235 lines
27 KiB
XML
235 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="A8385945AB50DA56939704169147BC04" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4136.1.4" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4136.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d620461c-f45a-4ea5-800c-ed6298e631bd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="261786" ID-ZooBank="BBC55637-6919-43B3-BB85-83E2AFFE2CED" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1467726852934" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stonis, Jonas R., Diškus, Arūnas, Remeikis, Andrius, Davis, Donald R., Solis, M. Alma & Torres, Nixon Cumbicus" docDate="2016" docId="03B47A7DFFEFA13DD7C141F8AC09FC52" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4136.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4136 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stigmella" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="124" masterDocId="FF8D0205FFF9A12AD7564160A92DFFBF" masterDocTitle="The first record of Baccharis L. (Asteraceae) as a host-plant genus for Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera), with description of new Stigmella species from South America" masterLastPageNumber="128" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="123" updateTime="1698363551601" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="8DB62B6BE3E286D2FB0337EC39B44746">The first record of Baccharis L. (Asteraceae) as a host-plant genus for Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera), with description of new Stigmella species from South America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F26A14B46FA55F01408828EF48D3B5B0">Stonis, Jonas R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="510D3BCC7C370A2C36BBD605ABDF7EF3">Diškus, Arūnas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FC1EBCA7290FAE1693F6813266C3B007">Remeikis, Andrius</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6A46C3DB7D772955DC6DFD13EB6E3E0B">Davis, Donald R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="350F1FD226D694D25285DF3332C2DDE4">Solis, M. Alma</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FCA2530023FAAE501C35435E927954E4">Torres, Nixon Cumbicus</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B07BA712DD61ABEA1D579FF2D010C266">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="67C921F4E31B92E011B6D88A9E91641D">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BD28C1212A82F897070A2B2FF0B26271">4136</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="80EC891DFF52303B9E3C7942CDF3709D" type="Zenodo-Dep">261786</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B47A7DFFEFA13DD7C141F8AC09FC52" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6070515" ID-GBIF-Taxon="121269106" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6070515" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B47A7DFFEFA13DD7C141F8AC09FC52" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B47A7DFFEFA13DD7C141F8AC09FC52" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
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<subSubSection id="C30798E0FFEFA13CD7C141F8A89BFF0D" box="[151,438,151,178]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA2CB6BFFEFA13CD7C141F8A89BFF0D" blockId="22.[151,438,151,211]" box="[151,438,151,178]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
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<heading id="D0EA7C07FFEFA13CD7C141F8A89BFF0D" bold="true" box="[151,438,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9691779FFEFA13CD7C141F8A89BFF0D" bold="true" box="[151,438,151,178]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
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7.
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<taxonomicName id="4C1DB0E8FFEFA13CD7E241F7A808FF0E" ID-CoL="9G24S" box="[180,293,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9691779FFEFA13CD7E241F7A808FF0E" bold="true" box="[180,293,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Stigmella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species 609
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30798E0FFEFA13CD7C141DAA8A4FF6C" box="[151,393,186,211]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA2CB6BFFEFA13CD7C141DAA8A4FF6C" blockId="22.[151,438,151,211]" box="[151,393,186,211]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFEFA13CD7C941DAA9CAFF6C" box="[159,231,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1980,2002]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1959]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. Current records of Stigmella species feeding on plants from the genus Baccharis L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261788/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFEFA13CD7A541DBA82EFF6C" box="[243,259,187,211]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1901,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,986,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,986,1880]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. Baccharis latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., Asteraceae, Ecuador, elevation 3165 m; 2, mining larvae of Stigmella species 609 in leaf of B. latifolia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261787/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFEFA13CD65941DAA800FF6C" box="[271,301,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURES 51 – 54" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1888,1911]" captionTargetBox="[249,1406,208,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1867]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 51 – 54. Female genitalia of Stigmella species feeding on Baccharis (ZMUC). 51, S. species 610; 52, S. latifoliae Remeikis, Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., not belonging to the type-series; 53, S. baccharicola Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., not belonging to the type-series; 54, S. species 609." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261797/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">54</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFEFA13CD66F41DAA8ACFF6C" box="[313,385,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURES 89 – 96" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1963,1986]" captionTargetBox="[252,1309,446,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[168,1404,443,1945]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 89 – 96. Stigmella species 609. 89, 91, habitat, NW of Alóag, Pichincha Province, Ecuador, the equatorial Andes, elevation 3165 m; 90, host-plant Baccharis latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.; 92, 94, 95, leaf-mines; 96, pupa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261804/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">89–96</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30798E0FFEFA13CD7C14062ABBEFE38" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA2CB6BFFEFA13CD7C14062ABBEFE38" blockId="22.[151,1436,258,391]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
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<emphasis id="B9691779FFEFA13CD7C14062A851FEA4" bold="true" box="[151,380,258,283]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Material examined</emphasis>
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. ♀,
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<collectingCountry id="F30A8BFBFFEFA13CD6E54063AB12FEA4" box="[435,575,259,283]" name="Ecuador" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
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: Pichincha Province,
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<quantity id="4CE5668EFFEFA13CD46F4063AAAEFEA4" box="[825,899,258,283]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
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NW Alóag,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE29ADACFFEFA13CD34D4062ADA3FEA4" box="[1051,1166,258,283]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" precision="15" value="-0.44666666">0°26'48"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE29ADACFFEFA13CD3CB4063AC0AFEA4" box="[1181,1319,259,283]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" precision="15" value="-78.62556">78°37'32"W</geoCoordinate>
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, elevation
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<quantity id="4CE5668EFFEFA13CD7C14046A81FFE81" box="[151,306,294,319]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1825" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="3.165" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" unit="m" value="3182.5" valueMax="3200.0" valueMin="3165.0">3165–3200 m</quantity>
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a.s.l., mining larvae on
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<taxonomicName id="4C1DB0E8FFEFA13CD5154046AAD7FE81" authority="(Ruiz & Pav.) Pers." authorityName="(Ruiz & Pav.) Pers." box="[579,1018,294,319]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latifolia">
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<emphasis id="B9691779FFEFA13CD5154046AA3BFE80" box="[579,790,294,319]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Baccharis latifolia</emphasis>
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(Ruiz & Pav.)
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<collectingCountry id="F30A8BFBFFEFA13CD4964047AADBFE81" box="[960,1014,295,318]" name="Iran" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Pers</collectingCountry>
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.
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<date id="FFA3EDABFFEFA13CD3504046AD54FE80" box="[1030,1145,294,319]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" value="2014-02-10">10.ii.2014</date>
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, leg. A. Remeikis & J. R. Stonis, genitalia slide no. RA610♀ (
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<collectionCode id="ED0C53AEFFEFA13CD566402BABAAFEDC" box="[560,647,331,355]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">ZMUC</collectionCode>
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); leaf-mines with mining larvae (not reared), same locality,
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<date id="FFA3EDABFFEFA13CD27D402AACB5FEDD" box="[1323,1432,330,354]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" value="2005-01-12">12.i.2005</date>
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, field card no. 4807, A. Diškus & J. R. Stonis.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF629BE3FFEFA13CD7C146CBADEEF85F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261804/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" targetBox="[252,1309,446,1944]" targetPageId="22">
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<paragraph id="8BA2CB6BFFEFA13CD7C146CBADEEF85F" blockId="22.[151,1436,1963,2016]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
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<emphasis id="B9691779FFEFA13CD7C146CBA862F87F" bold="true" box="[151,335,1963,1986]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">FIGURES 89–96</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C1DB0E8FFEFA13CD60B46CBA891F87F" box="[349,444,1963,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9691779FFEFA13CD60B46CBA891F87F" box="[349,444,1963,1984]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Stigmella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species 609. 89, 91, habitat, NW of Alóag, Pichincha Province, Ecuador, the equatorial Andes, elevation 3165 m; 90, host-plant
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<taxonomicName id="4C1DB0E8FFEFA13CD6B346AAAA5DF85F" authority="(Ruiz & Pav.) Pers." authorityName="(Ruiz & Pav.) Pers." box="[485,880,1994,2016]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latifolia">
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<emphasis id="B9691779FFEFA13CD6B346AAAB8EF860" box="[485,675,1994,2015]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Baccharis latifolia</emphasis>
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(Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.
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</taxonomicName>
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; 92, 94, 95, leaf-mines; 96, pupa.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C30798E0FFEEA13DD79141F7A863FEA2" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA2CB6BFFEEA13DD79141F7A863FEA2" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
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<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD79141F7A86CFF0F" bold="true" box="[199,321,151,176]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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This species most resembles other species feeding on
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<taxonomicName id="4C1DB0E8FFEEA13DD4EE41F7ADA1FF0F" box="[952,1164,151,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latifolia">
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<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD4EE41F7ADA1FF0F" box="[952,1164,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Baccharis latifolia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the female genitalia (males unknown):
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<taxonomicName id="4C1DB0E8FFEEA13DD63C41DCAB6DFF6A" box="[362,576,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifoliae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD63C41DCAB6DFF6A" box="[362,576,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Stigmella latifoliae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25AAA02FFEEA13DD51141DCAB8CFF6B" box="[583,673,188,213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD51141DCABB7FF6A" bold="true" box="[583,666,188,213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">sp. nov</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1DB0E8FFEEA13DD58F41DDAAA4FF6A" box="[729,905,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baccharicola" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD58F41DDAAA4FF6A" box="[729,905,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">S. baccharicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25AAA02FFEEA13DD4C741DCAAC6FF6B" box="[913,1003,188,213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD4C741DCAAC9FF6A" bold="true" box="[913,996,188,213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">sp. nov</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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It differs from these species in a large accessory sac and slender anterior apophyses. It differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C1DB0E8FFEEA13DD40A4180AD22FF47" box="[860,1039,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baccharicola">
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<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD40A4180AD22FF47" box="[860,1039,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">S. baccharicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in a yellow larva; larva of of this species is green.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30798E0FFEEA13DD7914047AAFBFCE2" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2CB6BFFEEA13DD7914047A8AAFEFF" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1005]" box="[199,391,295,320]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD7914047A829FEFF" bold="true" box="[199,260,295,320]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Male</emphasis>
|
||
. Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2CB6BFFEEA13DD791402CA8FDFE12" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD791402CA833FEDA" bold="true" box="[199,286,332,357]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFEEA13DD67B402CA852FEDA" box="[301,383,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 89 – 96" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1963,1986]" captionTargetBox="[252,1309,446,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[168,1404,443,1945]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 89 – 96. Stigmella species 609. 89, 91, habitat, NW of Alóag, Pichincha Province, Ecuador, the equatorial Andes, elevation 3165 m; 90, host-plant Baccharis latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.; 92, 94, 95, leaf-mines; 96, pupa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261804/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Fig. 96</figureCitation>
|
||
) (n=1). Head: antenna slightly longer than half the length of forewing; flagellum dark grey or fuscous.Thorax, tegula and forewing fuscous. Fascia of forewing near postmedian. Abdomen dark brown to fuscous (also see Remarks).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2CB6BFFEEA13DD79140D7ADB0FD82" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD79140D7A8BCFE6F" bold="true" box="[199,401,439,464]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFEEA13DD6F340D7A8D2FE6F" box="[421,511,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 51 – 54" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1888,1911]" captionTargetBox="[249,1406,208,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1867]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 51 – 54. Female genitalia of Stigmella species feeding on Baccharis (ZMUC). 51, S. species 610; 52, S. latifoliae Remeikis, Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., not belonging to the type-series; 53, S. baccharicola Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., not belonging to the type-series; 54, S. species 609." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261797/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
|
||
). Total length about 680 µm. Abdominal apex broad (105–130 µm), rounded. Apophyses anteriores slender, same length as apophyses posteriores. Vestibulum relatively broad, without sclerites. Accessory sac large, folded. Ductus spermathecae narrow, with 1 coil (chitinized convolution). Corpus bursae broad (335 µm), rounded, covered with numerous comb-like pectinations but without signa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2CB6BFFEEA13DD7914327AAFBFCE2" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD7914327A867FDDF" bold="true" box="[199,330,583,608]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Bionomics.</emphasis>
|
||
Larvae mine in leaves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFEEA13DD5314327AB9EFDDF" box="[615,691,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1901,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,986,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,986,1880]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. Baccharis latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., Asteraceae, Ecuador, elevation 3165 m; 2, mining larvae of Stigmella species 609 in leaf of B. latifolia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261787/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFEEA13DD5944328AA11FDDF" box="[706,828,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 89 – 96" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1963,1986]" captionTargetBox="[252,1309,446,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[168,1404,443,1945]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 89 – 96. Stigmella species 609. 89, 91, habitat, NW of Alóag, Pichincha Province, Ecuador, the equatorial Andes, elevation 3165 m; 90, host-plant Baccharis latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.; 92, 94, 95, leaf-mines; 96, pupa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261804/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">92, 94, 95</figureCitation>
|
||
). Host-plant:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DB0E8FFEEA13DD48D4327A809FD3B" authority="(Ruiz & Pav.) Pers." authorityName="(Ruiz & Pav.) Pers." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD48D4327AD9DFDDF" box="[987,1200,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Baccharis latifolia</emphasis>
|
||
(Ruiz & Pav.)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30A8BFBFFEEA13DD2334328ACB4FDE0" box="[1381,1433,584,607]" name="Iran" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Pers</collectingCountry>
|
||
. (Asteraceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFEEA13DD662430CA856FD3B" box="[308,379,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1901,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,986,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,986,1880]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. Baccharis latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., Asteraceae, Ecuador, elevation 3165 m; 2, mining larvae of Stigmella species 609 in leaf of B. latifolia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261787/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFEEA13DD6DC430CA887FD3B" box="[394,426,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURES 89 – 96" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1963,1986]" captionTargetBox="[252,1309,446,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[168,1404,443,1945]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 89 – 96. Stigmella species 609. 89, 91, habitat, NW of Alóag, Pichincha Province, Ecuador, the equatorial Andes, elevation 3165 m; 90, host-plant Baccharis latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.; 92, 94, 95, leaf-mines; 96, pupa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261804/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">90</figureCitation>
|
||
). Egg on upper side of leaf. Larva greyish green to green, with brown-green intestine and brown head; mine in January and February (judging on available old leaf-mines, also can mine in September– November). The long sinuous or contorted gallery of leaf-mine with central line of black frass; sometimes frass line varies in width and often fills most of gallery width; therefore leaf-mines not always easily observed; sometimes frass line can be interrupted (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFEEA13DD6B6439CAB04FCAB" box="[480,553,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1901,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,986,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,986,1880]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. Baccharis latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., Asteraceae, Ecuador, elevation 3165 m; 2, mining larvae of Stigmella species 609 in leaf of B. latifolia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261787/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFEEA13DD560439CABADFCAA" box="[566,640,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 89 – 96" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1963,1986]" captionTargetBox="[252,1309,446,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[168,1404,443,1945]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 89 – 96. Stigmella species 609. 89, 91, habitat, NW of Alóag, Pichincha Province, Ecuador, the equatorial Andes, elevation 3165 m; 90, host-plant Baccharis latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.; 92, 94, 95, leaf-mines; 96, pupa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261804/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">92, 95</figureCitation>
|
||
); initial part of gallery often follows leaf veins, occassionally starts on underside. Larval exit slit on upper side of the leaf. Cocoon dark beige-brown. Adults emerged in February. Abundant mining in all observed localities in Alóag (Pichincha Province).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30798E0FFEEA13DD7914207AAFFFC1B" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2CB6BFFEEA13DD7914207AAFFFC1B" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD7914207A874FC3F" bold="true" box="[199,345,871,896]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFEEA13DD63A4207A899FC3F" box="[364,436,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1980,2002]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1959]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. Current records of Stigmella species feeding on plants from the genus Baccharis L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261788/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species occurs in cloud forests or related habitats on the western slopes of the equatorial Andes (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30A8BFBFFEEA13DD63242ECA8E8FC1A" box="[356,453,908,933]" name="Ecuador" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
) at altitudes about
|
||
<quantity id="4CE5668EFFEEA13DD5CC42ECAA18FC1B" box="[666,821,908,932]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="3150.0" valueMax="3200.0" valueMin="3100.0">3100–3200 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326D7EEFFEEA13DD41542ECAAE8FC1B" box="[835,965,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 89 – 96" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1963,1986]" captionTargetBox="[252,1309,446,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[168,1404,443,1945]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 89 – 96. Stigmella species 609. 89, 91, habitat, NW of Alóag, Pichincha Province, Ecuador, the equatorial Andes, elevation 3165 m; 90, host-plant Baccharis latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.; 92, 94, 95, leaf-mines; 96, pupa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261804/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Figs 89, 91</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30798E0FFEEA13DD79142CFAC09FC52" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2CB6BFFEEA13DD79142CFAC09FC52" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD79142CFA819FC77" bold="true" box="[199,308,943,968]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. Description of external features are based on completely developed female pupae. This new species, associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DB0E8FFEEA13DD61C42B4AB36FC52" box="[330,539,980,1005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691779FFEEA13DD61C42B4AB36FC52" box="[330,539,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Baccharis latifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a host-plant, is left unnamed until more material will be collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |