172 lines
20 KiB
XML
172 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="5E490E6E3BB61847B395D14BF1DB31B6" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.196669" ID-GBIF-Dataset="70c7165d-3004-4826-a296-710cd0673bb8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="196669" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460249012601" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sanamyan, Karen, Schories, Dirk & Sanamyan, Nadya" docDate="2010" docId="03B43956CE00FFC5FF45FBD9FADFAD6E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02537p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2537" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Eudistoma clivosum Sanamyan, Schories & Sanamyan, 2010, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="FF8D412ECE04FFC3FFD2FFBBFFDFAF22" masterDocTitle="New records of aplousobranch ascidians from Central Chile" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="58" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1698242319742" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="DA2A9B6E4905677B0549CB364EE49D51" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1BF74C1F535B480563EFE6BFABACEAB9">
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<mods:title id="59FF73815EA87F94C28217B82D06A9CA">New records of aplousobranch ascidians from Central Chile</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="75112469832FF3A938AD1E4BE6FE3875" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AD2F08F3D72CA29F974BD406D9E7987E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CC099036B4794CEBFF075C3CD71B0FC3">Sanamyan, Karen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="501072006CA31FD5739C5FACD0249E98">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="55027958404A1807445EF537E6C33EDE">Schories, Dirk</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="F5E68D9CA33A28B851A00F0A11629A0E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="90D75FE09F44D8E04B0DE22117A98A0C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CAA034DA3115870D62E2991831CBC1C7">Sanamyan, Nadya</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="321834EA391E718FA7660050099F0EB5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4562A9E984B25AAC374BCB96DF99893F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3A382D171234E2055B34725C027AE51A">
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<mods:date id="D7BF8D9110F429CDE645A1888120F208">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="DEF8E96C1179C7CCC377701527E92FA7" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5D6B65BF81415C409B2BDD9BCF305A57">2537</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="068431EFA6FC693C46E1236BDCE0A76B">68</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="9058FFADD7D075B4F1EC0E644FCB9363" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.196669</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="468CF51A58D7905E7FC8D7A3F024DAC9" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="643AF8C03AA15DE4EDBB8CAE052667D7" type="Zenodo-Dep">196669</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B43956CE00FFC5FF45FBD9FADFAD6E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6195860" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119391100" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6195860" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B43956CE00FFC5FF45FBD9FADFAD6E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B43956CE00FFC5FF45FBD9FADFAD6E" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
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<subSubSection id="C307DBCBCE00FFC7FF45FBD9FEB6AB80" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA28840CE00FFC7FF45FBD9FE09AB5E" blockId="4.[151,470,1122,1186]" box="[151,470,1122,1148]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
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<heading id="D0EA3F2CCE00FFC7FF45FBD9FE09AB5E" bold="true" box="[151,470,1122,1148]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9695452CE00FFC7FF45FBD9FE09AB5E" bold="true" box="[151,470,1122,1148]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE00FFC7FF45FBD9FE53AB5E" box="[151,396,1122,1148]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Eudistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clivosum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9695452CE00FFC7FF45FBD9FE53AB5E" bold="true" box="[151,396,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Eudistoma clivosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25AE929CE00FFC7FE41FBD9FE09AB5E" box="[403,470,1122,1148]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA28840CE00FFC7FF45FB33FEB6AB80" blockId="4.[151,470,1122,1186]" box="[151,361,1160,1186]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132694C5CE00FFC7FF4DFB33FECFAB80" box="[159,272,1160,1186]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1782,1806]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Eudistoma clivosum n. sp. A, zooid; B, larva." pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Figures 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132694C5CE00FFC7FECFFB33FEF4AB80" box="[285,299,1160,1186]" captionStart="FIGURE 6. A, B" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1734,1758]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,197,1708]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,197,1709]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. A, B, Aplidiopsis chilensis n. sp. C, D, E, Eudistoma clivosum n. sp. F, G, H, Distaplia arnbackae n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196673/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">6</figureCitation>
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C–E)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C307DBCBCE00FFC7FF45FB69FEA6AA15" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA28840CE00FFC7FF45FB69FEA6AA15" blockId="4.[151,1437,1234,2007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis id="B9695452CE00FFC7FF45FB69FE4CABCE" bold="true" box="[151,403,1234,1260]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F30AC8D0CE00FFC7FE4EFB69FE3FABCE" box="[412,480,1234,1260]" name="Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Chile</collectingCountry>
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, 4. region, Punta de Choros: Bajo tiburon,
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<quantity id="4CE525A5CE00FFC7FC3BFB69FBFEABCE" box="[1001,1057,1234,1260]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="17.0">17m</quantity>
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, several large fragments of one colony (
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<typeStatus id="54A636E2CE00FFC7FF24FB43FEBAAA30" box="[246,357,1272,1298]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="ED0C1085CE00FFC7FEBEFB43FE1BAA30" box="[364,452,1272,1298]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">KBPIG</collectionCode>
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1398/1); wreck Lynch,
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<quantity id="4CE525A5CE00FFC7FD0CFB43FCCAAA30" box="[734,789,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="23.0">23m</quantity>
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, one colony;
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<quantity id="4CE525A5CE00FFC7FC60FB43FC36AA30" box="[946,1001,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="25.0">25m</quantity>
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, one colony. All specimens collected at
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<date id="FFA3AE80CE00FFC7FF61FAA6FEABAA15" box="[179,372,1309,1335]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" value="2009-11">November 2009</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C307DBCBCE00FFC6FF14FAF9FD71AEFE" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA28840CE00FFC7FF14FAF9FE3DA9F0" blockId="4.[151,1437,1234,2007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis id="B9695452CE00FFC7FF14FAF9FE81AA7E" bold="true" box="[198,350,1346,1372]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Description.</emphasis>
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Colony is a wide thick mass attached by whole lower side. The edges of the colony are rounded and the surface produced into low lobes. The largest preserved fragment is about
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<quantity id="4CE525A5CE00FFC7FB63FAD3FB34AAA0" box="[1201,1259,1384,1410]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
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wide and
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<quantity id="4CE525A5CE00FFC7FAB1FAD3FA43AAA0" box="[1379,1436,1384,1410]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
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thick. The test is tough and opaque, of spongy consistency (in preservative), without attached or embedded sand grains or other foreign matter. In live zooids are not visible through the test; in preserved colonies the test become slightly clearer (but still opaque) and contracted zooids may appear as white blotches visible through the superficial layer of the tunic. The colour in live varies from lilac to dirty purple, in formaline all specimens are dark purplish to dark brown. Zooids are not pigmented and are opaque whitish. They are arranged into very indistinct rudimentary systems consisting of two, three or four zooids with atrial apertures opening close to each other. Even on living specimens these systems are not always apparent, and in some parts of a colony zooids may appear as randomly distributed. No traces of any sort of depressions or shallow cloacal cavities are associated with systems.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA28840CE00FFC6FF17F966FD71AEFE" blockId="4.[151,1437,1234,2007]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,476]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
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Zooids are strongly contracted, no more than
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<quantity id="4CE525A5CE00FFC7FD09F966FCEAA9D5" box="[731,821,1757,1783]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
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long, and withdrawn to the base of the colony. Both siphons are six lobed, terminal, close to each other, of equal length or, often, the atrial siphon slightly displaced dorsally and longer than the branchial. The branchial sac has three rows of stigmata with 9 or 10 stigmata in the second and third rows (counted in several less contracted zooids); the first row has a few more stigmata but these cannot be counted precisely. The first row of stigmata slightly bents dorsally. Thin well spaced longitudinal muscles originate at the base of the branchial siphon, run on the sides of the thorax and continue as a wide band to the end of the abdomen. The wall of the abdomen is thick and opaque. Digestive tract is typical for the genus with long oesophagus and smooth walled stomach in the end of abdomen. Post pyloric subdivision of the intestine into regions is obscured by contraction of zooids. Neither gastric vesicle nor pyloric gland were detected. Testis follicles are large and numerous, spread beside the gut loop in posterior end of the abdomen. The ovary is at the level of posterior end of the stomach and may contain a few rather large (
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<quantity id="4CE525A5CE01FFC6FEFEFE96FE56AE65" box="[300,393,301,327]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
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) eggs. Up to two large eggs or developing embryos are in atrial cavity of many zooids in colonies collected in November, but tailed larva are few. The trunk of the larva is
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<quantity id="4CE525A5CE01FFC6FB76FEE9FADCAE4E" box="[1188,1283,338,364]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
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long. Three adhesive organs are in the antero-median line. They have typical for
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<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE01FFC6FC32FEC3FBBEAEB3" box="[992,1121,376,401]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Eudistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9695452CE01FFC6FC32FEC3FBBEAEB3" box="[992,1121,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Eudistoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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structure with thick short stalks and wide platforms of numerous closely packed columnar cells in epidermal cups. Adhesive organs alternate with three smaller median ampullae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF62D8C8CE01FFC6FF45F94DFCD9A82F" box="[151,774,1782,1806]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">
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<paragraph id="8BA28840CE01FFC6FF45F94DFCD9A82F" blockId="5.[151,774,1782,1806]" box="[151,774,1782,1806]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="B9695452CE01FFC6FF45F94DFEC6A82C" bold="true" box="[151,281,1782,1806]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE01FFC6FEF2F94CFE28A82C" box="[288,503,1783,1806]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Eudistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clivosum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9695452CE01FFC6FEF2F94CFE28A82C" box="[288,503,1783,1806]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Eudistoma clivosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B9695452CE01FFC6FE2CF94DFDE5A82C" bold="true" box="[510,570,1782,1806]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25AE929CE01FFC6FE2CF94DFDE5A82C" box="[510,570,1782,1806]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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A, zooid; B, larva.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C307DBCBCE01FFC5FF14F880FADFAD6E" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA28840CE01FFC6FF14F880FDEEA859" blockId="5.[151,1437,1851,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="B9695452CE01FFC6FF14F880FEE0A877" bold="true" box="[198,319,1851,1877]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE01FFC6FE1BF887FD99A877" box="[457,582,1852,1877]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Eudistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9695452CE01FFC6FE1BF887FD99A877" box="[457,582,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Eudistoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, comprising 120 valid species, is especially diverse in tropics and rather few species occur in colder waters.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA28840CE01FFC5FF17F83DFEAFAEFE" blockId="5.[151,1437,1851,2027]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,152,588]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">
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The main distinguishing characters of the present species are the shape and colour of the colony, hard tunic of spongy consistency without attached or embedded sand, and presence of rudimental circular systems without cloacal cavities. Zooids are similar to those of many other species of the genus, although a small number of stigmata per row is noticeable. The species could be easily distinguished from both
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<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE02FFC5FACEFF23FA42AF93" box="[1308,1437,152,177]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Eudistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9695452CE02FFC5FACEFF23FA42AF93" box="[1308,1437,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">Eudistoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species known previously from the Pacific coasts of South
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<collectingCountry id="F30AC8D0CE02FFC5FCBAFF06FC0BAFF5" box="[872,980,189,215]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">America</collectingCountry>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE02FFC5FC32FF06FA42AFF5" authority="Michaelsen, 1907" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1907" box="[992,1437,189,215]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Eudistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magalhaensis">
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<emphasis id="B9695452CE02FFC5FC32FF06FB76AFF4" box="[992,1193,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">E. magalhaensis</emphasis>
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(Michaelsen, 1907)
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</taxonomicName>
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originally described from Strait of Magellan and recently redescribed from Guaitecas Islands (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF5B1CE02FFC5FB2DFF59FE94AE00" author="Sanamyan" pageId="6" pageNumber="68" refString="Sanamyan, K. & Schories, D. (2007) Redescription of Eudistoma magalhaensis (Michaelsen, 1907) (Ascidiacea) from Guaitecas Islands, Chile. Zootaxa, 1514, 65 - 68." type="journal article" year="2007">Sanamyan & Schories, 2007</bibRefCitation>
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), has a very different colony consisting of separate clavate lobes. And the second species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE02FFC5FA51FEB3FE3BAE65" authority="Van Name, 1945" authorityName="Van Name" authorityYear="1945" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Eudistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachecae">
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<emphasis id="B9695452CE02FFC5FA51FEB3FED4AE64" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">E. pachecae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF5B1CE02FFC5FEC1FE96FE3BAE65" author="Van" box="[275,484,301,327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="68" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of American Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="1945">Van Name, 1945</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, based on a single small specimen from Bay of
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<collectingCountry id="F30AC8D0CE02FFC5FBEAFE96FB43AE65" box="[1080,1180,301,327]" name="Panama" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">Panama</collectingCountry>
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, has thin transparent gelatinous colony which differ clearly from the present species.
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<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE02FFC5FC48FEE9FB54AE49" box="[922,1163,338,363]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Eudistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clivosum" status="sp. nov.">
|
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<emphasis id="B9695452CE02FFC5FC48FEE9FB54AE49" box="[922,1163,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">Eudistoma clivosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B9695452CE02FFC5FB41FEE9FB08AE4E" bold="true" box="[1171,1239,338,364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25AE929CE02FFC5FB41FEE9FB08AE4E" box="[1171,1239,338,364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
|
||
is not similar to species known from Pacific coasts of North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AC8D0CE02FFC5FD79FEC3FCCEAEB0" box="[683,785,376,402]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
and not appear to be closely related to any tropical or temperate species, most of which, with few exceptions, have more stigmata per row or differ in the structure of colony or larva.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA28840CE02FFC5FF17FE53FADFAD6E" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,588]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">
|
||
The shape and colour of the colony, as appear on underwater photographs, allow distinguishing this species from other colonial ascidians occurring in the studied region. And as in the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE02FFC5FAC3FDB6FF21AD69" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE02FFC5FAC3FDB6FF21AD69" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">Aplidiopsis chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9695452CE02FFC5FED6FD89FE98AD6E" bold="true" box="[260,327,562,588]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25AE929CE02FFC5FED6FD89FE98AD6E" box="[260,327,562,588]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, we never saw similar colonies on photographs taken in more southern locations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |