1007 lines
118 KiB
XML
1007 lines
118 KiB
XML
<document id="AA4D4BA5FFF67408C902D0345AF886BC" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.05.015" ID-ISSN="1873-3700" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10486669" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1704949530474" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Augustine, Rehna & Bisht, Naveen C." docDate="2015" docId="03A787AAB501FF9914203669F527D75E" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytochemistry.117.43-50.pdf" docOrigin="Phytochemistry 117 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.05.015" docStyle="DocumentStyle:9E596C34F4E94307D29315B03ACE1007.6:Phytochemistry.2014-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="9E596C34F4E94307D29315B03ACE1007" docStyleName="Phytochemistry.2014-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Brassica juncea Czern." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FF9EFFD2B503FF9C1452321FF050D374" masterDocTitle="Biotic elicitors and mechanical damage modulate glucosinolate accumulation by co-ordinated interplay of glucosinolate biosynthesis regulators in polyploid Brassica juncea" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1705591445662" updateUser="jonas">
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<mods:title id="3816CF35BEE02CBA6AAF45AE4FDD1832">Biotic elicitors and mechanical damage modulate glucosinolate accumulation by co-ordinated interplay of glucosinolate biosynthesis regulators in polyploid Brassica juncea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E0E3F233EA9F809DF96F27DC3910D96E">Augustine, Rehna</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9D37A20B4C3418D0AB6592D2653502A4">Bisht, Naveen C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EEC31F5F64E24E7705F909BAA7629518">Phytochemistry</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CA4A0745B03A2F579C683A64583D8E90">
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<mods:date id="70AC2C19B8C4660FFF25F6165BA4AA64">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4E5EBD9710AC7BA2C3925AD1274770B9">2015-09-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="60943BE4853E88D89E1D683D6782D1AD">117</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="868507626F40F91C72D449479B7D80CD" type="DOI">10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.05.015</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1DDC2C92685196926C1613A38DBD2F94" type="ISSN">1873-3700</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C3146537B501FF9E14203669F35FD7FE" box="[114,783,1142,1162]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="D0F981D0B501FF9E14203669F35FD7FE" box="[114,783,1142,1162]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E14203669F35FD7FE" box="[114,783,1142,1162]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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2.1. Effect of biotic elicitors on glucosinolate accumulation in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB501FF9E16EB3669F35FD7FE" ID-CoL="N7ZK" authority="(L.) Czern." authorityName="Czern." baseAuthorityName="L." box="[697,783,1142,1162]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">B. juncea</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3146537B501FF9914C336B1F527D75E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BB136BCB501FF9E14C336B1F466D140" blockId="2.[113,784,1198,1413]" lastBlockId="2.[831,1501,178,1484]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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The effect of various elicitor molecules (MeJA, SA, Glu and wounding) on the accumulation and profile of glucosinolates in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB501FF9E142336FAF09FD78D" box="[113,207,1253,1273]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
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<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E142336FAF09FD78D" box="[113,207,1253,1273]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">B. juncea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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seedlings was studied in a time course experiment. There was a quantitative variation in both content and profile of glucosinolates in the treated samples as compared to the untreated control seedlings. Under MeJA treatment, there was a significant difference in total glucosinolate content (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13352A39B501FF9E16593749F210D61D" box="[523,576,1366,1385]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[113,139,1862,1876]" captionTargetBox="[147,751,1446,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-1065@2.[146,751,1446,1833]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Accumulation of glucosinolates under various elicitor treatments in a time course experiment in B. juncea seedlings. Total aliphatic and indole glucosinolates content (µmoles g ―1 dry wt.) after 6 h, 24 h and 48 h of treatment, as estimated by HPLC. Bars are drawn based on the mean of three independent experiments and error bars represent standard deviation. Asterisks (⁄) indicate values significantly different from control at P <0.05. Letters OE and β represent significant difference at P <0.05 for aliphatic and indole glucosinolates, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10486673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10486673/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). Total glucosinolate levels were elevated to a maximum of 1.8-fold (68.5 µmoles g
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<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E178132ADF38FD3CB" box="[979,991,178,191]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">―</emphasis>
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1
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dry wt. against 37.2 µmoles g
|
||
<superScript id="7C7B9BF4B501FF9E117A32ADF56DD3CA" attach="left" box="[1320,1341,178,191]" fontSize="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E117A32ADF564D3CB" box="[1320,1332,178,191]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">―</emphasis>
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1
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dry wt. of the control) after 24 h of treatment. Upon SA addition, there was a significant decline in total glucosinolate content when analyzed after 6 h. However there was a marginal enhancement (up to 1.3 folds) after 24 h and 48 h post SA addition. Exogenously supplied Glu was also found to increase glucosinolate content. The total glucosinolate content was raised to 1.6-fold and further to 1.9-fold after 6 h and 24 h of Glu treatment respectively, although the levels declined after 48 h of treatment. Mechanical injury, given as wounding was found to have the most pronounced effect on total glucosinolate accumulation. After 6 h of wounding, total glucosinolates levels was enhanced by 1.6-fold which reached its peak after 24 h to 2.1 folds (79.5 µmoles g
|
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<superScript id="7C7B9BF4B501FF9E1029301FF4C0D179" attach="left" box="[1147,1168,512,525]" fontSize="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E1029301FF4D7D179" box="[1147,1159,512,525]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">―</emphasis>
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1
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dry wt.) followed by a decline to normal levels after 48 h.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB136BCB501FF9E170C3022F4A8D77A" blockId="2.[831,1501,178,1484]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Aliphatic glucosinolates constitute the major fraction of glucosinolate pool (ca. 90%) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB501FF9E10603047F4DAD118" box="[1074,1162,600,620]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
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||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E10603047F4DAD118" box="[1074,1162,600,620]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">B. juncea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. When the pools of aliphatic and indole glucosinolates were analyzed independently, it was also found that although both aliphatic and indole glucosinolates were induced by these elicitors, indole glucosinolates had a more profound effect, contributing majorly toward increased levels of total glucosinolates. Interestingly, aliphatic glucosinolates were induced maximally by Glu and wounding whereas all the tested biotic elicitors significantly enhanced the accumulation of indole glucosinolates. Overall, MeJA treatment was found to be the strongest inducer of indole glucosinolates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13352A39B501FF9E10DF314BF493D013" box="[1165,1219,852,871]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[113,139,1862,1876]" captionTargetBox="[147,751,1446,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-1065@2.[146,751,1446,1833]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Accumulation of glucosinolates under various elicitor treatments in a time course experiment in B. juncea seedlings. Total aliphatic and indole glucosinolates content (µmoles g ―1 dry wt.) after 6 h, 24 h and 48 h of treatment, as estimated by HPLC. Bars are drawn based on the mean of three independent experiments and error bars represent standard deviation. Asterisks (⁄) indicate values significantly different from control at P <0.05. Letters OE and β represent significant difference at P <0.05 for aliphatic and indole glucosinolates, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10486673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10486673/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Another significant observation was that, maximum accumulation of aliphatic glucosinolates occurred up to 24 h post treatment and declined thereafter. In contrast, indole glucosinolates showed a prolonged effect showing highest accumulation up to 48 h. In general, 24 h treatment was found to be optimum for enhancement of both aliphatic and indole glucosinolates in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB501FF9E106431E5F4DDD77A" box="[1078,1165,1018,1038]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
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||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E106431E5F4DDD77A" box="[1078,1165,1018,1038]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">B. juncea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
seedlings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136BCB501FF9E170C3608F3E8D6B8" blockId="2.[831,1501,178,1484]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Our results corroborated the hypothesis that glucosinolates are important components of plant defense against pest and diseases in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB501FF9E17093651F3E5D716" box="[859,949,1102,1122]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E17093651F3E5D716" box="[859,949,1102,1122]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">B. juncea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Similar results were reported previously from other crops like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB501FF9E17F93675F42FD70A" box="[939,1151,1130,1150]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="rapa" subSpecies="chinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E17F93675F3A1D70A" box="[939,1009,1130,1150]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">B. rapa</emphasis>
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E107A3675F42FD70A" box="[1064,1151,1130,1150]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">chinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which increased accumulation of total glucosinolates, particularly indole glucosinolates, was observed after 48 h of treatment with MeJA and methyl SA (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB501FF9E171536A1F443D7A6" author="Wiesner, M. & Hanschen, F. S. & Schreiner, M. & Glatt, H. & Zrenner, R." box="[839,1043,1214,1234]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" pagination="14996 - 15016" refId="ref9247" refString="Wiesner, M., Hanschen, F. S., Schreiner, M., Glatt, H., Zrenner, R., 2013. Induced production of 1 - methoxy-indol- 3 - ylmethyl glucosinolate by jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate in sprouts and leaves of pak choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 14, 14996 - 15016." type="journal article" year="2013">Wiesner et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB501FF9E107A36A0F4A2D7A6" author="Baenas, N. & Garcia-Viguera, C. & Moreno, D. A." box="[1064,1266,1214,1234]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" pagination="1881 - 1889" refId="ref7219" refString="Baenas, N., Garcia-Viguera, C., Moreno, D. A., 2014. Biotic elicitors effectively increase the glucosinolates content in Brassicaceae sprouts. J. Agric. Food Chem. 62, 1881 - 1889." type="journal article" year="2014">Baenas et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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showed that 8 day old sprouts of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB501FF9E17F836C6F41ED799" box="[938,1102,1241,1261]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oleracea">
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<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E17F836C6F41ED799" box="[938,1102,1241,1261]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Brassica oleracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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(broccoli),
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB501FF9E10ED36C6F540D799" box="[1215,1296,1241,1261]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="napus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E10ED36C6F540D799" box="[1215,1296,1241,1261]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">B. napus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(rutabaga cabbage),
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB501FF9E176D36EAF3D5D67D" box="[831,901,1269,1289]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rapa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E176D36EAF3D5D67D" box="[831,901,1269,1289]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">B. rapa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(turnip), and
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB501FF9E104536EAF491D67D" box="[1047,1217,1269,1289]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Raphanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativus">
|
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<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E104536EAF491D67D" box="[1047,1217,1269,1289]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Raphanus sativus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F319762CB501FF9E108236E9F55BD67D" box="[1232,1291,1270,1289]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
rose radish and red radish) effectively accumulate higher levels of glucosinolates upon treatment with the phytohormones JA, MeJA and sugars. Our study demonstrates that although both aliphatic as well as indole glucosinolates can be effectively induced with biotic elicitors, indole glucosinolates showed prolonged and higher levels of induction suggesting a more significant role during pest and pathogen attack in
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E170B37A7F3E8D6B8" box="[857,952,1464,1484]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB501FF9E170B37A7F3E3D6B8" box="[857,947,1464,1484]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">B. juncea</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136BCB501FF9E176D37EFF5E7D570" blockId="2.[831,1463,1520,1540]" box="[831,1463,1520,1540]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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<heading id="D0F981D0B501FF9E176D37EFF5E7D570" box="[831,1463,1520,1540]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E176D37EFF5E7D570" box="[831,1463,1520,1540]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">2.2. Analysis of glucosinolate profile after treatment with elicitors</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136BCB501FF9F170C3436F577D269" blockId="2.[831,1501,1577,2015]" lastBlockId="3.[805,1475,182,2015]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Since different glucosinolates are known to be associated with different biological functions, glucosinolate profiles were also analyzed in the treated samples (Table 1). Gluconapin (GNA), the major aliphatic glucosinolate fraction in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB501FF9E10BB3463F513D5E4" box="[1257,1347,1660,1680]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
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<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E10BB3463F513D5E4" box="[1257,1347,1660,1680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">B. juncea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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, was found to be maximally affected by Glu and wounding treatments and increased by ca. 2.2-fold after 24 h of treatment (ca. 60.0 µmoles g
|
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|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E179934D3F387D5AD" box="[971,983,1740,1753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">―</emphasis>
|
||
1
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
dry wt. against 26.6 µmoles g
|
||
<superScript id="7C7B9BF4B501FF9E114C34D3F563D5AC" attach="left" box="[1310,1331,1740,1753]" fontSize="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E114C34D3F57AD5AD" box="[1310,1322,1740,1753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">―</emphasis>
|
||
1
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
dry wt. of control). The accumulation of GNA was unaltered under
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B501FF9E112534F3F5FCD58B" box="[1399,1452,1772,1791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">MeJA</collectionCode>
|
||
and down regulated under
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B501FF9E107C3517F418D46F" box="[1070,1096,1800,1819]" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">SA</collectionCode>
|
||
treatment initially (6 h) but showed a significant enhancement at 24 h. Sinigrin (SIN), the second major fraction, was also found to increase only upon wounding and remained unaltered under other treatments. Glucoiberin (IBE) level was found to be initially unaffected but enhanced later under
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B501FF9E11F53567F58CD4FF" box="[1447,1500,1912,1931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">MeJA</collectionCode>
|
||
and Glu treatments. For example, after 24 h of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B501FF9E1140358BF517D4D3" box="[1298,1351,1940,1959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">MeJA</collectionCode>
|
||
treatment, IBE concentration increased to ca. 3.0 µmoles g
|
||
<superScript id="7C7B9BF4B501FF9E10A635B4F559D4CC" attach="left" box="[1268,1289,1963,1976]" fontSize="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E10A635B4F550D4CC" box="[1268,1280,1963,1976]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">―</emphasis>
|
||
1
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
dry wt. compared to untreated control (1.8 µmoles g
|
||
<superScript id="7C7B9BF4B501FF9E10D335D8F4C6D4A0" attach="left" box="[1153,1174,1991,2004]" fontSize="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E10D335D8F4DDD4A0" box="[1153,1165,1991,2004]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">―</emphasis>
|
||
1
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
dry wt.). However the response to Glu was immediate, which increased the level of IBE by 1.5-fold after 6 h of treatment. 4-Pentenyl (GBN) and 4-methylthiobutyl (4MTB) glucosinolates which are generally found in mature plants and seeds were not detected in the seedling stage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF716634B501FF9E14233559F20CD4A9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10486673" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10486673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10486673/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" startId="2.[113,139,1862,1876]" targetBox="[147,751,1446,1833]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136BCB501FF9E14233559F20CD4A9" blockId="2.[113,783,1862,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E14233559F0F4D420" bold="true" box="[113,164,1862,1876]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Accumulation of glucosinolates under various elicitor treatments in a time course experiment in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB501FF9E15773543F13AD41F" box="[293,362,1884,1899]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E15773543F13AD41F" box="[293,362,1884,1899]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">B. juncea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seedlings. Total aliphatic and indole glucosinolates content (µmoles g
|
||
<superScript id="7C7B9BF4B501FF9E15563570F145D40E" attach="left" box="[260,277,1903,1914]" fontSize="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E15563570F15ED40E" box="[260,270,1903,1914]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">―</emphasis>
|
||
1
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
dry wt.) after 6 h, 24 h and 48 h of treatment, as estimated by HPLC. Bars are drawn based on the mean of three independent experiments and error bars represent standard deviation. Asterisks (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E16453580F24ED4D3" bold="true" box="[535,542,1951,1959]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<superScript id="7C7B9BF4B501FF9E16453580F24ED4D3" attach="right" box="[535,542,1951,1959]" fontSize="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">⁄</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) indicate values significantly different from control at
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E156935A8F114D4B2" box="[315,324,1975,1990]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">P</emphasis>
|
||
<0.05. Letters
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E15EC35A9F198D4BC" bold="true" box="[446,456,1974,1992]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">OE</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E15A235A7F1AAD4B3" bold="true" box="[496,506,1976,1991]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">β</emphasis>
|
||
represent significant difference at
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB501FF9E142335D1F02AD4A9" box="[113,122,1998,2013]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">P</emphasis>
|
||
<0.05 for aliphatic and indole glucosinolates, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136BCB500FF9F17163339F593D1AF" blockId="3.[805,1475,182,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Among indole glucosinolates fractions, glucobrassicin (I3M) increased under
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B500FF9F17AA335DF47DD221" box="[1016,1069,322,341]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">MeJA</collectionCode>
|
||
treatment by a magnitude of 9.0-fold (7.5 µmoles g
|
||
<superScript id="7C7B9BF4B500FF9F10433346F476D212" attach="left" box="[1041,1062,345,358]" fontSize="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F10433346F44DD212" box="[1041,1053,345,358]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">―</emphasis>
|
||
1
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
dry wt. in treated samples against 0.8 µmoles g
|
||
<superScript id="7C7B9BF4B500FF9F17F6336AF3E9D2F6" attach="left" box="[932,953,373,386]" fontSize="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F17F6336AF3E0D2F6" box="[932,944,373,386]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">―</emphasis>
|
||
1
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
dry wt. in the control) after 48 h. No other treatment could significantly enhance I3M levels. Another indole glucosinolate, 1MOI3M, which is well known for its insect deterrence properties, was drastically enhanced by about 24.0 folds (14.7 µmoles g
|
||
<superScript id="7C7B9BF4B500FF9F17A833FAF45FD285" attach="left" box="[1018,1039,485,498]" fontSize="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F17A833FAF456D286" box="[1018,1030,485,498]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">―</emphasis>
|
||
1
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
dry wt. against the wild
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B5881EB500FF9F116033F6F50FD288" box="[1330,1375,489,508]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
|
||
level of 0.6 µmoles g
|
||
<superScript id="7C7B9BF4B500FF9F17F6301FF3E9D179" attach="left" box="[932,953,512,525]" fontSize="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F17F6301FF3E0D179" box="[932,944,512,525]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">―</emphasis>
|
||
1
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
dry wt.) in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B500FF9F1032301AF4C5D16C" box="[1120,1173,517,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">MeJA</collectionCode>
|
||
treated seedlings after 48 h.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B500FF9F1777303EF311D140" box="[805,833,545,564]" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">SA</collectionCode>
|
||
, Glu and wounding also significantly increased accumulation of this glucosinolate by a maximum of 7.2-, 8.8- and 6.7-fold respectively after 48 h of treatment. One of the major fractions responsible for fungal pathogen deterrence, 4MOI3M, was also found to be responsive to
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B500FF9F106E308EF421D1D0" box="[1084,1137,657,676]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">MeJA</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B500FF9F10F8308EF494D1D0" box="[1194,1220,657,676]" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">SA</collectionCode>
|
||
after 24 h of treatment. However, it was the least affected fraction among the detected indole glucosinolates in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB500FF9F104430D8F43CD1AF" box="[1046,1132,711,731]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F104430D8F43CD1AF" box="[1046,1132,711,731]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">B. juncea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in response to the tested elicitors.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136BCB500FF9F171630FBF4C8D651" blockId="3.[805,1475,182,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Differential accumulation of glucosinolate fractions in response to signaling molecules and wounding might be attributed to the specific role of these individual glucosinolates in plant defense. No detailed information is available till date which elucidates the distinct role of individual glucosinolate in plant defense. Various reports suggested that indole glucosinolates have pronounced effects during plant–pathogen/pest interaction (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB500FF9F114F3194F30BD0CF" author="Bednarek, P. & Pislewska-Bednarek, M. & Svatos, A. & Schneider, B. & Doubsky, J. & Mansurova, M. & Humphry, M. & Consonni, C. & Panstruga, R. & Sanchez-Vallet, A. & Molina, A. & Schulze-Lefert, P." pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="101 - 106" refId="ref7262" refString="Bednarek, P., Pislewska-Bednarek, M., Svatos, A., Schneider, B., Doubsky, J., Mansurova, M., Humphry, M., Consonni, C., Panstruga, R., Sanchez-Vallet, A., Molina, A., Schulze-Lefert, P., 2009. A glucosinolate metabolism pathway in living plant cells mediates broad-spectrum antifungal defense. Science 323, 101 - 106." type="journal article" year="2009">Bednarek et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB500FF9F173931B8F470D0CF" author="Clay, N. K. & Adio, A. M. & Carine, C. & Jander, G. & Ausubel, F. M." box="[875,1056,935,955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="95 - 101" refId="ref7649" refString="Clay, N. K., Adio, A. M., Carine, C., Jander, G., Ausubel, F. M., 2009. Glucosinolate metabolites required for an Arabidopsis innate immune response. Science 323, 95 - 101." type="journal article" year="2009">Clay et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB500FF9F106231B7F556D0CF" author="De Vos, M. & Kriksunov, K. L. & Jander, G." box="[1072,1286,935,955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="916 - 926" refId="ref7699" refString="De Vos, M., Kriksunov, K. L., Jander, G., 2008. Indole- 3 - acetonitrile production from indole glucosinolates deters oviposition by Pieris rapae. Plant Physiol. 146, 916 - 926." type="journal article" year="2008">De Vos et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB500FF9F114431B8F30BD0A2" author="Kim, J. H. & Jander, G." pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="1008 - 1019" refId="ref8392" refString="Kim, J. H., Jander, G., 2007. Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) feeding on Arabidopsis induces the formation of a deterrent indole glucosinolate. Plant J. 49, 1008 - 1019." type="journal article" year="2007">Kim and Jander, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB500FF9F173931DCF44CD0A2" author="Kim, J. H. & Lee, B. W. & Schroeder, F. D. & Jander, G." box="[875,1052,963,983]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="1015 - 1026" refId="ref8434" refString="Kim, J. H., Lee, B. W., Schroeder, F. D., Jander, G., 2008. Identification of indole glucosinolate breakdown products with antifeedant effects on Myzus persicae (green peach aphid). Plant J. 54, 1015 - 1026." type="journal article" year="2008">Kim et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A very recent study by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB500FF9F111231DCF337D086" author="Sotelo, T. & Lema, M. & Soengas, P. & Cartea, M. E. & Velasco, P." pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="432 - 440" refId="ref9093" refString="Sotelo, T., Lema, M., Soengas, P., Cartea, M. E., Velasco, P., 2015. In vitro activity of glucosinolates and their degradation products against Brassica - pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 81, 432 - 440." type="journal article" year="2015">Sotelo et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
showed that aliphatic glucosinolates like GNA, SIN and GBN have potent effects against two bacterial (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB500FF9F116C31E5F3DCD75E" authorityName="Dowson" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Pammel" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Betaproteobacteria" genus="Xanthomonas" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Burkholderiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="species" species="campestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F116C31E5F3DCD75E" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Xanthomonas campestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pv. campestris and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB500FF9F10373609F513D75E" authorityName="van Hall" authorityYear="1902" box="[1125,1347,1046,1066]" class="Betaproteobacteria" family="Burkholderiaceae" genus="Pseudomonas" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Burkholderiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="species" species="syringae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F10373609F513D75E" box="[1125,1347,1046,1066]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Pseudomonas syringae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pv. maculicola) and two fungal (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB500FF9F105A362DF498D732" box="[1032,1224,1074,1094]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Alternaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="brassicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F105A362DF498D732" box="[1032,1224,1074,1094]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Alternaria brassicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB500FF9F10AE362DF31DD716" class="Pezizomycetes" family="Pezizaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pezizales" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="scletoriorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F10AE362DF31DD716" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Sclerotinia scletoriorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB500FF9F170D3651F3FDD716" box="[863,941,1102,1122]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F170D3651F3FDD716" box="[863,941,1102,1122]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Brassica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pathogens, when tested under
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F10AD3651F519D716" box="[1279,1353,1102,1122]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">in vitro</emphasis>
|
||
conditions. We therefore presume that higher amounts of these aliphatic glucosinolates present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB500FF9F107C3699F49DD7EE" box="[1070,1229,1158,1178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F107C3699F42CD7EE" box="[1070,1148,1158,1178]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Brassica</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be important for constitutive defense against specific pathogens of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F117F36BEF5D4D7C1" box="[1325,1412,1185,1205]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Brassicas</emphasis>
|
||
. Thus defense response mediated by glucosinolates seems to be highly complex and depends on the pathogen/pest, crop-species, quantitative differences and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B5881EB500FF9F10D136E8F4E9D67E" box="[1155,1209,1271,1290]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of glucosinolate present (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB500FF9F177F370DF4DBD651" author="Santolamazza-Carbone, S. & Velasco, P. & Soengas, P. & Cartea, M. E." box="[813,1163,1298,1317]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="893 - 907" refId="ref8885" refString="Santolamazza-Carbone, S., Velasco, P., Soengas, P., Cartea, M. E., 2014. Bottom-up and top-down herbivore regulation mediated by glucosinolates in Brassica oleracea var. acephala. Oecologia 174, 893 - 907." type="journal article" year="2014">Santolamazza-Carbone et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136BCB500FF9F17163731F50FD5E4" blockId="3.[805,1475,182,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Jasmonates function as vital signaling molecules in plant defense, particularly against insect herbivores and necrotrophic pathogens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB500FF9F17CF3779F4F3D60D" author="Schaller, A. & Stintzi, A." box="[925,1187,1382,1401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="349 - 365" refId="ref8931" refString="Schaller, A., Stintzi, A., 2008. Jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling for induced plant defense against herbivory. In: Schaller, A. (Ed.), Induced Plant Resistance Against Herbivory. Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 349 - 365." type="book chapter" year="2008">Schaller and Stintzi, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB500FF9F10EB3779F538D60D" author="Guo, R. & Shen, W. & Qian, H. & Zhang, M. & Liu, L. & Wang, Q." box="[1209,1384,1382,1401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="5707 - 5719" refId="ref8199" refString="Guo, R., Shen, W., Qian, H., Zhang, M., Liu, L., Wang, Q., 2013. Jasmonic acid and glucose synergistically modulate the accumulation of glucosinolates in Arabidopsis thaliana. J. Exp. Bot. 64, 5707 - 5719." type="journal article" year="2013">Guo et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recently reported that JA mainly enhances the accumulation of I3M and 1MOI3M whereas 4MOI3M is the major indole glucosinolate that is responsive to
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B500FF9F178537A6F3A1D6B8" box="[983,1009,1465,1484]" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">SA</collectionCode>
|
||
treatment. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB500FF9F10C337A7F550D6B8" authorityName=", Frerigmann and Gigolashvili" authorityYear="2014" box="[1169,1280,1464,1484]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F10C337A7F550D6B8" box="[1169,1280,1464,1484]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Arabidopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, methoxylation of indol-3-ylmethyl (I3M) to 4-methoxy-indol-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate (4MOI3M) was reported to be suppressed by
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B500FF9F117037EEF509D570" box="[1314,1369,1521,1540]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">MeJA</collectionCode>
|
||
, which, in turn can result in over accumulation of I3M and 1MOI3M (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB500FF9F177F3436F45DD548" author="Mikkelsen, M. D. & Petersen, B. L. & Glawischnig, E. & Jensen, A. B. & Andreasson, E. & Halkier, B. A." box="[813,1037,1577,1597]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="298 - 308" refId="ref8726" refString="Mikkelsen, M. D., Petersen, B. L., Glawischnig, E., Jensen, A. B., Andreasson, E., Halkier, B. A., 2003. Modulation of CYP 79 genes and glucosinolate profiles in Arabidopsis by defense signaling pathways. Plant Physiol. 131, 298 - 308." type="journal article" year="2003">Mikkelsen et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB500FF9F10453436F4B0D548" author="Wiesner, M. & Hanschen, F. S. & Schreiner, M. & Glatt, H. & Zrenner, R." box="[1047,1248,1577,1597]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="14996 - 15016" refId="ref9247" refString="Wiesner, M., Hanschen, F. S., Schreiner, M., Glatt, H., Zrenner, R., 2013. Induced production of 1 - methoxy-indol- 3 - ylmethyl glucosinolate by jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate in sprouts and leaves of pak choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 14, 14996 - 15016." type="journal article" year="2013">Wiesner et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the current study, a marginal enhancement of 4MOI3M under
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B500FF9F10AC345AF563D52C" box="[1278,1331,1605,1624]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">MeJA</collectionCode>
|
||
treatment in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB500FF9F1777347FF32AD500" box="[805,890,1632,1652]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F1777347FF32AD500" box="[805,890,1632,1652]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">B. juncea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seedlings could be due to over accumulation of its precursor I3M or 1MOI3M glucosinolates to a significant level.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136BCB500FF9817163486F5C5D0AD" blockId="3.[805,1475,182,2015]" lastBlockId="4.[831,1501,938,985]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Apart from functioning as a carbon source, Glu also act as signaling molecule. Previous studies have also shown that sugars such as glucose and sucrose enhance glucosinolate accumulation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB500FF9F177734F4F3EED58B" box="[805,958,1771,1791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F177734F4F3EED58B" box="[805,958,1771,1791]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Brassica species</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB500FF9F179D34F2F4C5D58B" author="Baenas, N. & Garcia-Viguera, C. & Moreno, D. A." box="[975,1173,1772,1792]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="1881 - 1889" refId="ref7219" refString="Baenas, N., Garcia-Viguera, C., Moreno, D. A., 2014. Biotic elicitors effectively increase the glucosinolates content in Brassicaceae sprouts. J. Agric. Food Chem. 62, 1881 - 1889." type="journal article" year="2014">Baenas et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB500FF9F10F034F3F518D58B" author="Wei, J. & Miao, H. & Wang, Q." box="[1186,1352,1772,1792]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="535 - 540" refId="ref9206" refString="Wei, J., Miao, H., Wang, Q., 2011. Effect of glucose on glucosinolates, antioxidants and metabolic enzymes in Brassica sprouts. Sci. Hortic. 129, 535 - 540." type="journal article" year="2011">Wei et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Glu treatment increased the aliphatic glucosinolate, GNA in Chinese kale and pak choi sprouts whereas levels of progoitrin, another aliphatic glucosinolate, were decreased. Of the major indole glucosinolates in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB500FF9F176C3544F3DCD41B" box="[830,908,1883,1903]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F176C3544F3DCD41B" box="[830,908,1883,1903]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Brassica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sprouts, I3M and 1MOI3M showed a significant increase upon Glu treatment but not 4MOI3M (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB500FF9F10F73567F511D4FF" author="Wei, J. & Miao, H. & Wang, Q." box="[1189,1345,1912,1931]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" pagination="535 - 540" refId="ref9206" refString="Wei, J., Miao, H., Wang, Q., 2011. Effect of glucose on glucosinolates, antioxidants and metabolic enzymes in Brassica sprouts. Sci. Hortic. 129, 535 - 540." type="journal article" year="2011">Wei et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Our results even though were in agreement with the fact that Glu enhances both aliphatic and indole glucosinolates, effect of Glu on specific glucosinolates fractions was different in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB500FF9F109235D5F548D4AA" box="[1216,1304,1994,2014]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F109235D5F548D4AA" box="[1216,1304,1994,2014]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">B. juncea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. GNA was found to over-accumulate under Glu treatment whereas SIN, the other major aliphatic glucosinolate showed no change as compared to the untreated control (Table 1). Among indole glucosinolates, 1MOI3M showed enhancement in 5% Glu treatment. Mechanical injury by wounding significantly raised 1MOI3M level in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB507FF9816E53606F35FD759" box="[695,783,1049,1069]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB507FF9816E53606F35FD759" box="[695,783,1049,1069]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">B. juncea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as compared to increase in levels of other indole glucosinolates.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB507FF981423364DF14CD711" author="Bodnaryk, R. P." box="[113,284,1106,1125]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="2671 - 2677" refId="ref7426" refString="Bodnaryk, R. P., 1992. Effects of wounding on glucosinolates in the cotyledons of oilseed rape and mustard. Phytochemistry 31, 2671 - 2677." type="journal article" year="1992">Bodnaryk (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
showed that mechanical wounding can increase indole glucosinolate levels. Wounding stimuli have seems to reciprocate during plant herbivore interaction through raising the level of 1MOI3M in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB507FF98155036BBF108D7CC" box="[258,344,1188,1208]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB507FF98155036BBF108D7CC" box="[258,344,1188,1208]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">B. juncea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Table 1). Thus differential accumulation of individual glucosinolates by a wide range of biotic stimuli, in all possibility, suggests their differential role in plant defense.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136BCB500FF9F14B03542F232D385" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<table id="F90EC41CB500006314B032D4F2C9D4B7" box="[226,665,203,1987]" gridcols="16" gridrows="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB500006314B032D4F0A1D4B7" box="[226,241,203,1987]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-14="1" rowspan-15="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B500006314B03521F0A1D4B7" box="[226,241,1854,1987]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">Glucosinolate</th>
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B500006314B034CEF0A1D45E" box="[226,241,1745,1834]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">6 h</th>
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B500006314B036B2F0A1D67F" box="[226,241,1197,1291]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">24 h</th>
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B500006314B03098F0A1D196" box="[226,241,647,738]" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">48 h</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB5000063155332D4F140D4B7" box="[257,272,203,1987]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" rowspan-0="1" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063155334CEF140D45E" box="[257,272,1745,1834]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">Control</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B50000631553347DF140D5B5" box="[257,272,1634,1729]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B500FF9F15533485F140D5B5" box="[257,272,1690,1729]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">MeJA</collectionCode>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063155337E7F140D526" box="[257,272,1528,1618]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B500FF9F15533420F140D526" box="[257,272,1599,1618]" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">SA</collectionCode>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315533796F140D69D" box="[257,272,1417,1513]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">Glu</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315533705F140D60E" box="[257,272,1306,1402]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">Wound</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063155336B2F140D67F" box="[257,272,1197,1291]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">Control</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315533621F140D7EA" box="[257,272,1086,1182]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B500FF9F15533668F140D7EA" box="[257,272,1143,1182]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">MeJA</collectionCode>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063155331D0F140D75B" box="[257,272,975,1071]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B500FF9F15533603F140D75B" box="[257,272,1052,1071]" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">SA</collectionCode>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B50000631553317FF140D0B4" box="[257,272,864,960]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">Glu</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063155330EEF140D025" box="[257,272,753,849]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">Wound</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315533098F140D196" box="[257,272,647,738]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">Control</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315533007F140D10C" box="[257,272,536,632]" gridcol="12" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B500FF9F1553304EF140D10C" box="[257,272,593,632]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">MeJA</collectionCode>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063155333B6F140D17D" box="[257,272,425,521]" gridcol="13" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B500FF9F155333E9F140D17D" box="[257,272,502,521]" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">SA</collectionCode>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315533325F140D2EE" box="[257,272,314,410]" gridcol="14" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">Glu</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063155332D4F140D25F" box="[257,272,203,299]" gridcol="15" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">Wound</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB5000063154C32D4F111D4B7" box="[286,321,203,1987]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B5000063154C3521F111D4B7" box="[286,321,1854,1987]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">2 -Propenyl / sinigrin (SIN)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063154C34CEF111D45E" box="[286,321,1745,1834]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">5.89 ± 0.34</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063154C347DF111D5B5" box="[286,321,1634,1729]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">5.97 ± 0.41</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063154C37E7F111D526" box="[286,321,1528,1618]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">6.04 ± 0.18</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063154C3796F111D69D" box="[286,321,1417,1513]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">7.72 ± 1.01</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063154C3705F111D60E" box="[286,321,1306,1402]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
7.49 ± 0.74
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F154D3705F178D654" bold="true" box="[287,296,1306,1312]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<subScript id="178A34F9B500FF9F154D3705F178D654" attach="right" box="[287,296,1306,1312]" fontSize="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">⁄</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063154C36B2F111D67F" box="[286,321,1197,1291]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">5.98 ± 0.83</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063154C3621F111D7EA" box="[286,321,1086,1182]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">6.35 ± 0.89</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063154C31D0F111D75B" box="[286,321,975,1071]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">7.74 ± 0.41</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063154C317FF111D0B4" box="[286,321,864,960]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">7.89 ± 0.45</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063154C30EEF111D025" box="[286,321,753,849]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
13.38 ± 1.40
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F154D30EEF178D183" bold="true" box="[287,296,753,759]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<superScript id="7C7B9BF4B500FF9F154D30EEF178D183" attach="right" box="[287,296,753,759]" fontSize="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">⁄</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063154C3098F111D196" box="[286,321,647,738]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">6.99 ± 1.31</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063154C3007F111D10C" box="[286,321,536,632]" gridcol="12" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">6.37 ± 0.72</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063154C33B6F111D17D" box="[286,321,425,521]" gridcol="13" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">6.53 ± 1.18</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063154C3325F111D2EE" box="[286,321,314,410]" gridcol="14" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">8.23 ± 1.80</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063154C32D4F111D25F" box="[286,321,203,299]" gridcol="15" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">6.71 ± 1.88</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB5000063151732D4F1DDD4B7" box="[325,397,203,1987]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B500006315173521F1DDD4B7" box="[325,397,1854,1987]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">3 - Methylsulfinyl- propyl / glucoiberin (3MSOP, IBE)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063151734CEF1DDD45E" box="[325,397,1745,1834]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">1.82 ± 0.08</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B50000631517347DF1DDD5B5" box="[325,397,1634,1729]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">1.74 ± 0.10</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063151737E7F1DDD526" box="[325,397,1528,1618]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">2.04 ± 0.62</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315173796F1DDD69D" box="[325,397,1417,1513]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
2.70 ± 0.69
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F15173796F11ED6FB" bold="true" box="[325,334,1417,1423]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<superScript id="7C7B9BF4B500FF9F15173796F11ED6FB" attach="right" box="[325,334,1417,1423]" fontSize="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">⁄</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315173705F1DDD60E" box="[325,397,1306,1402]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">1.92 ± 0.27</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063151736B2F1DDD67F" box="[325,397,1197,1291]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">2.01 ± 0.33</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315173621F1DDD7EA" box="[325,397,1086,1182]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">2.98 ± 0.34 ⁄</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063151731D0F1DDD75B" box="[325,397,975,1071]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">2.16 ± 0.55</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B50000631517317FF1DDD0B4" box="[325,397,864,960]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">2.44 ± 0.18</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063151730EEF1DDD025" box="[325,397,753,849]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">2.44 ± 0.23</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315173098F1DDD196" box="[325,397,647,738]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">1.74 ± 0.11</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315173007F1DDD10C" box="[325,397,536,632]" gridcol="12" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">2.40 ± 0.39</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063151733B6F1DDD17D" box="[325,397,425,521]" gridcol="13" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">2.35 ± 0.36</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315173325F1DDD2EE" box="[325,397,314,410]" gridcol="14" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">2.31 ± 0.11</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063151732D4F1DDD25F" box="[325,397,203,299]" gridcol="15" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">2.30 ± 0.56</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB500006315C332D4F196D4B7" box="[401,454,203,1987]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B500006315C33521F196D4B7" box="[401,454,1854,1987]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">3 - Butenyl / gluconapin (GNA)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315C334CEF196D45E" box="[401,454,1745,1834]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">26.65 ± 0.61</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315C3347DF196D5B5" box="[401,454,1634,1729]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">32.55 ± 3.25</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315C337E7F196D526" box="[401,454,1528,1618]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">19.45 ± 1.92</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315C33796F196D69D" box="[401,454,1417,1513]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
45.86 ± 7.56
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F15C03796F1CBD6FB" bold="true" box="[402,411,1417,1423]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<superScript id="7C7B9BF4B500FF9F15C03796F1CBD6FB" attach="right" box="[402,411,1417,1423]" fontSize="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">⁄</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315C33705F196D60E" box="[401,454,1306,1402]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
46.49 ± 5.08
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F15C03705F1CBD654" bold="true" box="[402,411,1306,1312]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<subScript id="178A34F9B500FF9F15C03705F1CBD654" attach="right" box="[402,411,1306,1312]" fontSize="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">⁄</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315C336B2F196D67F" box="[401,454,1197,1291]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">26.62 ± 0.81</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315C33621F196D7EA" box="[401,454,1086,1182]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">38.16 ± 3.81 ⁄</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315C331D0F196D75B" box="[401,454,975,1071]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
33.91 ± 2.01
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F15C031D0F1CBD0A1" bold="true" box="[402,411,975,981]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<subScript id="178A34F9B500FF9F15C031D0F1CBD0A1" attach="right" box="[402,411,975,981]" fontSize="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">⁄</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315C3317FF196D0B4" box="[401,454,864,960]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
58.98 ± 6.12
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F15C0317FF1CBD012" bold="true" box="[402,411,864,870]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<subScript id="178A34F9B500FF9F15C0317FF1CBD012" attach="right" box="[402,411,864,870]" fontSize="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">⁄</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315C330EEF196D025" box="[401,454,753,849]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
58.90 ± 4.57
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F15C030EEF1CBD183" bold="true" box="[402,411,753,759]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<superScript id="7C7B9BF4B500FF9F15C030EEF1CBD183" attach="right" box="[402,411,753,759]" fontSize="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">⁄</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315C33098F196D196" box="[401,454,647,738]" gridcol="11" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">26.91 ± 0.78</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315C33007F196D10C" box="[401,454,536,632]" gridcol="12" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">29.47 ± 6.82</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315C333B6F196D17D" box="[401,454,425,521]" gridcol="13" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
33.73 ± 3.97
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F15C033B6F1CBD2DB" bold="true" box="[402,411,425,431]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<superScript id="7C7B9BF4B500FF9F15C033B6F1CBD2DB" attach="right" box="[402,411,425,431]" fontSize="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">⁄</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315C33325F196D2EE" box="[401,454,314,410]" gridcol="14" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">29.91 ± 6.01</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315C332D4F196D25F" box="[401,454,203,299]" gridcol="15" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">22.21 ± 5.12</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB5000063159932D4F250D4B7" box="[459,512,203,1987]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B500006315993521F250D4B7" box="[459,512,1854,1987]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">Indol-3 - ylmethyl/ glucobrassicin (I 3 M, GBC)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063159934CEF250D45E" box="[459,512,1745,1834]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">0.98 ± 0.20</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B50000631599347DF250D5B5" box="[459,512,1634,1729]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
1.75 ± 0.08
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F1599347DF184D51C" bold="true" box="[459,468,1634,1640]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<superScript id="7C7B9BF4B500FF9F1599347DF184D51C" attach="right" box="[459,468,1634,1640]" fontSize="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">⁄</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063159937E7F250D526" box="[459,512,1528,1618]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">1.26 ± 0.58</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315993796F250D69D" box="[459,512,1417,1513]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">1.07 ± 0.23</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315993705F250D60E" box="[459,512,1306,1402]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">1.26 ± 0.35</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063159936B2F250D67F" box="[459,512,1197,1291]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">1.09 ±. 0.19</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315993621F250D7EA" box="[459,512,1086,1182]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">2.09 ± 0.33 ⁄</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063159931D0F250D75B" box="[459,512,975,1071]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">0.84 ± 0.14</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B50000631599317FF250D0B4" box="[459,512,864,960]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">1.10 ± 0.16</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063159930EEF250D025" box="[459,512,753,849]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">1.85 ± 0.59</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315993098F250D196" box="[459,512,647,738]" gridcol="11" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">0.85 ± 0.25</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315993007F250D10C" box="[459,512,536,632]" gridcol="12" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">7.50 ± 0.96 ⁄</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063159933B6F250D17D" box="[459,512,425,521]" gridcol="13" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">0.88 ± 0.23</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006315993325F250D2EE" box="[459,512,314,410]" gridcol="14" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">1.09 ± 0.39</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063159932D4F250D25F" box="[459,512,203,299]" gridcol="15" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">1.65 ± 0.47</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB5000063165632D4F21CD4B7" box="[516,588,203,1987]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B500006316563521F21CD4B7" box="[516,588,1854,1987]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">1 - Methoxyindol- 3 -ylmethyl (1 MOI 3M, NGB)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063165634CEF21CD45E" box="[516,588,1745,1834]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">0.61 ± 0.17</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B50000631656347DF21CD5B5" box="[516,588,1634,1729]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
2.76 ± 0.89
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F1656347DF25DD51C" bold="true" box="[516,525,1634,1640]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<superScript id="7C7B9BF4B500FF9F1656347DF25DD51C" attach="right" box="[516,525,1634,1640]" fontSize="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">⁄</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063165637E7F21CD526" box="[516,588,1528,1618]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">0.69 ± 0.18</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006316563796F21CD69D" box="[516,588,1417,1513]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">0.57 ± 0.21</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006316563705F21CD60E" box="[516,588,1306,1402]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">1.48 ± 0.27</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063165636B2F21CD67F" box="[516,588,1197,1291]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">0.81 ± 0.14</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006316563621F21CD7EA" box="[516,588,1086,1182]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">17.88 ± 1.43 ⁄</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063165631D0F21CD75B" box="[516,588,975,1071]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
2.00 ± 0.46
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F165631D0F25DD0A1" bold="true" box="[516,525,975,981]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<subScript id="178A34F9B500FF9F165631D0F25DD0A1" attach="right" box="[516,525,975,981]" fontSize="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">⁄</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B50000631656317FF21CD0B4" box="[516,588,864,960]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">0.65 ± 0.12</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063165630EEF21CD025" box="[516,588,753,849]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
3.26 ± 0.91
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F165630EEF25DD183" bold="true" box="[516,525,753,759]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<superScript id="7C7B9BF4B500FF9F165630EEF25DD183" attach="right" box="[516,525,753,759]" fontSize="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">⁄</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006316563098F21CD196" box="[516,588,647,738]" gridcol="11" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">0.62 ± 0.12</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006316563007F21CD10C" box="[516,588,536,632]" gridcol="12" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
14.76 ± 4.22
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F16563007F25DD16A" bold="true" box="[516,525,536,542]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">⁄</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063165633B6F21CD17D" box="[516,588,425,521]" gridcol="13" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
4.52 ± 1.23
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F165633B6F25DD2DB" bold="true" box="[516,525,425,431]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<superScript id="7C7B9BF4B500FF9F165633B6F25DD2DB" attach="right" box="[516,525,425,431]" fontSize="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">⁄</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006316563325F21CD2EE" box="[516,588,314,410]" gridcol="14" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
5.50 ± 1.04
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F16563325F25DD234" bold="true" box="[516,525,314,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<superScript id="7C7B9BF4B500FF9F16563325F25DD234" attach="right" box="[516,525,314,320]" fontSize="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">⁄</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063165632D4F21CD25F" box="[516,588,203,299]" gridcol="15" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
4.21 ± 0.26
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F165632D4F25DD3A5" bold="true" box="[516,525,203,209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">⁄</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB5000063160232D4F2C9D4B7" box="[592,665,203,1987]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B500006316023521F2C9D4B7" box="[592,665,1854,1987]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">4 - Methoxyindol- 3 -ylmethyl (4 MOI 3 M, MGB)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063160234CEF2C9D45E" box="[592,665,1745,1834]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">0.91 ± 0.17</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B50000631602347DF2C9D5B5" box="[592,665,1634,1729]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">1.06 ± 0.10</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063160237E7F2C9D526" box="[592,665,1528,1618]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">1.16 ± 0.19</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006316023796F2C9D69D" box="[592,665,1417,1513]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
1.48 ± 0.24
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F16033796F20AD6FB" bold="true" box="[593,602,1417,1423]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<superScript id="7C7B9BF4B500FF9F16033796F20AD6FB" attach="right" box="[593,602,1417,1423]" fontSize="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">⁄</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006316023705F2C9D60E" box="[592,665,1306,1402]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">0.83 ± 0.19</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063160236B2F2C9D67F" box="[592,665,1197,1291]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">0.83 ± 0.07</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006316023621F2C9D7EA" box="[592,665,1086,1182]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
1.13 ± 0.14
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F16033621F20AD730" bold="true" box="[593,602,1086,1092]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">⁄</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063160231D0F2C9D75B" box="[592,665,975,1071]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">
|
||
1.24 ± 0.21
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F160331D0F20AD0A1" bold="true" box="[593,602,975,981]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<subScript id="178A34F9B500FF9F160331D0F20AD0A1" attach="right" box="[593,602,975,981]" fontSize="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">⁄</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B50000631602317FF2C9D0B4" box="[592,665,864,960]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">0.82 ± 0.13</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063160230EEF2C9D025" box="[592,665,753,849]" gridcol="10" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">0.64 ± 0.15</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006316023098F2C9D196" box="[592,665,647,738]" gridcol="11" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">0.95 ± 0.09</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006316023007F2C9D10C" box="[592,665,536,632]" gridcol="12" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">1.65 ± 0.40</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063160233B6F2C9D17D" box="[592,665,425,521]" gridcol="13" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">1.89 ± 0.20</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B500006316023325F2C9D2EE" box="[592,665,314,410]" gridcol="14" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">0.55 ± 0.26</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5000063160232D4F2C9D25F" box="[592,665,203,299]" gridcol="15" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" textDirection="bu">1.34 ± 0.29</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF716634B500FF9F14C235B2F09ED6FF" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" startId="3.[144,160,1965,2009]" targetBox="[226,665,203,1987]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136BCB500FF9F14C235B2F09ED6FF" blockId="3.[144,206,180,2009]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Table 1 Glucosinolate profile in
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F14F5350BF0E7D46B" box="[167,183,1812,1823]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB500FF9F14F534C3F0E7D479" box="[167,183,1756,1805]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F14F534C3F0E7D479" box="[167,183,1756,1805]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">juncea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seedlings treated with different biotic elicitors in a time course experiment. Value in each cell represents mean glucosinolate content (µ moles g
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F14F6306CF0FFD109" box="[164,175,627,637]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">―</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="178A34F9B500FF9F14F63073F0FFD107" attach="right" box="[164,175,620,627]" fontSize="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">1</subScript>
|
||
dry wt.) of three independent experiments (mean ± SD). Asterisks (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F14E9359FF095D4F3" bold="true" box="[187,197,1920,1927]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<superScript id="7C7B9BF4B500FF9F14E9359FF095D4F3" attach="right" box="[187,197,1920,1927]" fontSize="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">⁄</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) indicate values significantly different from control at
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB500FF9F14EC37DEF09ED6BE" box="[190,206,1473,1482]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">P</emphasis>
|
||
<0.05.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF716634B507FF981423312BF215D004" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10486675" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10486675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10486675/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" startId="4.[113,139,820,834]" targetBox="[408,1202,181,790]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136BCB507FF981423312BF215D004" blockId="4.[113,1500,819,880]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB507FF981423312BF0F3D036" bold="true" box="[113,163,820,834]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Expression profiling of MYB transcriptional regulators of aliphatic and indole glucosinolates biosynthesis in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB507FF981045312CF40CD036" box="[1047,1116,819,834]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB507FF981045312CF40CD036" box="[1047,1116,819,834]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">B. juncea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seedlings. Heat map was constructed based on the relative expression value compared with the non-treated seedling at each time point, using
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB507FF9817293156F3F7D02D" box="[891,935,841,857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">UBQ9</emphasis>
|
||
as the reference gene. qRT-PCR was performed for three independent experiments for each target, and the data were averaged.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136BCB507FF98176D3618F468D743" blockId="4.[831,1500,1031,1079]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB507FF98176D3618F468D743" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
2.3. Effect of elicitors on the expression of transcriptional regulators of
|
||
<heading id="D0F981D0B507FF98176D363CF468D743" box="[831,1080,1059,1079]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" reason="8">glucosinolate biosynthesis</heading>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136BCB507FF99170C3643F092D2B1" blockId="4.[831,1501,1116,1191]" lastBlockId="5.[87,758,182,2015]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Since glucosinolate accumulation is differentially enhanced by biotic elicitors tested above, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of glucosinolates biosynthesis under different stress conditions. We analyzed the steady state mRNA levels of reported
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF99140532CEF0D3D391" box="[87,131,209,229]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB</emphasis>
|
||
transcription factor genes which are known to be major regulators of both aliphatic and indole glucosinolates biosynthesis. Multiple homologs of genes encoding these transcription regulators have been identified in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB506FF9915DD333AF188D24D" box="[399,472,293,313]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rapa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9915DD333AF188D24D" box="[399,472,293,313]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">B. rapa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(www.brasicadb.org/brad/;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB506FF991405335DF14CD221" author="Cheng, F. & Liu, S. & Wu, J. & Fang, L. & Sun, S. & Liu, B. & Li, P. & Hua, W. & Wang, X." box="[87,284,322,341]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" pagination="136" refId="ref7583" refString="Cheng, F., Liu, S., Wu, J., Fang, L., Sun, S., Liu, B., Li, P., Hua, W., Wang, X., 2011. BRAD, the genetics and genomics database for Brassica plants. BMC Plant Biol. 11, 136." type="journal article" year="2011">Cheng et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB506FF991579335DF18ED221" author="Zang, Y. X. & Kim, H. U. & Kim, J. A. & Lim, M. H. & Jin, M. & Lee, S. C. & Kwon, S. J. & Lee, S. I. & Hong, J. K. & Park, T. H. & Mun, J. H. & Seol, Y. J. & Hong, S. B. & Park, B. S." box="[299,478,322,341]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" pagination="3559 - 3574" refId="ref9359" refString="Zang, Y. X., Kim, H. U., Kim, J. A., Lim, M. H., Jin, M., Lee, S. C., Kwon, S. J., Lee, S. I., Hong, J. K., Park, T. H., Mun, J. H., Seol, Y. J., Hong, S. B., Park, B. S., 2009. Genome-wide identification of glucosinolate synthesis genes in Brassica rapa. FEBS J. 276, 3559 - 3574." type="journal article" year="2009">Zang et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB506FF991673335EF22CD221" box="[545,636,321,341]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF991673335EF22CD221" box="[545,636,321,341]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">B. juncea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB506FF9916DD335DF08AD205" author="Augustine, R. & Majee, M. & Gershenzon, J. & Bisht, N. C." pageId="5" pageNumber="48" pagination="4907 - 4921" refId="ref7158" refString="Augustine, R., Majee, M., Gershenzon, J., Bisht, N. C., 2013 b. Four genes encoding MYB 28, a major transcriptional regulator of aliphatic glucosinolate pathway, are differentially expressed in the allopolyploid Brassica juncea. J. Exp. Bot. 64, 4907 - 4921." type="journal article" year="2013">Augustine et al., 2013b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB506FF9914B43341F1C3D205" author="Bisht, N. C. & Gupta, V. & Ramchiary, N. & Sodhi, Y. S. & Mukhopadhyay, A. & Arumugam, N. & Pental, D. & Pradhan, A. K." box="[230,403,350,369]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" pagination="413 - 421" refId="ref7344" refString="Bisht, N. C., Gupta, V., Ramchiary, N., Sodhi, Y. S., Mukhopadhyay, A., Arumugam, N., Pental, D., Pradhan, A. K., 2009. Fine mapping of loci involved with glucosinolate biosynthesis in oilseed mustard (Brassica juncea) using genomic information from allied species. Theor. Appl. Genet. 118, 413 - 421." type="journal article" year="2009">Bisht et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The expression levels of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB506FF9916F53342F2A5D205" box="[679,757,349,369]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9916F53342F2A5D205" box="[679,757,349,369]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Brassica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
homologs of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF99148A3367F14CD2F8" box="[216,284,376,396]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB28</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9915753367F13BD2F8" box="[295,363,376,396]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB29</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9915243367F1EAD2F8" box="[374,442,376,396]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB34</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9915973367F259D2F8" box="[453,521,376,396]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB51</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9916683367F2DAD2F8" box="[570,650,376,396]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB122</emphasis>
|
||
were analyzed using gene specific primers after 6 h, 24 h and 48 h of treatment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF716634B507FF98176D36D5F5F5D79A" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" startId="4.[831,875,1226,1240]" targetBox="[853,1484,1283,1951]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136BCB507FF98176D36D5F5F5D79A" blockId="4.[831,1445,1225,1263]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB507FF98176D36D5F32BD7A3" bold="true" box="[831,891,1225,1240]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Table 2</emphasis>
|
||
List of genes/primers used for real-time qRT-PCR assays in the current study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136BCB507FF9817073719F5F6D4EB" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<table id="F90EC41CB50700631707371CF59CD4EB" box="[853,1484,1283,1951]" gridcols="3" gridrows="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB50700631707371CF59CD636" box="[853,1484,1283,1346]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B50700631707371CF459D636" box="[853,1033,1283,1346]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Gene ID/primer name</th>
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B50700631015371CF4C3D636" box="[1095,1171,1283,1346]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Gene name used</th>
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B507006310F0371CF59CD636" box="[1186,1484,1283,1346]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Primer sequence in 5
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB507FF98111C371CF502D679" box="[1358,1362,1283,1293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">0</emphasis>
|
||
–3
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB507FF981135371CF53BD679" box="[1383,1387,1283,1293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">0</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB507006317073749F59CD610" box="[853,1484,1366,1380]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B507006317073749F459D610" box="[853,1033,1366,1380]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">BjuB.MYB28.1 FP(RT)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310153749F4C3D610" box="[1095,1171,1366,1380]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">MYB28-1</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310F03749F59CD610" box="[1186,1484,1366,1380]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">ATCTATATATTCGAACAAACGGT</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB507006317073772F59CD60F" box="[853,1484,1389,1403]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B507006317073772F459D60F" box="[853,1033,1389,1403]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">BjuB.MYB28.1 RP(RT)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310F03772F59CD60F" box="[1186,1484,1389,1403]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">CCTATTAACCCTTATTTAACAT</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB50700631707379BF59CD6E6" box="[853,1484,1412,1426]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B50700631707379BF459D6E6" box="[853,1033,1412,1426]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">BjuB.MYB28.2 FP(RT)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B50700631015379BF4C3D6E6" box="[1095,1171,1412,1426]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">MYB28-2</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310F0379BF59CD6E6" box="[1186,1484,1412,1426]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">AAATCCTACTGTCACCACGTCG</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB507006317073785F59CD6DC" box="[853,1484,1434,1448]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B507006317073785F459D6DC" box="[853,1033,1434,1448]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">BjuB.MYB28.2 RP(RT)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310F03785F59CD6DC" box="[1186,1484,1434,1448]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">ATTGCTGGTAGTCTCGGAAAC</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB5070063170737B1F59CD6CB" box="[853,1484,1454,1471]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B5070063170737B1F459D6CB" box="[853,1033,1454,1471]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">BjuA.MYB28.1 FP(RT)a</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5070063101537B1F4C3D6CB" box="[1095,1171,1454,1471]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">MYB28-3</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310F037B1F59CD6CB" box="[1186,1484,1454,1471]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">ATCTTTTTATATTCGAACTG</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB5070063170737D7F59CD6A2" box="[853,1484,1480,1494]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B5070063170737D7F459D6A2" box="[853,1033,1480,1494]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">BjuA.MYB28.1 RP(RT)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310F037D7F59CD6A2" box="[1186,1484,1480,1494]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">ACATGAGTTCTCGCCTTCT</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB5070063170737C4F59CD699" box="[853,1484,1499,1517]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B5070063170737C4F459D699" box="[853,1033,1499,1517]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">BjuA.MYB28.2 FP(RT) a</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5070063101537C4F4C3D699" box="[1095,1171,1499,1517]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">MYB28-4</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310F037C4F59CD699" box="[1186,1484,1499,1517]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">GAGTCTTCATTACCAAACAG</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB5070063170737E9F59CD570" box="[853,1484,1526,1540]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B5070063170737E9F459D570" box="[853,1033,1526,1540]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">BjuA.MYB28.2 RP(RT)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310F037E9F59CD570" box="[1186,1484,1526,1540]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">TAAACTCGGGATTACTAAC</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB507006317073416F59CD56F" box="[853,1484,1545,1563]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B507006317073416F459D56F" box="[853,1033,1545,1563]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">BjuA.MYB28.3 FP(RT) a</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310153416F4C3D56F" box="[1095,1171,1545,1563]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">MYB28-5</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310F03416F59CD56F" box="[1186,1484,1545,1563]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">CGATGGACTAACTACCTAAAACCTGAA</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB50700631707343CF59CD546" box="[853,1484,1571,1586]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B50700631707343CF459D546" box="[853,1033,1571,1586]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">BjuA.MYB28.3 RP(RT)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310F0343CF59CD546" box="[1186,1484,1571,1586]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">GTACCCTGTTCAATCAAACGCTTC</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB507006317073425F59CD53C" box="[853,1484,1594,1608]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B507006317073425F459D53C" box="[853,1033,1594,1608]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Bra005949 FP(RT)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310153425F4C3D53C" box="[1095,1171,1594,1608]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">MYB29-1</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310F03425F59CD53C" box="[1186,1484,1594,1608]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">TCTGGAGCAATTTAGTAACAATGC</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB50700631707344EF59CD52B" box="[853,1484,1617,1631]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B50700631707344EF459D52B" box="[853,1033,1617,1631]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Bra005949 RP(RT)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310F0344EF59CD52B" box="[1186,1484,1617,1631]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">CAACCGGGTATGTTTGTCATAC</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB507006317073477F59CD502" box="[853,1484,1640,1654]" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B507006317073477F459D502" box="[853,1033,1640,1654]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Bra013000 RP(RT)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310153477F4C3D502" box="[1095,1171,1640,1654]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">MYB34-1</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310F03477F59CD502" box="[1186,1484,1640,1654]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">TCCAAGAATCAAGAAAGTCCATA</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB507006317073460F59CD5F9" box="[853,1484,1663,1677]" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B507006317073460F459D5F9" box="[853,1033,1663,1677]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Bra035954 RP(RT)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310F03460F59CD5F9" box="[1186,1484,1663,1677]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">AAGTCCAGATCGTCATTCCAA</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB507006317073489F59CD5D0" box="[853,1484,1686,1700]" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B507006317073489F459D5D0" box="[853,1033,1686,1700]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Bra016553 FP(RT)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310153489F4C3D5D0" box="[1095,1171,1686,1700]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">MYB34-2</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310F03489F59CD5D0" box="[1186,1484,1686,1700]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">TCCGTCCACATTCTCTGAGG</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB5070063170734B3F59CD5CF" box="[853,1484,1708,1723]" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B5070063170734B3F459D5CF" box="[853,1033,1708,1723]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Bra016553 RP(RT)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310F034B3F59CD5CF" box="[1186,1484,1708,1723]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">TCGTCGTTCACGTCCTCCT</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB5070063170734DCF59CD5A5" box="[853,1484,1731,1745]" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B5070063170734DCF459D5A5" box="[853,1033,1731,1745]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Bra025666 FP(RT)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5070063101534DCF4C3D5A5" box="[1095,1171,1731,1745]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">MYB51-1</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310F034DCF59CD5A5" box="[1186,1484,1731,1745]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">TGATTCCTCCGTTAACGATCCT</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB5070063170734C5F59CD59C" box="[853,1484,1754,1768]" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B5070063170734C5F459D59C" box="[853,1033,1754,1768]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Bra025666 RP(RT)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310F034C5F59CD59C" box="[1186,1484,1754,1768]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">CCGAAGAAACCTCGTAAGTTCA</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB5070063170734EEF59CD58B" box="[853,1484,1777,1791]" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B5070063170734EEF459D58B" box="[853,1033,1777,1791]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Bra031035 FP(RT)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B5070063101534EEF4C3D58B" box="[1095,1171,1777,1791]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">MYB51-2</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310F034EEF59CD58B" box="[1186,1484,1777,1791]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">TTAATGTACTGGGATAAGGAAGATG</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB507006317073517F59CD462" box="[853,1484,1800,1814]" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B507006317073517F459D462" box="[853,1033,1800,1814]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Bra031035 RP(RT)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310F03517F59CD462" box="[1186,1484,1800,1814]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">CATCATTTCTACGTTGTCCG</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB507006317073500F59CD459" box="[853,1484,1823,1837]" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B507006317073500F459D459" box="[853,1033,1823,1837]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Bra008131 FP(RT)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310153500F4C3D459" box="[1095,1171,1823,1837]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">MYB122-</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310F03500F59CD459" box="[1186,1484,1823,1837]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">GTTCTCTAGCGACACCTCTGAC</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB507006317073529F59CD430" box="[853,1484,1846,1860]" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B507006317073529F459D430" box="[853,1033,1846,1860]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Bra008131 RP(RT)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310153529F4C3D430" box="[1095,1171,1846,1860]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310F03529F59CD430" box="[1186,1484,1846,1860]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">CAATTTTATCGTCTTGAAGAATCC</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB507006317073553F59CD42E" box="[853,1484,1868,1882]" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B507006317073553F459D42E" box="[853,1033,1868,1882]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Bra015939 FP(RT)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310153553F4C3D42E" box="[1095,1171,1868,1882]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">MYB122-</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310F03553F59CD42E" box="[1186,1484,1868,1882]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">CTCTAACGATACCTCCGCTCAG</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB50700631707357CF59CD405" box="[853,1484,1891,1905]" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B50700631707357CF459D405" box="[853,1033,1891,1905]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Bra015939 RP(RT)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B50700631015357CF4C3D405" box="[1095,1171,1891,1905]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310F0357CF59CD405" box="[1186,1484,1891,1905]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">GGTGGCTATCATTAAGCGACA</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB507006317073565F59CD4FC" box="[853,1484,1914,1928]" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B507006317073565F459D4FC" box="[853,1033,1914,1928]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">BjUBQ-9 F(RT)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310153565F4C3D4FC" box="[1095,1171,1914,1928]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">UBQ9</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310F03565F59CD4FC" box="[1186,1484,1914,1928]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">GAAGACATGTTCCATTGGCA</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E34FEB50700631707358EF59CD4EB" box="[853,1484,1937,1951]" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76EF5D82B50700631707358EF459D4EB" box="[853,1033,1937,1951]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">BjUBQ-9 R(RT)</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF5D82B507006310F0358EF59CD4EB" box="[1186,1484,1937,1951]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">ACACCTTAGTCCTAAAAGCCACCT</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF716634B507FF9814233530F1C8D4A9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10486677" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10486677" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10486677/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" startId="4.[113,139,1839,1853]" targetBox="[165,732,1295,1810]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136BCB507FF9814233530F1C8D4A9" blockId="4.[113,783,1838,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB507FF9814233530F0F9D449" bold="true" box="[113,169,1839,1853]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Possible scheme of glucosinolate regulation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB507FF9816003531F2CDD449" box="[594,669,1838,1853]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB507FF9816003531F2CDD449" box="[594,669,1838,1853]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">B. juncea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seedlings in response to biotic elicitors. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), glucose (Glu) and wounding (Wound), factors that induce biotic stress, altered the accumulation of both aliphatic (alGSL) and indole (inGSL) glucosinolates in polyploid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB507FF9814973595F15DD4ED" box="[197,269,1930,1945]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB507FF9814973595F15DD4ED" box="[197,269,1930,1945]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">B. juncea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
through co-ordinated interplay of homologs of glucosinolate transcriptional regulators namely
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB507FF9815D435BEF1EDD4C4" box="[390,445,1953,1968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">MYB28</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB507FF98159535BEF1AED4C4" box="[455,510,1953,1968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">MYB29</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB507FF98165535BEF26ED4C4" box="[519,574,1953,1968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">MYB34</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB507FF98161535BEF22ED4C4" box="[583,638,1953,1968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">MYB51</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB507FF9816F535BEF2B8D4C4" box="[679,744,1953,1968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">MYB122</emphasis>
|
||
. The thickness of arrow represents the strength of gene expression induction in response to tested biotic elicitors in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB507FF98151F35D1F1C3D4A9" box="[333,403,1998,2013]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB507FF98151F35D1F1C3D4A9" box="[333,403,1998,2013]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">B. juncea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136BCB507FF98171C35ABF55AD4A8" blockId="4.[831,1501,1972,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<tableNote id="76E83732B507FF98171C35ABF55AD4A8" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" targetBox="[853,1484,1283,1951]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<superScript id="7C7B9BF4B507FF98171C35ABF305D4C9" attach="right" box="[846,853,1972,1981]" fontSize="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">a</superScript>
|
||
BjuA.MYB28.1: Homolog of Bra029311; BjuA.MYB28.2: Homolog of Bra0012961 and BjuA.MYB28.3: Homolog of Bra035929.
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136BCB506FF99142433D2F2A6D75E" blockId="5.[87,758,182,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Differential expression of glucosinolate regulators was observed in response to the tested biotic elicitors.After 6 h of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B506FF99160033F6F2D7D288" box="[594,647,489,508]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MeJA</collectionCode>
|
||
treatment, indole glucosinolate regulators such as
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9915A9301BF205D16C" box="[507,597,516,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB34-1</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9916C2301BF2A5D16C" box="[656,757,516,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB122-2</emphasis>
|
||
showed pronounced induction whereas among the aliphatic glucosinolate regulators, only
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9915343023F190D124" box="[358,448,572,592]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB29-1</emphasis>
|
||
showed enhancement in transcript levels (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13352A39B506FF9914B33046F149D118" box="[225,281,601,620]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[113,139,820,834]" captionTargetBox="[408,1202,181,790]" captionTargetId="figure-151@4.[408,1202,181,790]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Expression profiling of MYB transcriptional regulators of aliphatic and indole glucosinolates biosynthesis in B. juncea seedlings. Heat map was constructed based on the relative expression value compared with the non-treated seedling at each time point, using UBQ9 as the reference gene. qRT-PCR was performed for three independent experiments for each target, and the data were averaged." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10486675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10486675/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Other
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF99153C3047F1CAD118" box="[366,410,600,620]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB</emphasis>
|
||
genes showed a down regulation of their transcript levels during early time point of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B506FF991603306AF2D6D1FC" box="[593,646,629,648]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MeJA</collectionCode>
|
||
treatment. Under
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B506FF9914CF308EF0E7D1D0" box="[157,183,657,676]" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">SA</collectionCode>
|
||
treatment, among the regulators of aliphatic glucosinolates, only
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF99149F30B4F177D1CB" box="[205,295,683,703]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB28-3</emphasis>
|
||
showed induction of gene expression after 6 h, whereas among the indole glucosinolate biosynthesis regulators,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9914D930FCF0B4D183" box="[139,228,739,759]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB51-1</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF99154830FCF12FD183" box="[282,383,739,759]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB122-1</emphasis>
|
||
showed up-regulation of their transcripts. Glu was found to induce expression of all the transcriptional regulators of aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis whereas the expression of indole glucosinolate regulators was suppressed or remained unaltered. Wounding was also found to induce the expression of most of the transcriptional regulators of both aliphatic and indole glucosinolates but in a differential manner. For instance,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9914EB31B9F142D0CE" box="[185,274,934,954]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB28-1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF99154D31B9F129D0CE" box="[287,377,934,954]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB28-3</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9915D431B9F18FD0CE" box="[390,479,934,954]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB34-1</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF99164431B9F209D0CE" box="[534,601,934,954]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB51</emphasis>
|
||
were found to be up-regulated while the others showed no variation or reduction in expression levels after 6 h in response to wounding stimulus. Generally, the expression pattern of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9915E931E5F1B7D77A" box="[443,487,1018,1038]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB</emphasis>
|
||
gene homologs was in consonance with the altered glucosinolates profiles of treated seedlings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136BCB506FF991424362CF1B3D474" blockId="5.[87,758,182,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
The expression profile was also analyzed in the seedlings after 24 h of elicitor treatment at which response for both aliphatic and indole glucosinolates was observed. Among the aliphatic glucosinolate regulators,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9915193699F1F4D7EE" box="[331,420,1158,1178]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB29-1</emphasis>
|
||
expression was found to be enhanced after 24 h of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B506FF99150736BCF1DAD7C2" box="[341,394,1187,1206]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MeJA</collectionCode>
|
||
treatment whereas the transcript levels of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9914EC36A2F148D7A5" box="[190,280,1213,1233]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB34-1</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF99150536A2F1ECD7A5" box="[343,444,1213,1233]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB122-2</emphasis>
|
||
homologs showed a decline (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13352A39B506FF99140D36C5F0C6D799" box="[95,150,1242,1261]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[113,139,820,834]" captionTargetBox="[408,1202,181,790]" captionTargetId="figure-151@4.[408,1202,181,790]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Expression profiling of MYB transcriptional regulators of aliphatic and indole glucosinolates biosynthesis in B. juncea seedlings. Heat map was constructed based on the relative expression value compared with the non-treated seedling at each time point, using UBQ9 as the reference gene. qRT-PCR was performed for three independent experiments for each target, and the data were averaged." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10486675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10486675/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Under
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B506FF9914BC36C5F158D799" box="[238,264,1242,1261]" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">SA</collectionCode>
|
||
treatment, expression levels of some
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9916DA36C6F2E4D799" box="[648,692,1241,1261]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB</emphasis>
|
||
genes were found to be enhanced after 24 h of treatment. While transcript levels of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9914A4370EF11FD651" box="[246,335,1297,1317]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB29-1</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9915D7370EF1BAD651" box="[389,490,1297,1317]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB122-1</emphasis>
|
||
showed a sharp increase,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9914053732F0E1D635" box="[87,177,1325,1345]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB28-2</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9914EF3732F146D635" box="[189,278,1325,1345]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB28-4</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9915703732F12BD635" box="[290,379,1325,1345]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB28-5</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9915E23732F1ADD635" box="[432,509,1325,1345]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB34s</emphasis>
|
||
levels were found to be unresponsive to
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B506FF9914AF3755F147D629" box="[253,279,1354,1373]" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">SA</collectionCode>
|
||
application. Interestingly, under Glu treatment, the expression of all aliphatic glucosinolate regulators was higher while that of indole glucosinolate regulators remained suppressed. Expression profiling after wounding suggested that prolonged wounding for a period of 24 h up-regulates the expression of almost all indole glucosinolate regulating
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF99164C37CBF21AD69C" box="[542,586,1492,1512]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB</emphasis>
|
||
genes, possibly reflecting their role during herbivory. Expression of all the
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF99169B37EFF2A5D570" box="[713,757,1520,1540]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB</emphasis>
|
||
genes involved in aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis declined after 48 h of elicitor treatment. However, regulators of indole glucosinolate biosynthesis retained higher expression levels especially under
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B506FF99148D347EF144D500" box="[223,276,1633,1652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MeJA</collectionCode>
|
||
and wounding even after 48 h of treatment. Expression of indole
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9915623463F10CD5E4" box="[304,348,1660,1680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB</emphasis>
|
||
s were very pronounced for a period of 48 h following mechanical injury by wounding. Among the indole glucosinolate regulators,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF99152634ACF189D5B3" box="[372,473,1715,1735]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB122-1</emphasis>
|
||
showed significant up-regulation 48 h post Glu treatment, which coincided with a higher accumulation of 1MOI3M at this stage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136BCB506FF9914243517F3BED2DC" blockId="5.[87,758,182,2015]" lastBlockId="5.[805,1475,182,1066]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
The up-regulation of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF99150F3518F1E7D46F" box="[349,439,1799,1819]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB29-1</emphasis>
|
||
after 24 h of treatment with
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B506FF991405353BF0DCD443" box="[87,140,1828,1847]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MeJA</collectionCode>
|
||
was in agreement with
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF99152C353CF187D443" box="[382,471,1827,1847]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">AtMYB29</emphasis>
|
||
response as reported earlier (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB506FF99140D355FF10BD427" author="Gigolashvili, T. & Yatusevich, R. & Berger, B. & Muller, C. & Flugge, U. I." box="[95,347,1856,1875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" pagination="247 - 261" refId="ref8105" refString="Gigolashvili, T., Yatusevich, R., Berger, B., Muller, C., Flugge, U. I., 2007 b. The R 2 R 3 - MYB transcription factor HAG 1 / MYB 28 is a regulator of methionine-derived glucosinolate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 51, 247 - 261." type="journal article" year="2007">Gigolashvili et al., 2007b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Enhanced accumulation of indole glucosinolates under
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B506FF9915433543F116D41B" box="[273,326,1884,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MeJA</collectionCode>
|
||
treatment was well supported by the up-regulation of its transcriptional regulators. Previous studies in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB506FF991405358CF096D4D3" authorityName=", Frerigmann and Gigolashvili" authorityYear="2014" box="[87,198,1939,1959]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF991405358CF096D4D3" box="[87,198,1939,1959]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Arabidopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB506FF9914AE358CF11AD4D3" box="[252,330,1939,1959]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9914AE358CF11AD4D3" box="[252,330,1939,1959]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Brassica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showed that upon treatment with
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B506FF9916E9358BF2A2D4D3" box="[699,754,1940,1959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MeJA</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF99140535B0F0CCD4B7" box="[87,156,1967,1987]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB34</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF99148235B0F144D4B7" box="[208,276,1967,1987]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB51</emphasis>
|
||
genes encoding indole glucosinolate transcription regulators are up-regulated (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB506FF99158D35D4F2A1D4AB" author="Dombrecht, B. & Xue, G. P. & Sprague, S. J. & Kirkegaard, J. A. & Ross, J. J. & Reid, J. B. & Fitt, G. P. & Sewelam, N. & Schenk, P. M. & Manners, J. M." box="[479,753,1995,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" pagination="2225 - 2245" refId="ref7742" refString="Dombrecht, B., Xue, G. P., Sprague, S. J., Kirkegaard, J. A., Ross, J. J., Reid, J. B., Fitt, G. P., Sewelam, N., Schenk, P. M., Manners, J. M., 2007. MYC 2 differentially modulates diverse jasmonate-dependent functions in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 19, 2225 - 2245." type="journal article" year="2007">Dombrecht et al., 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB506FF99177732A9F455D3BD" author="Wiesner, M. & Hanschen, F. S. & Schreiner, M. & Glatt, H. & Zrenner, R." box="[805,1029,182,202]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" pagination="14996 - 15016" refId="ref9247" refString="Wiesner, M., Hanschen, F. S., Schreiner, M., Glatt, H., Zrenner, R., 2013. Induced production of 1 - methoxy-indol- 3 - ylmethyl glucosinolate by jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate in sprouts and leaves of pak choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 14, 14996 - 15016." type="journal article" year="2013">Wiesner et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, in our study we found that
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF99177732CEF32ED391" box="[805,894,209,229]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB34-1</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9917E332CEF447D391" box="[945,1047,209,229]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB122-2</emphasis>
|
||
were the most abundant transcripts after 6 h of treatment, whereas
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF99100E32F2F4E5D275" box="[1116,1205,237,257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB51-3</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9910AF32F2F533D275" box="[1277,1379,237,257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB122-1</emphasis>
|
||
showed increased levels of expression at 48 h post
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B506FF9910BA3315F54DD269" box="[1256,1309,266,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MeJA</collectionCode>
|
||
treatment. In a recent study in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB506FF991782333AF46FD24D" box="[976,1087,293,313]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF991782333AF46FD24D" box="[976,1087,293,313]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Arabidopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB506FF99101D3339F592D24D" author="Frerigmann, H. & Gigolashvili, T." box="[1103,1474,294,313]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" pagination="814 - 828" refId="ref7952" refString="Frerigmann, H., Gigolashvili, T., 2014. MYB 34, MYB 51, and MYB 122 distinctly regulate indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol. Plant 7, 814 - 828." type="journal article" year="2014">Frerigmann and Gigolashvili (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9917EB335EF3AED221" box="[953,1022,321,341]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB34</emphasis>
|
||
plays a vital role upon JA signaling while
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9917773342F339D205" box="[805,873,349,369]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB51</emphasis>
|
||
is the major regulator of indole glucosinolates upon
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE79B506FF99112F3341F5C7D205" box="[1405,1431,350,369]" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">SA</collectionCode>
|
||
signaling, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9917C93367F3BBD2F8" box="[923,1003,376,396]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB122</emphasis>
|
||
plays only a minor role in JA induced glucosinolate biosynthesis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136BCB506FF99171633AEF527D75E" blockId="5.[805,1475,182,1066]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Increased accumulation of aliphatic glucosinolates under Glu treatment was found to be mainly due to the up-regulation of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF99177733F7F32ED288" box="[805,894,488,508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB29-1</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9917EE33F7F446D288" box="[956,1046,488,508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB28-3</emphasis>
|
||
transcripts. It is therefore evident that although
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9917D5301BF3B0D16C" box="[903,992,516,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB29-1</emphasis>
|
||
plays a minor role in synthesis of basal levels of aliphatic glucosinolate, it is majorly responsible for stimuliinduced accumulation of glucosinolates in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB506FF9910833023F577D124" box="[1233,1319,572,592]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9910833023F577D124" box="[1233,1319,572,592]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">B. juncea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We also found that all the homologs of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF99104B3047F40DD118" box="[1049,1117,600,620]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB28</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9910DC3047F4B8D118" box="[1166,1256,600,620]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB29-1</emphasis>
|
||
were induced by Glu.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF991777306BF339D1FC" box="[805,873,628,648]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB28</emphasis>
|
||
has been identified as one of the very rapidly up-regulated genes in response to Glu treatment in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB506FF9910E63090F54ED1D7" box="[1204,1310,655,675]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9910E63090F54ED1D7" box="[1204,1310,655,675]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seedlings using microarray as well as functional genomic data (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB506FF99115F30B3F338D1AF" author="Gigolashvili, T. & Yatusevich, R. & Berger, B. & Muller, C. & Flugge, U. I." pageId="5" pageNumber="48" pagination="247 - 261" refId="ref8105" refString="Gigolashvili, T., Yatusevich, R., Berger, B., Muller, C., Flugge, U. I., 2007 b. The R 2 R 3 - MYB transcription factor HAG 1 / MYB 28 is a regulator of methionine-derived glucosinolate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 51, 247 - 261." type="journal article" year="2007">Gigolashvili et al., 2007b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB506FF9917D330D7F4FED1AF" author="Zimmermann, P. & Hirsch-Hoffmann, M. & Hennig, L. & Gruissem, W." box="[897,1198,712,732]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" pagination="2621 - 2632" refId="ref9476" refString="Zimmermann, P., Hirsch-Hoffmann, M., Hennig, L., Gruissem, W., 2004. GENEVESTIGATOR: Arabidopsis microarray database and analysis toolbox. Plant Physiol. 136, 2621 - 2632." type="journal article" year="2004">Zimmermann et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF99108030D8F546D1AF" box="[1234,1302,711,731]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB51</emphasis>
|
||
expression in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D3FB506FF99177730FCF3C4D183" authorityName=", Frerigmann and Gigolashvili" authorityYear="2014" box="[805,916,739,759]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF99177730FCF3C4D183" box="[805,916,739,759]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Arabidopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
leaves is induced by wounding or touch, while
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF99112C30FCF593D183" box="[1406,1475,739,759]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB34</emphasis>
|
||
expression remains unaffected (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B4DB506FF991032311FF500D067" author="Gigolashvili, T. & Berger, B. & Mock, H. P. & Muller, C. & Weisshaar, B. & Flugge, U. I." box="[1120,1360,768,788]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" pagination="886 - 901" refId="ref8043" refString="Gigolashvili, T., Berger, B., Mock, H. P., Muller, C., Weisshaar, B., Flugge, U. I., 2007 a. The transcription factor HIG 1 / MYB 51 regulates indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 50, 886 - 901." type="journal article" year="2007">Gigolashvili et al., 2007a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Our study showed that all the indole glucosinolate regulators were induced by wounding but in a time-dependant manner in which, after 48 h, all the homologs showed increased expression. Among the aliphatic glucosinolates regulators, only
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9910323170F4EAD0F7" box="[1120,1210,879,899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB28-3</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAAEB506FF9910BF3170F517D0F7" box="[1261,1351,879,899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">MYB29-1</emphasis>
|
||
were found to be wound responsive. The differences between enhancement of glucosinolate levels and transcript up-regulation at different stages suggest the involvement of other transcriptional regulators and biosynthetic genes in glucosinolate biosynthesis. These need to be investigated to dissect the complete transcriptional network involved in the environmental regulation of glucosinolates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |