treatments-xml/data/1C/19/87/1C198789FF87FFD5FF1E2CBA2D4BFE8A.xml

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<mods:title id="1FB9DB0658EA32BC67858F0668D5DA24">Stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) of the Indian subcontinent: Diversity, taxonomy and current status of knowledge</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="956A2A06BE42067764691D6106FD1530">Rasmussen, Claus</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="1C198789FF87FFD5FF1E2CBA2D4BFE8A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5612326" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119567860" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5612326" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1C198789FF87FFD5FF1E2CBA2D4BFE8A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C198789FF87FFD5FF1E2CBA2D4BFE8A" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="413" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<subSubSection id="DCAA6514FF87FFD1FF1E2CBA2F13FF0D" box="[151,812,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="940F369FFF87FFD1FF1E2CBA2F13FF0D" blockId="8.[151,812,151,177]" box="[151,812,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<heading id="CF4781F3FF87FFD1FF1E2CBA2F13FF0D" bold="true" box="[151,812,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FF1E2CBA2F13FF0D" bold="true" box="[151,812,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FF1E2CBA2D15FF0D" ID-CoL="646S9" box="[151,298,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FF1E2CBA2D15FF0D" bold="true" box="[151,298,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Tetragonula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species of the “ 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FE652CBA2E51FF0D" box="[492,622,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridipennis">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FE652CBA2E51FF0D" bold="true" box="[492,622,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">iridipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” species group
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DCAA6514FF87FFD1FF1E2CF329BAFEDF" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="940F369FFF87FFD1FF1E2CF329BAFEDF" blockId="8.[151,1436,222,1218]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FF1E2CF32D2CFF4B" bold="true" box="[151,275,222,247]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Amongst 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FE0E2CF32E30FF4A" box="[391,527,222,246]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FE0E2CF32E30FF4A" box="[391,527,222,246]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Tetragonula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species groups members of the “ 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FC082CF32FC5FF4A" box="[897,1018,222,246]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridipennis">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FC082CF32FC5FF4A" box="[897,1018,222,246]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">iridipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group are characterized by having a dark mesoscutum with four distinct hair bands separated by broad glabrous interspaces (
<figureCitation id="0C8B2A1AFF87FFD1FB292D2F28DCFEA6" box="[1184,1251,258,282]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. 1 A" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1376,1399]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,373,1353]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,373,1355]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. 1 A. Scanning electron microscope image demonstrating the inner surface of hind tibia and basitarsus, the latter with the differentiated basal sericeous area of short, dense, hairs characteristic of the genus Tetragonula of the Indian subcontinent (specimen is Heterotrigona itama Cockerell from Malaysia). 1 B. Close-up of the hind basitarsus with sericeous area of short, dense, hairs. 1 C. Lepidotrigona with diagnostic dense tessellation on head and thorax and densely plumose hairs on the margin of mesoscutum (Lepidotrigona cf. arcifera from India, Nagaland, collection 21). 1 D. The “ iridipennis ” species group is characterized by distinct bands of pubescence separated by broad glabrous interspaces on the mesoscutum (specimen from India, Tamil Nadu, collection 17). Notice that the latter two specimens are laterally glued directly to the entomological pin, thus, avoiding to pin through the mesoscutum and obscure characters from this area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219392/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
d), and by their smaller body size, with the forewing length, including tegula, measuring 3.0 to 
<quantity id="53489B7AFF87FFD1FBBC2D0B28ADFE82" box="[1077,1170,294,318]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
. In addition, Sakagami (1978) reported that the male gonostylus arises dorsad (not laterad) to the gonocoxite in all species of this group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DCAA6514FF87FFD3FF402D432884FDA4" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="411" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="940F369FFF87FFD1FF402D432CE0FB7E" blockId="8.[151,1436,222,1218]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FF402D432D6CFE3B" bold="true" box="[201,339,366,391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Comments:</emphasis>
Besides the Indian species of 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FD202D432F0EFE3A" box="[681,817,366,390]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FD202D432F0EFE3A" box="[681,817,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Tetragonula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FCCB2D422F62FE3A" box="[834,861,367,390]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">i.e</emphasis>
., 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FCFA2D5D28A8FE3A" authority="Cameron" authorityName="Cameron" box="[883,1175,366,391]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FCFA2D5D282CFE3A" box="[883,1043,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">T. bengalensis</emphasis>
(
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF87FFD1FBAB2D4328B0FE3A" box="[1058,1167,366,390]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Cameron</collectingCountry>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FB2B2D5D29A7FE3A" authority="Smith" authorityName="Smith" box="[1186,1432,366,391]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridipennis">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FB2B2D5D2908FE3A" box="[1186,1335,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">T. iridipennis</emphasis>
(Smith)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FF1E2DB92DAEFE16" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[151,401,402,427]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeterita">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FF1E2DB92D1CFE17" box="[151,291,404,427]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">T. praeterita</emphasis>
(Walker)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FE452DB92EFBFE16" authority="Smith" authorityName="Smith" box="[460,708,402,427]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FE452DB92E67FE17" box="[460,600,403,427]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">T. ruficornis</emphasis>
(Smith))
</taxonomicName>
, the group also includes the smallest member of the genus, the apparently widespread 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FE162D952F26FE72" authority="Cameron 1908" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1908" box="[415,793,438,463]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscobalteata">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FE162D952E6BFE72" box="[415,596,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">T. fuscobalteata</emphasis>
(
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF87FFD1FDEF2D9B2EF0FE72" box="[614,719,438,462]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Cameron</collectingCountry>
1908)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FCDD2D952844FE72" authority="Friese 1909" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1909" box="[852,1147,438,463]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypearis">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FCDD2D952FE6FE72" box="[852,985,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">T. clypearis</emphasis>
(Friese 1909)
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF87FFD1FB4C2D9B2913FE72" box="[1221,1324,438,462]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Australia</collectingCountry>
and New 
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF87FFD1FF1E2DF72CD7FE4E" box="[151,232,474,498]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Guinea</collectingCountry>
(Dollin 
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FEC72DF12DB4FE4F" box="[334,395,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">et al.</emphasis>
1997). A last species in the group is 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FCC52DF128B8FE4E" authority="Schwarz 1939" authorityName="Schwarz" authorityYear="1939" box="[844,1159,474,499]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pagdeni">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FCC52DF12FF9FE4F" box="[844,966,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">T. pagdeni</emphasis>
(Schwarz 1939)
</taxonomicName>
described based on the 
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF87FFD1FF1E2DD32CC6FDAA" box="[151,249,510,534]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(in USNM) male collected from Nakhon Si Thammarat in southern 
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF87FFD1FBB82DD328AAFDAA" box="[1073,1173,510,534]" name="Thailand" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(Sakagami 1978), but widespread in all of southeast Asia (Sakagami 
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FD282E092EE6FD87" box="[673,729,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">et al.</emphasis>
1990). Sakagami (1978) reported that 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FB002E0928C1FD87" box="[1161,1278,547,571]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pagdeni">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FB002E0928C1FD87" box="[1161,1278,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">T. pagdeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
workers were only statistically different from 
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FD842E652EECFDE2" box="[525,723,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FD842E652E99FDE2" box="[525,678,582,607]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="iridipennis">T. iridipennis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BDF757F6FF87FFD1FD3A2E6B2EECFDE2" box="[691,723,582,606]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from 
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF87FFD1FCA82E6B2F64FDE2" box="[801,859,582,606]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">India</collectingCountry>
(the former with paler coloration of the anterior corbicular fringe and more plumose frontal hairs), although males of 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FB882E4128BFFD3F" box="[1025,1152,619,643]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pagdeni">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FB882E4128BFFD3F" box="[1025,1152,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">T. pagdeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
did differ in genitalic characteristics from the Indian specimens of 
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FD3D2EBD2F48FD1A" box="[692,887,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FD3D2EBD2F70FD1A" box="[692,847,654,679]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="iridipennis">T. iridipennis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BDF757F6FF87FFD1FCD42EA32F48FD1A" box="[861,887,654,678]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" sensu="lato">s.l</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
. Preliminary molecular results (Rasmussen &amp; 
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF87FFD1FF1E2E9F2CC1FD76" box="[151,254,690,714]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Cameron</collectingCountry>
2007, 2010) placed four genetically distinct but morphologically “ 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FC632E9E285CFD77" box="[1002,1123,691,715]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridipennis">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FC632E9E285CFD77" box="[1002,1123,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">iridipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”-like specimens from 
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF87FFD1FAEB2E9F29A3FD76" box="[1378,1436,690,714]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">India</collectingCountry>
in a highly supported clade together with specimens identified as 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FC0E2EF52FC1FD52" box="[903,1022,726,751]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pagdeni">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FC0E2EF52FC1FD52" box="[903,1022,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">T. pagdeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(from 
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF87FFD1FBD92EFB2884FD52" box="[1104,1211,726,750]" name="Malaysia" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
), 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FB462EF5296CFD52" box="[1231,1363,726,751]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypearis">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FB462EF5296CFD52" box="[1231,1363,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">T. clypearis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(from 
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF87FFD1FF1E2ED72D3FFCAE" box="[151,256,762,786]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Australia</collectingCountry>
) and, surprisingly, also 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FD9C2ED12F7DFCAE" authority="Sakagami 1978" authorityName="Sakagami" authorityYear="1978" box="[533,834,762,787]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FD9C2ED12E49FCAF" box="[533,630,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">T. minor</emphasis>
(Sakagami 1978)
</taxonomicName>
(from 
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF87FFD1FC1F2ED72FC0FCAE" box="[918,1023,762,786]" name="Thailand" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Thailand</collectingCountry>
). 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FB9A2ED628D7FCAF" box="[1043,1256,763,787]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FB9A2ED628D7FCAF" box="[1043,1256,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Tetragonula minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a very small member of the genus and is tentatively placed in this species group, as the male is unknown and it cannot be assessed whether the male gonostylus arise dorsad from the gonocoxite. Workers of 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FB1D2F6E2953FCE7" box="[1172,1388,835,859]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FB1D2F6E2953FCE7" box="[1172,1388,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Tetragonula minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are distinguished from the other members by the darker hairs of the mesoscutum and corbicular fringe. The principal measurements of the species of this species group are given in table 1 (on average HW=1.6–1.8, WL=3.7–4.3, WD=0.9–1.2, HTL=1.4–1.7) and as follows for species not encountered in the Indian subcontinent: 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FA0E2F9D2D11FC57" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscobalteata">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FA0E2F9D2D11FC57" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">T. fuscobalteata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: HW=1.35–1.5, WL=3.1–3.4, WD=0.9–1.0, HTL=1.2–1.4; 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FC762FF928B4FC57" box="[1023,1163,979,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypearis">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FC762FF928B4FC57" box="[1023,1163,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">T. clypearis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: HW=1.57, WL=3.55, WD=0.97, HTL=1.46; 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FE142FD52DC2FBB3" box="[413,509,1016,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FE142FD52DC2FBB3" box="[413,509,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">T. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: HW=1.6, WL=3.6–3.8, WD=1.0, HTL=1.5; 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FB8F2FD52841FBB2" box="[1030,1150,1014,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pagdeni">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FB8F2FD52841FBB2" box="[1030,1150,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">T. pagdeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: HW=1.6–1.8, WL=3.9– 4.1, WD=1.0–1.2, HTL=1.4–1.7. The amber fossil 
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FD6628362FC8FB8F" box="[751,1015,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Meliponorytes devictus</emphasis>
Cockerell 1921 from the Hukawng Valley, 
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF87FFD1FF6528122D64FBEB" box="[236,347,1087,1111]" name="Myanmar" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
, has been placed under junior synonymy of 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FCDD286D291BFBEA" authority="Zeuner &amp; Manning 1976" authorityName="Zeuner &amp; Manning" authorityYear="1976" box="[852,1316,1086,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridipennis">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FCDD286D2FD5FBEA" box="[852,1002,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">T. iridipennis</emphasis>
(Zeuner &amp; Manning 1976)
</taxonomicName>
, but could represent an additional member of this species group. Although Hukawng amber generally is recognized as old (Cruickshank &amp; Ko 2003), this particular piece is copal of much more recent but unknown age (Grimaldi 
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FAE828A529A3FB22" box="[1377,1436,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">et al.</emphasis>
1995).
</paragraph>
<caption id="C0CF6617FF87FFD1FF1E28C22DE5FA9B" ID-Table-UUID="C0CF6617FF87FFD1FF1E28C22DE5FA9B" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C0CF6617FF87FFD1FF1E28C22DE5FA9B" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" targetBox="[159,1432,1346,1974]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="940F369FFF87FFD1FF1E28C22DE5FA9B" blockId="8.[151,1436,1263,1319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FF1E28C22D2EFABB" bold="true" box="[151,273,1263,1287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Measurements (mm) of the examined primary type specimens of species described from the Indian subcontinent and listed above.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="940F369FFF87FFD1FF1629AB297BF80A" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<table id="E6B0C43FFF870026FF16296F29A7F80A" box="[159,1432,1346,1974]" gridcols="7" gridrows="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<tr id="2A8034DDFF870026FF16296F29A7FA20" box="[159,1432,1346,1436]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<th id="69515DA1FF870026FF16296F2E28FA20" box="[159,535,1346,1436]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Total length of body</th>
<th id="69515DA1FF870026FDC1296F2EE6FA20" box="[584,729,1346,1436]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FDC1296F2EA6FACB" box="[584,729,1346,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lepidotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcifera">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FDC1296F2EA6FACB" box="[584,729,1346,1399]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Lepidotrigona arcifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
4.70
</th>
<th id="69515DA1FF870026FD7A296F2F56FA20" box="[755,873,1346,1436]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FD7A296E2F7FFACB" box="[755,873,1347,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacciae">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FD7A296E2F7FFACB" box="[755,873,1347,1399]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Lisotrigona cacciae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
2.95
</th>
<th id="69515DA1FF870026FC0B296F2FC2FA20" box="[898,1021,1346,1436]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FC0B296F2FCFFACB" box="[898,1021,1346,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridipennis">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FC0B296F2FCFFACB" box="[898,1021,1346,1399]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Tetragonula iridipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
3.55
</th>
<th id="69515DA1FF870026FB96296F28BBFA20" box="[1055,1156,1346,1436]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FB96296E28BBFACB" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeterita">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FB96296E28BBFACB" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">T. praeterita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
3.33
</th>
<th id="69515DA1FF870026FB13296F28C1FA20" box="[1178,1278,1346,1436]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FB13296E28C1FACB" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FB13296E28C1FACB" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">T. ruficornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
3.45
</th>
<th id="69515DA1FF870026FA9E296F29A7FA20" box="[1303,1432,1346,1436]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF87FFD1FA9E296E29B0FACB" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FA9E296E29B0FACB" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">T. bengalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
3.55
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF870026FF16299D29A7FA7A" box="[159,1432,1456,1478]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<th id="69515DA1FF870026FF16299D2E28FA7A" box="[159,535,1456,1478]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Width of head</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FDC1299D2EE6FA7A" box="[584,729,1456,1478]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.89</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FD7A299D2F56FA7A" box="[755,873,1456,1478]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.19</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FC0B299D2FC2FA7A" box="[898,1021,1456,1478]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.60</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FB96299D28BBFA7A" box="[1055,1156,1456,1478]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.52</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FB13299D28C1FA7A" box="[1178,1278,1456,1478]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.66</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FA9E299D29A7FA7A" box="[1303,1432,1456,1478]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.70</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF870026FF1629F429A7FA53" box="[159,1432,1497,1519]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<th id="69515DA1FF870026FF1629F42E28FA53" box="[159,535,1497,1519]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Length of head (clypeal apex-vertex)</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FDC129F42EE6FA53" box="[584,729,1497,1519]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.51</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FD7A29F42F56FA53" box="[755,873,1497,1519]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.01</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FC0B29F42FC2FA53" box="[898,1021,1497,1519]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.30</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FB9629F428BBFA53" box="[1055,1156,1497,1519]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.32</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FB1329F428C1FA53" box="[1178,1278,1497,1519]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.32</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FA9E29F429A7FA53" box="[1303,1432,1497,1519]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.34</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF870026FF162A2F29A7F9A4" box="[159,1432,1538,1560]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<th id="69515DA1FF870026FF162A2F2E28F9A4" box="[159,535,1538,1560]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Length of compound eye</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FDC12A2F2EE6F9A4" box="[584,729,1538,1560]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.13</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FD7A2A2F2F56F9A4" box="[755,873,1538,1560]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.83</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FC0B2A2F2FC2F9A4" box="[898,1021,1538,1560]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.10</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FB962A2F28BBF9A4" box="[1055,1156,1538,1560]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.04</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FB132A2F28C1F9A4" box="[1178,1278,1538,1560]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.13</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FA9E2A2F29A7F9A4" box="[1303,1432,1538,1560]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.13</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF870026FF162A0629A7F9FE" box="[159,1432,1579,1602]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<th id="69515DA1FF870026FF162A062E28F9FE" box="[159,535,1579,1602]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Width of compound eye</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FDC12A062EE6F9FE" box="[584,729,1579,1602]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.47</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FD7A2A062F56F9FE" box="[755,873,1579,1602]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.33</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FC0B2A062FC2F9FE" box="[898,1021,1579,1602]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.40</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FB962A0628BBF9FE" box="[1055,1156,1579,1602]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.40</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FB132A0628C1F9FE" box="[1178,1278,1579,1602]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.42</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FA9E2A0629A7F9FE" box="[1303,1432,1579,1602]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.43</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF870026FF162A7829A7F9D7" box="[159,1432,1621,1643]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<th id="69515DA1FF870026FF162A782E28F9D7" box="[159,535,1621,1643]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Upper interorbital distance</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FDC12A782EE6F9D7" box="[584,729,1621,1643]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.23</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FD7A2A782F56F9D7" box="[755,873,1621,1643]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.75</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FC0B2A782FC2F9D7" box="[898,1021,1621,1643]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.00</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FB962A7828BBF9D7" box="[1055,1156,1621,1643]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.04</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FB132A7828C1F9D7" box="[1178,1278,1621,1643]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.02</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FA9E2A7829A7F9D7" box="[1303,1432,1621,1643]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.02</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF870026FF162A5329A7F928" box="[159,1432,1662,1684]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<th id="69515DA1FF870026FF162A532E28F928" box="[159,535,1662,1684]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Maximum interorbital distance</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FDC12A532EE6F928" box="[584,729,1662,1684]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.34</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FD7A2A532F56F928" box="[755,873,1662,1684]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.85</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FC0B2A532FC2F928" box="[898,1021,1662,1684]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.13</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FB962A5328BBF928" box="[1055,1156,1662,1684]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.12</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FB132A5328C1F928" box="[1178,1278,1662,1684]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.14</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FA9E2A5329A7F928" box="[1303,1432,1662,1684]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.13</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF870026FF162A8529A7F902" box="[159,1432,1704,1726]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<th id="69515DA1FF870026FF162A852E28F902" box="[159,535,1704,1726]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Lower interorbital distance</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FDC12A852EE6F902" box="[584,729,1704,1726]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">1.13</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FD7A2A852F56F902" box="[755,873,1704,1726]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.65</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FC0B2A852FC2F902" box="[898,1021,1704,1726]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.82</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FB962A8528BBF902" box="[1055,1156,1704,1726]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">N/A</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FB132A8528C1F902" box="[1178,1278,1704,1726]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.79</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FA9E2A8529A7F902" box="[1303,1432,1704,1726]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.87</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF870026FF162AFC29A7F95B" box="[159,1432,1745,1767]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<th id="69515DA1FF870026FF162AFC2E28F95B" box="[159,535,1745,1767]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Diameter of median ocellus</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FDC12AFC2EE6F95B" box="[584,729,1745,1767]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.08</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FD7A2AFC2F56F95B" box="[755,873,1745,1767]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.11</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FC0B2AFC2FC2F95B" box="[898,1021,1745,1767]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.15</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FB962AFC28BBF95B" box="[1055,1156,1745,1767]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.14</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FB132AFC28C1F95B" box="[1178,1278,1745,1767]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.14</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FA9E2AFC29A7F95B" box="[1303,1432,1745,1767]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.15</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF870026FF162AD729A7F8AC" box="[159,1432,1786,1808]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<th id="69515DA1FF870026FF162AD72E28F8AC" box="[159,535,1786,1808]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Interocellar distance</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FDC12AD72EE6F8AC" box="[584,729,1786,1808]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.36</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FD7A2AD72F56F8AC" box="[755,873,1786,1808]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.27</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FC0B2AD72FC2F8AC" box="[898,1021,1786,1808]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.33</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FB962AD728BBF8AC" box="[1055,1156,1786,1808]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.35</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FB132AD728C1F8AC" box="[1178,1278,1786,1808]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.38</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FA9E2AD729A7F8AC" box="[1303,1432,1786,1808]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.38</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF870026FF162B0E29A7F885" box="[159,1432,1827,1849]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<th id="69515DA1FF870026FF162B0E2E28F885" box="[159,535,1827,1849]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Ocellorbital distance</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FDC12B0E2EE6F885" box="[584,729,1827,1849]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.32</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FD7A2B0E2F56F885" box="[755,873,1827,1849]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.18</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FC0B2B0E2FC2F885" box="[898,1021,1827,1849]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.23</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FB962B0E28BBF885" box="[1055,1156,1827,1849]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.24</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FB132B0E28C1F885" box="[1178,1278,1827,1849]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.24</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FA9E2B0E29A7F885" box="[1303,1432,1827,1849]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.23</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF870026FF162B6029A7F8DF" box="[159,1432,1869,1891]" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<th id="69515DA1FF870026FF162B602E28F8DF" box="[159,535,1869,1891]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Interalveolar distance</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FDC12B602EE6F8DF" box="[584,729,1869,1891]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.19</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FD7A2B602F56F8DF" box="[755,873,1869,1891]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.13</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FC0B2B602FC2F8DF" box="[898,1021,1869,1891]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.15</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FB962B6028BBF8DF" box="[1055,1156,1869,1891]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.15</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FB132B6028C1F8DF" box="[1178,1278,1869,1891]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.17</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FA9E2B6029A7F8DF" box="[1303,1432,1869,1891]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.17</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF870026FF162B5B29A7F830" box="[159,1432,1910,1932]" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<th id="69515DA1FF870026FF162B5B2E28F830" box="[159,535,1910,1932]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Alveolorbital distance</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FDC12B5B2EE6F830" box="[584,729,1910,1932]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.32</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FD7A2B5B2F56F830" box="[755,873,1910,1932]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.19</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FC0B2B5B2FC2F830" box="[898,1021,1910,1932]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.30</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FB962B5B28BBF830" box="[1055,1156,1910,1932]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.27</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FB132B5B28C1F830" box="[1178,1278,1910,1932]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.31</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FA9E2B5B29A7F830" box="[1303,1432,1910,1932]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.26</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF870026FF162B8D29A7F80A" box="[159,1432,1952,1974]" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<th id="69515DA1FF870026FF162B8D2E28F80A" box="[159,535,1952,1974]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Alveolocellar distance</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FDC12B8D2EE6F80A" box="[584,729,1952,1974]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.75</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FD7A2B8D2F56F80A" box="[755,873,1952,1974]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.54</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FC0B2B8D2FC2F80A" box="[898,1021,1952,1974]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.71</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FB962B8D28BBF80A" box="[1055,1156,1952,1974]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">N/A</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FB132B8D28C1F80A" box="[1178,1278,1952,1974]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.67</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF870026FA9E2B8D29A7F80A" box="[1303,1432,1952,1974]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">0.67</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="940F369FFF87FFD3FBE82BE42884FDA4" blockId="8.[1121,1432,1993,2015]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="411" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF87FFD1FBE82BE429A7F863" box="[1121,1432,1993,2015]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">......continued on the next page</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF86FFD0FF4E2BAA2D7EF823" bold="true" box="[199,321,1927,1951]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Problems:</emphasis>
More than one hundred years ago four names were proposed for four very similar 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF86FFD0FA9D2BAB29A3F822" box="[1300,1436,1926,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF86FFD0FA9D2BAB29A3F822" box="[1300,1436,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Tetragonula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from 
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF86FFD0FEDF2B872DAFF87E" box="[342,400,1962,1986]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">India</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF86FFD0FE452B872E00F87E" box="[460,575,1962,1986]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
. Those four species were poorly characterized in their time and they have never since been directly compared. This creates an uncertainty as to the true identity of these four validly proposed species. They might simply be synonymous, or they may be the correct names for some of the several species of 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF85FFD3FF1E2C912D20FF68" box="[151,287,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF85FFD3FF1E2C912D20FF68" box="[151,287,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Tetragonula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that inhabit the Indian subcontinent. I have had the opportunity to examine and document with photographs the primary 
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF85FFD3FE312CCD2DCCFF44" box="[440,499,224,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">types</typeStatus>
of all four species. The external morphology of the primary 
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF85FFD3FB3E2CCD28CDFF44" box="[1207,1266,224,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">types</typeStatus>
might provide sufficient and reliable characters for separating these species, but intraspecific variation (size, pubescence, and coloration) is at the same time obscuring the limits of each of the biological species. Ideally, additional characters from the male genitalia and molecular data will provide enough data to convincingly separate and define the species, but such data is not available at this point. It is beyond the scope of the present work to locate male specimens from the 
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF85FFD3FEFE2DB82D98FE11" box="[375,423,405,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">type</typeStatus>
localities or sample fresh specimens for use in molecular studies, to provide an assessment of the validity of each of these four species. Generalities about each of the species are provided below, in addition, detailed measurements of the 
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF85FFD3FE6F2DF02E29FE49" box="[486,534,477,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">type</typeStatus>
specimens are found in table 1, photographs of the 
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF85FFD3FBD52DF028B3FE49" box="[1116,1164,477,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">type</typeStatus>
specimens are provided in figures 4–7, and lastly, table 2 provides direct comparison of each of the four primary 
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF85FFD3FBF12E2D2888FDA4" box="[1144,1207,512,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">types</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="C0CF6617FF86FFD0FF162CB22D9FFF0B" ID-Table-UUID="C0CF6617FF86FFD0FF162CB22D9FFF0B" box="[159,416,159,183]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C0CF6617FF86FFD0FF162CB22D9FFF0B" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" targetBox="[159,1423,202,1863]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="940F369FFF86FFD0FF162CB22D9FFF0B" blockId="9.[159,416,159,183]" box="[159,416,159,183]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF86FFD0FF162CB22D2DFF0B" bold="true" box="[159,274,159,183]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
(Continued)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="940F369FFF86FFD0FF162D23297BF8FB" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<table id="E6B0C43FFF860026FF162CE729B0F8FB" box="[159,1423,202,1863]" gridcols="7" gridrows="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<tr id="2A8034DDFF860026FF162CE729B0FE98" box="[159,1423,202,292]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<th id="69515DA1FF860026FF162CE72E0EFE98" box="[159,561,202,292]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Alveolar diameter</th>
<th id="69515DA1FF860026FDC12CE72EE6FE98" box="[584,729,202,292]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF86FFD0FDC12CE72EA6FF43" box="[584,729,202,255]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lepidotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcifera">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF86FFD0FDC12CE72EA6FF43" box="[584,729,202,255]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Lepidotrigona arcifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.10
</th>
<th id="69515DA1FF860026FD7A2CE72F56FE98" box="[755,873,202,292]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF86FFD0FD7A2CE62F7FFF43" box="[755,873,203,255]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lisotrigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacciae">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF86FFD0FD7A2CE62F7FFF43" box="[755,873,203,255]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Lisotrigona cacciae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.06
</th>
<th id="69515DA1FF860026FC0B2CE72FC2FE98" box="[898,1021,202,292]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF86FFD0FC0B2CE72FCFFF43" box="[898,1021,202,255]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridipennis">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF86FFD0FC0B2CE72FCFFF43" box="[898,1021,202,255]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Tetragonula iridipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.14
</th>
<th id="69515DA1FF860026FB962CE728BBFE98" box="[1055,1156,202,292]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF86FFD0FB962CE628BBFF43" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeterita">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF86FFD0FB962CE628BBFF43" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">T. praeterita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.15
</th>
<th id="69515DA1FF860026FB102CE728C1FE98" box="[1177,1278,202,292]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF86FFD0FB132CE628C1FF43" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF86FFD0FB132CE628C1FF43" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">T. ruficornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.12
</th>
<th id="69515DA1FF860026FA9E2CE729B0FE98" box="[1303,1423,202,292]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF86FFD0FA9E2CE629B0FF43" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF86FFD0FA9E2CE629B0FF43" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">T. bengalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.12
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF860026FF162D1529B0FE75" box="[159,1423,312,457]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<th id="69515DA1FF860026FF162D152E0EFE75" box="[159,561,312,457]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Length of clypeus Maximum width of clypeus Intertentorial distance, width of clypeus Clypeocellar distance</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FDC12D152EE6FE75" box="[584,729,312,457]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.36 0.71 0.56 0.24</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FD7A2D152F56FE75" box="[755,873,312,457]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.24 0.42 0.36 0.06</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FC0B2D152FC2FE75" box="[898,1021,312,457]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.33 0.70 0.48 0.96</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FB962D1528BBFE75" box="[1055,1156,312,457]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">N/A N/A N/A N/A</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FB102D1528C1FE75" box="[1177,1278,312,457]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.39 0.71 0.48 0.06</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FA9E2D1529B0FE75" box="[1303,1423,312,457]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.33 0.65 0.51 0.14</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF860026FF162DF029B0FDA0" box="[159,1423,477,540]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<th id="69515DA1FF860026FF162DF02E0EFDA0" box="[159,561,477,540]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Length of malar space Length of scape</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FDC12DF02EE6FDA0" box="[584,729,477,540]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.13 0.60</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FD7A2DF02F56FDA0" box="[755,873,477,540]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.02 0.37</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FC0B2DF02FC2FDA0" box="[898,1021,477,540]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.03 0.57</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FB962DF028BBFDA0" box="[1055,1156,477,540]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">N/A 0.59</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FB102DF028C1FDA0" box="[1177,1278,477,540]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.05 0.57</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FA9E2DF029B0FDA0" box="[1303,1423,477,540]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.06 0.57</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF860026FF162E1D29B0FD7D" box="[159,1423,560,705]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<th id="69515DA1FF860026FF162E1D2E0EFD7D" box="[159,561,560,705]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Diameter of scape Diameter of third flagellomere Length of pedicel + flagellomeres Length of first flagellomere</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FDC12E1D2EE6FD7D" box="[584,729,560,705]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.13 0.14 1.35 0.10</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FD7A2E1D2F56FD7D" box="[755,873,560,705]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.07 0.11 N/A 0.06</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FC0B2E1D2FC2FD7D" box="[898,1021,560,705]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.10 0.12 1.24 0.09</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FB962E1D28BBFD7D" box="[1055,1156,560,705]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.08 0.13 N/A 0.05</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FB102E1D28C1FD7D" box="[1177,1278,560,705]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.10 0.13 1.25 0.07</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FA9E2E1D29B0FD7D" box="[1303,1423,560,705]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.10 0.13 1.30 0.11</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF860026FF162EF829B0FCA8" box="[159,1423,725,788]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<th id="69515DA1FF860026FF162EF82E0EFCA8" box="[159,561,725,788]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Length of second flagellomere Length of third flagellomere</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FDC12EF82EE6FCA8" box="[584,729,725,788]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.10 0.12</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FD7A2EF82F56FCA8" box="[755,873,725,788]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.06 0.07</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FC0B2EF82FC2FCA8" box="[898,1021,725,788]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.07 0.10</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FB962EF828BBFCA8" box="[1055,1156,725,788]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.12 0.10</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FB102EF828C1FCA8" box="[1177,1278,725,788]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.11 0.11</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FA9E2EF829B0FCA8" box="[1303,1423,725,788]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.11 0.11</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF860026FF162F0529B0FC05" box="[159,1423,808,953]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<th id="69515DA1FF860026FF162F052E0EFC05" box="[159,561,808,953]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Length of mandible Width of mandible Length of forewing (excluding tegula) Length of forewing (including tegula)</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FDC12F052EE6FC05" box="[584,729,808,953]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.65 0.21 4.25 4.60</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FD7A2F052F56FC05" box="[755,873,808,953]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.45 0.12 2.37 2.65</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FC0B2F052FC2FC05" box="[898,1021,808,953]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.62 0.19 3.44 3.80</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FB962F0528BBFC05" box="[1055,1156,808,953]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">N/A N/A 3.44 3.70</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FB102F0528C1FC05" box="[1177,1278,808,953]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.62 0.21 3.20 3.50</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FA9E2F0529B0FC05" box="[1303,1423,808,953]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.60 0.18 3.50 3.80</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF860026FF162FE029B0FBB0" box="[159,1423,973,1036]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<th id="69515DA1FF860026FF162FE02E0EFBB0" box="[159,561,973,1036]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Width of forewing Length of pterostigma</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FDC12FE02EE6FBB0" box="[584,729,973,1036]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">1.65 0.71</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FD7A2FE02F56FBB0" box="[755,873,973,1036]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.95 0.36</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FC0B2FE02FC2FBB0" box="[898,1021,973,1036]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">1.32 0.48</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FB962FE028BBFBB0" box="[1055,1156,973,1036]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">N/A 0.48</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FB102FE028C1FBB0" box="[1177,1278,973,1036]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">1.28 0.51</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FA9E2FE029B0FBB0" box="[1303,1423,973,1036]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">1.25 0.48</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF860026FF16280D29B0FAB8" box="[159,1423,1056,1284]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<th id="69515DA1FF860026FF16280D2E0EFAB8" box="[159,561,1056,1284]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Width of pterostigma Length of marginal cell Width of marginal cell Length of first abscissa of M Length of first abscissa of Cu Length of wing diagonal</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FDC1280D2EE6FAB8" box="[584,729,1056,1284]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.19 1.40 0.32 0.77 0.89 1.33</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FD7A280D2F56FAB8" box="[755,873,1056,1284]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.12 0.89 0.18 0.38 N/A 0.73</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FC0B280D2FC2FAB8" box="[898,1021,1056,1284]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.11 1.21 0.30 0.58 0.71 1.01</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FB96280D28BBFAB8" box="[1055,1156,1056,1284]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.11 1.21 N/A 0.60 0.70 0.95</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FB10280D28C1FAB8" box="[1177,1278,1056,1284]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.13 1.23 0.30 0.52 0.70 0.95</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FA9E280D29B0FAB8" box="[1303,1423,1056,1284]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.13 1.21 0.29 0.55 0.71 0.95</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF860026FF16293529B0FA15" box="[159,1423,1304,1449]" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<th id="69515DA1FF860026FF1629352E0EFA15" box="[159,561,1304,1449]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Hamuli Length of mesoscutum Width of mesoscutum Width of scutellum</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FDC129352EE6FA15" box="[584,729,1304,1449]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">6 1.08 1.26 0.94</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FD7A29352F56FA15" box="[755,873,1304,1449]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">6 0.71 0.93 0.48</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FC0B29352FC2FA15" box="[898,1021,1304,1449]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">5 0.87 1.01 0.57</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FB96293528BBFA15" box="[1055,1156,1304,1449]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">5 0.85 1.00 0.61</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FB10293528C1FA15" box="[1177,1278,1304,1449]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">5 0.83 1.05 0.69</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FA9E293529B0FA15" box="[1303,1423,1304,1449]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">5 1.00 1.13 0.79</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF860026FF16299029B0FA40" box="[159,1423,1469,1532]" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<th id="69515DA1FF860026FF1629902E0EFA40" box="[159,561,1469,1532]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Length of scutellum Length of tibia III</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FDC129902EE6FA40" box="[584,729,1469,1532]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.28 1.43</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FD7A29902F56FA40" box="[755,873,1469,1532]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.23 0.86</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FC0B29902FC2FA40" box="[898,1021,1469,1532]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.33 1.55</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FB96299028BBFA40" box="[1055,1156,1469,1532]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.24 1.47</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FB10299028C1FA40" box="[1177,1278,1469,1532]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.33 1.43</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FA9E299029B0FA40" box="[1303,1423,1469,1532]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.28 1.51</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF860026FF162A3D29B0F948" box="[159,1423,1552,1780]" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<th id="69515DA1FF860026FF162A3D2E0EF948" box="[159,561,1552,1780]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Width of tibia III Length of basitarsus III Width of basitarsus III Width of tergum III Length of hairs on clypeus Length of hairs on frons</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FDC12A3D2EE6F948" box="[584,729,1552,1780]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.57 0.62 0.26 1.58 &lt;0.01 0.02</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FD7A2A3D2F56F948" box="[755,873,1552,1780]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.31 0.35 0.18 1.05 &lt;0.01 0.02</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FC0B2A3D2FC2F948" box="[898,1021,1552,1780]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.54 0.50 0.29 1.36 &lt;0.01 &lt;0.01</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FB962A3D28BBF948" box="[1055,1156,1552,1780]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.54 0.48 0.27 1.28 &lt;0.01 &lt;0.01</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FB102A3D28C1F948" box="[1177,1278,1552,1780]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.52 0.48 0.27 1.32 &lt;0.01 &lt;0.01</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FA9E2A3D29B0F948" box="[1303,1423,1552,1780]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.54 0.50 0.29 1.28 &lt;0.01 &lt;0.01</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF860026FF162B2529B0F8FB" box="[159,1423,1800,1863]" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<th id="69515DA1FF860026FF162B252E0EF8FB" box="[159,561,1800,1863]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Length of hairs on vertex Length of hairs on scutellum apex</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FDC12B252EE6F8FB" box="[584,729,1800,1863]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.19 0.21</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FD7A2B252F56F8FB" box="[755,873,1800,1863]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.04 0.13</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FC0B2B252FC2F8FB" box="[898,1021,1800,1863]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.13 0.12</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FB962B2528BBF8FB" box="[1055,1156,1800,1863]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.11 0.12</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FB102B2528C1F8FB" box="[1177,1278,1800,1863]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.07 0.10</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF860026FA9E2B2529B0F8FB" box="[1303,1423,1800,1863]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">0.05 0.15</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="C0CF6617FF85FFD3FF1E2E6A2DB3FD23" ID-Table-UUID="C0CF6617FF85FFD3FF1E2E6A2DB3FD23" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C0CF6617FF85FFD3FF1E2E6A2DB3FD23" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" targetBox="[151,1436,806,1309]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="940F369FFF85FFD3FF1E2E6A2DB3FD23" blockId="10.[151,1436,583,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF85FFD3FF1E2E6A2D35FDE3" bold="true" box="[151,266,583,607]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Notable differences found by direct examination of the four primary types of the “ 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF85FFD3FB0A2E6528C8FDE3" box="[1155,1271,584,607]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridipennis">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF85FFD3FB0A2E6528C8FDE3" box="[1155,1271,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">iridipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” species group in the Indian subcontinent, other than 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF85FFD3FDA72E452F20FDC3" box="[558,799,616,639]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF85FFD3FDA72E452F20FDC3" box="[558,799,616,639]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Tetragonula ruficornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being the generally lightest and 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF85FFD3FBF72E45293CFDC3" box="[1150,1283,616,639]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeterita">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF85FFD3FBF72E45293CFDC3" box="[1150,1283,616,639]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">T. praeterita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the darkest of the four primary types.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="DCAA6514FF85FFD5FE292E962D4BFE8A" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="413" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" type="description">
<paragraph id="940F369FFF85FFD3FE292E962909FD73" blockId="10.[151,1436,583,789]" box="[416,1334,697,720]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF85FFD3FE292E962909FD73" box="[416,1334,697,720]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF85FFD3FE292E962E18FD73" box="[416,551,697,720]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridipennis">T. iridipennis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF85FFD3FD2B2E962F1FFD73" box="[674,800,698,720]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeterita">T. praeterita</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF85FFD3FC2A2E96281FFD73" box="[931,1056,697,720]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">T. ruficornis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF85FFD3FB2C2E962909FD73" box="[1189,1334,697,720]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bengalensis">T. bengalensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="940F369FFF85FFD3FF162ECC29B7FD4A" blockId="10.[151,1436,583,789]" box="[159,1416,736,758]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Erect setae on vertex dark brown dark brown light brown light or slightly darker</paragraph>
<paragraph id="940F369FFF85FFD3FB2C2ED22D5AFA07" blockId="10.[151,1436,583,789]" lastBlockId="10.[151,583,1407,1467]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
brown 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF85FFD3FF1E29522E78FA24" authority="Smith 1854" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,583,1407,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridipennis">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF85FFD3FF1E29522E78FA24" bold="true" box="[151,583,1407,1432]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF85FFD3FF1E29522D98FA24" bold="true" box="[151,423,1407,1432]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Tetragonula iridipennis</emphasis>
(Smith 1854)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="0C8B2A1AFF85FFD3FF16298E2CDAFA07" box="[159,229,1443,1467]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1904,1927]" captionTargetBox="[213,1359,193,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[213,1360,193,1873]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tetragonula iridipennis (Smith): lectotype of Trigona iridipennis. 4 A. Habitus, dorsal view. 4 B. Frontal view of head. 4 C. View towards propodeum and metasoma. 4 D. Lower frontal view of head, including partially hidden mandibles. 4 E. Mesepisternum 4 F. Lateral view of head, including genal area. 4 G. Outer view of right hind tibia. 4 H. Inner view of right hind tibia. 4 I. Left fore- and hindwing. 4 J. Labels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219395/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Figs 4</figureCitation>
a–j, map 2)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="940F369FFF85FFD3FF162F0B296DFAA1" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<table id="E6B0C43FFF850026FF1E2F0B29A3FAA1" box="[151,1436,806,1309]" gridcols="5" gridrows="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<tr id="2A8034DDFF850026FF1E2F0B29A3FCE7" box="[151,1436,806,859]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<th id="69515DA1FF850026FF1E2F0B2D45FCE7" box="[151,378,806,859]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Plumose hairs on clypeus and frons</th>
<th id="69515DA1FF850026FE292F0B2EB1FCE7" box="[416,654,806,859]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">abundant</th>
<th id="69515DA1FF850026FD2B2F0B2FB0FCE7" box="[674,911,806,859]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">sparse, maybe worn</th>
<th id="69515DA1FF850026FC2A2F0B28AEFCE7" box="[931,1169,806,859]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">abundant</th>
<th id="69515DA1FF850026FB2C2F0B29A3FCE7" box="[1189,1436,806,859]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">abundant</th>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF850026FF1E2F4129A3FC1D" box="[151,1436,876,929]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<th id="69515DA1FF850026FF1E2F412D45FC1D" box="[151,378,876,929]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Mandible</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF850026FE292F412EB1FC1D" box="[416,654,876,929]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">chestnut-brown without black apical area</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF850026FD2B2F412FB0FC1D" box="[674,911,876,929]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">(not visible)</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF850026FC2A2F4128AEFC1D" box="[931,1169,876,929]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">amber-yellow with near black apical area</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF850026FB2C2F4129A3FC1D" box="[1189,1436,876,929]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">amber-yellow with near black apical area</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF850026FF1E2F9F29A3FC5B" box="[151,1436,946,999]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<th id="69515DA1FF850026FF1E2F9F2D45FC5B" box="[151,378,946,999]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Erect setae on margin of scutelum</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF850026FE292F9F2EB1FC5B" box="[416,654,946,999]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">a few dark brown</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF850026FD2B2F9F2FB0FC5B" box="[674,911,946,999]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">very light</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF850026FC2A2F9F28AEFC5B" box="[931,1169,946,999]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">very light</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF850026FB2C2F9F29A3FC5B" box="[1189,1436,946,999]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">very light</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF850026FF1E2FD529A3FB90" box="[151,1436,1016,1068]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<th id="69515DA1FF850026FF1E2FD52D45FB90" box="[151,378,1016,1068]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Pubescence on metasomal T3-T4</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF850026FE292FD52EB1FB90" box="[416,654,1016,1068]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">almost none, except on apical third</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF850026FD2B2FD52FB0FB90" box="[674,911,1016,1068]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">almost none, except on apical third</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF850026FC2A2FD528AEFB90" box="[931,1169,1016,1068]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">sparsely covered</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF850026FB2C2FD529A3FB90" box="[1189,1436,1016,1068]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">almost none, except on apical third</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF850026FF1E281329A3FBCE" box="[151,1436,1086,1138]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<th id="69515DA1FF850026FF1E28132D45FBCE" box="[151,378,1086,1138]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Stout setae of outer surface of hind tibia</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF850026FE2928132EB1FBCE" box="[416,654,1086,1138]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">dark brown</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF850026FD2B28132FB0FBCE" box="[674,911,1086,1138]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">dark brown</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF850026FC2A281328AEFBCE" box="[931,1169,1086,1138]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">white</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF850026FB2C281329A3FBCE" box="[1189,1436,1086,1138]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">brown</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF850026FF1E28AE29A3FB6B" box="[151,1436,1155,1239]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<th id="69515DA1FF850026FF1E28AE2D45FB6B" box="[151,378,1155,1239]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Inner surface of hind basitarsus</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF850026FE2928AE2EB1FB6B" box="[416,654,1155,1239]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">basal sericeous area more than half the length of basitarsus</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF850026FD2B28AE2FB0FB6B" box="[674,911,1155,1239]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">basal sericeous area more than half the length of basitarsus</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF850026FC2A28AE28AEFB6B" box="[931,1169,1155,1239]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">basal sericeous area less than half the length of basitarsus</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF850026FB2C28AE29A3FB6B" box="[1189,1436,1155,1239]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">basal sericeous area more than half the length of basitarsus</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2A8034DDFF850026FF1E28C529A3FAA1" box="[151,1436,1256,1309]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<th id="69515DA1FF850026FF1E28C52D45FAA1" box="[151,378,1256,1309]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Marginal cell of forewing</th>
<td id="69515DA1FF850026FE2928C52EB1FAA1" box="[416,654,1256,1309]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">lightly infuscate, as rest of wing (Fig. 4i)</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF850026FD2B28C52FB0FAA1" box="[674,911,1256,1309]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">lightly infuscate, as rest of wing (Fig. 4i)</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF850026FC2A28C528AEFAA1" box="[931,1169,1256,1309]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">less infuscate, as rest of wing (Fig. 6g)</td>
<td id="69515DA1FF850026FB2C28C529A3FAA1" box="[1189,1436,1256,1309]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">less infuscated, as rest of wing (Fig. 6g)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="940F369FFF85FFD3FF1E29C12806F9E1" blockId="10.[151,1436,1515,1630]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF85FFD3FF1E29C12E15F9BD" authority="Smith 1854: 413" authorityName="Smith" authorityPageNumber="413" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,554,1515,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridipennis">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF85FFD3FF1E29C12D5DF9BD" box="[151,354,1515,1537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Trigona iridipennis</emphasis>
Smith 1854: 413
</taxonomicName>
–414: 
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF85FFD3FDF929C12EE4F9BD" box="[624,731,1516,1537]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" type="lectotype">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF85FFD3FDF929C12EE4F9BD" bold="true" box="[624,731,1516,1537]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Lectotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
(BMNH 17b.1114, worker): examined, “ 
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF85FFD3FB2A29C128E7F9BD" box="[1187,1240,1516,1537]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Type</typeStatus>
” (orange border), “ 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF85FFD3FF592A272D01F99C" box="[208,318,1546,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridipennis">iridipennis</taxonomicName>
/ 
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF85FFD3FEDB2A262DBBF99C" box="[338,388,1547,1568]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Type</typeStatus>
Sm.”, “B.M. 
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF85FFD3FD862A262E71F99C" box="[527,590,1547,1568]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">TYPE</typeStatus>
/ HYM. / 17B.1114”, “ 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF85FFD3FCB12A262F93F99C" box="[824,940,1547,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">TRIGONA</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF85FFD3FC362A272814F99C" box="[959,1067,1546,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridipennis">iridipennis</taxonomicName>
/ 
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF85FFD3FBB62A2628BDF99C" box="[1087,1154,1547,1568]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">TYPE</typeStatus>
. Smith.”, “ 
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF85FFD3FB662A272904F99C" box="[1263,1339,1546,1568]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Ceylon</collectingCountry>
” (reverse side “53 / 23”). In addition “ 
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF85FFD3FE6F2A042E47F982" box="[486,632,1577,1598]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF85FFD3FDF62A052846F982" authority="Smith Design. JS Moure 1961" authorityName="Smith Design. JS Moure" authorityYear="1961" box="[639,1145,1576,1598]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridipennis">Trigona iridipennis Smith Design. JS Moure 1961</taxonomicName>
/ C Rasmussen 2013”; 
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF85FFD3FAEE2A042D20F9E2" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF85FFD3FAEE2A0429A5F982" box="[1383,1434,1577,1598]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF85FFD3FEAD2A652D92F9E1" box="[292,429,1608,1629]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">SRI LANKA</collectingCountry>
, Central Province, Kandy [ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="F1845058FF85FFD3FD6D2A652F0FF9E1" box="[740,816,1608,1629]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" precision="555" value="7.27">7.27°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="F1845058FF85FFD3FCB02A6A2FB1F9E1" box="[825,910,1607,1629]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" precision="555" value="80.6">80.60°E</geoCoordinate>
, ca. 
<quantity id="53489B7AFF85FFD3FC352A6A2FC9F9E1" box="[956,1014,1607,1629]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.67" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" unit="m" value="467.0">467m</quantity>
a.s.l.].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="940F369FFF85FFD3FF1E2AA72FA3F822" blockId="10.[151,1437,1674,1950]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF85FFD3FF1E2AA72D13F91E" bold="true" box="[151,300,1674,1698]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Provenance:</emphasis>
Frederick Smith (
<date id="E00E105FFF85FFD3FD832AA72EB4F91E" box="[522,651,1674,1698]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" value="1805" valueMax="1879">1805–1879</date>
) described this species merely as from 
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF85FFD3FBFB2AA728D9F91E" box="[1138,1254,1674,1698]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
(then 
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF85FFD3FAB32AA729AFF91E" box="[1338,1424,1674,1698]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Ceylon</collectingCountry>
). However, the label code of the 
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF85FFD3FE782A832E68F97A" box="[497,599,1710,1734]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
indicates that the specimen was purchased by the Natural History Museum in London as part of lot 
<quantity id="53489B7AFF85FFD3FE272AFF2DD6F956" box="[430,489,1746,1770]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" unit="in" value="23.0">23 in</quantity>
1853. According to the register at the museum, this lot was sold by Hugh Cuming (
<date id="E00E105FFF85FFD3FF162ADB2D1DF8B2" box="[159,290,1782,1806]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" value="1791" valueMax="1865">1791–1865</date>
), an insect dealer from London, and originated from 
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF85FFD3FCFF2ADB2FDBF8B2" box="[886,996,1782,1806]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
where it had been collected by George Henry Kendrick Thwaites (
<date id="E00E105FFF85FFD3FE462B372E6DF88E" box="[463,594,1818,1842]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" value="1811" valueMax="1882">1811–1882</date>
). Thwaites went to 
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF85FFD3FCBD2B372F9CF88E" box="[820,931,1818,1842]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
in 1849 as director or superintendent of the historical and important Royal Botanical Gardens of Peradeniya, near the city of Kandy in the Central Province (Anon 1882a, 1882b). Presumably the 
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF85FFD3FDCE2B4E2E48F8C7" box="[583,631,1891,1915]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">type</typeStatus>
specimen must have been collected around this area, although Thwaites also traveled to other parts of 
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF85FFD3FE6C2BAB2E6CF822" box="[485,595,1926,1950]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
during his time in 
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF85FFD3FCAE2BAB2FA6F822" box="[807,921,1926,1950]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C0CF6617FF84FFD2FF1E2B5D2E5CF85F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219395/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" targetBox="[213,1359,193,1872]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="940F369FFF84FFD2FF1E2B5D2E5CF85F" blockId="11.[151,1436,1904,2019]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF84FFD2FF1E2B5D2D32F83A" bold="true" box="[151,269,1904,1927]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF84FFD2FE952B5C2E5AF83B" authority="Smith" authorityName="Smith" box="[284,613,1905,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridipennis">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF84FFD2FE952B5C2E33F83B" box="[284,524,1905,1927]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Tetragonula iridipennis</emphasis>
(Smith)
</taxonomicName>
: lectotype of 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF84FFD2FD782B5F2F89F83B" box="[753,950,1905,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridipennis">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF84FFD2FD782B5F2F89F83B" box="[753,950,1905,1927]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Trigona iridipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF84FFD2FC4D2B5C2FDBF83A" bold="true" box="[964,996,1905,1926]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">4A</emphasis>
. Habitus, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF84FFD2FB582B5C28D0F83A" bold="true" box="[1233,1263,1905,1926]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">4B</emphasis>
. Frontal view of head. 
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF84FFD2FF5A2BA22CCDF81A" bold="true" box="[211,242,1935,1958]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">4C</emphasis>
. View towards propodeum and metasoma. 
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF84FFD2FD202BBD2EF6F819" bold="true" box="[681,713,1936,1957]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">4D</emphasis>
. Lower frontal view of head, including partially hidden mandibles. 
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF84FFD2FAF12BBD29AAF819" bold="true" box="[1400,1429,1936,1957]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">4E</emphasis>
. Mesepisternum 
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF84FFD2FEB02B832D6BF87F" bold="true" box="[313,340,1966,1987]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">4F</emphasis>
. Lateral view of head, including genal area. 
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF84FFD2FC932B832F08F879" bold="true" box="[794,823,1966,1989]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">4G</emphasis>
. Outer view of right hind tibia. 
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF84FFD2FBF52B8328A3F87F" bold="true" box="[1148,1180,1966,1987]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">4H</emphasis>
. Inner view of right hind tibia. 
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF84FFD2FF592BE02CD8F85E" bold="true" box="[208,231,1997,2018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">4I</emphasis>
. Left fore- and hindwing. 
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF84FFD2FE7A2BE02E33F85E" bold="true" box="[499,524,1997,2018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">4J</emphasis>
. Labels.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="940F369FFF83FFD5FF4E2CB52D4BFE8A" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,310]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF83FFD5FF4E2CB52D79FF0C" bold="true" box="[199,326,152,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF83FFD5FF4E2CB52D7EFF0C" box="[199,321,152,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Smith (1854) did not state how many specimens he saw of 
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF83FFD5FC602CB42841FF0C" box="[1001,1150,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridipennis">
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF83FFD5FC602CB42841FF0C" box="[1001,1150,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">T. iridipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the case of additional 
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF83FFD5FF1E2C972CF8FF6E" box="[151,199,186,210]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">type</typeStatus>
specimens (or 
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF83FFD5FEF22C942DE0FF6D" box="[379,479,185,209]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
) it is therefore necessary to designate a 
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF83FFD5FC312C942821FF6D" box="[952,1054,185,209]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
to stabilize the future use of the name. However, as Moure (1961) already referred to the above specimen as the 
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF83FFD5FBA72CF728ACFF4E" box="[1070,1171,218,242]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, the ICZN Article 74.6 (ICZN 1999) allows the inference by Moure (1961) as a valid 
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF83FFD5FCD82CD12F87FEA8" box="[849,952,252,276]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designation, as the original description did not imply 
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF83FFD5FE832D332D4FFE8A" box="[266,368,286,310]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>