289 lines
33 KiB
XML
289 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="CE9A73CD0D9DF14A6FDA9B903C7B89EC" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.196669" ID-GBIF-Dataset="70c7165d-3004-4826-a296-710cd0673bb8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="196669" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460249012601" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sanamyan, Karen, Schories, Dirk & Sanamyan, Nadya" docDate="2010" docId="03B43956CE02FFCBFF45FD19FD95A8CE" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02537p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2537" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Distaplia arnbackae Sanamyan, Schories & Sanamyan, 2010, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="66" masterDocId="FF8D412ECE04FFC3FFD2FFBBFFDFAF22" masterDocTitle="New records of aplousobranch ascidians from Central Chile" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="58" pageNumber="64" updateTime="1698242319742" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="96BA7305F906B9E747E77B83197A2AF0">
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<mods:title id="CAD5ED1B3515B9A56DB22731C643C688">New records of aplousobranch ascidians from Central Chile</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BA74BC196FFC518065FE7ED083FA035A">Sanamyan, Karen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="871AC0FCDEBFAA7E9F0C4EE521BAC3E9">Schories, Dirk</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5B32061D6BD88996B7187A049F1D6B49">Sanamyan, Nadya</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A9A1A95AF6316CA97AD56A9929911687">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="65632C2D6FA45FE449EF358A44BB1904">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E8E0142DC947EF3E2006EF664066173A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="63DD412985D2B2E42323771BB19CA92A">2537</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="F87AAB4D8237AD7FA5EE5E17ED3E43E8" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.196669</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B43956CE02FFCBFF45FD19FD95A8CE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6195862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119391097" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6195862" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B43956CE02FFCBFF45FD19FD95A8CE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B43956CE02FFCBFF45FD19FD95A8CE" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">
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<subSubSection id="C307DBCBCE02FFC5FF45FD19FEAEADC0" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA28840CE02FFC5FF45FD19FE0CAD9E" blockId="6.[151,467,674,738]" box="[151,467,674,700]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">
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<heading id="D0EA3F2CCE02FFC5FF45FD19FE0CAD9E" bold="true" box="[151,467,674,700]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9695452CE02FFC5FF45FD19FE0CAD9E" bold="true" box="[151,467,674,700]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE02FFC5FF45FD19FE55AD9E" box="[151,394,674,700]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnbackae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9695452CE02FFC5FF45FD19FE55AD9E" bold="true" box="[151,394,674,700]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">Distaplia arnbackae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25AE929CE02FFC5FE43FD19FE0CAD9E" box="[401,467,674,700]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA28840CE02FFC5FF4CFD73FEAEADC0" blockId="6.[151,467,674,738]" box="[158,369,712,738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132694C5CE02FFC5FF74FD73FEC7ADC0" box="[166,280,712,738]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1547,1571]" captionText="FIGURE 4. Distaplia arnbackae n. sp. A, B, zooids; C, larva." pageId="6" pageNumber="64">Figures 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132694C5CE02FFC5FEF6FD73FEEDADC0" box="[292,306,712,738]" captionStart="FIGURE 6. A, B" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1734,1758]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,197,1708]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,197,1709]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. A, B, Aplidiopsis chilensis n. sp. C, D, E, Eudistoma clivosum n. sp. F, G, H, Distaplia arnbackae n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196673/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">6</figureCitation>
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F–H)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C307DBCBCE02FFC5FF45FCA9FE2BAC0B" box="[151,500,786,809]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA28840CE02FFC5FF45FCA9FE2BAC0B" blockId="6.[151,1011,786,841]" box="[151,500,786,809]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0DAF6ECE02FFC5FF45FCA9FE2BAC0B" box="[151,500,786,809]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE02FFC5FF45FCA9FF25AC0B" box="[151,250,786,809]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9695452CE02FFC5FF45FCA9FF25AC0B" box="[151,250,786,809]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">Distaplia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
sp.
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABCAE51CE02FFC5FEF4FCA9FE2FAC0B" author="Arnback" box="[294,496,786,809]" page="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" year="1929">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF5B1CE02FFC5FEF4FCA9FE17AC0B" author="Arnback" box="[294,456,786,809]" pageId="6" pageNumber="68" refString="Arnback, C. (1929) Chilean tunicates. Ascidians from the Guaitecas Islands. Arkiv for Zoologi, 21, 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1929">Ärnbäck, 1929</bibRefCitation>
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: 14
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C307DBCBCE02FFC5FF45FC89FC2CAC6B" box="[151,1011,818,841]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA28840CE02FFC5FF45FC89FC2CAC6B" blockId="6.[151,1011,786,841]" box="[151,1011,818,841]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0DAF6ECE02FFC5FF45FC89FC2CAC6B" box="[151,1011,818,841]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE02FFC5FF45FC89FD82AC6B" authority="Van Name, 1954: 8" authorityName="Van Name" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1954" box="[151,605,818,841]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
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<emphasis id="B9695452CE02FFC5FF45FC89FE5DAC6B" box="[151,386,818,841]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">Distaplia occidentalis</emphasis>
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||
:
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABCAE51CE02FFC5FE42FC89FD82AC6B" author="Van" box="[400,605,818,841]" page="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" year="1954">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF5B1CE02FFC5FE42FC89FD99AC6B" author="Van" box="[400,582,818,841]" pageId="6" pageNumber="68" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1954) Ascidians (Ascidiacea). Reports of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948 - 1949, 2, 3 - 16." type="journal article" year="1954">Van Name, 1954</bibRefCitation>
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: 8
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(Not
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<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE02FFC5FD4EFC89FC38AC6B" authority="Bancroft, 1899" authorityName="Bancroft" authorityYear="1899" box="[668,999,818,841]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
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<emphasis id="B9695452CE02FFC5FD4EFC89FCE2AC6B" box="[668,829,818,841]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">D. occidentalis</emphasis>
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Bancroft, 1899
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C307DBCBCE02FFC5FF45FCCCFE84AB20" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA28840CE02FFC5FF45FCCCFE84AB20" blockId="6.[151,1437,887,1996]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">
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||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE02FFC5FF45FCCCFE52ACB3" bold="true" box="[151,397,887,913]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F30AC8D0CE02FFC5FE46FCC3FE08ACB0" box="[404,471,888,914]" name="Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">Chile</collectingCountry>
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||
, 4. region, Punta de Choros: Bajo tiburon,
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||
<quantity id="4CE525A5CE02FFC5FC19FCC3FBDEACB0" box="[971,1025,888,914]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="15.0">15m</quantity>
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||
, 1 colony;
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||
<quantity id="4CE525A5CE02FFC5FB50FCC3FB66ACB0" box="[1154,1209,888,914]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="17.0">17m</quantity>
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||
, several fragments;
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||
<collectingCountry id="F30AC8D0CE02FFC5FF45FC26FF03AC95" box="[151,220,925,951]" name="Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">Chile</collectingCountry>
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||
, 10. region, Caleta la Arena, 0
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<date id="FFA3AE80CE02FFC5FD83FC26FD30AC95" box="[593,751,925,951]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" value="2009-04-04">4 April 2009</date>
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||
, several colonies (
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||
<typeStatus id="54A636E2CE02FFC5FC02FC26FB9DAC95" box="[976,1090,925,951]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="ED0C1085CE02FFC5FB99FC26FB7AAC95" box="[1099,1189,925,951]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">KBPIG</collectionCode>
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||
1399/1). Additional specimens: 10. region: Caleta la Arena, several colonies¸ Yaldad (Chiloe),
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<date id="FFA3AE80CE02FFC5FBDBFC79FB01ACFE" box="[1033,1246,962,988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" value="2007-02-25">25 February 2007</date>
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, mussel culture, several colonies.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C307DBCBCE02FFC4FF14FBB6FF26AE4E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA28840CE02FFC5FF14FBB6FDBCA92E" blockId="6.[151,1437,887,1996]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="B9695452CE02FFC5FF14FBB6FE81AB05" bold="true" box="[198,350,1037,1063]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">Description.</emphasis>
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Younger colonies consist of several small button shaped cormidiums some of which are well separated and some fused together (
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<figureCitation id="132694C5CE02FFC5FDEEFB89FD7EAB6E" box="[572,673,1074,1100]" captionStart="FIGURE 6. A, B" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1734,1758]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,197,1708]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,197,1709]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. A, B, Aplidiopsis chilensis n. sp. C, D, E, Eudistoma clivosum n. sp. F, G, H, Distaplia arnbackae n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196673/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">Figure 6</figureCitation>
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F); larger colonies are mostly solid encrusting sheets or cushions attached to substratum by the whole lower surface. In preservative they are rarely more than
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<quantity id="4CE525A5CE02FFC5FB30FBE3FAF8AB50" box="[1250,1319,1112,1138]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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thick and the largest collected colony is about
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||
<quantity id="4CE525A5CE02FFC5FD92FBC6FDA5ABB5" box="[576,634,1149,1175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
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in extent. The test is free from encrusting or embedded sand and has soft spongy consistence characteristic for many
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<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE02FFC5FD1EFB18FCE6AB9E" box="[716,825,1187,1212]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE02FFC5FD1EFB18FCE6AB9E" box="[716,825,1187,1212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">Distaplia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
species. Zooids open on the upper surface only and are arranged into crowded circular or oval systems, each containing about 10 to 20 zooids with a cloacal opening in its centre. In younger colonies the systems are less crowded and are separated from each other by a shallow groove; smaller, button shaped colonies contain mostly a single system. The colour is very constant, all collected colonies as numerous seen on underwater photographs are always brilliant scarlet red, sometimes with sparse minute granules of white pigment especially between the systems, and often with white dot or a short white band on intersiphonal area of each zooid sometimes extending to the atrial languet. These markings may appear on photographs as small white splashes (
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||
<figureCitation id="132694C5CE02FFC5FC40FA13FC25AAE0" box="[914,1018,1448,1474]" captionStart="FIGURE 6. A, B" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1734,1758]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,197,1708]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,197,1709]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. A, B, Aplidiopsis chilensis n. sp. C, D, E, Eudistoma clivosum n. sp. F, G, H, Distaplia arnbackae n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196673/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">Figure 6</figureCitation>
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G,H). The colour is not retained in preservative (formaline) for a long time, the preservative extracts red pigment, become purple-violet, and colonies fade to gray in about one year.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA28840CE02FFC5FF17F9A3FAEFA8EE" blockId="6.[151,1437,887,1996]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">
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||
Contracted zooids are no more than
|
||
<quantity id="4CE525A5CE02FFC5FDA8F9A3FD60A910" box="[634,703,1560,1586]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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long. Elongated branchial siphon has 6 small rounded lobes. Atrial aperture is a narrow transverse slit with short plain edged anterior languet; sometimes short atrial siphon is present (
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<figureCitation id="132694C5CE02FFC5FEA0F9D9FE03A95E" box="[370,476,1634,1660]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1547,1571]" captionText="FIGURE 4. Distaplia arnbackae n. sp. A, B, zooids; C, larva." pageId="6" pageNumber="64">Figure 4</figureCitation>
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B). Crowded circular muscles form a sphincter around the branchial siphon and similar, but more spaced muscles are around trial aperture. About 15 fine spaced muscles are on the thorax. Some of them originate at the base of the branchial siphon, but most run obliquely from ventral side to the base of the thorax. Branchial sac has four rows of 15 or 16 long stigmata; each row is crossed by a parastigmatic vessel. Oesophageal neck is not especially long, being typically of the same length as the thorax. Obliquely oriented asymmetrical stomach has almost smooth wall, with faint and not always obvious internal plications. There are no apparent subdivisions of the intestine. A conspicuous elongated gastric reservoir lies in the gut loop and sometimes fills whole free space there. Gonads are on the right and below the pole of the gut loop. Male follicles form a loose rosette or a bunch with their ducts converging to the proximal end of the vas deferens in the centre of the bunch. One to three large ova are just below the gut loop.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA28840CE03FFC4FF17FF23FF26AE4E" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,364]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">
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Several colonies contain numerous brood pooches with developing embryos and larvae which are mostly detached from zooids and freely lie in the tunic. Up to five larvae may present in each brood pouch. Larvae are elongated, with a trunk up to
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<quantity id="4CE525A5CE03FFC4FDFEFF59FD55AFDE" box="[556,650,226,252]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
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long and a tail reaching a little more than halfway around it. An ocellus and an otolith are present. Adhesive organs are arranged triradially, two ventral ones have a single bulb at ventral side of the bases of their stalk, and a dorsal adhesive organ has two bulbs on the dorsal side of its stalk.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF62D8C8CE03FFC4FF45F9B0FCE6A900" box="[151,825,1547,1571]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA28840CE03FFC4FF45F9B0FCE6A900" blockId="7.[151,825,1547,1571]" box="[151,825,1547,1571]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">
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||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE03FFC4FF45F9B0FEC6A901" bold="true" box="[151,281,1547,1571]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE03FFC4FEF2F9B0FE24A900" box="[288,507,1547,1570]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnbackae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE03FFC4FEF2F9B0FE24A900" box="[288,507,1547,1570]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Distaplia arnbackae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE03FFC4FDD5F9B0FD9BA901" bold="true" box="[519,580,1547,1571]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25AE929CE03FFC4FDD5F9B0FD9BA901" box="[519,580,1547,1571]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, B, zooids; C, larva.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C307DBCBCE03FFC4FF14F9EBFA42A8FD" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA28840CE03FFC4FF14F9EBFA42A8FD" blockId="7.[151,1437,1616,2016]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE03FFC4FF14F9EBFEE0A948" bold="true" box="[198,319,1616,1642]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF5B1CE03FFC4FD6CF9EAFCA4A949" author="Arnback" box="[702,891,1617,1643]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" refString="Arnback, C. (1929) Chilean tunicates. Ascidians from the Guaitecas Islands. Arkiv for Zoologi, 21, 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1929">Ärnbäck (1929)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from Guaitecas Island, a location where it is rather common. A small colony examined by Ärnbäck's (1929) contained only immature zooids. Basing on the structure of zooid she pointed a close similarity of her material with Californian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE03FFC4FB63F920FAB2A996" box="[1201,1389,1691,1716]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE03FFC4FB63F920FAB2A996" box="[1201,1389,1691,1716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">D. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but hesitated to identify Chilean specimens with that species referring to a large geographical distance between the records of these species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF5B1CE03FFC4FE3BF95DFD63A822" box="[489,700,1766,1792]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of American Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article">Van Name (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included Ärnbäck's record under the question to synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE03FFC4FF45F8B0FE98A806" box="[151,327,1803,1828]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE03FFC4FF45F8B0FE98A806" box="[151,327,1803,1828]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">D. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and latter identified specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AC8D0CE03FFC4FCD1F8B0FC9DA807" box="[771,834,1803,1829]" name="Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
with this species. He wrote: "In the present report I venture to assign the Chilean specimens to the North American species, as I am not able to mention any distinguishing characters." (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF5B1CE03FFC4FE0FF8EDFD77A852" author="Van" box="[477,680,1878,1904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1954) Ascidians (Ascidiacea). Reports of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948 - 1949, 2, 3 - 16." type="journal article" year="1954">Van Name, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 9). Nevertheless, although zooids of Chilean species are similar to those of N. American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE03FFC4FE68F8C0FDB3A8B6" box="[442,620,1915,1940]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE03FFC4FE68F8C0FDB3A8B6" box="[442,620,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">D. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the North and South American species appear to be distinct. Indeed, although several
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE03FFC4FEB6F81AFE0CA898" box="[356,467,1953,1978]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE03FFC4FEB6F81AFE0CA898" box="[356,467,1953,1978]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Distaplia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species have distinctive zooids, in many others the zooids are virtually identical and in many cases features of a colony may be more important to delimitate species. Colonies of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE03FFC4FAACF87DFA42A8FD" box="[1406,1437,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">D.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C307DBCBCE0CFFCBFF45FF23FE0EA813" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA28840CE0CFFCBFF45FF23FB78AE4E" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,364]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE0CFFCBFF45FF23FEF6AF93" box="[151,297,152,177]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE0CFFCBFF45FF23FEF6AF93" box="[151,297,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be "light green, variable, dark brown, cadmium-yellow, brick-red, dirty white" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF5B1CE0CFFCBFAE4FF23FEA5AFF5" author="Ritter" pageId="8" pageNumber="68" refString="Ritter, W. E. & Forsyth, R. H. (1917) Ascidian of the littoral zone of southern California. University of California Publications in Zoology, 16, 439 - 512." type="journal article" year="1917">Ritter & Forsyth, 1917: 465</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE0CFFCBFE21FF06FD4CAFF4" box="[499,659,189,214]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnbackae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE0CFFCBFE21FF06FD4CAFF4" box="[499,659,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">D. arnbackae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE0CFFCBFD4EFF06FD00AFF5" bold="true" box="[668,735,189,215]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25AE929CE0CFFCBFD4EFF06FD00AFF5" box="[668,735,189,215]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
colour is very constant and hardly shows even a slight tint variation, being always bright red. Chilean specimens examined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF5B1CE0CFFCBFC1DFF59FB40AFDE" author="Van" box="[975,1183,226,252]" pageId="8" pageNumber="68" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1954) Ascidians (Ascidiacea). Reports of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948 - 1949, 2, 3 - 16." type="journal article" year="1954">
|
||
Van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF5B1CE0CFFCBFBD4FF59FB40AFDE" author="Name" box="[1030,1183,226,252]" pageId="8" pageNumber="68" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1954) Ascidians (Ascidiacea). Reports of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948 - 1949, 2, 3 - 16." type="journal article" year="1954">Name (1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 9) were of the same colour ("red, redbrown or vine red"). Further, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE0CFFCBFCF5FEB3FC11AE03" box="[807,974,264,289]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnbackae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE0CFFCBFCF5FEB3FC11AE03" box="[807,974,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">D. arnbackae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE0CFFCBFC05FEBCFBC2AE03" bold="true" box="[983,1053,263,289]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25AE929CE0CFFCBFC05FEBCFBC2AE03" box="[983,1053,263,289]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, which is always flat (with the exception of very small young colonies containing a single system), in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE0CFFCBFC38FE96FB41AE64" box="[1002,1182,301,326]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE0CFFCBFC38FE96FB41AE64" box="[1002,1182,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">D. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colonies are more or less mushroom shaped, with smaller area of attachment and expanded zooid-bearing top.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF62D8C8CE0CFFCBFF45F93CFB7EA9BC" box="[151,1185,1671,1695]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196672/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" targetBox="[264,1322,418,1649]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA28840CE0CFFCBFF45F93CFB7EA9BC" blockId="8.[151,1185,1671,1695]" box="[151,1185,1671,1695]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE0CFFCBFF45F93CFEC5A9BD" bold="true" box="[151,282,1671,1695]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
A, B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE0CFFCBFE8DF93CFD8CA9BC" box="[351,595,1671,1694]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falklandicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE0CFFCBFE8DF93CFD8CA9BC" box="[351,595,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">Aplidium falklandicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. C, D,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE0CFFCBFD72F93CFCB2A9BC" box="[672,877,1671,1694]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuegiense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE0CFFCBFD72F93CFCB2A9BC" box="[672,877,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">Aplidium fuegiense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. E, F,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE0CFFCBFC60F93CFB45A9BC" box="[946,1178,1671,1694]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruvianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE0CFFCBFC60F93CFB45A9BC" box="[946,1178,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">Aplidium peruvianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA28840CE0CFFCBFF17F977FE0EA813" blockId="8.[151,1436,1740,2028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">
|
||
Colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE0CFFCBFE8AF976FE25A9C4" box="[344,506,1741,1766]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnbackae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE0CFFCBFE8AF976FE25A9C4" box="[344,506,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">D. arnbackae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE0CFFCBFDD1F977FD98A9C4" bold="true" box="[515,583,1740,1766]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25AE929CE0CFFCBFDD1F977FD98A9C4" box="[515,583,1740,1766]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are distinctive and could not be confused with other colonial ascidians occurring in the region. The species is recorded in central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AC8D0CE0CFFCBFC98F949FC55A82E" box="[842,906,1778,1804]" name="Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
from Coquimbo and its range extends to the south to Guaitecas Islands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C307DBCBCE0CFFCBFF17F887FD95A8CE" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA28840CE0CFFCBFF17F887FD95A8CE" blockId="8.[151,1436,1740,2028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">
|
||
No other species of this genus are known from Chilean coasts north off Strait of Magellan. The colonies identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE0CFFCBFEFFF8D9FE64A859" box="[301,443,1890,1915]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colligans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE0CFFCBFEFFF8D9FE64A859" box="[301,443,1890,1915]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">D. colligans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF5B1CE0CFFCBFE34F8D9FD10A85E" box="[486,719,1890,1916]" pageId="8" pageNumber="68" refString="Lagger, C., Haussermann, V., Forsterra, G. & Tatian, M. (2009) Ascidians from the southern Chilean Comau Fjord (Chordata, Ascidiacea). Spixiana, 32, 173 - 185." type="journal article">
|
||
Lagger
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE0CFFCBFD92F8D9FDA5A859" box="[576,634,1890,1915]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from Lilihuapi Island (42°S) are certainly misidentified, they have much smaller larva than usually found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE0CFFCBFD6EF83CFCF6A882" box="[700,809,1927,1952]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE0CFFCBFD6EF83CFCF6A882" box="[700,809,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">Distaplia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the colour photo (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF5B1CE0CFFCBFBE2F83CFACAA883" author="Lagger" box="[1072,1301,1927,1953]" pageId="8" pageNumber="68" refString="Lagger, C., Haussermann, V., Forsterra, G. & Tatian, M. (2009) Ascidians from the southern Chilean Comau Fjord (Chordata, Ascidiacea). Spixiana, 32, 173 - 185." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Lagger
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE0CFFCBFB5EF83CFB18A882" box="[1164,1223,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="132694C5CE0CFFCBFACDF83CFA5DA883" box="[1311,1410,1927,1953]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1732,1756]" captionTargetBox="[363,1209,520,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[348,1239,510,1739]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, Aplidium falklandicum, larva. B, C, Aplidiopsis chilensis n. sp., zooids." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196671/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F) shows colonies very similar to colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE0CFFCBFD40F816FCCCA8E4" box="[658,787,1965,1990]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Diplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE0CFFCBFD40F816FCCCA8E4" box="[658,787,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="66">Diplosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species which is abundand in neighboring waters (e.g. Chiloe Island, our unpublished data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |