259 lines
31 KiB
XML
259 lines
31 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="4F3ECA6839F3E22F71D41C3E8A2E5C2E">The type specimens, type localities and nomenclature of Sarcoramphus vultures (Aves: Cathartidae), with a note on their speciation</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AF4DE28C26F9F11995ACCADED4D35CBD">Mlíkovský, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03D97D04FFACB652FF43B0AED5C0FA46" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6115865" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119596285" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6115865" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D97D04FFACB652FF43B0AED5C0FA46" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D97D04FFACB652FF43B0AED5C0FA46" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="581" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">
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<subSubSection id="C36A9F99FFACB652FF43B0AED5C0FA46" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="581" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCFCC12FFACB651FF43B0AED30AF951" blockId="1.[151,537,1724,1751]" box="[151,537,1724,1751]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">
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<heading id="D0877B7EFFACB651FF43B0AED30AF951" bold="true" box="[151,537,1724,1751]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFACB651FF43B0AED30AF951" ID-CoL="6XMVS" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[151,537,1724,1751]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Sarcoramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papa">
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFACB651FF43B0AED30AF951" bold="true" box="[151,537,1724,1751]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFACB651FF43B0AED098F950" bold="true" box="[151,395,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">Sarcoramphus papa</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCFCC12FFACB651FF43B116D5E9F8C6" blockId="1.[151,1437,1796,2037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFACB651FF43B116D068F89B" author="Linnaeus" box="[151,379,1796,1821]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per tria regna naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. 10 th Revised Edition. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae (Stockholm), 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus (1758: 86)</bibRefCitation>
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called this species
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFACB651FD83B116D3CCF89A" authority="Papa" authorityName="Papa" box="[599,735,1796,1820]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFACB651FD83B116D3CCF89A" box="[599,735,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">Vultur Papa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and described it on the basis of the "
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFACB651FB55B116D5DFF89B" box="[1153,1228,1796,1821]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Vultur</taxonomicName>
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elegans" of "
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFACB651FAB1B116D1A4F8C6" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">Edw. av.</emphasis>
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2.
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFACB651FF0DB13BD1F4F8C6" box="[217,231,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">t.</emphasis>
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2" [=
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFACB651FEFBB13AD0C7F8C6" author="Edwards" box="[303,468,1832,1857]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" refString="Edwards, G. (1743) A natural history of birds. Vol. 1. The Author, London, xxiv + 53 pp. + 52 pls." type="book" year="1743">Edwards 1743</bibRefCitation>
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: pl. 2] and the "
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFACB651FD57B13AD3C3F8C7" box="[643,720,1832,1857]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Vultur</taxonomicName>
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" of "
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFACB651FCDDB13AD24DF8C6" box="[777,862,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">Alb. av.</emphasis>
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2.
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFACB651FC54B13BD285F8C6" box="[896,918,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">p.</emphasis>
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4.
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFACB651FC6CB13BD2DBF8C6" box="[952,968,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">t.</emphasis>
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4" [=
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFACB651FBDAB13AD582F8C6" author="Albin" box="[1038,1169,1832,1857]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" refString="Albin, E. (1738) A natural history of birds. Vol. 2. W. Innys and R. Manby, London, [6] + 92 + [2] pp." type="journal article" year="1738">Albin 1738</bibRefCitation>
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: 4, pl. 4].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCFCC12FFACB652FF13B15ED292FDE6" blockId="1.[151,1437,1796,2037]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,1472]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="581" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFACB651FF13B15ED04EF8E2" author="Albin" box="[199,349,1868,1893]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" refString="Albin, E. (1738) A natural history of birds. Vol. 2. W. Innys and R. Manby, London, [6] + 92 + [2] pp." type="journal article" year="1738">Albin (1738)</bibRefCitation>
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did not call his bird "
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFACB651FDBEB15ED3A4F8E3" box="[618,695,1868,1893]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Vultur</taxonomicName>
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" (
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFACB651FD00B15FD20EF8E2" box="[724,797,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">contra</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFACB651FCFEB15ED2CBF8E3" author="Linnaeus" box="[810,984,1868,1893]" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per tria regna naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. 10 th Revised Edition. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae (Stockholm), 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
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: 86), but "The Warwovwen, or Indian Vulture". He said that he saw this bird "at the
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFACB651FD48B162D3FCF801" box="[668,751,1904,1927]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">George</emphasis>
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tavern at
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFACB651FC8BB162D515F80E" box="[863,1030,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">Charing-Cross</emphasis>
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" [= Charing Cross, now in London,
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<collectingCountry id="F3678C82FFACB651FF43B186D1E4F82B" box="[151,247,1940,1965]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">England</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE44AAD5FFACB651FED1B186D075F82B" box="[261,358,1940,1965]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" precision="555" value="51.51">51.51°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE44AAD5FFACB651FEA0B186D0C2F82A" box="[372,465,1940,1964]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" precision="555" value="-0.13">0.13°W</geoCoordinate>
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]. He was told by the keepers of the bird that it was "brought by a
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFACB651FB0AB186D430F82A" box="[1246,1315,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">Dutch</emphasis>
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ship from
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFACB651FF43B1AAD00DF856" box="[151,286,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">Pallampank</emphasis>
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in the
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFACB651FEBFB1AAD0F8F856" box="[363,491,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">East-Indies</emphasis>
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". There are several cities of a similar name in that region, but Albin’s “Pallampank” was almost certainly Palembang, southeastern Sumatra,
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<collectingCountry id="F3678C82FFACB651FCC5B1CED26DF873" box="[785,894,2012,2037]" name="Indonesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="580">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE44AAD5FFACB651FC59B1CED2CEF872" box="[909,989,2012,2036]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" precision="555" value="-2.99">2.99°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE44AAD5FFACB651FC3DB1CED545F873" box="[1001,1110,2012,2037]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="580" precision="555" value="104.76">104.76°E</geoCoordinate>
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), an important Dutch trading center at the time (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FEBEB685D31EFF36" author="Ricklefs" box="[362,525,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Ricklefs, M. C. (1981) A history of modern Indonesia since c. 1200. MacMillan Press, London, xii + 335 pp." type="book" year="1981">Ricklefs 1981</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FDF5B685D3A0FF36" author="Albin" box="[545,691,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Albin, E. (1738) A natural history of birds. Vol. 2. W. Innys and R. Manby, London, [6] + 92 + [2] pp." type="journal article" year="1738">Albin (1738)</bibRefCitation>
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did not record a date when he saw or painted this bird, but he did not include this painting in the first volume of his
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFAFB652FD1DB6AED2C9FF52" box="[713,986,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Natural History of Birds</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FC3DB6AED57EFF52" author="Albin" box="[1001,1133,188,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Albin, E. (1731) A natural history of birds. Vol. 1. [The Author], London, vi + 100 pp." type="book" year="1731">Albin 1731</bibRefCitation>
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); it is thus probable that he encountered the bird at Charing Cross during
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<date id="FFCEEAD2FFAFB652FD41B6F2D204FF7E" box="[661,791,224,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" value="1731" valueMax="1738">1731–1738</date>
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. The bird figured by Albin is undoubtedly a vulture of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAFB652FF0BB716D092FE9A" box="[223,385,260,284]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Sarcoramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFAFB652FF0BB716D092FE9A" box="[223,385,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Sarcoramphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which is confined to the Americas. It is thus highly improbable that the bird seen by Albin at Charing Cross would have originated from
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<collectingCountry id="F3678C82FFAFB652FD50B735D3E6FEC6" box="[644,757,295,320]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FCD4B735D2A3FEC6" author="Albin" box="[768,944,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Albin, E. (1738) A natural history of birds. Vol. 2. W. Innys and R. Manby, London, [6] + 92 + [2] pp." type="journal article" year="1738">Albin (1738: 4)</bibRefCitation>
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mentioned that this vulture was kept at the George tavern together with "the
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFAFB652FDCAB75ED3B7FEE5" box="[542,676,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Cassowares</emphasis>
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", i.e., at least one cassowary (
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAFB652FBDAB75ED592FEE5" box="[1038,1153,332,355]" class="Aves" family="Casuariidae" genus="Casuarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Struthioniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFAFB652FBDAB75ED592FEE5" box="[1038,1153,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Casuarius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.; Aves:
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAFB652FAD3B75ED483FEE3" box="[1287,1424,332,357]" class="Aves" family="Casuariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Struthioniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Casuariidae</taxonomicName>
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), member of a genus confined to northern
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<collectingCountry id="F3678C82FFAFB652FD89B77DD3D0FE0E" box="[605,707,367,392]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Australia</collectingCountry>
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and New
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<collectingCountry id="F3678C82FFAFB652FCE1B77DD29AFE0E" box="[821,905,367,392]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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. Thus, the keepers of the Charing Cross vulture might have known the origin of their cassowary (or cassowaries), might have believed that the vulture was of the same origin, and accordingly might have misinformed Albin. Alternatively, the vulture indeed could have come with a Dutch ship from Palembang. Vultures are long-lived birds (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FCADB7CED580FE72" author="Wasser" box="[889,1171,476,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Wasser, D. E. & Sherman, P. W. (2010) Avian longevities and their interpretation under evolutionary theories of senescence. Journal of Zoology, 280, 103 - 155. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.2009.00671. x" type="journal article" year="2010">Wasser & Sherman 2010</bibRefCitation>
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) and seamen have been known to take bird pets with them. The Charing Cross vulture thus might have been caught somewhere in the Americas, brought to Palembang and from there soon or much later by the same or by another ship to
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<collectingCountry id="F3678C82FFAFB652FAD2B436D474FDBB" box="[1286,1383,548,573]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">England</collectingCountry>
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. The fate of the bird after Albin saw it at the George tavern is unknown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCFCC12FFAFB652FF13B47ED096FCBE" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FF13B47ED08EFD02" author="Edwards" box="[199,413,620,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Edwards, G. (1743) A natural history of birds. Vol. 1. The Author, London, xxiv + 53 pp. + 52 pls." type="book" year="1743">Edwards (1743: 2)</bibRefCitation>
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did not call his bird "
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAFB652FD4AB47ED3FAFD03" box="[670,745,620,645]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Vultur</taxonomicName>
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elegans" (
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFAFB652FCB1B47FD2BDFD02" box="[869,942,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">contra</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FC6CB47ED577FD03" author="Linnaeus" box="[952,1124,620,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per tria regna naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. 10 th Revised Edition. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae (Stockholm), 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
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: 86), but "The King of the Vultures". He added the name "
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAFB652FE21B49DD32CFD2E" box="[501,575,655,680]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Vultur</taxonomicName>
|
||
elegans" only later (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FCF1B49DD2E9FD2E" author="Edward" box="[805,1018,655,680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Edwards, G. (1747) A natural history of birds. Vol. 2. The Author, London, viii + 76 pp. + 53 pls. [pp. i - viii, + 53 - 128 + pls. 53 - 105]" type="book chapter" year="1747">Edward 1747: 125</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3678C82FFAFB652FBD9B482D53FFD2E" box="[1037,1068,656,680]" name="American Samoa" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
regards the bird which served as the model for his painting,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FE05B4A6D3B5FD4A" author="Edwards" box="[465,678,692,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Edwards, G. (1743) A natural history of birds. Vol. 1. The Author, London, xxiv + 53 pp. + 52 pls." type="book" year="1743">Edwards (1743: 2)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
said: "This Bird I drew at
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFAFB652FC0BB4A7D57CFD4A" box="[991,1135,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Hans Sloane</emphasis>
|
||
's, where it lived for some Years." An inscription in Edwards's (1743) plate 2 indicates that he painted the bird in 1739. Hans Sloane (
|
||
<date id="FFCEEAD2FFAFB652FF4BB4EED00CFC93" box="[159,287,764,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" value="1660" valueMax="1753">1660–1753</date>
|
||
) was an Irish-born physician and naturalist, who lived in Chelsea (now part of London,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3678C82FFAFB652FACEB4EED457FC92" box="[1306,1348,764,788]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">UK</collectingCountry>
|
||
) at that time (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FF03B532D06AFCBE" author="De" box="[215,377,799,824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="De Beer, G. R. (1953) Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum. Oxford University Press, London, 192 pp." type="book" year="1953">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3678C82FFAFB652FF03B532D1EAFCBE" box="[215,249,800,824]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">De</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3678C82FFAFB652FED5B532D025FCB1" box="[257,310,800,823]" name="Senegal" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Beer</collectingCountry>
|
||
1953
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFCC12FFAFB652FF13B556D59DFBFB" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FF13B556D089FCDA" author="Edwards" box="[199,410,836,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Edwards, G. (1743) A natural history of birds. Vol. 1. The Author, London, xxiv + 53 pp. + 52 pls." type="book" year="1743">Edwards (1743: 2)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was told by the keepers of the vulture that the bird came from the East Indies, but he was informed by "Mr.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFAFB652FEB0B57BD0B1FC06" box="[356,418,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Perry</emphasis>
|
||
, a great Dealer in foreign Birds and Beasts," that such birds are imported to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3678C82FFAFB652FAD1B575D471FC06" box="[1285,1378,871,896]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
only from "
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3678C82FFAFB652FF09B59ED050FC23" box="[221,323,908,933]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
" and he thus suggested that Sloane's bird also had originated from the “West Indies”, i.e., from the Americas. Current knowledge of the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAFB652FD0EB5A2D26FFC4E" box="[730,892,944,968]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Sarcoramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFAFB652FD0EB5A2D26FFC4E" box="[730,892,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Sarcoramphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vultures clearly supports Edwards's opinion, but the exact locality where Sloane's bird was caught remains unknown.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FC6BB5C6D5D2FC6A" author="Berlepsch" box="[959,1217,980,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Berlepsch, H. von (1908) On the birds of Cayenne. Novitates Zoologicae, 15, 103 - 164, 261 - 324." type="journal article" year="1908">Berlepsch (1908: 289)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
restricted the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB72B0FFAFB652FAB8B5C7D48FFC6B" box="[1388,1436,981,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAFB652FEC2B5EAD08DFB96" box="[278,414,1016,1040]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFAFB652FEC2B5EAD08DFB96" box="[278,414,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Vultur papa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to "
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3678C82FFAFB652FE05B5E5D326FB96" box="[465,565,1015,1040]" name="Suriname" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Surinam</collectingCountry>
|
||
" without explanation. Such restrictions were a permitted tool in zoological nomenclature until the Second Edition of the
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFAFB652FD10B20ED5E4FBB2" box="[708,1271,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">International Code of Zoological Nomenclature</emphasis>
|
||
(ICZN 1964, Recommendation 72E), but were annulled by the Fourth Edition of the same Code (ICZN 1999), which did not recognize this manner of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB72B0FFAFB652FE67B277D0F0FBFB" box="[435,483,1125,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality restriction. Berlepsch's (1908) action is thus invalid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFCC12FFAFB652FF13B295D5C0FA46" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">
|
||
The above review shows that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FDC7B295D3D8FB26" author="Linnaeus" box="[531,715,1159,1184]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per tria regna naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. 10 th Revised Edition. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae (Stockholm), 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus (1758)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based his
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAFB652FC94B29BD26BFB26" box="[832,888,1161,1184]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFAFB652FC94B29BD26BFB26" box="[832,888,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">papa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
upon two individuals, figured from life by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FA88B295D1F2FB42" author="Albin" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Albin, E. (1738) A natural history of birds. Vol. 2. W. Innys and R. Manby, London, [6] + 92 + [2] pp." type="journal article" year="1738">Albin (1738)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FECCB2BED0DEFB42" author="Edwards" box="[280,461,1196,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Edwards, G. (1743) A natural history of birds. Vol. 1. The Author, London, xxiv + 53 pp. + 52 pls." type="book" year="1743">Edwards (1743)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, respectively. Both were kept in captivity in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3678C82FFAFB652FC14B2BED50EFB43" box="[960,1053,1196,1221]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the 1730s, but their geographic origins and their fates are unknown. These two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB72B0FFAFB652FD62B2C3D20BFB6F" box="[694,792,1233,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
were believed to belong to a single species until
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FA99B2DDD053FA8A" author="Snyder" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Snyder, N. F. R. & Fry, J. T. (2013) Validity of Bartram's Painted Vulture (Aves: Cathartidae). Zootaxa, 3613, 61 - 82. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3613.1.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Snyder and Fry (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that Albin's specimen belonged to a species different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAFB652FB81B2E6D5C8FA8A" box="[1109,1243,1268,1292]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFAFB652FB81B2E6D5C8FA8A" box="[1109,1243,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Vultur papa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This means that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FF43B305D043FAB6" author="Linnaeus" box="[151,336,1303,1328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per tria regna naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. 10 th Revised Edition. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae (Stockholm), 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus (1758)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
would have based his
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAFB652FD80B30AD3CAFAB6" box="[596,729,1304,1328]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFAFB652FD80B30AD3CAFAB6" box="[596,729,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Vultur papa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
upon a composite
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB72B0FFAFB652FC65B30BD2F2FAB7" box="[945,993,1305,1329]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series and that the taxonomic meaning of this nominal species must be fixed by lectotypification (Art. 74 of the Code). To save the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAFB652FAEEB32FD461FAD2" box="[1338,1394,1341,1364]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFAFB652FAEEB32FD461FAD2" box="[1338,1394,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">papa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FEF9B34DD31CFAFE" author="Linnaeus" box="[301,527,1375,1400]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per tria regna naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. 10 th Revised Edition. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae (Stockholm), 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus (1758: 86)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in the binomen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAFB652FD17B372D254FAFE" box="[707,839,1376,1400]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFAFB652FD17B372D254FAFE" box="[707,839,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Vultur papa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in the currently prevailing meaning, I designate here the specimen figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FE68B396D3AFFA1A" author="Edwards" box="[444,700,1412,1437]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Edwards, G. (1743) A natural history of birds. Vol. 1. The Author, London, xxiv + 53 pp. + 52 pls." type="book" year="1743">Edwards (1743: pl. 2)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB72B0FFAFB652FCC2B396D26EFA1B" box="[790,893,1412,1437]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAFB652FC7EB396D5E2FA1B" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[938,1265,1412,1437]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFAFB652FC7EB396D521FA1A" box="[938,1074,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Vultur papa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FBE9B396D5E2FA1B" author="Linnaeus" box="[1085,1265,1412,1437]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per tria regna naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. 10 th Revised Edition. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae (Stockholm), 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Herewith, the specimen figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FE56B3B5D347FA46" author="Albin" box="[386,596,1447,1472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Albin, E. (1738) A natural history of birds. Vol. 2. W. Innys and R. Manby, London, [6] + 92 + [2] pp." type="journal article" year="1738">Albin (1738: pl. 4)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
becomes a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB72B0FFAFB652FD0CB3B5D27CFA46" box="[728,879,1447,1472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAFB652FC40B3BAD5DCFA46" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[916,1231,1447,1472]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFAFB652FC40B3BAD50BFA46" box="[916,1048,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Vultur papa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FBCBB3B5D5DCFA46" author="Linnaeus" box="[1055,1231,1447,1472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per tria regna naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. 10 th Revised Edition. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae (Stockholm), 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |