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<document id="0B4DE8D7777328B824111965E2527C42" ID-CLB-Dataset="38789" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.170753" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9f95910b-a770-4ce2-9eb5-91e8e99b1941" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="170753" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1466267032656" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="SCOTT E. BROOKS" docDate="2005" docId="D40A8783FFEE2E2F7350FA80FB23DAF3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00857.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 857" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Paraclius Loew" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="88" masterDocId="2833FFFBFFBC2E777258FFF1FFB6DB0D" masterDocTitle="Systematics and phylogeny of Dolichopodinae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)" masterLastPageNumber="158" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="83" updateTime="1698663041903" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="AC8F64D181418FD41709CF146D87BF56">Systematics and phylogeny of Dolichopodinae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="C24AF64EF9FCFAB18D7A914DA66FF462" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E9057C83127B8EA6784DDD2C1A410B04">SCOTT E. BROOKS</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="167A2E31155A6049E4E836011300BBA9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:date id="D3FB7F44F7D065943722F3BEFD9D2B29">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="88537E91A3EF4CA5B5B0F11CD470ECA7">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="E49CF1C1030AFA0498282A11DF1D6151" type="CLB-Dataset">38789</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3F49CEBDE1EF89F779C3F02955B08BFB" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.170753</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D40A8783FFEE2E2F7350FA80FB23DAF3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6266946" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120828868" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6266946" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D40A8783FFEE2E2F7350FA80FB23DAF3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D40A8783FFEE2E2F7350FA80FB23DAF3" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<subSubSection id="14B9651EFFEE2E257350FA80FE12DEA3" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FFEE2E257350FA80FDA8DE86" blockId="82.[264,542,1393,1454]" box="[264,542,1393,1419]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<heading id="075481F9FFEE2E257350FA80FDA8DE86" bold="true" box="[264,542,1393,1419]" fontSize="11" level="4" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" reason="6">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEE2E257350FA80FDA8DE86" bold="true" box="[264,542,1393,1419]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEE2E257307FA80FDA8DE86" ID-CoL="63J56" ID-ENA="626630" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[351,542,1393,1419]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEE2E257307FA80FE64DE86" bold="true" box="[351,466,1393,1419]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Paraclius</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FFEE2E257350FA65FE12DEA3" blockId="82.[264,542,1393,1454]" box="[264,420,1428,1454]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
(
<figureCitation id="C4982A10FFEE2E257349FA65FED2DEA3" box="[273,356,1428,1454]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="84.[264,368,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[314,1271,394,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@84.[303,1281,390,1814]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 20. Paraclius arcuatus: (A) Male genitalia, left lateral view (external); (B) Male genitalia, left lateral view (internal); (C) Male genitalia, ventral view (postgonite, surstylus and cerci not shown); (D) Female genitalia, dorsal view; (E) Female genitalia, left lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170773/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
A–E)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14B9651EFFEE2E247350FA26FE5ED9C4" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FFEE2E257350FA26FCBDDD40" blockId="82.[264,1323,1494,1710]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7CB311BBFFEE2E257350FA26FCBDDD40" infered="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEE2E257350FA26FD92DEE0" ID-CoL="63J56" authority="Loew, 1864: 97" authorityName="Loew" authorityPageNumber="97" authorityYear="1864" box="[264,548,1494,1518]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEE2E257350FA26FED9DEE3" box="[264,367,1495,1518]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Paraclius</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="DD021084FFEE2E257320FA27FD92DEE0" author="Loew" box="[376,548,1494,1517]" page="97" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" year="1864">
<bibRefCitation id="38324B64FFEE2E257320FA27FE4CDEE0" author="Loew" box="[376,506,1494,1517]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refString="Loew, H. (1864) Monographs of the Diptera of North America. Part II. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 6 (2 [= pub. 171]): 1 - 360, 5 pls." type="journal article" year="1864">Loew, 1864</bibRefCitation>
: 97
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="83188837FFEE2E257077FA27FDD2DEE0" box="[559,612,1494,1517]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEE2E257090FA26FBBCDEE0" ID-CoL="8D88F" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[712,1034,1494,1518]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Pelastoneurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEE2E257090FA26FC73DEE3" box="[712,965,1495,1518]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Pelastoneurus arcuatus</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
[Neotropical], designation by
<treatmentCitation id="DD021084FFEE2E257304FA07FDFEDD00" author="Coquillett" box="[348,584,1526,1549]" page="583" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" year="1910">
<bibRefCitation id="38324B64FFEE2E257304FA07FDA6DD00" author="Coquillett" box="[348,528,1526,1549]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refString="Coquillett, D. W. (1910) The type-species of the North American genera of Diptera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 37, 499 - 647." type="journal article" year="1910">Coquillett, 1910</bibRefCitation>
: 583
</treatmentCitation>
. Erroneously treated as an emendation of
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEE2E257644FA06FB62DD00" authority="Bigot" authorityName="Bigot" box="[1052,1236,1526,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paracleius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEE2E257644FA06FB26DD03" box="[1052,1168,1527,1550]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Paracleius</emphasis>
Bigot
</taxonomicName>
(a synonym
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEE2E2573D8F9E6FD11DD20" ID-CoL="6K7J" authority="Loew, 1861" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1861" box="[384,679,1558,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Pelastoneurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEE2E2573D8F9E6FDAFDD23" box="[384,537,1559,1582]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Pelastoneurus</emphasis>
Loew, 1861
</taxonomicName>
) in
<bibRefCitation id="38324B64FFEE2E257083F9E7FC19DD20" box="[731,943,1558,1582]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refString="Foote, R. H., Coulson, J. R. &amp; Robinson, H. (1965) Family Dolichopodidae (Dolichopidae), In: Stone, A., Sabrosky, C. W., Wirth, W. W., Foote, R. H. &amp; Coulson, J. R. (Eds.), A catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico. United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook, 276, 482 - 530." type="journal article">
Foote
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEE2E25717BF9E6FCE3DD23" box="[803,853,1559,1582]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al</emphasis>
. (1965)
</bibRefCitation>
and elsewhere (see Brooks
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEE2E2576A8F9E6FA92DD23" box="[1264,1316,1559,1582]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al</emphasis>
. (2002) and
<bibRefCitation id="38324B64FFEE2E2573EBF9C7FCB1DD40" author="Cumming" box="[435,775,1590,1613]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refString="Cumming, J. M. &amp; Vockeroth J. R. (2003) Comment on the proposed conservation of Pelastoneurus Loew, 1861 (Insecta, Diptera). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 60, 53 - 54." type="journal article" year="2003">Cumming &amp; Vockeroth (2003))</bibRefCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FFEE2E257350F9A6FC84DD80" blockId="82.[264,1323,1494,1710]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7CB311BBFFEE2E257350F9A6FC84DD80" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEE2E257350F9A6FD36DD60" authority="Aldrich, 1896: 315" authorityName="Aldrich" authorityPageNumber="315" authorityYear="1896" box="[264,640,1622,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Leptocorypha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEE2E257350F9A6FE2ADD63" box="[264,412,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Leptocorypha</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="DD021084FFEE2E2573F0F9A7FD36DD60" author="Aldrich" box="[424,640,1622,1645]" page="315" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" year="1896">
<bibRefCitation id="38324B64FFEE2E2573F0F9A7FDF3DD60" author="Aldrich" box="[424,581,1622,1645]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refString="Aldrich, J. M. (1896) Dolichopodidae; Phoridae. In: Williston, S. W. (Ed.), On the Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1896, pp. 309 - 345, pl. 12, figs. 108 - 119; pp. 435 - 438." type="journal article" year="1896">Aldrich, 1896</bibRefCitation>
: 315
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="83188837FFEE2E2570D7F9A7FD72DD60" box="[655,708,1622,1645]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEE2E257169F9A6FBD7DD60" ID-CoL="8CHYZ" authority="Aldrich" authorityName="Aldrich" box="[817,1121,1622,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Leptocorypha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pavo">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEE2E257169F9A6FBB3DD63" box="[817,1029,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Leptocorypha pavo</emphasis>
Aldrich
</taxonomicName>
[Neotropical], by monotypy. Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation id="38324B64FFEE2E257032F987FC99DD80" author="Robinson" box="[618,815,1654,1677]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refString="Robinson, H. (1970 b) Family Dolichopodidae (Dolichopidae). Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States, 40, 92 pp." type="book" year="1970" yearSuffix="b">Robinson (1970b)</bibRefCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FFEE2E257350F966FB77DDA0" blockId="82.[264,1323,1494,1710]" box="[264,1217,1686,1710]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEE2E257350F966FDF6DDA0" ID-CoL="638YR" authority="Parent, 1934a" authorityName="Parent" authorityYear="1934" box="[264,576,1686,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Leptorhethum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEE2E257350F966FE2BDDA3" box="[264,413,1687,1710]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Leptorhethum</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="38324B64FFEE2E2573F3F967FDF6DDA0" author="Parent" box="[427,576,1686,1709]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refString="Parent, O. (1934 a) Etude sur les types de dolichopodides exotiques de Francis Walker, conserves au British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (10) 13, 1 - 38, 70 figs." type="journal article" year="1934" yearSuffix="a">Parent, 1934a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, not
<bibRefCitation id="38324B64FFEE2E25702BF967FCBFDDA0" author="Aldrich" box="[627,777,1686,1709]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refString="Aldrich, J. M. (1893) New genera and species of Psilopinae. The Kansas University Quarterly, 2, 47 - 50." type="journal article" year="1893">Aldrich, 1893</bibRefCitation>
, misid. listed by
<bibRefCitation id="38324B64FFEE2E2571E7F967FB0BDDA0" author="Bickel" box="[959,1213,1686,1709]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refString="Bickel, D. J. &amp; Dyte C. E. (1989) Family Dolichopodidae. In: Evenhuis, N. L. (Ed.), Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu &amp; E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 393 - 418." type="book chapter" year="1989">Bickel and Dyte (1989)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FFEE2E247350F928FE5ED9C4" blockId="82.[264,1323,1753,1899]" lastBlockId="83.[264,1323,284,1873]" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEE2E257350F928FE13DDFE" bold="true" box="[264,421,1753,1779]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Recognition.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEE2E2573F6F928FD96DDFF" ID-CoL="63J56" box="[430,544,1753,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEE2E2573F6F928FD96DDFF" box="[430,544,1753,1778]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Paraclius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as currently recognized, is a polyphyletic assemblage of species that can be recognized by the following combination of characters: arista bare to strongly pubescent, not plumose (i.e. with dorsal and ventral hairs longer than lateral hairs), rarely with apical lamella in male; clypeus flat or weakly produced, distinctly shorter than face in male, lower margin usually straight and ending above lower eye margin, rarely rounded below and extending beyond lower eye margin; wing vein M beyond crossvein dm­cu with strong anterior bend near or beyond middle, strongly convergent with R4+5 and usually arcuate; hind coxa with strong lateral seta usually near apex; mid and hind femur usually with 1 anterior to anterodorsal preapical seta; hind basitarsis without dorsal setae.
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEF2E247350FE16FECCD90D" ID-CoL="63J56" box="[264,378,487,512]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEF2E247350FE16FECCD90D" box="[264,378,487,512]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Paraclius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75E457FCFFEF2E2473DDFE16FDACD90C" box="[389,538,487,513]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
(the
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEF2E247006FE16FD53D90D" ID-CoL="8D88F" box="[606,741,487,512]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Pelastoneurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEF2E247006FE16FD53D90D" box="[606,741,487,512]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">P. arcuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lineage), can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: face of male very narrow and strongly converging below; distal section of M beyond crossvein dm­cu with strong, arcuate anterior bend beyond middle; hind femur wide and flat with anterior preapical near apex, hypopygium with elongate anterior apicoventral epandrial seta and distinctive elongate ventral surstylus, cercus lacking basolateral tail.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14B9651EFFEF2E227360FD27FEE3DC04" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="description">
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FFEF2E247360FD27FE03DFDC" blockId="83.[264,1323,284,1873]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEF2E247360FD27FCF0D9FD" bold="true" box="[312,838,726,752]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
Description (based on
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEF2E247017FD27FD60D9FD" box="[591,726,726,752]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Pelastoneurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEF2E247017FD27FD60D9FD" bold="true" box="[591,726,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">P. arcuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lineage).
</emphasis>
Head: Vertex flat to weakly excavated, 1 pair of strong vertical setae, stronger than postverticals. Frons about 2.7–2.9 x wider than high, sides weakly to distinctly convergent below. Face and clypeus very narrow in male, broad in female. Face with sides strongly convergent below in male, sides subparallel or convergent below in female. Clypeus flat and often slightly recessed to weakly produced, occasionally strongly bulging in female, lower margin straight, ending above lower eye margin. Palp small in male slightly larger in female, ovoid, with weak hairs on outer surface, distinct apical seta present. Antenna: Scape short, subconical, with well­developed acute medioventral process and weaker acute process ventrally; pedicel short; first flagellomere ovoid to subtriangular, shorter in female; arista dorsal, near base, 2­segmented, distal segment strongly pubescent. Lower postocular setae flattened, lowermost seta usually stronger. Postvertical setae slightly to distinctly stronger than uppermost pair of postoculars.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FFEF2E247360FB2EFC0DDD1C" blockId="83.[264,1323,284,1873]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
Thorax: Acrostichals biserial; 5 dorsocentrals, fourth pair aligned or slightly offset medially; 1 strong outer posthumeral, 1 weak to indistinct inner posthumeral; 2 notopleurals; 1 presutural; 1 sutural; 2 supraalars; 1 postalar. Upper and lower part of propleuron with sparse fine hairs, upper part of propleuron with 1–3 somewhat stronger setae immediately in front of anterior spiracle; lower part of propleuron with 1 strong prothoracic seta; pleural surface in front of posterior spiracle bare; metepisternum with several fine hairs. Scutellum with 1 strong inner seta and 1 small outer seta on lateral margin, posterior margin sometimes with a pair of weak setae (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEF2E247170FA06FC1FDD1D" box="[808,937,1527,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Pelastoneurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEF2E247170FA06FC1FDD1D" box="[808,937,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">P. arcuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FFEF2E237360F9EEFEDEDA53" blockId="83.[264,1323,284,1873]" lastBlockId="84.[264,1322,284,350]" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Legs: Pulvilli developed normally on all legs. Foreleg: Femur often with 1–2 distinct preapicals anteroventrally and posteroventrally. Midleg: Femur somewhat laterally flattened and wide, with 1 anterior preapical seta, sometimes with 1 weak anteroventral preapical seta or a series of progressively longer setae towards apex, terminal posteroventral seta often well­developed. Hindleg: Coxa with strong lateral seta near apex; femur laterally flattened and wide, 1 anterior preapical seta relatively close to apex, 1 welldeveloped to indistinct anteroventral preapical seta and/or series of progressively longer setae towards apex; tibia of male with thickened spinules on ctenidia; basitarsus shorter than second tarsomere, with 2–3 ventral setae; male with small dentiform posterobasal process.</paragraph>
<caption id="08DC661DFFE82E237350F8E8FBDADC7D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170773/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" targetBox="[314,1271,394,1810]" targetPageId="84">
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FFE82E237350F8E8FBDADC7D" blockId="84.[264,1322,1817,1904]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE82E237350F8E8FE2FDC3C" bold="true" box="[264,409,1817,1841]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFE82E2373F8F8E8FDDADC3D" box="[416,620,1817,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE82E2373F8F8E8FDDADC3D" box="[416,620,1817,1840]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Paraclius arcuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (A) Male genitalia, left lateral view (external); (B) Male genitalia, left lateral view (internal); (C) Male genitalia, ventral view (postgonite, surstylus and cerci not shown); (D) Female genitalia, dorsal view; (E) Female genitalia, left lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FFE92E227360FEEDFD40DABB" blockId="85.[264,1324,284,1881]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Wing: Brownish or grayish. R2+3 straight; R4+5 straight or with weak posterior curve in apical part; distal section of M beyond crossvein dm­cu with strong anterior bend beyond middle, arcuate, ending well before wing apex, strongly convergent with R4+5; crossvein dm­cu shorter than distal section of CuA1.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FFE92E227360FE36FE6FDD9C" blockId="85.[264,1324,284,1881]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Abdomen: Subconical. Male: T6 bare (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFE92E227164FE36FC0BDAED" box="[828,957,455,480]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE92E227164FE36FC0BDAED" box="[828,957,455,480]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">P. arcuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), or with a few setae along lateral margin (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFE92E2273BCFE1EFD1BD904" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[484,685,495,521]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilio">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE92E2273BCFE1EFDE8D905" box="[484,606,495,520]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">P. pumilio</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFE92E2270E4FE1EFC98D905" box="[700,814,495,520]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE92E2270E4FE1EFC98D905" box="[700,814,495,520]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Paraclius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1); S2 weakly sclerotized, sometimes divided medially; S3 emarginate and membranous posteromedially or divided; S4 mainly membranous, sclerotized anteriorly and laterally; S5 mainly membranous anteriorly, weakly sclerotized posteriorly and continous with S6 forming a plate­like sclerite; segment 7 forming well­developed peduncle; S8 subovoid, setose on posterior half. Hypopygium (
<figureCitation id="C4982A10FFE92E227300FD46FE06D9DC" box="[344,432,695,721]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="84.[264,368,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[314,1271,394,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@84.[303,1281,390,1814]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 20. Paraclius arcuatus: (A) Male genitalia, left lateral view (external); (B) Male genitalia, left lateral view (internal); (C) Male genitalia, ventral view (postgonite, surstylus and cerci not shown); (D) Female genitalia, dorsal view; (E) Female genitalia, left lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170773/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
A–C) somewhat slender in lateral view, subequal in height to segment 7. Epandrium ovoid in lateral view, about 2.3–2.7 x longer than high, with lateral ridge on apical half forming an acute apical projection directly above apicoventral epandrial setae; foramen positioned anterolaterally, well­separated from base of cerci; basiventral epandrial lobe not developed, small basiventral epandrial seta present along ventral epandrial margin; apicoventral epandrial lobe not developed, 2 apicoventral epandrial setae present, anterior seta elongate, posterior seta elongate or relatively short. Surstylus bilobed. Ventral lobe elongate slender and digitiform with stout modified apical seta. Dorsal lobe broad basally, with 2 thick dorsal setae, apex blunt or acute. Postgonite with anteroventral portion weakly sclerotized; posterodorsal portion well­developed, simple, digitiform. Undivided proctiger brush sometimes present (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFE92E227113FBB6FC65DF6D" box="[843,979,1095,1120]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE92E227113FBB6FC65DF6D" box="[843,979,1095,1120]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">P. arcuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="C4982A10FFE92E227186FBB6FB8CDF6C" box="[990,1082,1095,1121]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="84.[264,368,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[314,1271,394,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@84.[303,1281,390,1814]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 20. Paraclius arcuatus: (A) Male genitalia, left lateral view (external); (B) Male genitalia, left lateral view (internal); (C) Male genitalia, ventral view (postgonite, surstylus and cerci not shown); (D) Female genitalia, dorsal view; (E) Female genitalia, left lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170773/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
B). Cercus ovoid to subtriangular and weakly pointed apically, sometimes with elongate lateral setae. Hypandrium elongate, trough­shaped, with weak connection to epandrium basiventrally, free laterally, apex bifurcate, lateral margin with 1–2 dentiform or knob­like preapical projections, base of hypandrium projecting up inside epandrial capsule, cradling phallus (
<figureCitation id="C4982A10FFE92E227349FAFEFEDDDE24" box="[273,363,1295,1321]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="84.[264,368,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[314,1271,394,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@84.[303,1281,390,1814]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 20. Paraclius arcuatus: (A) Male genitalia, left lateral view (external); (B) Male genitalia, left lateral view (internal); (C) Male genitalia, ventral view (postgonite, surstylus and cerci not shown); (D) Female genitalia, dorsal view; (E) Female genitalia, left lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170773/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
B); hypandrial apodeme absent or not distinctly separated from basal sclerite of sperm pump; hypandrial arms connected to base of hypandrium. Sperm pump relatively large; ejaculatory apodeme elongate, laterally flattened, sometimes weakly sclerotized; basal sclerite of sperm pump well­developed, V­shaped to broadly U­shaped in dorsal view. Phallus long, slender, with small bumps or spinules, apical part with dentiform or rounded projections. Female (
<figureCitation id="C4982A10FFE92E22702BFA26FD79DEFC" box="[627,719,1495,1521]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="84.[264,368,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[314,1271,394,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@84.[303,1281,390,1814]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 20. Paraclius arcuatus: (A) Male genitalia, left lateral view (external); (B) Male genitalia, left lateral view (internal); (C) Male genitalia, ventral view (postgonite, surstylus and cerci not shown); (D) Female genitalia, dorsal view; (E) Female genitalia, left lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170773/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
D,E): T6, S6 and S7 undivided, T7 undivided, or weakly divided medially; T8 and S8 divided medially, tergite and sternite fused anterolaterally forming a narrow sclerite (
<figureCitation id="C4982A10FFE92E2270CDF9D6FD58DD4C" box="[661,750,1575,1601]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="84.[264,368,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[314,1271,394,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@84.[303,1281,390,1814]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 20. Paraclius arcuatus: (A) Male genitalia, left lateral view (external); (B) Male genitalia, left lateral view (internal); (C) Male genitalia, ventral view (postgonite, surstylus and cerci not shown); (D) Female genitalia, dorsal view; (E) Female genitalia, left lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170773/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
E). T10 divided medially into hemitergites each bearing 5 spines, innermost pair sometimes slightly offset, spines rounded and somewhat flattened apically.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FFE92E227360F96FFEE3DC04" blockId="85.[264,1324,284,1881]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE92E227360F96FFD3ADDB5" bold="true" box="[312,652,1694,1720]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Geographical Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFE92E2270CEF96EFCBEDDB5" box="[662,776,1695,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE92E2270CEF96EFCBEDDB5" box="[662,776,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Paraclius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in all zoogeographical regions, but is most diverse in the Neotropics. The
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFE92E227099F936FC15DDED" box="[705,931,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE92E227099F936FC15DDED" box="[705,931,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Paraclius arcuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lineage is known from the New World.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14B9651EFFE92E207360F8E7FE72D943" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FFE92E217360F8E7FCBFD97B" blockId="85.[264,1324,284,1881]" lastBlockId="86.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE92E227360F8E7FD22DC3D" bold="true" box="[312,660,1814,1840]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Phylogenetic Relationships.</emphasis>
As indicated by the cladistic analysis,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFE92E227627F8E6FB47DC3D" box="[1151,1265,1815,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE92E227627F8E6FB47DC3D" box="[1151,1265,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Paraclius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a polyphyletic group within the clade including
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFE92E227160F8CEFC77DC55" box="[824,961,1855,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Cheiromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE92E227160F8CEFC77DC55" box="[824,961,1855,1880]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Cheiromyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFE92E22718CF8CEFBDCDC55" box="[980,1130,1855,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Stenopygium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE92E22718CF8CEFBDCDC55" box="[980,1130,1855,1880]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Stenopygium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFE92E227624F8CEFA95DC55" box="[1148,1315,1855,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Pelastoneurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE92E227624F8CEFA95DC55" box="[1148,1315,1855,1880]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Pelastoneurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E217350FEEDFE34DA38" box="[264,386,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Platyopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E217350FEEDFE34DA38" box="[264,386,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Platyopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E2173CCFEEDFD98DA38" box="[404,558,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E2173CCFEEDFD98DA38" box="[404,558,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Tachytrechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E217034FEEDFCA1DA38" box="[620,791,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Metaparaclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E217034FEEDFCA1DA38" box="[620,791,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Metaparaclius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Much additional work is needed to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E2170D6FEB5FCB6DA50" box="[654,768,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E2170D6FEB5FCB6DA50" box="[654,768,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Paraclius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on a worldwide basis. At present the only phylogenetically meaningful generic concept includes the lineage closely related to the generic
<typeStatus id="83188837FFEA2E217330FE65FE2BDAA3" box="[360,413,404,430]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">type</typeStatus>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E2173F5FE65FD85DAA0" box="[429,563,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E2173F5FE65FD85DAA0" box="[429,563,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. arcuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E2170DBFE65FD4FDAA0" box="[643,761,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. p u m i l i o</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E217156FE65FC36DAA0" box="[782,896,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E217156FE65FC36DAA0" box="[782,896,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Paraclius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1), as diagnosed and described above. Based on the material examined in this study there appear to be several recognizable species groups within
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E217012FE15FD0ADAF0" box="[586,700,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E217012FE15FD0ADAF0" box="[586,700,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Paraclius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75E457FCFFEA2E21709CFE15FC8CDAF3" box="[708,826,484,510]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
and it is likely that additional genera will have to be established to accommodate these lineages; however, this is beyond the scope of my study. Until all the species of this genus can be studied in more detail,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E2176DCFDC5FB40D940" box="[1156,1270,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E2176DCFDC5FB40D940" box="[1156,1270,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Paraclius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will serve as a holding genus, like
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E217030FDADFCB7D978" box="[616,769,604,629]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Hercostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E217030FDADFCB7D978" box="[616,769,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hercostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FFEA2E217360FD75FEF3DFFB" blockId="86.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
In addition to the
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E217057FD75FD24D990" box="[527,658,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E217057FD75FD24D990" box="[527,658,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. arcuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lineage, I have seen two additional New World species groups of
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E217326FD5DFE46D9C8" box="[382,496,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E217326FD5DFE46D9C8" box="[382,496,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Paraclius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The first group is primarily characterized by the possession of a basolateral tail on the male cercus and was recently discussed by
<bibRefCitation id="38324B64FFEA2E21719EFD25FB5CD9E3" author="Bickel" box="[966,1258,724,750]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refString="Bickel, D. J. &amp; Sinclair, B. J. (1997) The Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Galapagos Islands, with notes on the New World fauna. Entomologica Scandinavica, 28, 241 - 270." type="journal article" year="1997">Bickel &amp; Sinclair (1997)</bibRefCitation>
. This group includes
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E2173E3FD0DFDF0D818" box="[443,582,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Polymedon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternans">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E2173E3FD0DFDF0D818" box="[443,582,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. alternans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E21700CFD0DFCFED81B" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[596,840,764,790]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claviculatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E21700CFD0DFD48D818" box="[596,766,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. claviculatus</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E21710BFD0DFB00D81B" authority="Bickel &amp; Sinclair" authorityName="Bickel &amp; Sinclair" box="[851,1206,764,790]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desenderi">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E21710BFD0DFC57D818" box="[851,993,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. desenderi</emphasis>
Bickel &amp; Sinclair
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E217698FD0DFE36D833" authority="Becker" authorityName="Becker" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E217698FD0DFE95D830" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. difficilis</emphasis>
Becker
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E2173D2FCD5FDD4D833" authority="Aldrich" authorityName="Aldrich" box="[394,610,804,830]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discifer">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E2173D2FCD5FE48D830" box="[394,510,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. discifer</emphasis>
Aldrich
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E217034FCD5FCE6D833" authority="Van Duzee" authorityName="Van Duzee" box="[620,848,804,830]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebes">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E217034FCD5FD7DD830" box="[620,715,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. hebes</emphasis>
Van Duzee
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E2171D0FCD5FBFED833" authority="Aldrich" authorityName="Aldrich" box="[904,1096,804,830]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="filifer">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E2171D0FCD5FC53D830" box="[904,997,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. filifer</emphasis>
Aldrich
</taxonomicName>
, which were examined in this study, as well as
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E217002FCBDFC8DD86B" authority="Robinson" authorityName="Robinson" box="[602,827,844,870]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E217002FCBDFD77D868" box="[602,705,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. affinis</emphasis>
Robinson
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E21711FFCBDFBE3D86B" authority="Wheeler" authorityName="Wheeler" box="[839,1109,844,870]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="propinquus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E21711FFCBDFC5ED868" box="[839,1000,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. propinquus</emphasis>
Wheeler
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E217639FCBDFAAFD86B" authority="Va" authorityName="Va" box="[1121,1305,844,870]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maritimus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E217639FCBDFB43D868" box="[1121,1269,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. maritimus</emphasis>
Va
</taxonomicName>
n Duzee,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E21733CFC85FD39D883" authority="Harmston" authorityName="Harmston" box="[356,655,884,910]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flagellatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E21733CFC85FE48D880" box="[356,510,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. flagellatus</emphasis>
(Harmston)
</taxonomicName>
for which specimens were not examined. This group is further characterized by a greatly enlarged and somewhat spherical sperm pump and a pair of proctiger brushes similar to those observed in
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E21710DFC35FC4BD8D0" box="[853,1021,964,989]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Pelastoneurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E21710DFC35FC4BD8D0" box="[853,1021,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pelastoneurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(absent in
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E2176DDFC35FE9EDF08" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="filifer">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E2176DDFC35FE9EDF08" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Paraclius filifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E21731AFC1DFD2ADF0B" authority="Melander" authorityName="Melander" box="[322,668,1004,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hybridus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E21731AFC1DFD92DF08" box="[322,548,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Paraclius hybridus</emphasis>
Melander
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E21708FFC1DFC4ADF0B" authority="Aldrich" authorityName="Aldrich" box="[727,1020,1004,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrinotatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E21708FFC1DFC2DDF08" box="[727,923,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. quadrinotatus</emphasis>
Aldrich
</taxonomicName>
apparently belong to this group, but lack the tail on the cercus.
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E2170E5FBE5FBF5DF23" authority="Robinson" authorityName="Robinson" box="[701,1091,1044,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarcionoides">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E2170E5FBE5FC7DDF20" box="[701,971,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Paraclius sarcionoides</emphasis>
Robinson
</taxonomicName>
may also be related to this group but lacks an enlarged sperm pump. This species is also unusual in that it has a spiny, divided phallus and a very well­developed hypandrial apodeme.
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E217614FB95FA9DDF70" box="[1100,1323,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E217614FB95FA9DDF70" box="[1100,1323,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Paraclius arcuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses an undivided, haired proctiger lobe similar to the proctiger brushes of this species group, but this lobe is absent in the other examined members of the
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E21762CFB45FB4FDFC0" box="[1140,1273,1204,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E21762CFB45FB4FDFC0" box="[1140,1273,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. arcuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lineage.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FFEA2E217360FAF5FD1ADDDB" blockId="86.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
The other New World species group includes
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E217100FAF5FB31DE13" authority="Van Duzee" authorityName="Van Duzee" box="[856,1159,1284,1310]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E217100FAF5FC4CDE10" box="[856,1018,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. brevicornis</emphasis>
Van Duzee
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E2176CCFAF5FECDDE4B" authority="Robinson" authorityName="Robinson" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dominicus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E2176CCFAF5FA9DDE10" box="[1172,1323,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. dominicus</emphasis>
Robinson
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E2173D0FADDFD1BDE4B" authority="Van Duzee" authorityName="Van Duzee" box="[392,685,1324,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicauda">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E2173D0FADDFD97DE48" box="[392,545,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. flavicauda</emphasis>
Van Duzee
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E2170E1FADDFC7BDE4B" authority="Robinson" authorityName="Robinson" box="[697,973,1324,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E2170E1FADDFCE5DE48" box="[697,851,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. floridensis</emphasis>
Robinson
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E217182FADDFABFDE4B" authority="Van Duzee" authorityName="Van Duzee" box="[986,1289,1324,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Dolichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E217182FADDFBCADE48" box="[986,1148,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. longicornis</emphasis>
Van Duzee
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E21774DFADDFE6DDE63" authority="Van Duzee" authorityName="Van Duzee" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E21774DFADDFEE2DE60" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. ovatus</emphasis>
Van Duzee
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E21704CFAA5FD20DE60" box="[532,662,1364,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E21704CFAA5FD20DE60" box="[532,662,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. venustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This group is characterized by the possession of a ringshaped sclerite surrounding the base of the phallus. This sclerite appears to be an extension of the postgonite, as illustrated by
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E2170E9FA55FCFBDEB0" box="[689,845,1444,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicauda">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E2170E9FA55FCFBDEB0" box="[689,845,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. flavicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, where the anteroventral portion of the postgonite and ring­shaped sclerite are fused. This connection is absent in the other species.
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E21731FFA05FDEFDD00" box="[327,601,1524,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megalocerus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E21731FFA05FDEFDD00" box="[327,601,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Paraclius megalocerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be close to this group, but lacks the characteristic basal phallic ring. Most of the species in this group also possess a greatly enlarged sperm pump, similar to the
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E21705CF9B5FD24DD50" box="[516,658,1604,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Polymedon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternans">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E21705CF9B5FD24DD50" box="[516,658,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. alternans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group discussed above (sperm pump not enlarged in
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E21774DF9B5FEE2DD88" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E21774DF9B5FEE2DD88" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. ovatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), but lack proctiger brushes. The male genitalia of species in this group show an overall similarity to that of
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E21700EF965FD69DDA0" box="[598,735,1684,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Cheiromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E21700EF965FD69DDA0" box="[598,735,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Cheiromyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however, at present I have not found a synapomorphy to support this relationship.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FFEA2E207360F915FE72D943" blockId="86.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastBlockId="87.[264,1323,284,1870]" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
All of the Oriental species examined (i.e.
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E217145F915FC74DDF0" box="[797,962,1764,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E217145F915FC74DDF0" box="[797,962,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E217189F915FBE9DDF0" box="[977,1119,1764,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emeiensis">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E217189F915FBE9DDF0" box="[977,1119,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. emeiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E217635F915FB4FDDF0" box="[1133,1273,1764,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosellus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E217635F915FB4FDDF0" box="[1133,1273,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. pilosellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E217350F8FDFE2BDC28" box="[264,413,1804,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luculentus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E217350F8FDFE2BDC28" box="[264,413,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. luculentus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) share a patch of setae on the posterolateral margin of the metepimeron (character 16:1). The latter three species, plus
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEA2E2170B4F8C5FBA2DC40" box="[748,1044,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
“
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEA2E2170AFF8C5FC30DC40" box="[759,902,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Polymedon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polymedon</taxonomicName>
” inopinatus
</emphasis>
, form a distinctive species group characterized by the possession of finely branched setae on the apicoventral epandrial lobe, large, dark cerci, and a complex, eversible, apicodorsal epandrial sac. The following species (not examined) also seem referable to this group:
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E207679FE9DFA96DA8B" authority="Yang &amp; Li" authorityName="Yang &amp; Li" box="[1057,1312,364,390]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Sybistroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207679FE9DFB17DA88" box="[1057,1185,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">P. acutatus</emphasis>
Yang &amp; Li
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E207350FE65FDC4DAA3" authority="Yang &amp; Saigusa" authorityName="Yang &amp; Saigusa" box="[264,626,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Hercostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvispinus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207350FE65FE1DDAA0" box="[264,427,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">P. curvispinus</emphasis>
Yang &amp; Saigusa
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E207025FE65FBB4DAA3" authority="Yang &amp; Saigusa" authorityName="Yang &amp; Saigusa" box="[637,1026,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Polymedon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornutus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207025FE65FC8DDAA0" box="[637,827,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">P. longicornutus</emphasis>
Yang &amp; Saigusa
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E207655FE65FECDDADB" authority="Yang &amp; Grootaert" authorityName="Yang &amp; Grootaert" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Polymedon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menglunensis">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207655FE65FB7FDAA0" box="[1037,1225,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">P. menglunensis</emphasis>
Yang &amp; Grootaert
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E2073D4FE4DFC9FDADB" authority="Yang &amp; Grootaert" authorityName="Yang &amp; Grootaert" box="[396,809,444,470]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Polymedon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthocerus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E2073D4FE4DFD8BDAD8" box="[396,573,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">P. xanthocerus</emphasis>
Yang &amp; Grootaert
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E207162FE4DFBEBDADB" authority="Yang. This" authorityName="Yang. This" box="[826,1117,444,470]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Polymedon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207162FE4DFC7ADAD8" box="[826,972,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">P. yunnanus</emphasis>
Yang. This
</taxonomicName>
Oriental species group appears to be related to a species group including
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E2071F5FE15FB41DAF0" box="[941,1271,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Metaparaclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australiensis">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E2071F5FE15FB41DAF0" box="[941,1271,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Metaparaclius australiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E207350FDFDFE4ED928" box="[264,504,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neglectus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207350FDFDFE4ED928" box="[264,504,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraclius neglectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see “Phylogenetic relationships” under the generic treatment of
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E207350FDC5FE05D940" box="[264,435,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Metaparaclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207350FDC5FE05D940" box="[264,435,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Metaparaclius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14B9651EFFEB2E207360FDAAFEFFDFFB" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FFEB2E207360FDAAFDC8DF0B" blockId="87.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207360FDAAFE07D978" bold="true" box="[312,433,603,629]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="38324B64FFEB2E2073E3FDADFDDDD97B" author="Aldrich" box="[443,619,604,630]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Aldrich, J. M. (1902) Dolichopodidae of Grenada, W. I. The Kansas University Science Bulletin, 1 [= whole ser., 11], 75 - 95, pl. 4 (= Kans. Univ. Bull., 2 (8 ))." type="journal article" year="1902">Aldrich (1902)</bibRefCitation>
recorded a “light variety” of
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E20718DFDADFBECD978" box="[981,1114,604,629]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E20718DFDADFBECD978" box="[981,1114,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">P. arcuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="24B47605FFEB2E2076FEFDADFABFD97B" box="[1190,1289,604,630]" name="Grenada" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Grenada</collectingCountry>
in which the hind legs are mainly yellow. I have examined a male and several females from this series and compared them with the female
<typeStatus id="83188837FFEB2E207110FD5DFC19D9CB" box="[840,943,684,710]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E207184FD5DFBD4D9C8" box="[988,1122,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207184FD5DFBD4D9C8" box="[988,1122,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">P. arcuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as well as other identified specimens of
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E20707BFD25FD10D9E0" box="[547,678,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E20707BFD25FD10D9E0" box="[547,678,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">P. arcuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showing the typical leg color, i.e. with the hind femur dark on distal half and hind tibia dark brown. The pale­legged specimens from
<collectingCountry id="24B47605FFEB2E207690FD0DFA9DD81B" box="[1224,1323,764,790]" name="Grenada" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Grenada</collectingCountry>
belong to a separate, apparently undescribed species (
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E2071CEFCD5FBBED830" box="[918,1032,804,829]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E2071CEFCD5FBBED830" box="[918,1032,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraclius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1). Genitalic differences are seen in the structure of the hypandrium, apex of the phallus and shape of the dorsal surstylar lobe. Like
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E20707BFC85FD2AD880" box="[547,668,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilio">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E20707BFC85FD2AD880" box="[547,668,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">P. pumilio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the male of
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E207166FC85FC06D880" box="[830,944,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207166FC85FC06D880" box="[830,944,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraclius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1 lacks the hairy undivided apical proctiger lobe, present in
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E2070D9FC6DFCB5D8B8" box="[641,771,924,949]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E2070D9FC6DFCB5D8B8" box="[641,771,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">P. arcuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C4982A10FFEB2E20714AFC6DFCDCD8BB" box="[786,874,924,950]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="84.[264,368,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[314,1271,394,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@84.[303,1281,390,1814]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 20. Paraclius arcuatus: (A) Male genitalia, left lateral view (external); (B) Male genitalia, left lateral view (internal); (C) Male genitalia, ventral view (postgonite, surstylus and cerci not shown); (D) Female genitalia, dorsal view; (E) Female genitalia, left lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170773/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
B). These two species also possess lateroventral setae on abdominal T6, which represents a rare exception to the dolichopodine groundplan in which T6 is bare.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FFEB2E207360FBE5FEFFDFFB" blockId="87.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
The cradle­like extension of the hypandrium (
<figureCitation id="C4982A10FFEB2E207109FBE5FC11DF23" box="[849,935,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="84.[264,368,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[314,1271,394,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@84.[303,1281,390,1814]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 20. Paraclius arcuatus: (A) Male genitalia, left lateral view (external); (B) Male genitalia, left lateral view (internal); (C) Male genitalia, ventral view (postgonite, surstylus and cerci not shown); (D) Female genitalia, dorsal view; (E) Female genitalia, left lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170773/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
B) noted in the description of the
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E207350FBCDFE3CDF58" box="[264,394,1084,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207350FBCDFE3CDF58" box="[264,394,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">P. arcuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lineage is potentially an informative character that requires further study. This feature is also shared by the
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E207039FB95FD54DF70" box="[609,738,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternan">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207039FB95FD54DF70" box="[609,738,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">P. alternan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s species group; but had to be excluded from the analysis due to problems with apparent intermediates and cases of uncertain homology encountered while attempting to code and score this character across the range of exemplars.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14B9651EFFEB2E2F7360FAF5FB23DAF3" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5C1C3695FFEB2E2F7360FAF5FB23DAF3" blockId="87.[264,1323,284,1870]" lastBlockId="88.[264,1323,283,510]" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207360FAF5FD83DE13" bold="true" box="[312,565,1284,1310]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Material Examined.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E207067FAF5FC35DE13" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[575,899,1284,1310]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207067FAF5FC97DE10" box="[575,801,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraclius arcuatus</emphasis>
(Loew)
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E2071C4FAF5FC73DE13" bold="true" box="[924,965,1284,1310]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">NT</emphasis>
]: Ψ
<typeStatus id="83188837FFEB2E2071A7FAF5FBD3DE13" box="[1023,1125,1284,1310]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFEB2E207620FAF5FB08DE13" box="[1144,1214,1284,1310]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">MCZ</collectionCode>
); 1ɗ, 7Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFEB2E207348FADDFEDDDE4B" box="[272,363,1324,1350]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">USNM</collectionCode>
); 2ɗ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFEB2E2073E1FADDFE4EDE4B" box="[441,504,1324,1350]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">CAS</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E207048FADDFCC1DE4B" authority="Becker" authorityName="Becker" box="[528,887,1324,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207048FADDFCA0DE48" box="[528,790,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraclius abbreviatus</emphasis>
Becker
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E2071D7FADDFC0DDE4B" bold="true" box="[911,955,1324,1350]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">OR</emphasis>
]: 1ɗ, 1Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFEB2E20761AFADDFB16DE4B" box="[1090,1184,1324,1350]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">BMNH</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E2076E1FADDFE61DE63" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternans">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E2076E1FADDFEC0DE60" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraclius alternans</emphasis>
(Loew)
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E2073B5FAA5FDA0DE63" bold="true" box="[493,534,1364,1390]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">NE</emphasis>
]: 2ɗ, 1Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFEB2E2070CAFAA5FD67DE63" box="[658,721,1364,1390]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">CAS</collectionCode>
); 2ɗ, 1Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFEB2E207110FAA5FC3CDE63" box="[840,906,1364,1390]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">CNC</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E2071C6FAA5FA90DE63" authority="Van Duzee" authorityName="Van Duzee" box="[926,1318,1364,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E2071C6FAA5FB2ADE60" box="[926,1180,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraclius brevicornis</emphasis>
Van Duzee
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E20734AFA8DFE8DDE9B" bold="true" box="[274,315,1404,1430]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">NT</emphasis>
]: 2ɗ
<typeStatus id="83188837FFEB2E207326FA8DFE47DE9B" box="[382,497,1404,1430]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 1Ψ
<typeStatus id="83188837FFEB2E20707FFA8DFD3ADE9B" box="[551,652,1404,1430]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFEB2E2070C4FA8DFD6DDE9B" box="[668,731,1404,1430]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">CAS</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E2070B7FA8DFB22DE9B" authority="Van Duzee" authorityName="Van Duzee" box="[751,1172,1404,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claviculatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E2070B7FA8DFC43DE98" box="[751,1013,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraclius claviculatus</emphasis>
(Van Duzee)
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E2076F2FA8DFAAFDE9B" bold="true" box="[1194,1305,1404,1430]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">NE,?NT</emphasis>
]: 1ɗ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFEB2E207362FA55FECFDEB3" box="[314,377,1444,1470]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">CAS</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E2073D5FA55FCFBDEB3" authority="Bickel &amp; Sinclair" authorityName="Bickel &amp; Sinclair" box="[397,845,1444,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desenderi">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E2073D5FA55FDCEDEB0" box="[397,632,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraclius desenderi</emphasis>
Bickel &amp; Sinclair
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E20713BFA55FC3ADEB3" bold="true" box="[867,908,1444,1470]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">NT</emphasis>
]: 1ɗ
<typeStatus id="83188837FFEB2E207195FA55FB83DEB3" box="[973,1077,1444,1470]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 1Ψ
<typeStatus id="83188837FFEB2E207632FA55FB79DEB3" box="[1130,1231,1444,1470]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFEB2E207686FA55FAABDEB3" box="[1246,1309,1444,1470]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">CAS</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E207350FA3DFDF6DEEB" authority="Aldrich" authorityName="Aldrich" box="[264,576,1484,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discifer">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207350FA3DFE6DDEE8" box="[264,475,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraclius discifer</emphasis>
Aldrich
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E20700EFA3DFDC9DEEB" bold="true" box="[598,639,1484,1510]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">NT</emphasis>
]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFEB2E2070A7FA3DFCECDEEB" box="[767,858,1484,1510]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">USNM</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E207128FA3DFB19DEEB" authority="Becker" authorityName="Becker" box="[880,1199,1484,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207128FA3DFBE7DEE8" box="[880,1105,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraclius difficilus</emphasis>
Becker
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E20769DFA3DFB58DEEB" bold="true" box="[1221,1262,1484,1510]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">NT</emphasis>
]: 1ɗ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFEB2E207348FA05FEDDDD03" box="[272,363,1524,1550]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">USNM</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E2073DDFA05FD4DDD03" authority="Robinson" authorityName="Robinson" box="[389,763,1524,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dominicus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E2073DDFA05FDCDDD00" box="[389,635,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraclius dominicus</emphasis>
Robinson
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E20714DFA05FC88DD03" bold="true" box="[789,830,1524,1550]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">NT</emphasis>
]: 3ɗ
<typeStatus id="83188837FFEB2E2071D3FA05FC48DD03" box="[907,1022,1524,1550]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 2Ψ
<typeStatus id="83188837FFEB2E207665FA05FB1BDD03" box="[1085,1197,1524,1550]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFEB2E20769AFA05FAABDD03" box="[1218,1309,1524,1550]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">USNM</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E207350F9EDFD08DD3B" authority="Yang &amp; Saigusa" authorityName="Yang &amp; Saigusa" box="[264,702,1564,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emeiensis">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207350F9EDFE42DD38" box="[264,500,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraclius emeiensis</emphasis>
Yang &amp; Saigusa
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E20708DF9EDFCB7DD3B" bold="true" box="[725,769,1564,1590]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">OR</emphasis>
]: 1ɗ
<typeStatus id="83188837FFEB2E20711EF9EDFC18DD3B" box="[838,942,1564,1590]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 1Ψ
<typeStatus id="83188837FFEB2E2071BDF9EDFBFCDD3B" box="[997,1098,1564,1590]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFEB2E207603F9EDFB12DD3B" box="[1115,1188,1564,1590]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">ISNB</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E2076E1F9EDFE04DD53" authority="Aldrich" authorityName="Aldrich" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="filifer">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E2076E1F9EDFEFFDD50" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraclius filifer</emphasis>
Aldrich
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207395F9B5FD85DD53" bold="true" box="[461,563,1604,1630]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">NE, NT</emphasis>
]: 5ɗ, 2Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFEB2E2070E7F9B5FD48DD53" box="[703,766,1604,1630]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">CAS</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E20714FF9B5FB11DD53" authority="Van Duzee" authorityName="Van Duzee" box="[791,1191,1604,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicauda">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E20714FF9B5FBA7DD50" box="[791,1041,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraclius flavicauda</emphasis>
Van Duzee
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207699F9B5FB5CDD53" bold="true" box="[1217,1258,1604,1630]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">NT</emphasis>
]: 1ɗ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFEB2E207349F99DFEF9DD8B" box="[273,335,1644,1670]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">CAS</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E207331F99DFD54DD8B" authority="Robinson" authorityName="Robinson" box="[361,738,1644,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207331F99DFDD5DD88" box="[361,611,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraclius floridensis</emphasis>
Robinson
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E2070A4F99DFC93DD8B" bold="true" box="[764,805,1644,1670]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">NE</emphasis>
]: 1ɗ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFEB2E207122F99DFC0EDD8B" box="[890,952,1644,1670]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">CAS</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E20718AF99DFA90DD8B" authority="Van Duzee" authorityName="Van Duzee" box="[978,1318,1644,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebes">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E20718AF99DFB25DD88" box="[978,1171,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraclius hebes</emphasis>
Van Duzee
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E20734AF965FE8DDDA3" bold="true" box="[274,315,1684,1710]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">NT</emphasis>
]: 1ɗ
<typeStatus id="83188837FFEB2E2073DBF965FE5DDDA3" box="[387,491,1684,1710]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 1ɗ, 1Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFEB2E20703BF965FD17DDA3" box="[611,673,1684,1710]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">CAS</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E2070E1F965FBAEDDA3" authority="Melander" authorityName="Melander" box="[697,1048,1684,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hybridus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E2070E1F965FC2DDDA0" box="[697,923,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraclius hybridus</emphasis>
Melander
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207669F965FBECDDA3" bold="true" box="[1073,1114,1684,1710]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">NE</emphasis>
]: 3ɗ, 1Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFEB2E207686F965FAABDDA3" box="[1246,1309,1684,1710]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">CAS</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E207350F94DFD17DDDB" authority="Van Duzee" authorityName="Van Duzee" box="[264,673,1724,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207350F94DFDBADDD8" box="[264,524,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraclius longicornis</emphasis>
Van Duzee
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E2070E4F94DFD53DDDB" bold="true" box="[700,741,1724,1750]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">NT</emphasis>
]: 2ɗ
<typeStatus id="83188837FFEB2E20716AF94DFC13DDDB" box="[818,933,1724,1750]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 1Ψ
<typeStatus id="83188837FFEB2E2071BDF94DFBFCDDDB" box="[997,1098,1724,1750]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFEB2E207607F94DFB28DDDB" box="[1119,1182,1724,1750]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">CAS</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E2076E1F94DFE6FDDF3" authority="Parent" authorityName="Parent" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luculentus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E2076E1F94DFE36DDF0" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraclius luculentus</emphasis>
Parent
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E2073AAF915FDA8DDF3" bold="true" box="[498,542,1764,1790]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">OR</emphasis>
]: 1ɗ, 1Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFEB2E2070FCF915FCB4DDF3" box="[676,770,1764,1790]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">BMNH</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E207142F915FB1CDDF3" authority="Robinson" authorityName="Robinson" box="[794,1194,1764,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megalocerus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207142F915FB9ADDF0" box="[794,1068,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraclius megalocerus</emphasis>
Robinson
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E20769BF915FB5ADDF3" bold="true" box="[1219,1260,1764,1790]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">NT</emphasis>
]: 2ɗ
<typeStatus id="83188837FFEB2E207350F8FDFECDDC2B" box="[264,379,1804,1830]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 2Ψ
<typeStatus id="83188837FFEB2E207399F8FDFD87DC2B" box="[449,561,1804,1830]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFEB2E207012F8FDFD13DC2B" box="[586,677,1804,1830]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">USNM</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E207099F8FDFB8CDC2B" authority="Parent" authorityName="Parent" box="[705,1082,1804,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microproctus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207099F8FDFC6BDC28" box="[705,989,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraclius microproctus</emphasis>
Parent
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207600F8FDFBC9DC2B" bold="true" box="[1112,1151,1804,1830]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">AF</emphasis>
]: ɗ
<typeStatus id="83188837FFEB2E20769CF8FDFA9DDC2B" box="[1220,1323,1804,1830]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFEB2E207348F8C5FEDBDC43" box="[272,365,1844,1870]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Mus<75>e Royal de l<>Afrique Centrale" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">MRAC</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E2073D9F8C5FD73DC43" authority="Becker" authorityName="Becker" box="[385,709,1844,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neglectus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E2073D9F8C5FDDCDC40" box="[385,618,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraclius neglectus</emphasis>
Becker
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E207082F8C5FCB2DC43" bold="true" box="[730,772,1844,1870]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">AU</emphasis>
]: 4ɗ, 2Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFEB2E2071D8F8C5FC74DC43" box="[896,962,1844,1870]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">CNC</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFEB2E20718FF8C5FA90DC43" authority="Van Duzee" authorityName="Van Duzee" box="[983,1318,1844,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFEB2E20718FF8C5FB2ADC40" box="[983,1180,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Paraclius ovatus</emphasis>
Van Duzee
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE42E2F734AFEEAFE31DA38" bold="true" box="[274,391,283,309]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">NE,?NT</emphasis>
]: 4ɗ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFE42E2F7387FEEDFDA8DA3B" box="[479,542,284,310]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">CAS</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFE42E2F7061FEEDFC3ADA3B" authority="Becker" authorityName="Becker" box="[569,908,284,310]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosellus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE42E2F7061FEEDFC9FDA38" box="[569,809,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Paraclius pilosellus</emphasis>
Becker
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE42E2F71F0FEEAFC62DA38" bold="true" box="[936,980,283,309]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">OR</emphasis>
]: 1ɗ
<typeStatus id="83188837FFE42E2F767CFEEDFB34DA3B" box="[1060,1154,284,310]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
, 2Ψ
<typeStatus id="83188837FFE42E2F769CFEEDFA9DDA3B" box="[1220,1323,284,310]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFE42E2F7349FEB5FEFEDA53" box="[273,328,324,350]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33211" name="Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">DEI</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFE42E2F7305FEB5FDC9DA53" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[349,639,324,350]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilio">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE42E2F7305FEB5FD84DA50" box="[349,562,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Paraclius pumilio</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE42E2F70CDFEB2FD41DA50" bold="true" box="[661,759,323,349]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">NE, NT</emphasis>
]: 3ɗ, 2Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFE42E2F7120FEB5FC00DA53" box="[888,950,324,350]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">CAS</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFE42E2F7195FEB5FE8EDA8B" authority="Aldrich" authorityName="Aldrich" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrinotatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE42E2F7195FEB5FB5DDA50" box="[973,1259,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Paraclius quadrinotatus</emphasis>
Aldrich
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE42E2F730BFE9AFECADA88" bold="true" box="[339,380,363,389]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">NE</emphasis>
]: 3ɗ, 1Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFE42E2F7050FE9DFDF0DA8B" box="[520,582,364,390]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">CAS</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFE42E2F7039FE9DFC45DA8B" authority="Robinson" authorityName="Robinson" box="[609,1011,364,390]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarcionoides">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE42E2F7039FE9DFCC2DA88" box="[609,884,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Paraclius sarcionoides</emphasis>
Robinson
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE42E2F7656FE9AFB81DA88" bold="true" box="[1038,1079,363,389]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">NT</emphasis>
]: 2ɗ
<typeStatus id="83188837FFE42E2F76DCFE9DFB41DA8B" box="[1156,1271,364,390]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 2Ψ
<typeStatus id="83188837FFE42E2F7350FE65FECEDAA3" box="[264,376,404,430]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFE42E2F73D1FE65FE52DAA3" box="[393,484,404,430]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">USNM</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFE42E2F73A2FE65FC85DAA3" authority="Lamb" authorityName="Lamb" box="[506,819,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solivagus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE42E2F73A2FE65FD55DAA0" box="[506,739,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Paraclius solivagus</emphasis>
Lamb
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE42E2F7112FE62FCC7DAA0" bold="true" box="[842,881,403,429]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">AF</emphasis>
]: 2ɗ, 1Ψ (LEM);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFE42E2F7613FE65FED2DADB" authority="Aldrich" authorityName="Aldrich" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE42E2F7613FE65FA9CDAA0" box="[1099,1322,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Paraclius venustus</emphasis>
Aldrich
</taxonomicName>
, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE42E2F7327FE4AFE1EDAD8" bold="true" box="[383,424,443,469]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">NT</emphasis>
]: 1ɗ, 1Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFE42E2F706CFE4DFDC5DADB" box="[564,627,444,470]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">CAS</collectionCode>
);
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFE42E2F70D5FE4DFD49DAD8" box="[653,767,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Paraclius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE42E2F70D5FE4DFD49DAD8" box="[653,767,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Paraclius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE42E2F713EFE4AFC3ADAD8" bold="true" box="[870,908,443,469]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">NT</emphasis>
,
<collectingCountry id="24B47605FFE42E2F71F9FE4DFBBADADB" box="[929,1036,444,470]" name="Grenada" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Grenada</collectingCountry>
]: 1ɗ, 1Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFE42E2F76C8FE4DFB58DADB" box="[1168,1262,444,470]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">BMNH</collectionCode>
); 2Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFE42E2F7348FE15FEDDDAF3" box="[272,363,484,510]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">USNM</collectionCode>
); 1Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFE42E2F73EAFE15FE47DAF3" box="[434,497,484,510]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">CAS</collectionCode>
); “
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D16FFE42E2F7042FE15FD28DAF0" box="[538,670,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Polymedon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE42E2F7042FE15FD28DAF0" box="[538,670,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Polymedon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE42E2F70EAFE15FC98DAF0" box="[690,814,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">inopinatus</emphasis>
Parent, [
<emphasis id="6ED7EA87FFE42E2F71C0FE12FC72DAF0" bold="true" box="[920,964,483,509]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">OR</emphasis>
]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ (
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE50FFE42E2F7618FE15FB3EDAF3" box="[1088,1160,484,510]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">ISNB</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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