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<mods:title id="E09C8EFA76C19BEDD57F6703E027FD92">A taxonomic revision of Anthothela (Octocorallia: Scleraxonia: Anthothelidae) and related genera, with the addition of new taxa, using morphological and molecular data</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FF4BE4BF7C9BDE9B" bold="true" box="[151,432,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Anthothela grandiflora</emphasis>
(
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(
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E52FFA3FF43E4927C3CDEF9" box="[159,279,186,211]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-10="FIGURE 14" captionStart-11="FIGURE 15" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStart-3="FIGURE 7" captionStart-4="FIGURE 8" captionStart-5="FIGURE 9" captionStart-6="FIGURE 10" captionStart-7="FIGURE 11" captionStart-8="FIGURE 12" captionStart-9="FIGURE 13" captionStartId-0="20.[151,250,1990,2012]" captionStartId-1="21.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionStartId-10="30.[151,250,1790,1812]" captionStartId-11="31.[151,250,2010,2032]" captionStartId-2="22.[151,250,1972,1994]" captionStartId-3="23.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionStartId-4="24.[151,250,1969,1991]" captionStartId-5="25.[151,250,1002,1024]" captionStartId-6="26.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionStartId-7="27.[151,250,1986,2008]" captionStartId-8="28.[151,250,2015,2037]" captionStartId-9="29.[151,250,1985,2007]" captionTargetBox-0="[171,1413,193,1963]" captionTargetBox-1="[153,1433,185,1712]" captionTargetBox-10="[164,1429,203,1757]" captionTargetBox-11="[178,1412,954,1973]" captionTargetBox-2="[201,1389,202,1909]" captionTargetBox-3="[201,1381,193,1903]" captionTargetBox-4="[189,1407,193,1908]" captionTargetBox-5="[157,1435,193,972]" captionTargetBox-6="[185,1411,215,1718]" captionTargetBox-7="[164,1425,1132,1952]" captionTargetBox-8="[178,1422,193,1987]" captionTargetBox-9="[166,1425,193,1955]" captionTargetId-0="figure@20.[171,1413,193,1970]" captionTargetId-1="figure@21.[151,1435,185,1720]" captionTargetId-10="figure@30.[151,1435,193,1769]" captionTargetId-11="figure@31.[169,1412,949,1984]" captionTargetId-2="figure@22.[172,1395,193,1918]" captionTargetId-3="figure@23.[176,1411,193,1915]" captionTargetId-4="figure@24.[168,1411,193,1926]" captionTargetId-5="figure@25.[151,1435,193,981]" captionTargetId-6="figure@26.[173,1415,203,1733]" captionTargetId-7="figure@27.[151,1435,1129,1963]" captionTargetId-8="figure@28.[164,1422,193,1994]" captionTargetId-9="figure@29.[151,1435,193,1963]" captionTargetPageId-0="20" captionTargetPageId-1="21" captionTargetPageId-10="30" captionTargetPageId-11="31" captionTargetPageId-2="22" captionTargetPageId-3="23" captionTargetPageId-4="24" captionTargetPageId-5="25" captionTargetPageId-6="26" captionTargetPageId-7="27" captionTargetPageId-8="28" captionTargetPageId-9="29" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Holotype fragments; B. Polyps and branches." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Terminal polyp bunch (a. fully retracted polyp); B. Partly retracted polyp; C. Cross-section of decalcified medulla; D. Cross-section of medulla." captionText-10="FIGURE 14. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), tentacle rachis sclerites: A. ZMUC-ANT- 000470; B. NTNU 40338." captionText-11="FIGURE 15. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), NTNU 63139, sclerites: Cortex." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype, sclerites: Point and collaret (a. sclerites with slightly more developed tips)." captionText-3="FIGURE 7. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Tentacular and point sclerites in situ; B. Tentacle rachis sclerites." captionText-4="FIGURE 8. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Tip of cleared tentacle showing crowded sclerites in pinnules; B. Pinnule sclerites (a. spatulate clubs; b. rods and spindles)." captionText-5="FIGURE 9. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Pharyngeal sclerites; B. In situ arrangement of pharyngeal sclerites." captionText-6="FIGURE 10. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype, sclerites: Calyx (a. slightly clavate sclerites)." captionText-7="FIGURE 11. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype, sclerites: Cortex (a. slightly clavate sclerites)." captionText-8="FIGURE 12. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype, sclerites: Medulla." captionText-9="FIGURE 13. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856): A – B. NTNU 67149: (A). Calicular sclerites; (B). Recently collected colony. C. NTNU 67148, recently collected colony. (B – C. Courtesy of Torkild Bakken, NTNU-VM)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/842297/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/842299/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/842317/files/figure.png" httpUri-11="https://zenodo.org/record/842319/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/842301/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/842303/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/842305/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/842307/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/842309/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/842311/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/842313/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/842315/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 4–15</figureCitation>
)
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E52FFA3FF4BE5297F36DF3C" authority="Sars, 1856: 63" authorityName="Sars" authorityPageNumber="63" authorityYear="1856" box="[151,541,256,278]" class="Anthozoa" family="Briareidae" genus="Briareum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflorum">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FF4BE5297CAFDF3C" box="[151,388,256,278]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Briareum grandiflorum</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3E52FFA3FE57E5287F36DF3C" author="Sars" box="[395,541,256,278]" page="63" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1856">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FE57E5287CD2DF3C" author="Sars" box="[395,505,256,278]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Sars, M. (1856) Nouveau polypes. In: Sars, M., Koren, J. &amp; Danielssen, D. C. (Eds.), Fauna littoralis Norvegiae. Beyer, 1846 - 1877, Bergen, pp. 63 - 79." type="book chapter" year="1856">Sars, 1856</bibRefCitation>
: 63
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–65, Pl. X 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E52FFA3FD55E5287E2FDF3C" box="[649,772,256,278]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 10" captionStart-1="FIGURE 11" captionStart-2="FIGURE 12" captionStartId-0="26.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionStartId-1="27.[151,250,1986,2008]" captionStartId-2="28.[151,250,2015,2037]" captionTargetBox-0="[185,1411,215,1718]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1425,1132,1952]" captionTargetBox-2="[178,1422,193,1987]" captionTargetId-0="figure@26.[173,1415,203,1733]" captionTargetId-1="figure@27.[151,1435,1129,1963]" captionTargetId-2="figure@28.[164,1422,193,1994]" captionTargetPageId-0="26" captionTargetPageId-1="27" captionTargetPageId-2="28" captionText-0="FIGURE 10. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype, sclerites: Calyx (a. slightly clavate sclerites)." captionText-1="FIGURE 11. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype, sclerites: Cortex (a. slightly clavate sclerites)." captionText-2="FIGURE 12. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype, sclerites: Medulla." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/842309/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/842311/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/842313/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 10–12</figureCitation>
; 1857: 238; Storm 1879b: 123; 1892: XXVII.
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<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FF4BE5367C70DF1F" box="[151,347,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Anthothela insignis</emphasis>
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: 15
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.
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<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FF4BE5157CA9DF79" box="[151,386,317,339]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Anthothela grandiflora</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FE4CE5157CD7DF79" author="Sars" box="[400,508,317,339]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Sars, M. (1856) Nouveau polypes. In: Sars, M., Koren, J. &amp; Danielssen, D. C. (Eds.), Fauna littoralis Norvegiae. Beyer, 1846 - 1877, Bergen, pp. 63 - 79." type="book chapter" year="1856">Sars, 1856</bibRefCitation>
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: 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FDDAE5157FBDDF79" author="Verrill" box="[518,662,317,339]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1879 a) Notice of recent additions to the marine Invertebrata, of the northeastern coast of America, with descriptions of new genera and species and critical remarks on others. Part I - Annelida, Gephyraea, Nemertina, Nematoda, Polyzoa, Tunicata, Mollusca, Anthozoa, Echinodermata, Porifera. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, 2, 165 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.76.165" type="journal article" year="1879" yearSuffix="a">Verrill 1879a</bibRefCitation>
: 199
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; 1879b: 32; 1883: 40, Pl. IV 
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a; 1885: 535; Storm 1896: XXI; 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3E52FFA3FF1BE5747CBCDF58" author="Whiteaves" box="[199,407,348,370]" page="32" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1901">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FF1BE5747C44DF58" author="Whiteaves" box="[199,367,348,370]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Whiteaves, J. F. (1901) Catalogue of the marine invertebrata of eastern Canada. S. E. Dawson, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, Ottawa, 271 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64454" type="book" year="1901">Whiteaves 1901</bibRefCitation>
: 32
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; (part) 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3E52FFA3FE3EE5747FAADF58" author="Broch" box="[482,641,348,370]" page="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1912">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FE3EE5747F41DF58" author="Broch" box="[482,618,348,370]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Broch, H. (1912 b) Die Alcyonarien des Trondhjemsfjordes. II. Gorgonacea. Det Kongelige Norske Fidenskabers Selskabs Skrifter 1912, 2, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1912" yearSuffix="b">Broch 1912b</bibRefCitation>
: 5
</treatmentCitation>
–9, 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E52FFA3FD75E5747E20DF58" box="[681,779,348,370]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="11.[151,250,1841,1863]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionStartId-2="13.[151,250,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1400,193,1807]" captionTargetBox-1="[185,1374,194,1910]" captionTargetBox-2="[176,1399,193,1927]" captionTargetId-0="figure@11.[151,1435,193,1820]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[185,1392,193,1920]" captionTargetId-2="figure@13.[172,1399,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. A. Cross-section of the holotype of Ƒictorgorgia eminens n. sp. showing extensive boundary canals which frequently anastomose and distinct central canals in the medulla; B. Cross-section of the holotype of Anthothela grandiflora showing boundary canals, adjacent but separate, and a medulla lacking any obvious central canals; C. Extended polyp of the holotype of A. aldersladei n. sp. showing polyp, calyx, points and collaret; D. Partly extended polyp of A. quattriniae n. sp. showing polyp head, calyx, points and collaret and, on right, a fully retracted polyp; E. Spatulate clubs found in Anthothela." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. A. Josephinae clubs found in the pinnules and tentacle rachis of Ƒictorgorgia and Lateothela n. gen.; B. Spindles (93 – 95), needles (86 – 87) and bars (88 – 89) from Bayer et al. 1983, Plate 16; C. Sticks." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Sclerite forms found in the points, calyx and cortex of Anthothela and Ƒictorgorgia species." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/842291/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/842293/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/842295/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
; (?part) 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3E52FFA3FCBEE574790DDF58" author="Molander" box="[866,1062,348,370]" page="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1918">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FCBEE5747925DF58" author="Molander" box="[866,1038,348,370]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Molander, A. R. (1918 c) Membranose ausbildung der kolonien bei Gorgonacea. Arkiv for Zoologi, 11 (21), 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1918" yearSuffix="c">Molander 1918c</bibRefCitation>
: 6
</treatmentCitation>
–8, 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E52FFA3FB91E57479A2DF58" box="[1101,1161,348,370]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1841,1863]" captionTargetBox="[151,1400,193,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,193,1820]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Cross-section of the holotype of Ƒictorgorgia eminens n. sp. showing extensive boundary canals which frequently anastomose and distinct central canals in the medulla; B. Cross-section of the holotype of Anthothela grandiflora showing boundary canals, adjacent but separate, and a medulla lacking any obvious central canals; C. Extended polyp of the holotype of A. aldersladei n. sp. showing polyp, calyx, points and collaret; D. Partly extended polyp of A. quattriniae n. sp. showing polyp head, calyx, points and collaret and, on right, a fully retracted polyp; E. Spatulate clubs found in Anthothela." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842291/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
;? 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3E52FFA3FB7DE574785BDF58" author="Kukenthal" box="[1185,1392,348,370]" page="17" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1919">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FB7DE5747861DF58" author="Kukenthal" box="[1185,1354,348,370]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1919) Gorgonaria. Wissenschaftlishe Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee- Expedition auf dem Dampfer &quot; Faldivia &quot; 1898 - 1899, 13 (2), 1 - 946. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1038 / 078267 a 0" type="journal article" year="1919">Kükenthal 1919</bibRefCitation>
: 17
</treatmentCitation>
, 19, 26, 43–44, 672, 681–685, 730, 788, 796, 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E52FFA3FDA9E5527FE0DFBA" box="[629,715,378,400]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1982,2004]" captionTargetBox="[172,1412,201,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[169,1412,201,1949]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anthothela pacifica (Kükenthal, 1913). A – D. Lectotype, sclerites: (A). Pinnule; (B). Calyx (a. straight club); (C – D). Cortex. E – F. USNM 57981: (E). Colony; (F). Branch fragment. (E – F. Courtesy of NMNH, Dr R. Ford)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842323/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 17</figureCitation>
, 315; (part) 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3E52FFA3FC91E5527EDADFBA" author="Verrill" box="[845,1009,378,400]" page="18" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1922">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FC91E5527EE7DFBA" author="Verrill" box="[845,972,378,400]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1922) The Alcyonaria of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913 - 1918, with a revision of some other Canadian genera and species. Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913 - 1918, 8, 1 - 164." type="journal article" year="1922">Verrill 1922</bibRefCitation>
: 18
</treatmentCitation>
–19, 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E52FFA3FBFAE552794FDFBA" box="[1062,1124,378,400]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[185,1374,194,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[185,1392,193,1920]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Josephinae clubs found in the pinnules and tentacle rachis of Ƒictorgorgia and Lateothela n. gen.; B. Spindles (93 – 95), needles (86 – 87) and bars (88 – 89) from Bayer et al. 1983, Plate 16; C. Sticks." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842293/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
, Pl. VI 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E52FFA3FB6BE5527831DFBA" box="[1207,1306,378,400]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="11.[151,250,1841,1863]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionStartId-2="13.[151,250,1981,2003]" captionStartId-3="20.[151,250,1990,2012]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1400,193,1807]" captionTargetBox-1="[185,1374,194,1910]" captionTargetBox-2="[176,1399,193,1927]" captionTargetBox-3="[171,1413,193,1963]" captionTargetId-0="figure@11.[151,1435,193,1820]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[185,1392,193,1920]" captionTargetId-2="figure@13.[172,1399,193,1938]" captionTargetId-3="figure@20.[171,1413,193,1970]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionTargetPageId-3="20" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. A. Cross-section of the holotype of Ƒictorgorgia eminens n. sp. showing extensive boundary canals which frequently anastomose and distinct central canals in the medulla; B. Cross-section of the holotype of Anthothela grandiflora showing boundary canals, adjacent but separate, and a medulla lacking any obvious central canals; C. Extended polyp of the holotype of A. aldersladei n. sp. showing polyp, calyx, points and collaret; D. Partly extended polyp of A. quattriniae n. sp. showing polyp head, calyx, points and collaret and, on right, a fully retracted polyp; E. Spatulate clubs found in Anthothela." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. A. Josephinae clubs found in the pinnules and tentacle rachis of Ƒictorgorgia and Lateothela n. gen.; B. Spindles (93 – 95), needles (86 – 87) and bars (88 – 89) from Bayer et al. 1983, Plate 16; C. Sticks." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Sclerite forms found in the points, calyx and cortex of Anthothela and Ƒictorgorgia species." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Holotype fragments; B. Polyps and branches." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/842291/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/842293/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/842295/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/842297/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
;? 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3E52FFA3FAECE5527C09DF85" author="Kukenthal" page="14" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FAECE5527DD6DF85" author="Kukenthal" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1924) Coelenterata, Gorgonaria Das Tierreich, 47, 1 - 478." type="journal article" year="1924">Kükenthal 1924</bibRefCitation>
: 14
</treatmentCitation>
–16, 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E52FFA3FE8BE5B17CFFDF85" box="[343,468,409,431]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 13" captionStart-1="FIGURE 14" captionStartId-0="29.[151,250,1985,2007]" captionStartId-1="30.[151,250,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox-0="[166,1425,193,1955]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1429,203,1757]" captionTargetId-0="figure@29.[151,1435,193,1963]" captionTargetId-1="figure@30.[151,1435,193,1769]" captionTargetPageId-0="29" captionTargetPageId-1="30" captionText-0="FIGURE 13. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856): A – B. NTNU 67149: (A). Calicular sclerites; (B). Recently collected colony. C. NTNU 67148, recently collected colony. (B – C. Courtesy of Torkild Bakken, NTNU-VM)." captionText-1="FIGURE 14. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), tentacle rachis sclerites: A. ZMUC-ANT- 000470; B. NTNU 40338." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/842315/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/842317/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 13–14</figureCitation>
; (part) 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3E52FFA3FDFDE5B17FCDDF85" author="Thomson" box="[545,742,409,431]" page="16" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1927">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FDFDE5B17FEBDF85" author="Thomson" box="[545,704,409,431]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Thomson, J. A. (1927) Alcyonaires provenant des campagnes scientifiques du Prince Albert Ier de Monaco. Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Monaco, 73, 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="1927">Thomson 1927</bibRefCitation>
: 16
</treatmentCitation>
–18, Pl. I 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E52FFA3FC93E5B17EB7DF85" box="[847,924,409,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1983,2005]" captionTargetBox="[284,1302,193,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[275,1311,193,1965]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 20. Anthothela vickersi (Benham, 1928) n. comb., holotype: A – B. Different aspects of the colony (Aa, b. side branches; Ba. possible dislodged polyp; Bb. evidence of broken side branch)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842329/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
, Pl. III 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E52FFA3FC32E5B17911DF85" box="[1006,1082,409,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,194,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1435,193,1897]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 34. Anthothela tropicalis Bayer, 1961, holotype, sclerites: Point and collaret." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842357/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
, Pl. IV 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E52FFA3FB52E5B179FDDF85" box="[1166,1238,409,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[201,1389,202,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[172,1395,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype, sclerites: Point and collaret (a. sclerites with slightly more developed tips)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842301/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E52FFA3FB38E5B179D4DF85" box="[1252,1279,409,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1964,1986]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[152,1435,193,1942]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anthothela pacifica (Kükenthal, 1913), lectotype: A – B. Sponge with A. pacifica colony remnants; C. Partly retracted polyp; D. Polyp head; E. Points arrangement; F. Point sclerites; G. Tentacle rachis sclerites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842321/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">16</figureCitation>
, Pl. V 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E52FFA3FA97E5B178BCDF85" box="[1355,1431,409,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox="[156,1437,181,1949]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[155,1439,181,1961]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 28. Anthothela vickersi (Benham, 1928) n. comb., holotype, sclerites: A. Cortex (a. undamaged thorn club); B. Medulla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842345/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3E52FFA3FF1BE5907CA3DFE4" author="Molander" box="[199,392,440,462]" page="35" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1929">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FF1BE5907C4EDFE4" author="Molander" box="[199,357,440,462]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Molander, A. R. (1929) Die Octactiniarien. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901 - 1903, 2 (2), 1 - 86." type="journal article" year="1929">Molander 1929</bibRefCitation>
: 35
</treatmentCitation>
–37; 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3E52FFA3FE67E5907F45DFE4" author="Thomson" box="[443,622,440,462]" page="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1929">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FE67E5907F7DDFE4" author="Thomson" box="[443,598,440,462]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Thomson, J. A. (1929) Alcyonaires des environs de Monaco et de localites diverses. Bull l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco, 26 (354), 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1929">Thomson 1929</bibRefCitation>
: 4
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3E52FFA3FDA5E5907E63DFE4" author="Aurivillius" box="[633,840,440,462]" page="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1931">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FDA5E5907E08DFE4" author="Aurivillius" box="[633,803,440,462]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Aurivillius, M. (1931) The Gorgonarians from Dr. Sixten Bock's expedition to Japan and Bonin Islands 1914. Kungliga Svenska Fetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 9 (4), 1 - 337." type="journal article" year="1931">Aurivillius 1931</bibRefCitation>
: 10
</treatmentCitation>
;? 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3E52FFA3FC87E5907918DFE4" author="Deichmann" box="[859,1075,440,462]" page="75" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FC87E5907925DFE4" author="Deichmann" box="[859,1038,440,462]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Deichmann, E. (1936) The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 3, 1 - 317. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49348" type="journal article" year="1936">Deichmann 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 75
</treatmentCitation>
, 78–79; (part) 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3E52FFA3FB1BE590785BDFE4" author="Stiasny" box="[1223,1392,440,462]" page="20" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FB1BE5907866DFE4" author="Stiasny" box="[1223,1357,440,462]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Stiasny, G. (1937) Die Gorgonacea der Siboga Expedition. Supplement II, Revision der Scleraxonia mit ausschluss der Melitodidae und Coralliidae Siboga Expedition Monograph, 13 b (8), 1 - 138." type="journal article" year="1937">Stiasny 1937</bibRefCitation>
: 20
</treatmentCitation>
–23, Figs. F1, F2, Pl. I 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E52FFA3FEACE5F17C9CDFC5" box="[368,439,473,495]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[201,1389,202,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[172,1395,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype, sclerites: Point and collaret (a. sclerites with slightly more developed tips)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842301/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E52FFA3FE1DE5F27CFBDFC5" box="[449,464,474,495]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[201,1381,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[176,1411,193,1915]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 7. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Tentacular and point sclerites in situ; B. Tentacle rachis sclerites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842303/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">7</figureCitation>
;? 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3E52FFA3FE3FE5F17F84DFC5" author="Verseveldt" box="[483,687,473,495]" page="37" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1940">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FE3FE5F17FA7DFC5" author="Verseveldt" box="[483,652,473,495]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Verseveldt, J. (1940) Studies on Octocorallia of families Briareidae, Paragorgiidae and Anthothelidae. Temminckia, V, 1 - 142." type="book chapter" year="1940">Verseveldt 1940</bibRefCitation>
: 37
</treatmentCitation>
–47, 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E52FFA3FD3DE5F17E70DFC5" box="[737,859,473,495]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 13" captionStart-1="FIGURE 14" captionStart-2="FIGURE 15" captionStartId-0="29.[151,250,1985,2007]" captionStartId-1="30.[151,250,1790,1812]" captionStartId-2="31.[151,250,2010,2032]" captionTargetBox-0="[166,1425,193,1955]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1429,203,1757]" captionTargetBox-2="[178,1412,954,1973]" captionTargetId-0="figure@29.[151,1435,193,1963]" captionTargetId-1="figure@30.[151,1435,193,1769]" captionTargetId-2="figure@31.[169,1412,949,1984]" captionTargetPageId-0="29" captionTargetPageId-1="30" captionTargetPageId-2="31" captionText-0="FIGURE 13. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856): A – B. NTNU 67149: (A). Calicular sclerites; (B). Recently collected colony. C. NTNU 67148, recently collected colony. (B – C. Courtesy of Torkild Bakken, NTNU-VM)." captionText-1="FIGURE 14. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), tentacle rachis sclerites: A. ZMUC-ANT- 000470; B. NTNU 40338." captionText-2="FIGURE 15. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), NTNU 63139, sclerites: Cortex." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/842315/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/842317/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/842319/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 13–15</figureCitation>
; (part) 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3E52FFA3FC7FE5F17978DFC5" author="Madsen" box="[931,1107,473,495]" page="32" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1944">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FC7FE5F1791BDFC5" author="Madsen" box="[931,1072,473,495]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1944) Octocorallia. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, V (13), 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1944">Madsen 1944</bibRefCitation>
: 32
</treatmentCitation>
–33, 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E52FFA3FB58E5F179E5DFC5" box="[1156,1230,473,495]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[189,1393,302,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[189,1393,301,1922]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 32. Anthothela tropicalis Bayer, 1961, holotype: A. Colony diagram from Bayer 1961, Fig. 13 g; B. Colony fragments; C. Fragment examined (a. small retracted polyp); D. Sclerites projecting out from a calyx and cortex. (B. Courtesy of NMNH, Dr R. Ford)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842353/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3E52FFA3FB04E5F178A4DFC5" author="Carlgren" box="[1240,1423,473,495]" page="33" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1945">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FB04E5F17847DFC5" author="Carlgren" box="[1240,1388,473,495]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Carlgren, P. D. O. (1945) Polypdyr III. Koraldyr. Danmarks Fauna, 51, 1 - 167." type="journal article" year="1945">Carlgren 1945</bibRefCitation>
: 33
</treatmentCitation>
– 34, 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E52FFA3FF32E5DF7C00DC27" box="[238,299,503,525]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1969,1991]" captionTargetBox="[189,1407,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[168,1411,193,1926]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 8. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Tip of cleared tentacle showing crowded sclerites in pinnules; B. Pinnule sclerites (a. spatulate clubs; b. rods and spindles)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842305/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FEE4E5D07C94DC27" author="Bayer" box="[312,447,503,525]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1956 b) Octocorallia. In: Moore, R. C. (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part F. Coelenterata. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, pp. 166 - 230 (F 166 - F 230)." type="journal article" year="1956" yearSuffix="b">Bayer 1956b</bibRefCitation>
: F194, Fig. 140,3; 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3E52FFA3FD5EE5D07E0ADC27" author="Bayer" box="[642,801,503,525]" page="67" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FD5EE5D07FD7DC27" author="Bayer" box="[642,764,503,525]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1961) The shallow-water Octocorallia of the West Indian region: a manual for biologists. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 373 pp." type="book" year="1961">Bayer 1961</bibRefCitation>
: 67
</treatmentCitation>
–68; 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3E52FFA3FC89E5DF79C7DC27" author="Tixier-Durivault" box="[853,1260,503,525]" page="1393" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FC89E5DF7980DC27" author="Tixier-Durivault" box="[853,1195,503,525]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Tixier-Durivault, A. &amp; d'Hondt, M. - J. (1974) Les Octocoralliaires de la campagne Biacores. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 174, 1361 - 1433." type="journal article" year="1974">Tixier-Durivault &amp; d'Hondt 1974</bibRefCitation>
: 1393
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3E52FFA3FB2BE5DF7DDBDC06" author="Grasshoff" page="745" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1981">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FB2BE5DF78B3DC27" author="Grasshoff" box="[1271,1432,503,525]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1981) Die gorgonaria, pennatularia and antripatharia des Tiefwassers der Biskaya (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). I. Allgemeiner Teil. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Serie 4, 3 (Section A, No. 3), 731 - 766." type="journal article" year="1981">Grasshoff 1981</bibRefCitation>
: 745
</treatmentCitation>
, Karte 1, 942; 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3E52FFA3FE5AE63E7F91DC06" author="Carpine" box="[390,698,534,556]" page="11" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FE5AE63E7FBCDC06" author="Carpine" box="[390,663,534,556]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Carpine, C. &amp; Grasshoff, M. (1985) Catalogue critique des octocoralliaires des collections du Musee oceanographique de Monaco. I. Gorgonaires et pennatulaires. Bull l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco, 73 (1435), 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1985">Carpine &amp; Grasshoff 1985</bibRefCitation>
: 11
</treatmentCitation>
–12; Verrill in Bayer &amp; Cairns 2004: Pl. 64 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E52FFA3FBA4E63E79E6DC06" box="[1144,1229,534,556]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1969,1991]" captionTargetBox="[189,1407,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[168,1411,193,1926]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 8. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Tip of cleared tentacle showing crowded sclerites in pinnules; B. Pinnule sclerites (a. spatulate clubs; b. rods and spindles)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842305/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 8, 8</figureCitation>
b; 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3E52FFA3FB34E63E7C1BDC61" author="Watling" page="292" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FB34E63E7DD6DC61" author="Watling" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Watling, L. &amp; Auster, P. J. (2005) Distribution of deep-water Alcyonacea off the northeast coast of the United States. In: Freiwald, A. &amp; Roberts, J. M. (Eds.), Cold Water Corals and Ecosystems. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 279 - 296." type="book chapter" year="2005">Watling &amp; Auster 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 292
</treatmentCitation>
; Arantes &amp; de 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3E52FFA3FE1BE61D7FAEDC61" author="Medeiros" box="[455,645,565,587]" page="11" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FE1BE61D7F48DC61" author="Medeiros" box="[455,611,565,587]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Arantes, R. C. M. &amp; de Medeiros, M. S. (2006) Primeiro registro de Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856) (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Anthothelidae) no Brasil. Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 64 (1), 11 - 17." type="journal article" year="2006">Medeiros 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 11
</treatmentCitation>
–17, 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E52FFA3FD64E61D7E32DC61" box="[696,793,565,587]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="11.[151,250,1841,1863]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionStartId-2="13.[151,250,1981,2003]" captionStartId-3="20.[151,250,1990,2012]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1400,193,1807]" captionTargetBox-1="[185,1374,194,1910]" captionTargetBox-2="[176,1399,193,1927]" captionTargetBox-3="[171,1413,193,1963]" captionTargetId-0="figure@11.[151,1435,193,1820]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[185,1392,193,1920]" captionTargetId-2="figure@13.[172,1399,193,1938]" captionTargetId-3="figure@20.[171,1413,193,1970]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionTargetPageId-3="20" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. A. Cross-section of the holotype of Ƒictorgorgia eminens n. sp. showing extensive boundary canals which frequently anastomose and distinct central canals in the medulla; B. Cross-section of the holotype of Anthothela grandiflora showing boundary canals, adjacent but separate, and a medulla lacking any obvious central canals; C. Extended polyp of the holotype of A. aldersladei n. sp. showing polyp, calyx, points and collaret; D. Partly extended polyp of A. quattriniae n. sp. showing polyp head, calyx, points and collaret and, on right, a fully retracted polyp; E. Spatulate clubs found in Anthothela." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. A. Josephinae clubs found in the pinnules and tentacle rachis of Ƒictorgorgia and Lateothela n. gen.; B. Spindles (93 – 95), needles (86 – 87) and bars (88 – 89) from Bayer et al. 1983, Plate 16; C. Sticks." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Sclerite forms found in the points, calyx and cortex of Anthothela and Ƒictorgorgia species." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Holotype fragments; B. Polyps and branches." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/842291/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/842293/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/842295/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/842297/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E52FFA3FF4BE67C791FDC40" blockId="19.[151,1436,256,618]" box="[151,1076,596,618]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2211D53E52FFA3FF4BE67C791FDC40" box="[151,1076,596,618]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FF4BE67C7D8BDC43" box="[151,160,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">?</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3E52FFA3FF7CE67C7FAEDC40" author="Saville" box="[160,645,596,618]" page="397" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1870">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E52FFA3FF7CE67C7F78DC40" authority="Saville Kent, 1870" authorityName="Saville Kent" authorityYear="1870" box="[160,595,596,618]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Gymnosarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bathybius">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FF7CE67C7CA7DC40" box="[160,396,596,618]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Gymnosarca bathybius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FE4FE67C7F78DC40" author="Saville" box="[403,595,596,618]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Saville Kent, W. (1870) On two new genera of Alcyonoid corals, taken in the recent expedition of the yacht Norna off the coast of Spain and Portugal. Quarterly Journal of Micros Science, 10, 397 - 399." type="journal article" year="1870">
Saville 
<collectingRegion id="49F6F8193E52FFA3FE3CE67D7F3FDC40" box="[480,532,597,618]" country="United Kingdom" name="Kent" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Kent</collectingRegion>
, 1870
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: 397
</treatmentCitation>
, Pl. 21 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E52FFA3FD0DE67C7E1BDC40" box="[721,816,596,618]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="11.[151,250,1841,1863]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionStartId-2="13.[151,250,1981,2003]" captionStartId-3="20.[151,250,1990,2012]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1400,193,1807]" captionTargetBox-1="[185,1374,194,1910]" captionTargetBox-2="[176,1399,193,1927]" captionTargetBox-3="[171,1413,193,1963]" captionTargetId-0="figure@11.[151,1435,193,1820]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[185,1392,193,1920]" captionTargetId-2="figure@13.[172,1399,193,1938]" captionTargetId-3="figure@20.[171,1413,193,1970]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionTargetPageId-3="20" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. A. Cross-section of the holotype of Ƒictorgorgia eminens n. sp. showing extensive boundary canals which frequently anastomose and distinct central canals in the medulla; B. Cross-section of the holotype of Anthothela grandiflora showing boundary canals, adjacent but separate, and a medulla lacking any obvious central canals; C. Extended polyp of the holotype of A. aldersladei n. sp. showing polyp, calyx, points and collaret; D. Partly extended polyp of A. quattriniae n. sp. showing polyp head, calyx, points and collaret and, on right, a fully retracted polyp; E. Spatulate clubs found in Anthothela." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. A. Josephinae clubs found in the pinnules and tentacle rachis of Ƒictorgorgia and Lateothela n. gen.; B. Spindles (93 – 95), needles (86 – 87) and bars (88 – 89) from Bayer et al. 1983, Plate 16; C. Sticks." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Sclerite forms found in the points, calyx and cortex of Anthothela and Ƒictorgorgia species." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Holotype fragments; B. Polyps and branches." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/842291/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/842293/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/842295/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/842297/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
but see 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3E52FFA3FC5FE67C791BDC40" author="Stiasny" box="[899,1072,596,618]" page="19" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FC5FE67C7921DC40" author="Stiasny" box="[899,1034,596,618]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Stiasny, G. (1937) Die Gorgonacea der Siboga Expedition. Supplement II, Revision der Scleraxonia mit ausschluss der Melitodidae und Coralliidae Siboga Expedition Monograph, 13 b (8), 1 - 138." type="journal article" year="1937">Stiasny 1937</bibRefCitation>
: 19
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E52FFA3FF4BE6B979C2DC8D" blockId="19.[151,1364,657,771]" box="[151,1257,657,679]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
NOT: 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E52FFA3FF0BE6B97F6CDC8D" ID-CoL="5VGP2" authority="(Sars, 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[215,583,657,679]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FF0BE6B97CEADC8D" box="[215,449,657,679]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Anthothela grandiflora</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FE13E6B97F14DC8D" author="Sars" box="[463,575,657,679]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Sars, M. (1856) Nouveau polypes. In: Sars, M., Koren, J. &amp; Danielssen, D. C. (Eds.), Fauna littoralis Norvegiae. Beyer, 1846 - 1877, Bergen, pp. 63 - 79." type="book chapter" year="1856">Sars, 1856</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FD8CE6B97FF1DC8D" author="Mobius" box="[592,730,657,679]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Mobius, K. (1873) Coelenterata, Echinodermata, Bryozoa, welche wahrend der Pommeraniafahrt nach Arendal gefangen wurden. Bericht der Kommission zur Wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung der Deutschen Meere, 1, 149 - 150." type="journal article" year="1873">Möbius 1873</bibRefCitation>
: 260 [thought to be 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FC79E6B97901DC8D" box="[933,1066,657,679]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E52FFA3FC79E6B9790ADC8D" ID-CoL="84NKM" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1869" box="[933,1057,657,679]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Eunephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Eunephthya</taxonomicName>
?
</emphasis>
] see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FBBCE6B979C2DC8D" author="Madsen" box="[1120,1257,657,679]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1944) Octocorallia. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, V (13), 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1944">Madsen 1944</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E52FFA3FF4BE6877984DCEF" blockId="19.[151,1364,657,771]" box="[151,1199,687,709]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
NOT: 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E52FFA3FF0BE6877F6CDCEF" ID-CoL="5VGP2" authority="(Sars, 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[215,583,687,709]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FF0BE6877CEADCEF" box="[215,449,687,709]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Anthothela grandiflora</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FE13E6877F14DCEF" author="Sars" box="[463,575,687,709]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Sars, M. (1856) Nouveau polypes. In: Sars, M., Koren, J. &amp; Danielssen, D. C. (Eds.), Fauna littoralis Norvegiae. Beyer, 1846 - 1877, Bergen, pp. 63 - 79." type="book chapter" year="1856">Sars, 1856</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
: Storm 1879: 144 [found to be 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E52FFA3FC5FE6877982DCEF" authority="Broch, 1912 a" authorityName="Broch" authorityYear="1912" box="[899,1193,687,709]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Anthelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FC5FE6877932DCEF" box="[899,1049,687,709]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Anthelia fallax</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FBC3E6877982DCEF" author="Broch" box="[1055,1193,687,709]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Broch, H. (1912 a) Die Alcyonarien des Trondhjemsfjordes. I. Alcyonacea. Det Kongelige Norske Fidenskabers Selskabs Skrifter 1911, 7, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1912" yearSuffix="a">Broch, 1912a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32865703E52FFA3FF4BE6E6787FDD29" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E52FFA3FF4BE6E6791EDCCE" blockId="19.[151,1364,657,771]" box="[151,1077,718,740]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
NOT: 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E52FFA3FF0BE6E67F6CDCCE" authority="(Sars, 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[215,583,718,740]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FF0BE6E67CEADCCE" box="[215,449,718,740]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Anthothela grandiflora</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FE13E6E67F14DCCE" author="Sars" box="[463,575,718,740]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Sars, M. (1856) Nouveau polypes. In: Sars, M., Koren, J. &amp; Danielssen, D. C. (Eds.), Fauna littoralis Norvegiae. Beyer, 1846 - 1877, Bergen, pp. 63 - 79." type="book chapter" year="1856">Sars, 1856</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FD8CE6E67FEDDCCE" author="Grieg" box="[592,710,718,740]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Grieg, J. A. (1890) Tre nordiske alcyonarier. (Med en tavle.). Tre nordiske alcyonarier, 2, 3 - 13." type="journal article" year="1890">Grieg 1890</bibRefCitation>
: 11 [thought to be 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E52FFA3FC58E6E77921DCCE" box="[900,1034,719,740]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Paramuricea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FC58E6E77921DCCE" box="[900,1034,719,740]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Paramuricea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E52FFA3FF4BE6C5787FDD29" blockId="19.[151,1364,657,771]" box="[151,1364,749,771]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
NOT: 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E52FFA3FF0BE6C57F6CDD29" authority="(Sars, 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[215,583,749,771]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FF0BE6C57CEADD29" box="[215,449,749,771]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Anthothela grandiflora</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FE13E6C57F14DD29" author="Sars" box="[463,575,749,771]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Sars, M. (1856) Nouveau polypes. In: Sars, M., Koren, J. &amp; Danielssen, D. C. (Eds.), Fauna littoralis Norvegiae. Beyer, 1846 - 1877, Bergen, pp. 63 - 79." type="book chapter" year="1856">Sars, 1856</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FD8CE6C57FEDDD29" author="Grieg" box="[592,710,749,771]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Grieg, J. A. (1894) Bidrag til kjendskaben om de nordiske alcyonarier. Bergens Museum Aarbog 1893, 11, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1894">Grieg 1894</bibRefCitation>
: 3, Pl. I 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E52FFA3FCC6E6C57E52DD29" box="[794,889,749,771]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="11.[151,250,1841,1863]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1400,193,1807]" captionTargetBox-1="[185,1374,194,1910]" captionTargetId-0="figure@11.[151,1435,193,1820]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[185,1392,193,1920]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. A. Cross-section of the holotype of Ƒictorgorgia eminens n. sp. showing extensive boundary canals which frequently anastomose and distinct central canals in the medulla; B. Cross-section of the holotype of Anthothela grandiflora showing boundary canals, adjacent but separate, and a medulla lacking any obvious central canals; C. Extended polyp of the holotype of A. aldersladei n. sp. showing polyp, calyx, points and collaret; D. Partly extended polyp of A. quattriniae n. sp. showing polyp head, calyx, points and collaret and, on right, a fully retracted polyp; E. Spatulate clubs found in Anthothela." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. A. Josephinae clubs found in the pinnules and tentacle rachis of Ƒictorgorgia and Lateothela n. gen.; B. Spindles (93 – 95), needles (86 – 87) and bars (88 – 89) from Bayer et al. 1983, Plate 16; C. Sticks." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/842291/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/842293/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
[found to be 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E52FFA3FBDDE6C579C3DD29" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault &amp; d'Hondt" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[1025,1256,749,771]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FBDDE6C579C3DD29" box="[1025,1256,749,771]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Lateothela grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E52FFA3FB32E6C57860DD29" box="[1262,1355,749,771]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FB32E6C57860DD29" bold="true" box="[1262,1355,749,771]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32865703E52FFA3FF4BE7057C6BD80B" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E52FFA3FF4BE7057910DD43" blockId="19.[151,1437,813,2030]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CA63E52FFA3FF4BE7057910DD43" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586203807" collectionCode="NHM, ZMUC, ANT-" country="Norway" county="Finmark" elevation="365" location="Material" municipality="Oxford" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="ANT-000470" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FF4BE7057E29DD6C" bold="true" box="[151,770,813,838]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<location id="8EED60203E52FFA3FF4BE7057DD4DD6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87ED3E52FF91FF4BE4BF7FD6DEDD:8EED60203E52FFA3FF4BE7057DD4DD6C" box="[151,255,813,838]" country="Norway" county="Finmark" municipality="Oxford" name="Material" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Material</location>
examined. 
<typeStatus id="548988593E52FFA3FE55E7057CD1DD6C" box="[393,506,813,838]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED23AE3E3E52FFA3FDDBE7057F66DD6C" box="[519,589,813,838]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14908" name="University of Nottingham" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">NHM</collectionCode>
, UIOslo B1365
</emphasis>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE9AC813E52FFA3FCCDE7057E4EDD6C" box="[785,869,813,838]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Öxford</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62EC4E773E52FFA3FCADE7057EF8DD6C" box="[881,979,813,838]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Finmark</collectingCounty>
, northern 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E52FFA3FB9AE706798ADD6C" box="[1094,1185,814,838]" name="Norway" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Norway</collectingCountry>
, depth 
<elevation id="001FD1C83E52FFA3FB2FE7057816DD6F" box="[1267,1341,813,838]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="365.0">
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E52FFA3FB2FE7057816DD6F" box="[1267,1341,813,838]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="365.0">365 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, no date recorded; 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FEDBE7787CD1DD43" bold="true" box="[263,506,848,873]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectionCode id="ED23AE3E3E52FFA3FEDBE7787C76DD43" box="[263,349,848,873]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ZMUC</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB949E803E52FFA3FEB8E7787CD1DD43" box="[356,506,848,873]" collectionCode="ANT-" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectionCode id="ED23AE3E3E52FFA3FEB8E7787C8DDD43" box="[356,422,848,873]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ANT-</collectionCode>
000470
</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
, same data as holotype and labelled as a “co-type”.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E52FFA3FF1BE75C7C6BD80B" blockId="19.[151,1437,813,2030]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CA63E52FFA3FF1BE75C7F58DD99" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586203790" collectingDate="2001-06-21" collectionCode="NTNU-VM" country="Norway" county="Trondheimsfjord" elevation="175" latitude="63.646" location="Other" longLatPrecision="60" longitude="9.752" municipality="Agdenestaa" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="NTNU-VM 63139" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FF1BE75C7F48DDA7" bold="true" box="[199,611,884,909]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<location id="8EED60203E52FFA3FF1BE75C7C24DDA7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87ED3E52FF91FF4BE4BF7FD6DEDD:8EED60203E52FFA3FF1BE75C7C24DDA7" box="[199,271,884,909]" country="Norway" county="Trondheimsfjord" latitude="63.646" longLatPrecision="60" longitude="9.752" municipality="Agdenestaa" name="Other" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Other</location>
material: 
<specimenCode id="DB949E803E52FFA3FE51E75C7F48DDA7" box="[397,611,884,909]" collectionCode="NTNU-VM" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pnpi-f6fs" name="Norwegian University of Science and Technology - University Museum" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectionCode id="ED23AE3E3E52FFA3FE51E75C7F3FDDA7" box="[397,532,884,909]" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pnpi-f6fs" name="Norwegian University of Science and Technology - University Museum" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">NTNU-VM</collectionCode>
63139
</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE9AC813E52FFA3FDAEE75C7FD3DDA7" box="[626,760,884,909]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Agdeneståa</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62EC4E773E52FFA3FCD8E75C7EEFDDA7" box="[772,964,884,909]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Trondheimsfjord</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E52FFA3FC0CE75D7900DDA7" box="[976,1067,885,909]" name="Norway" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Norway</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE06503C3E52FFA3FBEBE75C798DDDA7" box="[1079,1190,884,909]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="55" value="63.646">63.646°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE06503C3E52FFA3FB6FE75C783ADDA7" box="[1203,1297,884,909]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="55" value="9.752">9.752°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<elevation id="001FD1C83E52FFA3FAB8E75C7DCDDD98" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="175.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="100.0">
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E52FFA3FAB8E75C7DCDDD98" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="175.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="100.0">100– 250 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, Torkild Bakken, 
<date id="FF8C103B3E52FFA3FE1FE7B37F58DD99" box="[451,627,918,947]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2001-06-21">
<collectingDate id="EFC8E9D33E52FFA3FE1FE7B37F58DD99" box="[451,627,918,947]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2001-06-21">21st June 2001</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CA63E52FFA3FD59E7B27EB5DDF3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586203810" collectingDate="2006-12-05" collectionCode="NTNU-VM" country="Norway" elevation="250" latitude="63.468" location="Rodberg" longLatPrecision="60" longitude="9.999" municipality="Trondheimsfjord" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="NTNU-VM 63141" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DB949E803E52FFA3FD59E7B27E4ADD99" box="[645,865,922,947]" collectionCode="NTNU-VM" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pnpi-f6fs" name="Norwegian University of Science and Technology - University Museum" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FD59E7B27E4ADD99" bold="true" box="[645,865,922,947]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectionCode id="ED23AE3E3E52FFA3FD59E7B27E27DD99" box="[645,780,922,947]" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pnpi-f6fs" name="Norwegian University of Science and Technology - University Museum" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">NTNU-VM</collectionCode>
63141
</emphasis>
</specimenCode>
, 
<location id="8EED60203E52FFA3FCA9E7B27EF3DD99" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87ED3E52FF91FF4BE4BF7FD6DEDD:8EED60203E52FFA3FCA9E7B27EF3DD99" box="[885,984,922,947]" country="Norway" latitude="63.468" longLatPrecision="60" longitude="9.999" municipality="Trondheimsfjord" name="Rodberg" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rødberg</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE9AC813E52FFA3FC36E7B27981DD99" box="[1002,1194,922,947]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Trondheimsfjord</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E52FFA3FB60E7B3783CDD99" box="[1212,1303,923,947]" name="Norway" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Norway</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE06503C3E52FFA3FAF4E7B278BCDD99" box="[1320,1431,922,947]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="55" value="63.468">63.468°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE06503C3E52FFA3FF4BE7E97DDEDDF3" box="[151,245,961,985]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="55" value="9.999">9.999°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<elevation id="001FD1C83E52FFA3FE88E7E97CF7DDF2" box="[340,476,961,985]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="250.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="200.0">
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E52FFA3FE88E7E97CF7DDF2" box="[340,476,961,985]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="250.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="200.0">200–300 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, Torkild Bakken, 
<collectingDate id="EFC8E9D33E52FFA3FD66E7E87EB5DDF3" box="[698,926,956,985]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2006-12-05">
<date id="FF8C103B3E52FFA3FD66E7E87EB5DDF3" box="[698,926,956,985]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2006-12-05">5th December 2006</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CA63E52FFA3FC6DE7E87907DDD5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586203800" collectingDate="1965-05-18" collectionCode="NTNU-VM" country="Norway" elevation="120" latitude="63.603" location="Dyrviknes" longLatPrecision="60" longitude="9.757" municipality="Trondheimsfjord" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="NTNU-VM 40341" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FC6DE7E879CADDF3" bold="true" box="[945,1249,960,985]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<specimenCode id="DB949E803E52FFA3FC6DE7E879A6DDF3" box="[945,1165,960,985]" collectionCode="NTNU-VM" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pnpi-f6fs" name="Norwegian University of Science and Technology - University Museum" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectionCode id="ED23AE3E3E52FFA3FC6DE7E87913DDF3" box="[945,1080,960,985]" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pnpi-f6fs" name="Norwegian University of Science and Technology - University Museum" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">NTNU-VM</collectionCode>
40341
</specimenCode>
(part)
</emphasis>
, 
<location id="8EED60203E52FFA3FB2AE7E87840DDF3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87ED3E52FF91FF4BE4BF7FD6DEDD:8EED60203E52FFA3FB2AE7E87840DDF3" box="[1270,1387,960,985]" country="Norway" latitude="63.603" longLatPrecision="60" longitude="9.757" municipality="Trondheimsfjord" name="Dyrviknes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Dyrviknes</location>
27, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE9AC813E52FFA3FF4BE7CE7C7CDDD5" box="[151,343,998,1023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Trondheimsfjord</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E52FFA3FEB5E7C07CEFDA2A" box="[361,452,1000,1024]" name="Norway" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Norway</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE06503C3E52FFA3FE0BE7CE7F6DDDD5" box="[471,582,998,1023]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="55" value="63.603">63.603°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE06503C3E52FFA3FD84E7CE7F9DDDD5" box="[600,694,998,1023]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="55" value="9.757">9.757°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<elevation id="001FD1C83E52FFA3FCCAE7CF7E4DDDD5" box="[790,870,999,1023]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="120.0">
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E52FFA3FCCAE7CF7E4DDDD5" box="[790,870,999,1023]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, 
<collectingDate id="EFC8E9D33E52FFA3FCA5E7CF7907DDD5" box="[889,1068,995,1024]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1965-05-18">
<date id="FF8C103B3E52FFA3FCA5E7CF7907DDD5" box="[889,1068,995,1024]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1965-05-18">18th May 1965</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CA63E52FFA3FBE3E7CE7CB6DA63" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586203804" collectingDate="2011-06-14" collectionCode="NTNU-VM" country="Norway" county="Gunnerus" elevation="100" latitude="63.659" location="Brettingen" longLatPrecision="60" longitude="9.798" municipality="Trondheimsfjord" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="NTNU-VM 67148" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FBE3E7CE78BEDDD5" bold="true" box="[1087,1429,998,1023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<specimenCode id="DB949E803E52FFA3FBE3E7CE7830DDD5" box="[1087,1307,998,1023]" collectionCode="NTNU-VM" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pnpi-f6fs" name="Norwegian University of Science and Technology - University Museum" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectionCode id="ED23AE3E3E52FFA3FBE3E7CE79EDDDD5" box="[1087,1222,998,1023]" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pnpi-f6fs" name="Norwegian University of Science and Technology - University Museum" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">NTNU-VM</collectionCode>
67148
</specimenCode>
&amp; 67149
</emphasis>
, 
<location id="8EED60203E52FFA3FF4BE0227C26DA09" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87ED3E52FF91FF4BE4BF7FD6DEDD:8EED60203E52FFA3FF4BE0227C26DA09" box="[151,269,1034,1059]" country="Norway" county="Gunnerus" latitude="63.659" longLatPrecision="60" longitude="9.798" municipality="Trondheimsfjord" name="Brettingen" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Brettingen</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE9AC813E52FFA3FEC7E0227CF0DA09" box="[283,475,1034,1059]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Trondheimsfjord</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E52FFA3FE3AE0237F6ADA09" box="[486,577,1035,1059]" name="Norway" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Norway</collectingCountry>
, RV 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FDA5E0237FC5DA08" box="[633,750,1035,1058]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCounty id="62EC4E773E52FFA3FDA5E0237FC1DA08" box="[633,746,1035,1058]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Gunnerus</collectingCounty>
,
</emphasis>
stn. 2011022, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE06503C3E52FFA3FC4FE0227929DA09" box="[915,1026,1034,1059]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="55" value="63.659">63.659°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE06503C3E52FFA3FBD2E0237940DA09" box="[1038,1131,1035,1059]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="55" value="9.798">9.798°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth 200– 
<elevation id="001FD1C83E52FFA3FB2AE0237815DA08" box="[1270,1342,1035,1059]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="100.0">
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E52FFA3FB2AE0237815DA08" box="[1270,1342,1035,1059]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, Torkild Bakken, 
<date id="FF8C103B3E52FFA3FF26E0197CB6DA63" box="[250,413,1068,1097]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2011-06-14">
<collectingDate id="EFC8E9D33E52FFA3FF26E0197CB6DA63" box="[250,413,1068,1097]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2011-06-14">14th June 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FE74E0187FCDDA63" bold="true" box="[424,742,1072,1097]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">NTNU-VM 40338 &amp; 40339</emphasis>
, unknown locality, determined by Broch 1912; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CA63E52FFA3FB27E0187E60DA46" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586203798" collectingDate="1899-08" collectionCode="ZMUB" country="Norway" location="Skarnsundet" municipality="Trondheimsfjord" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="ZMUB 17759" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FB27E0187DF6DA47" bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<specimenCode id="DB949E803E52FFA3FB27E01878B7DA63" box="[1275,1436,1072,1097]" collectionCode="ZMUB" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5b4j-820w" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Vertebrate collections" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectionCode id="ED23AE3E3E52FFA3FB27E0187864DA63" box="[1275,1359,1072,1097]" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5b4j-820w" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Vertebrate collections" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ZMUB</collectionCode>
17759
</specimenCode>
(part)
</emphasis>
, 
<location id="8EED60203E52FFA3FF30E07C7C52DA47" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87ED3E52FF91FF4BE4BF7FD6DEDD:8EED60203E52FFA3FF30E07C7C52DA47" box="[236,377,1108,1133]" country="Norway" municipality="Trondheimsfjord" name="Skarnsundet" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Skarnsundet</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE9AC813E52FFA3FE59E07C7F6EDA47" box="[389,581,1108,1133]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Trondheimsfjord</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E52FFA3FD8CE07D7F80DA47" box="[592,683,1109,1133]" name="Norway" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Norway</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingDate id="EFC8E9D33E52FFA3FD6BE07C7E60DA46" box="[695,843,1108,1132]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1899-08">
<date id="FF8C103B3E52FFA3FD6BE07C7E60DA46" box="[695,843,1108,1132]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1899-08">August 1899</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CA63E52FFA3FC8BE07C7F6BDAA5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586203806" collectionCode="ZMUB" collectorName="G. O. Sars" country="Norway" county="Midfjord" elevation="275" location="Molde" municipality="Julneset" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="ZMUB 12187" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DB949E803E52FFA3FC8BE07C7ED2DA47" box="[855,1017,1108,1133]" collectionCode="ZMUB" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5b4j-820w" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Vertebrate collections" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FC8BE07C7ED2DA47" bold="true" box="[855,1017,1108,1133]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectionCode id="ED23AE3E3E52FFA3FC8BE07C7E80DA47" box="[855,939,1108,1133]" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5b4j-820w" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Vertebrate collections" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ZMUB</collectionCode>
12187
</emphasis>
</specimenCode>
, 
<location id="8EED60203E52FFA3FBD4E07C797FDA47" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87ED3E52FF91FF4BE4BF7FD6DEDD:8EED60203E52FFA3FBD4E07C797FDA47" box="[1032,1108,1108,1133]" country="Norway" county="Midfjord" municipality="Julneset" name="Molde" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Molde</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE9AC813E52FFA3FB83E07C7997DA47" box="[1119,1212,1108,1133]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Julneset</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62EC4E773E52FFA3FB14E07C781BDA47" box="[1224,1328,1108,1133]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Midfjord</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E52FFA3FAE0E07D78B3DA47" box="[1340,1432,1109,1133]" name="Norway" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Norway</collectingCountry>
, RV 
<collectorName id="26C7532D3E52FFA3FF1AE0507C01DAA5" box="[198,298,1144,1167]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FF1AE0507C01DAA5" box="[198,298,1144,1167]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">G.O.Sars</emphasis>
</collectorName>
, stn. 101, depth 
<elevation id="001FD1C83E52FFA3FE2EE05F7F6BDAA5" box="[498,576,1143,1168]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="275.0">
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E52FFA3FE2EE05F7F6BDAA5" box="[498,576,1143,1168]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="275.0">275 m</quantity>
</elevation>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CA63E52FFA3FD93E05F78B3DABA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586203799" box="[591,1432,1143,1168]" collectingDate="1894-08" collectionCode="ZMUB" country="Norway" county="Tysnes" location="Langenuen" municipality="Klinkholmen" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="ZMUB 60328" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DB949E803E52FFA3FD93E05F7FD8DABA" box="[591,755,1143,1168]" collectionCode="ZMUB" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5b4j-820w" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Vertebrate collections" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FD93E05F7FD8DABA" bold="true" box="[591,755,1143,1168]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectionCode id="ED23AE3E3E52FFA3FD93E05F7F88DABA" box="[591,675,1143,1168]" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5b4j-820w" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Vertebrate collections" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ZMUB</collectionCode>
60328
</emphasis>
</specimenCode>
, 
<location id="8EED60203E52FFA3FCD8E0507EA8DABA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87ED3E52FF91FF4BE4BF7FD6DEDD:8EED60203E52FFA3FCD8E0507EA8DABA" box="[772,899,1144,1168]" country="Norway" county="Tysnes" municipality="Klinkholmen" name="Langenuen" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Langenuen</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE9AC813E52FFA3FC4FE05F7901DABA" box="[915,1066,1143,1168]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Klinkholmen</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62EC4E773E52FFA3FBE4E05079A3DABA" box="[1080,1160,1144,1168]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Tysnes</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E52FFA3FB4BE05079D9DABA" box="[1175,1266,1144,1168]" name="Norway" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Norway</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingDate id="EFC8E9D33E52FFA3FADCE05078B3DABA" box="[1280,1432,1144,1168]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1894-08">
<date id="FF8C103B3E52FFA3FADCE05078B3DABA" box="[1280,1432,1144,1168]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1894-08">August 1894</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CA63E52FFA3FF4BE0B3792FDA99" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586203811" box="[151,1028,1179,1204]" collectionCode="ZMUB" country="Norway" determinerName="Danielessen" location="Haakonsund" municipality="Koren" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="ZMUB 455" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DB949E803E52FFA3FF4BE0B37C08DA9E" box="[151,291,1179,1204]" collectionCode="ZMUB" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5b4j-820w" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Vertebrate collections" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FF4BE0B37C08DA9E" bold="true" box="[151,291,1179,1204]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectionCode id="ED23AE3E3E52FFA3FF4BE0B37DC7DA9E" box="[151,236,1179,1204]" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5b4j-820w" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Vertebrate collections" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ZMUB</collectionCode>
455
</emphasis>
</specimenCode>
, 
<location id="8EED60203E52FFA3FEE5E0B37CE3DA9E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87ED3E52FF91FF4BE4BF7FD6DEDD:8EED60203E52FFA3FEE5E0B37CE3DA9E" box="[313,456,1179,1204]" country="Norway" municipality="Koren" name="Haakonsund" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Haakonsund</location>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E52FFA3FE07E0B47F1DDA9E" box="[475,566,1180,1204]" name="Norway" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Norway</collectingCountry>
, determined by 
<determinerName id="7E51DA3F3E52FFA3FD23E0B37EADDA9E" box="[767,902,1179,1204]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Danielessen</determinerName>
&amp; 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE9AC813E52FFA3FC66E0B4792FDA99" box="[954,1028,1180,1203]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Koren</collectingMunicipality>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CA63E52FFA3FBCAE0B37C7FDB2A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586203788" collectingDate="1934-09-21" collectionCode="NHM" country="Norway" county="Norway" elevation="182" location="Selsovik" municipality="Trondhjemsfjord" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FBCAE0B37834DA9E" bold="true" box="[1046,1311,1179,1204]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectionCode id="ED23AE3E3E52FFA3FBCAE0B37977DA9E" box="[1046,1116,1179,1204]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14908" name="University of Nottingham" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">NHM</collectionCode>
, UIOslo B1366
</emphasis>
, 
<location id="8EED60203E52FFA3FAE8E0B378BCDA9E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87ED3E52FF91FF4BE4BF7FD6DEDD:8EED60203E52FFA3FAE8E0B378BCDA9E" box="[1332,1431,1179,1204]" country="Norway" county="Norway" municipality="Trondhjemsfjord" name="Selsovik" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Selsövik</location>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E52FFA3FF4BE0EA7DD9DAF0" box="[151,242,1218,1242]" name="Norway" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Norway</collectingCountry>
, depth 
<elevation id="001FD1C83E52FFA3FE84E0EA7C86DAF3" box="[344,429,1218,1242]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8199999999999998" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="182.0">
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E52FFA3FE84E0EA7C86DAF3" box="[344,429,1218,1242]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8199999999999998" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="182.0">182 m</quantity>
</elevation>
; 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FE1FE0E97F95DAF0" bold="true" box="[451,702,1217,1242]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ZMUC-ANT-000470,</emphasis>
<location id="8EED60203E52FFA3FD0CE0E97E74DAF0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87ED3E52FF91FF4BE4BF7FD6DEDD:8EED60203E52FFA3FD0CE0E97E74DAF0" box="[720,863,1217,1242]" country="Norway" county="Norway" municipality="Trondhjemsfjord" name="Brettingsnes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Brettingsnes</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE9AC813E52FFA3FCA9E0E9791EDAF0" box="[885,1077,1217,1242]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Trondhjemsfjord</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62EC4E773E52FFA3FB96E0EA798EDAF0" box="[1098,1189,1218,1242]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E52FFA3FB96E0EA798EDAF0" box="[1098,1189,1218,1242]" name="Norway" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Norway</collectingCountry>
</collectingCounty>
, depth 
<elevation id="001FD1C83E52FFA3FAD7E0E97874DAF3" box="[1291,1375,1217,1242]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="150.0">
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E52FFA3FAD7E0E97874DAF3" box="[1291,1375,1217,1242]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, 
<collectingDate id="EFC8E9D33E52FFA3FAAAE0EA7C7FDB2A" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1934-09-21">
<date id="FF8C103B3E52FFA3FAAAE0EA7C7FDB2A" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1934-09-21">21st September 1934</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CA63E52FFA3FEB8E0CF78BCDB2A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586203812" box="[356,1431,1252,1280]" collectingDate="1911-07-17" country="Norway" elevation="225" location="Rodberg" municipality="Trondhjemsfjord" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FEB8E0CF7F74DB2A" bold="true" box="[356,607,1255,1280]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ZMUC-ANT-000469,</emphasis>
<location id="8EED60203E52FFA3FDB6E0CF7FE6DB2A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87ED3E52FF91FF4BE4BF7FD6DEDD:8EED60203E52FFA3FDB6E0CF7FE6DB2A" box="[618,717,1255,1280]" country="Norway" municipality="Trondhjemsfjord" name="Rodberg" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rødberg</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE9AC813E52FFA3FD00E0CF7EB7DB2A" box="[732,924,1255,1280]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Trondhjemsfjord</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E52FFA3FC76E0C0792EDB2A" box="[938,1029,1256,1280]" name="Norway" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Norway</collectingCountry>
, depth 
<elevation id="001FD1C83E52FFA3FB81E0CF79C9DAD5" box="[1117,1250,1255,1280]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="225.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="150.0">
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E52FFA3FB81E0CF79C9DAD5" box="[1117,1250,1255,1280]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="225.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="150.0">150–300 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, 
<collectingDate id="EFC8E9D33E52FFA3FB2DE0C078BCDB2A" box="[1265,1431,1252,1280]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1911-07-17">
<date id="FF8C103B3E52FFA3FB2DE0C078BCDB2A" box="[1265,1431,1252,1280]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1911-07-17">17th July 1911</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CA63E52FFA3FF4BE1237909DB09" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586203791" box="[151,1058,1291,1316]" collectionCode="ZMB" country="Norway" elevation="325" location="Rodberg" municipality="Trondheimsfjord" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="ZMB 5527" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FF4BE1237C40DB0E" bold="true" box="[151,363,1291,1316]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<specimenCode id="DB949E803E52FFA3FF4BE1237C3DDB0E" box="[151,278,1291,1316]" collectionCode="ZMB" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum f<>r Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectionCode id="ED23AE3E3E52FFA3FF4BE1237DFCDB0E" box="[151,215,1291,1316]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum f<>r Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ZMB</collectionCode>
5527
</specimenCode>
(part),
</emphasis>
<location id="8EED60203E52FFA3FEAFE1237CFDDB0E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87ED3E52FF91FF4BE4BF7FD6DEDD:8EED60203E52FFA3FEAFE1237CFDDB0E" box="[371,470,1291,1316]" country="Norway" municipality="Trondheimsfjord" name="Rodberg" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rødberg</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE9AC813E52FFA3FE3DE1237F8ADB0E" box="[481,673,1291,1316]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Trondheimsfjord</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E52FFA3FD71E1247E23DB0E" box="[685,776,1292,1316]" name="Norway" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Norway</collectingCountry>
, depth 
<elevation id="001FD1C83E52FFA3FC85E1237EF0DB09" box="[857,987,1291,1316]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="325.0" valueMax="350.0" valueMin="300.0">
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E52FFA3FC85E1237EF0DB09" box="[857,987,1291,1316]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="325.0" valueMax="350.0" valueMin="300.0">300–350 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, 1913
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CA63E52FFA3FBF3E1237C5ADB40" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586203802" collectionCode="MCZ" collectorName="U. S. Fish Commission" country="Canada" elevation="320" latitude="44.217" location="Banquereau Bank" longLatPrecision="67" longitude="-58.033" municipality="Gloucester Fisheries Lot" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nova Scotia">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FBF3E12379EFDB0E" bold="true" box="[1071,1220,1291,1316]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectionCode id="ED23AE3E3E52FFA3FBF3E123795BDB0E" box="[1071,1136,1291,1316]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">MCZ</collectionCode>
51047,
</emphasis>
<location id="8EED60203E52FFA3FB10E12478B3DB0E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87ED3E52FF91FF4BE4BF7FD6DEDD:8EED60203E52FFA3FB10E12478B3DB0E" box="[1228,1432,1291,1316]" country="Canada" latitude="44.217" longLatPrecision="67" longitude="-58.033" municipality="Gloucester Fisheries Lot" name="Banquereau Bank" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Nova Scotia">Banquereau Bank</location>
, off 
<collectingRegion id="49F6F8193E52FFA3FF1CE1077C64DB6D" box="[192,335,1326,1351]" country="Canada" name="Nova Scotia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Nova Scotia</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E52FFA3FE81E1067C9FDB6D" box="[349,436,1326,1351]" name="Canada" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectorName id="26C7532D3E52FFA3FE1DE1077FE6DB6D" box="[449,717,1326,1351]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">U. S. Fish Commission</collectorName>
no. 5705, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE9AC813E52FFA3FC90E106794FDB6C" box="[844,1124,1326,1351]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Gloucester Fisheries Lot</collectingMunicipality>
418, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE06503C3E52FFA3FB74E1077833DB6D" box="[1192,1304,1327,1351]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="55" value="44.217">44.217°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE06503C3E52FFA3FAF9E10678B3DB6D" box="[1317,1432,1326,1351]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="55" value="-58.033">58.033°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<elevation id="001FD1C83E52FFA3FF02E17A7C03DB40" box="[222,296,1362,1386]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="320.0">
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E52FFA3FF02E17A7C03DB40" box="[222,296,1362,1386]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="320.0">320 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, 1973
</materialsCitation>
; 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FEA2E17A7F3EDB41" bold="true" box="[382,533,1362,1387]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">MCZ 51048,</emphasis>
unknown locality; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CA63E52FFA3FD2FE17A79C5DBA4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586203801" collectionCode="MCZ" collectorName="Capt. Wm. H. &amp; Greenleaf" country="Canada" county="Lawrence" latitude="42.517" location="Browns Bank" longLatPrecision="69" longitude="-64.333" municipality="Chester" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FD2FE17A7EA1DB41" bold="true" box="[755,906,1362,1387]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectionCode id="ED23AE3E3E52FFA3FD2FE17A7E1FDB41" box="[755,820,1362,1387]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">MCZ</collectionCode>
50734,
</emphasis>
<location id="8EED60203E52FFA3FC4FE17B791BDB41" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87ED3E52FF91FF4BE4BF7FD6DEDD:8EED60203E52FFA3FC4FE17B791BDB41" box="[915,1072,1362,1387]" country="Canada" county="Lawrence" latitude="42.517" longLatPrecision="69" longitude="-64.333" municipality="Chester" name="Browns Bank" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Browns Bank</location>
, east coast of 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E52FFA3FB0FE17A7801DB41" box="[1235,1322,1362,1387]" name="Canada" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Canada</collectingCountry>
, schooner 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FF4BE15D7CAADBA7" box="[151,385,1397,1422]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE9AC813E52FFA3FF4BE15D7DC5DBA4" box="[151,238,1397,1422]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chester</collectingMunicipality>
B. 
<collectingCounty id="62EC4E773E52FFA3FEC8E15E7CAADBA7" box="[276,385,1398,1421]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Lawrence</collectingCounty>
</emphasis>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE06503C3E52FFA3FE53E15D7CD5DBA4" box="[399,510,1397,1422]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="55" value="42.517">42.517°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE06503C3E52FFA3FDD6E15D7F56DBA4" box="[522,637,1397,1422]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="55" value="-64.333">64.333°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 300 f (feet or fathoms), 
<collectorName id="26C7532D3E52FFA3FC04E15E79C5DBA4" box="[984,1262,1397,1422]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Capt. Wm. H. Greenleaf</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CA63E52FFA3FB25E15D79DFDB9E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586203821" collectingDate="2002-03-05" collectionCode="MOVI" country="Brazil" elevation="822" latitude="-34.324" location="Rio Grande do Sul" longLatPrecision="71" longitude="-51.572" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="MOVI 20919" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FB25E15D78B7DBA4" bold="true" box="[1273,1436,1397,1422]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<specimenCode id="DB949E803E52FFA3FB25E15D78BDDBA4" box="[1273,1430,1397,1422]" collectionCode="MOVI" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6c51-g1vf" name="Museu Oceanografico do Vale do Itajai" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectionCode id="ED23AE3E3E52FFA3FB25E15D7863DBA4" box="[1273,1352,1397,1422]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6c51-g1vf" name="Museu Oceanografico do Vale do Itajai" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">MOVI</collectionCode>
20919
</specimenCode>
,
</emphasis>
east coast of 
<collectingRegion id="49F6F8193E52FFA3FEE0E1B37F08DB9E" box="[316,547,1435,1460]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Rio 
<collectingRegion id="49F6F8193E52FFA3FEADE1B37F08DB9E" box="[369,547,1435,1460]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E52FFA3FDE8E1B37F50DB9E" box="[564,635,1435,1460]" name="Brazil" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE06503C3E52FFA3FD51E1B47FDDDB9E" box="[653,758,1436,1460]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="55" value="-34.324">34.324°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE06503C3E52FFA3FCD5E1B37E57DB9E" box="[777,892,1435,1460]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="55" value="-51.572">51.572°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<elevation id="001FD1C83E52FFA3FC05E1B47903DB99" box="[985,1064,1436,1460]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="822.0">
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E52FFA3FC05E1B47903DB99" box="[985,1064,1436,1460]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="822.0">822 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, 
<collectingDate id="EFC8E9D33E52FFA3FBE7E1B379DFDB9E" box="[1083,1268,1432,1460]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2002-03-05">
<date id="FF8C103B3E52FFA3FBE7E1B379DFDB9E" box="[1083,1268,1432,1460]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2002-03-05">5th March 2002</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CA63E52FFA3FADAE1B37C17D80B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586203819" collectingDate="2010-06-28" collectionCode="NAFO" country="Spain" elevation="710" latitude="46.0239" location="Spain" longLatPrecision="38" longitude="-46.686" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FADAE1B37C27DBF2" bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">unregistered specimen,</emphasis>
NEREIDA 0 610, zone 
<collectionCode id="ED23AE3E3E52FFA3FDF7E1977F51DBFD" box="[555,634,1471,1495]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">NAFO</collectionCode>
, tow DR72, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE06503C3E52FFA3FCCBE1977EBFDBF2" box="[791,916,1471,1496]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="5" value="46.0239">46.0239°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE06503C3E52FFA3FC78E197793CDBF2" box="[932,1047,1471,1496]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="55" value="-46.686">46.686°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<elevation id="001FD1C83E52FFA3FBAEE19779EBDBFD" box="[1138,1216,1471,1495]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="710.0">
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E52FFA3FBAEE19779EBDBFD" box="[1138,1216,1471,1495]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="710.0">710 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, collected by 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E52FFA3FAB6E1977C36DBD1" authority="Molodtsova" authorityName="Molodtsova" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tina Molodtsova</taxonomicName>
thanks to Mar Sacau and Javier Murillo Perez (IEO, Vigo, 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E52FFA3FC1EE1CA7928DBD1" box="[962,1027,1506,1531]" name="Spain" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Spain</collectingCountry>
) and sampling program NEREIDA, 
<date id="FF8C103B3E52FFA3FF4BE2217C17D80B" box="[151,316,1541,1569]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2010-06-28">
<collectingDate id="EFC8E9D33E52FFA3FF4BE2217C17D80B" box="[151,316,1541,1569]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2010-06-28">28th June 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32865703E52FFAFFF1BE2047C2BDDAA" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E52FFA3FF1BE2047C70D86F" blockId="19.[151,1437,813,2030]" box="[199,347,1580,1605]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FF1BE2047C70D86F" bold="true" box="[199,347,1580,1605]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Description:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E52FFA3FF1BE2677995D9C4" blockId="19.[151,1437,813,2030]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E52FFA3FF1BE2677C42D842" bold="true" box="[199,361,1615,1640]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Colony form:</emphasis>
The 
<typeStatus id="548988593E52FFA3FE79E2677F2CD842" box="[421,519,1615,1640]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is made up of many fragments of a tangled colony which once was described as “die Grösse eines Menschenkopfes” (translated as “the size of a human head”) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E52FFA3FBFEE25B799CD8A6" author="Broch" box="[1058,1207,1651,1676]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Broch, H. (1912 b) Die Alcyonarien des Trondhjemsfjordes. II. Gorgonacea. Det Kongelige Norske Fidenskabers Selskabs Skrifter 1912, 2, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1912" yearSuffix="b">Broch 1912b</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E52FFA3FB0CE25B783FD8A6" box="[1232,1300,1651,1676]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1990,2012]" captionTargetBox="[171,1413,193,1963]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[171,1413,193,1970]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Holotype fragments; B. Polyps and branches." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842297/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A). There is no central trunk or evidence of main branches and there is no consistent arrangement of branching. In Sars’ original description, he made it clear (“D'ailleurs il n'y a aucune différence entre les tiges et les branches: elles ont la même apparence, la même forme, la même grosseur“) that there is no difference between stems or branches: they have the same appearance, same form and same size. Many of the fragments are small pieces of narrow branches which are often twisted and tangled so it is impossible to reconstruct the colony into the original shape. There are also multiple anastomoses and bifurcations throughout the colony fragments (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E52FFA3FC29E3607914D94A" box="[1013,1087,1864,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1990,2012]" captionTargetBox="[171,1413,193,1963]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[171,1413,193,1970]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Holotype fragments; B. Polyps and branches." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842297/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B). Examples of membranous portions of the colony are evident including the holdfast which is encrusting a piece of coral rubble. Several branches emanate from the membranous parts of the colony. Most branches are of a relatively uniform diameter (approximately 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E52FFA3FE91E39B7CF7D9E1" box="[333,476,1971,1995]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="2.8" valueMax="3.4" valueMin="2.2">2.2–3.4 mm</quantity>
), although there are some outside this range (
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E52FFA3FC2AE39B79ADD9E1" box="[1014,1158,1971,1995]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="1.3">1.3–4.2 mm</quantity>
), and they are basically circular in cross-section, although calyces and bifurcation points tend to cause some distortion.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4D66733E55FFA4FF4BE3EE79C9D9F6" box="[151,1250,1990,2012]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842297/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[171,1413,193,1963]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E55FFA4FF4BE3EE79C9D9F6" blockId="20.[151,1250,1990,2012]" box="[151,1250,1990,2012]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E55FFA4FF4BE3EE7C39D9F6" bold="true" box="[151,274,1990,2012]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E55FFA4FEC5E3EE7FACD9F6" authority="(Sars, 1856)" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1856" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[281,647,1990,2012]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E55FFA4FEC5E3EE7F28D9F6" box="[281,515,1990,2012]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Anthothela grandiflora</emphasis>
(Sars, 1856)
</taxonomicName>
, holotype: A. Holotype fragments; B. Polyps and branches.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D66733E54FFA5FF4BE2E57ED6D928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842299/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" targetBox="[153,1433,185,1712]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E54FFA5FF4BE2E57ED6D928" blockId="21.[151,1435,1741,1794]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E54FFA5FF4BE2E57C3DD8C9" bold="true" box="[151,278,1741,1763]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E54FFA5FEFDE2E57FB0D8C9" authority="(Sars, 1856)" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1856" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[289,667,1741,1763]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E54FFA5FEFDE2E57F3BD8C9" box="[289,528,1741,1763]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Anthothela grandiflora</emphasis>
(Sars, 1856)
</taxonomicName>
, holotype: A. Terminal polyp bunch (a. fully retracted polyp); B. Partly retracted polyp; C. Cross-section of decalcified medulla; D. Cross-section of medulla.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E54FFA5FF1BE3017E49D984" blockId="21.[151,1437,1833,2038]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Calyces occur with no apparent order along and all around the branches throughout the colony. The greatest distance between calyces is approximately 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E54FFA5FD45E3667FC5D94F" box="[665,750,1870,1894]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
although they are more commonly closer together. Tight bunches of calyces occur on the branch tips where there is very little or no space between them (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E54FFA5FB09E3597833D9A0" box="[1237,1304,1905,1930]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,185,1712]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1435,185,1720]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 5. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Terminal polyp bunch (a. fully retracted polyp); B. Partly retracted polyp; C. Cross-section of decalcified medulla; D. Cross-section of medulla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842299/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A). Isolated calyces are also evident on the membranous parts of the colony.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E54FFA5FF1BE3917C47D9DC" blockId="21.[151,1437,1833,2038]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">The colony is in good condition, albeit in many fragments, with many polyps still attached and, in general, the cortex is complete.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4D66733E57FFA6FF4BE39C7C12D9C2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842301/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" targetBox="[201,1389,202,1909]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E57FFA6FF4BE39C7C12D9C2" blockId="22.[151,1436,1972,2024]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E57FFA6FF4BE39C7C33D9E0" bold="true" box="[151,280,1972,1994]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E57FFA6FEF8E39C7F8FD9E0" authority="(Sars, 1856)" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1856" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[292,676,1972,1994]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E57FFA6FEF8E39C7F3ED9E0" box="[292,533,1972,1994]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Anthothela grandiflora</emphasis>
(Sars, 1856)
</taxonomicName>
, holotype, sclerites: Point and collaret (a. sclerites with slightly more developed tips).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D66733E56FFA7FF4BE3B87DDAD9EF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842303/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" targetBox="[201,1381,193,1903]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E56FFA7FF4BE3B87DDAD9EF" blockId="23.[151,1435,1936,1989]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E56FFA7FF4BE3B87C33D98C" bold="true" box="[151,280,1936,1958]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E56FFA7FEFFE3B87F8AD98C" authority="(Sars, 1856)" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1856" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[291,673,1936,1958]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E56FFA7FEFFE3B87F38D98C" box="[291,531,1936,1958]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Anthothela grandiflora</emphasis>
(Sars, 1856)
</taxonomicName>
, holotype: A. Tentacular and point sclerites in situ; B. Tentacle rachis sclerites.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D66733E59FFA8FF4BE3997FCBD9CC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842305/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" targetBox="[189,1407,193,1908]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E59FFA8FF4BE3997FCBD9CC" blockId="24.[151,1436,1969,2022]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E59FFA8FF4BE3997C39D9ED" bold="true" box="[151,274,1969,1991]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E59FFA8FEC4E3997FAFD9ED" authority="(Sars, 1856)" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1856" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[280,644,1969,1991]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E59FFA8FEC4E3997F2AD9ED" box="[280,513,1969,1991]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Anthothela grandiflora</emphasis>
(Sars, 1856)
</taxonomicName>
, holotype: A. Tip of cleared tentacle showing crowded sclerites in pinnules; B. Pinnule sclerites (a. spatulate clubs; b. rods and spindles).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D66733E58FFA9FF4BE7C27DDADA35" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842307/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" targetBox="[157,1435,193,972]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E58FFA9FF4BE7C27DDADA35" blockId="25.[151,1436,1002,1055]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E58FFA9FF4BE7C27C3DDA2A" bold="true" box="[151,278,1002,1024]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E58FFA9FEFCE7C27FB2DA2A" authority="(Sars, 1856)" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1856" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[288,665,1002,1024]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E58FFA9FEFCE7C27F24DA2A" box="[288,527,1002,1024]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Anthothela grandiflora</emphasis>
(Sars, 1856)
</taxonomicName>
, holotype: A. Pharyngeal sclerites; B. In situ arrangement of pharyngeal sclerites.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E58FFA9FF1BE06E7E13DA8D" blockId="25.[151,1437,1094,2019]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E58FFA9FF1BE06E7C0FDA75" bold="true" box="[199,292,1094,1119]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Colour:</emphasis>
In the original description no mention was made regarding the live colour, although Sars did comment that the medulla is a darker colour than the cortex. The 
<typeStatus id="548988593E58FFA9FCC2E0427EABDAA9" box="[798,896,1130,1155]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is now light brown to cream in alcohol. Other specimens recently collected are creamy pink (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E58FFA9FD7FE0A67FDEDA8D" box="[675,757,1166,1191]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1985,2007]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,193,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1435,193,1963]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856): A – B. NTNU 67149: (A). Calicular sclerites; (B). Recently collected colony. C. NTNU 67148, recently collected colony. (B – C. Courtesy of Torkild Bakken, NTNU-VM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842315/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
B, C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E58FFA9FF1BE09A7FECD8B5" blockId="25.[151,1437,1094,2019]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E58FFA9FF1BE09A7C9EDAE1" bold="true" box="[199,437,1202,1227]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Polyps and calyces:</emphasis>
Calyces are tall, flat-topped, robust cylinders which protrude basically at right angles from the branches (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E58FFA9FEADE0FE7C9EDAC5" box="[369,437,1238,1263]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,185,1712]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1435,185,1720]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 5. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Terminal polyp bunch (a. fully retracted polyp); B. Partly retracted polyp; C. Cross-section of decalcified medulla; D. Cross-section of medulla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842299/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B). They are usually between 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E58FFA9FCD9E0FF7EA7DAC4" box="[773,908,1239,1263]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="2.7" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.2">2.2–3.2 mm</quantity>
high although there are some larger ones up to 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E58FFA9FF4BE0D27DDADB38" box="[151,241,1274,1299]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
. Polyps may extend 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E58FFA9FE02E0D27F4DDB38" box="[478,614,1274,1299]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="1.4">1.4–2.6 mm</quantity>
above the lip of the calyx and are approximately 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E58FFA9FB7CE0D379DEDB39" box="[1184,1269,1275,1299]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3mm</quantity>
wide. Calyces and polyps are usually taller than they are wide. Sars considered the relatively large size of the calyces and polyp as a distinguishing factor, mentioning that the height of the “cellules polypifères” is generally twice the diameter of the branches. The calyces do not have obvious longitudinal ridges although there can be slight bulges where the base of the tentacles meet the calyx lip. Most of the polyps are partly retracted such that the base of the polyp head rests on the lip of the calyx and the polyp neck is not visible (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E58FFA9FC88E1867EBCDBED" box="[852,919,1454,1479]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,185,1712]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1435,185,1720]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 5. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Terminal polyp bunch (a. fully retracted polyp); B. Partly retracted polyp; C. Cross-section of decalcified medulla; D. Cross-section of medulla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842299/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B) but there are some examples where polyps are fully retracted into their calyx (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E58FFA9FD9DE1FA7FA3DBC1" box="[577,648,1490,1515]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,185,1712]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1435,185,1720]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 5. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Terminal polyp bunch (a. fully retracted polyp); B. Partly retracted polyp; C. Cross-section of decalcified medulla; D. Cross-section of medulla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842299/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
Aa) despite Sars stating that he did not observe any in this state. Occasionally fully exsert polyps occur, with the polyp neck visible—a polyp and calyx combined then being up to 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E58FFA9FF4BE2327DC6D818" box="[151,237,1562,1587]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
high. All polyp heads are well protected by crowded sclerites arranged as points and an indistinct collaret, and the visible polyp necks are also covered in sclerites. The tentacles fold into the polyp mouth so the polyp heads are rounded mounds with eight distinct furrows (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E58FFA9FD61E24A7E2AD851" box="[701,769,1634,1659]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,185,1712]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1435,185,1720]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 5. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Terminal polyp bunch (a. fully retracted polyp); B. Partly retracted polyp; C. Cross-section of decalcified medulla; D. Cross-section of medulla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842299/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B). There are approximately 12 pinnules along each side of the tentacles with a fan of pinnules around the tip.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E58FFA9FF1BE2827E99D9C9" blockId="25.[151,1437,1094,2019]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E58FFA9FF1BE2827CEFD8E9" bold="true" box="[199,452,1706,1731]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Medulla and Cortex:</emphasis>
The central medulla is made up of tightly packed, longitudinally and obliquely placed sclerites, surrounded by a thin cortex which is separated from the medulla by a ring of longitudinal boundary canals (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E58FFA9FF43E2DA7DC8D921" box="[159,227,1778,1803]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,185,1712]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1435,185,1720]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 5. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Terminal polyp bunch (a. fully retracted polyp); B. Partly retracted polyp; C. Cross-section of decalcified medulla; D. Cross-section of medulla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842299/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C). The canals run parallel and close together throughout the colony and remain identifiable as individual canals. They do not extensively anastomose or form a boundary space as such but do provide a clear separation of the medulla from the cortex. In the thickest branches, presumably older and from closer to the base of the colony, there may be some patches where the density of medulla sclerites lessens. These patches appear as indistinct canals in the central medulla (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E58FFA9FE78E3AA7CCCD9B1" box="[420,487,1922,1947]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,185,1712]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1435,185,1720]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 5. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Terminal polyp bunch (a. fully retracted polyp); B. Partly retracted polyp; C. Cross-section of decalcified medulla; D. Cross-section of medulla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842299/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D) and are easily deformed or obscured by sclerites during the making of a crosssection. In thinner branches, presumably younger and farther from the base of the colony, the ill-defined canals in the centre of the medulla are only occasionally visible in cross-section.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4D66733E5BFFAAFF4BE2CD79E1D8D1" box="[151,1226,1765,1787]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842309/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" targetBox="[185,1411,215,1718]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E5BFFAAFF4BE2CD79E1D8D1" blockId="26.[151,1226,1765,1787]" box="[151,1226,1765,1787]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E5BFFAAFF4BE2CD7C34D8D1" bold="true" box="[151,287,1765,1787]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E5BFFAAFEF9E2CD7FB8D8D1" authority="(Sars, 1856)" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1856" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[293,659,1765,1787]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E5BFFAAFEF9E2CD7F3BD8D1" box="[293,528,1765,1787]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Anthothela grandiflora</emphasis>
(Sars, 1856)
</taxonomicName>
, holotype, sclerites: Calyx (a. slightly clavate sclerites).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E5BFFAAFF1BE30B7E60D9A8" blockId="26.[151,1436,1826,2031]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">For polyps along the branches, body cavities truncate abruptly forming a flat base where they abut the medulla, while polyps which are clumped at the branch tips have a body cavity which extends somewhat deeper within the branch, eventually finishing at the start of the medulla proper.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E5BFFABFF1BE3A6798EDF36" blockId="26.[151,1436,1826,2031]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1437,151,1077]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E5BFFAAFF1BE3A67C1ED98D" bold="true" box="[199,309,1934,1959]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Sclerites:</emphasis>
Polyps, calyces and cortex are all covered in crowded sclerites. On the polyp head transversely arranged sclerites form an indistinct collaret approximately 8 sclerites deep, while above they are arranged 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E5BFFAAFA5DE39C7DDBD9C5" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">en chevron</emphasis>
grading to longitudinal in the points (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E5BFFAAFD47E3FE7FF4D9C5" box="[667,735,2006,2031]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,185,1712]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1435,185,1720]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 5. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Terminal polyp bunch (a. fully retracted polyp); B. Partly retracted polyp; C. Cross-section of decalcified medulla; D. Cross-section of medulla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842299/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B). These sclerites are mostly straight or slightly curved sticks and spindles with simple tubercles (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E5AFFABFDFBE4BF7F40DE9A" box="[551,619,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[201,1389,202,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[172,1395,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype, sclerites: Point and collaret (a. sclerites with slightly more developed tips)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842301/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Sizes can range from 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E5AFFABFCADE4B07ED3DE85" box="[881,1016,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.4">0.4–1.3 mm</quantity>
but most are between 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E5AFFABFB2FE4BF78B2DE85" box="[1267,1433,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.85" valueMin="0.45">0.45–0.85 mm</quantity>
. Some sclerites have the distal tip with mildly more developed tubercles or spines (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E5AFFABFB83E494798EDEFF" box="[1119,1189,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[201,1389,202,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[172,1395,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype, sclerites: Point and collaret (a. sclerites with slightly more developed tips)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842301/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
a). Very occasionally, sclerites can have complex warts. Below the collaret, similar sclerites are arranged obliquely on the polyp neck, sparser than on the polyp head, presumably to allow the polyp to invaginate at the neck area.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E5AFFABFF1BE50F784DDF87" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Along the aboral side of the tentacle, sclerites are arranged longitudinally (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E5AFFABFBC8E50F797CDF6A" box="[1044,1111,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[201,1381,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[176,1411,193,1915]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 7. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Tentacular and point sclerites in situ; B. Tentacle rachis sclerites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842303/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A) and are all mostly similar to the sclerites from the points although shorter. They are straight or slightly curved tuberculate sticks and spindles with complex warts occurring occasionally and processes slightly more developed on one end (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E5AFFABFB12E5477839DFA2" box="[1230,1298,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[201,1381,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[176,1411,193,1915]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 7. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Tentacular and point sclerites in situ; B. Tentacle rachis sclerites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842303/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
B). Sclerites grade in size from longest (
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E5AFFABFE15E5BC7F0ADF86" box="[457,545,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
) at the proximal end of the tentacle to shortest (
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E5AFFABFBE4E5BC79B4DF86" box="[1080,1183,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
) at the distal end.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E5AFFABFF1BE590782DDCAF" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Long, thin, spatulate clubs extend longitudinally most of the way down the pinnules (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E5AFFABFB5BE59F79E1DFFA" box="[1159,1226,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1969,1991]" captionTargetBox="[189,1407,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[168,1411,193,1926]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 8. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Tip of cleared tentacle showing crowded sclerites in pinnules; B. Pinnule sclerites (a. spatulate clubs; b. rods and spindles)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842305/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
A). These sclerites are crowded, with the spatulate tip toward the distal end of the pinnules, and are easily broken during dissection. The spatulate clubs have long, narrow handles and flattened, occasionally forked, tips and are usually straight but can be curved or with bent tips (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E5AFFABFDC7E60C7F4BDC16" box="[539,608,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1969,1991]" captionTargetBox="[189,1407,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[168,1411,193,1926]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 8. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Tip of cleared tentacle showing crowded sclerites in pinnules; B. Pinnule sclerites (a. spatulate clubs; b. rods and spindles)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842305/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
Ba). There are also short rods with sparse tubercles, narrow sticks and spindles without a flattened tip and very small spindles in the pinnules (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E5AFFABFC14E66F7921DC4A" box="[968,1034,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1969,1991]" captionTargetBox="[189,1407,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[168,1411,193,1926]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 8. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Tip of cleared tentacle showing crowded sclerites in pinnules; B. Pinnule sclerites (a. spatulate clubs; b. rods and spindles)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842305/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
Bb). The size of the spatulate clubs ranges from 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E5AFFABFEF8E6447C92DCAE" box="[292,441,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.42" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.34">0.34–0.5 mm</quantity>
while the smaller rods and spindles are approximately 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E5AFFABFBFFE64479EDDCAE" box="[1059,1222,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.145" valueMax="0.21" valueMin="0.08">0.08–0.21 mm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E5AFFABFF1BE6A77CBCDCDA" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Small rods (
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E5AFFABFE93E6B87CDFDC8D" box="[335,500,656,680]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.16" valueMax="0.24" valueMin="0.08">0.08–0.24 mm</quantity>
long) with cone-like prominences and sparse warts occur in the pharynx (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E5AFFABFAE9E6A77852DC82" box="[1333,1401,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1002,1024]" captionTargetBox="[157,1435,193,972]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1435,193,981]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 9. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Pharyngeal sclerites; B. In situ arrangement of pharyngeal sclerites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842307/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
A). These sclerites are arranged in ill-defined lines in the pharynx corresponding to the mesenterial insertions and are not crowded (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E5AFFABFEEDE6FF7C5EDCDA" box="[305,373,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1002,1024]" captionTargetBox="[157,1435,193,972]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1435,193,981]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 9. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Pharyngeal sclerites; B. In situ arrangement of pharyngeal sclerites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842307/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E5AFFABFF1BE6D478BDDDAA" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
The sclerites of the calyx are arranged in a dense layer, longitudinally to obliquely in the wall. They are short, straight or slightly curved sticks and spindles mostly with simple tubercles (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E5AFFABFC2AE7377961DD12" box="[1014,1098,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[185,1411,215,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[173,1415,203,1733]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 10. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype, sclerites: Calyx (a. slightly clavate sclerites)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842309/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Occasionally more complex warts occur and some sclerites have a clavate tip with slightly flared or foliose spines (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E5AFFABFBA1E76C79E4DD76" box="[1149,1231,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[185,1411,215,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[173,1415,203,1733]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 10. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype, sclerites: Calyx (a. slightly clavate sclerites)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842309/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
a) but they do not form true thorn clubs. The sclerites have a small size range, only varying from approximately 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E5AFFABFB6FE74F787DDD55" box="[1203,1366,871,896]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.34" valueMax="0.45" valueMin="0.23">0.23–0.45 mm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E5AFFABFF1BE7A47C96DA1E" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
The sclerites from the cortex are similar to those in the calyces—small, straight, tuberculate sticks and spindles of a fairly uniform shape and size (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E5AFFABFDE8E7877FA3DDE2" box="[564,648,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1986,2008]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,1132,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1435,1129,1963]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 11. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype, sclerites: Cortex (a. slightly clavate sclerites)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842311/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Most of the sclerites are between 0.16 and 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E5AFFABFB44E79879D4DDED" box="[1176,1279,944,968]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.38">0.38 mm</quantity>
in length but slightly longer sclerites also occur. Occasionally, sclerites with more complex warts occur but more commonly the tubercles are simple and relatively sparse. Some sclerites can have one marginally more complex tip making them slightly clavate (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E5AFFABFE8CE0347C8ADA1E" box="[336,417,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1986,2008]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,1132,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1435,1129,1963]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 11. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype, sclerites: Cortex (a. slightly clavate sclerites)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842311/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
a).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4D66733E5AFFABFF4BE3EA79FBD9F2" box="[151,1232,1986,2008]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842311/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" targetBox="[164,1425,1132,1952]" targetPageId="27">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E5AFFABFF4BE3EA79FBD9F2" blockId="27.[151,1232,1986,2008]" box="[151,1232,1986,2008]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E5AFFABFF4BE3EA7C35D9F2" bold="true" box="[151,286,1986,2008]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E5AFFABFEF8E3EA7FB9D9F2" authority="(Sars, 1856)" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1856" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[292,658,1986,2008]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E5AFFABFEF8E3EA7F24D9F2" box="[292,527,1986,2008]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Anthothela grandiflora</emphasis>
(Sars, 1856)
</taxonomicName>
, holotype, sclerites: Cortex (a. slightly clavate sclerites).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D66733E5DFFACFF4BE3F77EEBD9DF" box="[151,960,2015,2037]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842313/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" targetBox="[178,1422,193,1987]" targetPageId="28">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E5DFFACFF4BE3F77EEBD9DF" blockId="28.[151,960,2015,2037]" box="[151,960,2015,2037]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E5DFFACFF4BE3F77C34D9DF" bold="true" box="[151,287,2015,2037]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E5DFFACFEF9E3F77FB8D9DF" authority="(Sars, 1856)" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1856" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[293,659,2015,2037]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E5DFFACFEF9E3F77F3BD9DF" box="[293,528,2015,2037]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Anthothela grandiflora</emphasis>
(Sars, 1856)
</taxonomicName>
, holotype, sclerites: Medulla.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D66733E5CFFADFF4BE3E97963D9DF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842315/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" targetBox="[166,1425,193,1955]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E5CFFADFF4BE3E97963D9DF" blockId="29.[151,1437,1985,2037]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E5CFFADFF4BE3E97C34D9FD" bold="true" box="[151,287,1985,2007]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E5CFFADFEF9E3E97FBFD9FD" authority="(Sars, 1856)" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1856" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[293,660,1985,2007]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E5CFFADFEF9E3E97F24D9FD" box="[293,527,1985,2007]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Anthothela grandiflora</emphasis>
(Sars, 1856)
</taxonomicName>
: A–B. NTNU 67149: (A). Calicular sclerites; (B). Recently collected colony. C. NTNU 67148, recently collected colony. (B–C. Courtesy of Torkild Bakken, NTNU-VM).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D66733E5FFFAEFF4BE2D67860D93E" box="[151,1355,1790,1812]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842317/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" targetBox="[164,1429,203,1757]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E5FFFAEFF4BE2D67860D93E" blockId="30.[151,1355,1790,1812]" box="[151,1355,1790,1812]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E5FFFAEFF4BE2D67C34D93E" bold="true" box="[151,287,1790,1812]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E5FFFAEFEF9E2D67FB8D93E" authority="(Sars, 1856)" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1856" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[293,659,1790,1812]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E5FFFAEFEF9E2D67F3BD93E" box="[293,528,1790,1812]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Anthothela grandiflora</emphasis>
(Sars, 1856)
</taxonomicName>
, tentacle rachis sclerites: A. ZMUC-ANT-000470; B. NTNU 40338.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E5FFFAEFF1BE3137EF1D9EA" blockId="30.[151,1436,1851,2020]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
The medulla is composed of tightly packed sclerites, mainly sticks and spindles with simple to complex tubercles (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E5FFFAEFED3E3777C4ED952" box="[271,357,1887,1912]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="28.[151,250,2015,2037]" captionTargetBox="[178,1422,193,1987]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[164,1422,193,1994]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 12. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype, sclerites: Medulla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842313/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). There are examples of fusion, branching and forking among the sclerites resulting in quite complex forms. The length of the sclerites can vary considerably (
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E5FFFAEFCA5E3AC7929D9B6" box="[889,1026,1924,1948]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.9 mm</quantity>
) and the longest are probably underrepresented in the figure as it is difficult to sample them without breakage.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E5FFFAEFF1BE3E37E9BD9CE" blockId="30.[151,1436,1851,2020]" box="[199,944,1995,2020]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">All sclerites are transparent and colourless under transmitted light.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E5EFFAFFF1BE4BF7F98DCDA" blockId="31.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E5EFFAFFF1BE4BF7C7BDE9A" bold="true" box="[199,336,151,176]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Variability:</emphasis>
Variability of sclerite development within this species appears to be quite substantial. The holotype is from the northern tip of Norway, at the extreme northern point of the distribution of the specimens examined, and it is a specimen with a very consistent form of sclerites (sticks and spindles with simple tubercles) from the aboral side of the tentacles, points, collaret, calyx and the cortex (unfortunately no specimens which are geographically close to the holotype were available). Other specimens have considerable variation in the complexity and shape of the sclerites. One specimen, NTNU-VM 67149, from Trondheimsfjord, Norway, has sclerites from the calyx which are more often club-shaped with very complex warts and spines in addition to the sticks and spindles with simple tubercles like those in the holotype (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E5EFFAFFC4FE5BC7ECFDF86" box="[915,996,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1985,2007]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,193,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1435,193,1963]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856): A – B. NTNU 67149: (A). Calicular sclerites; (B). Recently collected colony. C. NTNU 67148, recently collected colony. (B – C. Courtesy of Torkild Bakken, NTNU-VM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842315/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
A). Such complex sclerites in the calyx are common in other specimens investigated, particularly in specimens from the Trondheimsfjord, yet the colony, polyp form and the other sclerites are similar to those in the holotype. Photographs of two specimens from Trondheimsfjord taken soon after collection (NTNU-VM 67149 and NTNU-VM 67148) demonstrate the live colour to be creamy pink (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E5EFFAFFE0CE60C7F0EDC16" box="[464,549,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1985,2007]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,193,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1435,193,1963]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856): A – B. NTNU 67149: (A). Calicular sclerites; (B). Recently collected colony. C. NTNU 67148, recently collected colony. (B – C. Courtesy of Torkild Bakken, NTNU-VM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842315/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
B, C). In addition, there are many specimens with more complex and larger sclerites from the tentacles, points and surface than those observed in the holotype. In particular, despite much similarity with the holotype in other areas, the sclerites from the tentacles of ZMUC-ANT-000470 and NTNU-VM 40338 have more developed processes on the distal tips (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E5EFFAFFCFEE6A77E5FDC82" box="[802,884,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[164,1429,203,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1435,193,1769]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 14. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), tentacle rachis sclerites: A. ZMUC-ANT- 000470; B. NTNU 40338." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842317/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
A, B). At this stage, it is assumed they are more complex versions of those in the tentacle rachis of the holotype, although further collections may allow a definitive delimitation within these degrees of complexity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E5EFFAFFF1BE6D47C2BDDAA" blockId="31.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Similarly, the colony surface of sample NTNU-VM 63139, along with small sticks and spindles like those of the holotype, has numerous short, straight, club-shaped forms with smooth areas as well as more developed spines and warts (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E5EFFAFFECEE76C7C4DDD77" box="[274,358,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="31.[151,250,2010,2032]" captionTargetBox="[178,1412,954,1973]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[169,1412,949,1984]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), NTNU 63139, sclerites: Cortex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842319/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
). These surface sclerites were recorded in lesser amounts in other specimens as well, but not the holotype.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4D66733E5EFFAFFF4BE3F27EC8D9DA" box="[151,995,2010,2032]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842319/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" targetBox="[178,1412,954,1973]" targetPageId="31">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E5EFFAFFF4BE3F27EC8D9DA" blockId="31.[151,995,2010,2032]" box="[151,995,2010,2032]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E5EFFAFFF4BE3F27C34D9DA" bold="true" box="[151,287,2010,2032]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E5EFFAFFEF9E3F27FB8D9DA" authority="(Sars, 1856)" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1856" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[293,659,2010,2032]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E5EFFAFFEF9E3F27F3BD9DA" box="[293,528,2010,2032]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Anthothela grandiflora</emphasis>
(Sars, 1856)
</taxonomicName>
, NTNU 63139, sclerites: Cortex.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32865703E61FF90FF1BE4BF7991DF31" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E61FF90FF1BE4BF786BDED2" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,1999]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FF1BE4BF7C49DE9A" bold="true" box="[199,354,151,176]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Distribution:</emphasis>
Confirmed records are from the north eastern Atlantic Ocean in deep coastal waters and fjords of 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E61FF90FF69E4947C24DEFE" box="[181,271,188,212]" name="Norway" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Norway</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E61FF90FE99E4937CB0DEFE" box="[325,411,187,212]" name="Iceland" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Iceland</collectingCountry>
; north western Atlantic Ocean, in deep waters off the coast of 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E61FF90FB8DE493798EDEFE" box="[1105,1189,187,212]" name="Canada" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Canada</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E61FF90FB07E494783DDEFE" box="[1243,1302,188,212]" name="United States of America" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">USA</collectingCountry>
; the Gulf of Biscay, off the west coast of 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E61FF90FE05E4C87F02DEDD" box="[473,553,224,247]" name="France" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">France</collectingCountry>
; and the south western Atlantic Ocean off the coast of southern 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E61FF90FB29E4F77816DED2" box="[1269,1341,223,248]" name="Brazil" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E61FF90FF1BE52B7991DF31" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,1999]" box="[199,1210,259,284]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FF1BE52B7C32DF36" bold="true" box="[199,281,259,284]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Depth:</emphasis>
Confirmed specimens 100–960 metres; most commonly between 100–500 metres.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32865703E61FF90FF1BE50E7F2AD9E5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E61FF90FF1BE50E7EC6DC8F" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,1999]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FF1BE50E7C16DF15" bold="true" box="[199,317,294,319]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Remarks:</emphasis>
There has been much confusion over many years between 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FC25E50F79B6DF15" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[1017,1181,294,319]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FC25E50F79B6DF15" box="[1017,1181,294,319]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and material that has herein been assigned to the new genus 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FD8DE5627FFBDF49" box="[593,720,330,355]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FD8DE5627FE7DF49" authority="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller, 2017" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" box="[593,716,330,355]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="200" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Lateothela</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
In every collection examined which contained specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FA58E5637C33DFAD" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FA58E5637C33DFAD" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FE0FE5467F60DFAD" authority="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller, 2017" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" box="[467,587,366,391]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FE0FE5467F60DFAD" box="[467,587,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Lateothela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E61FF90FD84E5467F85DFAD" box="[600,686,366,391]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FD84E5467F85DFAD" bold="true" box="[600,686,366,391]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">n. gen.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
were also found, almost always erroneously determined as 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FA58E5477C0BDF81" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FA58E5477C37DF81" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">A. grandiflora</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
In Broch’s (1912b) extensive re-description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FCECE5BB7EE4DF81" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[816,975,402,427]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FCECE5BB7EE4DF81" box="[816,975,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it now seems clear that he included more than one specimen in his description, and at least one of these was likely to have been a specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FAF8E59D7C33DFD8" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault &amp; d'Hondt" baseAuthorityYear="1974" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FAF8E59D7C33DFD8" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Lateothela grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E61FF90FEFCE5F17CACDFD8" box="[288,391,473,498]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FEFCE5F17CACDFD8" bold="true" box="[288,391,473,498]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
The figure of the small, warty rodlets from the calyces and cortex (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E61FF90FB58E5F17833DFD8" author="Broch" box="[1156,1304,473,498]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Broch, H. (1912 b) Die Alcyonarien des Trondhjemsfjordes. II. Gorgonacea. Det Kongelige Norske Fidenskabers Selskabs Skrifter 1912, 2, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1912" yearSuffix="b">Broch 1912b</bibRefCitation>
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E61FF90FAFCE5F17859DFD8" box="[1312,1394,473,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[185,1374,194,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[185,1392,193,1920]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Josephinae clubs found in the pinnules and tentacle rachis of Ƒictorgorgia and Lateothela n. gen.; B. Spindles (93 – 95), needles (86 – 87) and bars (88 – 89) from Bayer et al. 1983, Plate 16; C. Sticks." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842293/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
, b), which are common in 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FE7FE5D67F6DDC3C" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault &amp; d'Hondt" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[419,582,509,534]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FE7FE5D67F6DDC3C" box="[419,582,509,534]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">L. grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E61FF90FD8EE5D57F97DC3C" box="[594,700,509,534]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FD8EE5D57F97DC3C" bold="true" box="[594,700,509,534]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
but do not occur in any significant number in 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FB2CE5D678B7DC3C" box="[1264,1436,509,534]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FB2CE5D678B3DC3C" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault &amp; d'Hondt" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[1264,1432,509,534]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">A. grandiflora</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
perpetuated the confusion between the two genera. One of the chief morphological differences between these two species is the preponderance of these rodlets in the calyces and cortex of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FC2EE66E79B8DC77" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault &amp; d'Hondt" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[1010,1171,580,605]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FC2EE66E79B8DC77" box="[1010,1171,580,605]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">L. grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E61FF90FB41E66C782DDC77" box="[1181,1286,580,605]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FB41E66C782DDC77" bold="true" box="[1181,1286,580,605]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(mixed with tuberculate sticks and spindles) compared with their rarity in 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FC81E6417923DCAB" box="[861,1032,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FC81E641792FDCAB" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault &amp; d'Hondt" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[861,1028,616,641]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">A. grandiflora</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Other differences between the two species are colony form and differences in the pinnule and tentacle sclerites.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E61FF90FF1BE6877F2DDA78" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,1999]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Much of the subsequent literature perpetuated Broch’s (1912b) incorrect description, thus some later determinations and descriptions of specimens are clearly incorrect or cannot be confirmed (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E61FF90FB72E6FB7816DCC6" author="Verrill" box="[1198,1341,723,748]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1922) The Alcyonaria of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913 - 1918, with a revision of some other Canadian genera and species. Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913 - 1918, 8, 1 - 164." type="journal article" year="1922">Verrill 1922</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E61FF90FA96E6FB7DF9DD3A" author="Stiasny" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Stiasny, G. (1937) Die Gorgonacea der Siboga Expedition. Supplement II, Revision der Scleraxonia mit ausschluss der Melitodidae und Coralliidae Siboga Expedition Monograph, 13 b (8), 1 - 138." type="journal article" year="1937">Stiasny 1937</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E61FF90FF3DE6DF7CB5DD3A" author="Verseveldt" box="[225,414,759,784]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Verseveldt, J. (1940) Studies on Octocorallia of families Briareidae, Paragorgiidae and Anthothelidae. Temminckia, V, 1 - 142." type="book chapter" year="1940">Verseveldt 1940</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E61FF90FE71E6DF7F62DD3A" author="Madsen" box="[429,585,759,784]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1944) Octocorallia. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, V (13), 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1944">Madsen 1944</bibRefCitation>
) and many specimens remain incorrectly identified. For example, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E61FF90FA89E6DF7DCADD19" author="Verrill" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1922) The Alcyonaria of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913 - 1918, with a revision of some other Canadian genera and species. Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913 - 1918, 8, 1 - 164." type="journal article" year="1922">Verrill (1922)</bibRefCitation>
when describing 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FE74E7347F63DD1E" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault &amp; d'Hondt" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[424,584,795,820]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FE74E7347F63DD1E" box="[424,584,795,820]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
stated the figures are “from the 
<typeStatus id="548988593E61FF90FC6FE7347EC8DD1E" box="[947,995,796,820]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus>
described in 1869”, but Plate VI 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E61FF90FA87E73378B7DD19" box="[1371,1436,795,820]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1841,1863]" captionTargetBox="[151,1400,193,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,193,1820]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Cross-section of the holotype of Ƒictorgorgia eminens n. sp. showing extensive boundary canals which frequently anastomose and distinct central canals in the medulla; B. Cross-section of the holotype of Anthothela grandiflora showing boundary canals, adjacent but separate, and a medulla lacking any obvious central canals; C. Extended polyp of the holotype of A. aldersladei n. sp. showing polyp, calyx, points and collaret; D. Partly extended polyp of A. quattriniae n. sp. showing polyp head, calyx, points and collaret and, on right, a fully retracted polyp; E. Spatulate clubs found in Anthothela." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842291/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3E61FF90FA52E73378B7DD19" box="[1422,1436,795,819]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="in" value="1.0">1</quantity>
</figureCitation>
in particular, and his description of the appearance of the calyces, appears to depict 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FB8EE76879D9DD7D" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault &amp; d'Hondt" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[1106,1266,830,855]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FB8EE76879D9DD7D" box="[1106,1266,830,855]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">L. grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E61FF90FB27E7167849DD7D" box="[1275,1378,830,855]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FB27E7167849DD7D" bold="true" box="[1275,1378,830,855]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
with the small warty rodlets in the calyx and surface. However, the colony depicted in Verrill’s Text 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E61FF90FB02E74A7815DD51" box="[1246,1342,866,891]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[185,1374,194,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[185,1392,193,1920]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Josephinae clubs found in the pinnules and tentacle rachis of Ƒictorgorgia and Lateothela n. gen.; B. Spindles (93 – 95), needles (86 – 87) and bars (88 – 89) from Bayer et al. 1983, Plate 16; C. Sticks." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842293/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figure 2</figureCitation>
is more like the 
<typeStatus id="548988593E61FF90FF2BE7AE7C72DDB5" box="[247,345,902,927]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FE58E7AF7F0CDDB5" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault &amp; d'Hondt" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[388,551,902,927]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FE58E7AF7F0CDDB5" box="[388,551,902,927]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and not of a colony of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FCE3E7AF7ECADDB5" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault &amp; d'Hondt" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[831,993,902,927]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FCE3E7AF7ECADDB5" box="[831,993,902,927]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">L. grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E61FF90FC37E7AE797FDDB5" box="[1003,1108,902,927]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FC37E7AE797FDDB5" bold="true" box="[1003,1108,902,927]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
There is no way to confirm exactly which specimen (or specimens?) Verrill figured in this paper, however it is possible it may not have been the 
<typeStatus id="548988593E61FF90FF14E7E57C01DDCC" box="[200,298,973,998]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FE83E7E67F25DDCC" box="[351,526,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FE83E7E67F21DDCC" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault &amp; d'Hondt" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[351,522,973,998]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">A. grandiflora</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
or perhaps he used more than one specimen to assemble the description. Additionally, this current research has confirmed that of the specimens listed as 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FBF4E7DA78B7DA20" authority="in Madsen (1944)" authorityName="in Madsen" authorityYear="1944" box="[1064,1436,1009,1034]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FBF4E7DA79E2DA20" box="[1064,1225,1009,1034]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. grandiflora</emphasis>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E61FF90FB2CE7D978B7DA20" author="Madsen" box="[1264,1436,1009,1034]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1944) Octocorallia. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, V (13), 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1944">Madsen (1944)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
three are valid, but one specimen (‘Thor’ Stat 168) is an example of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FC41E03E7917DA04" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault &amp; d'Hondt" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[925,1084,1045,1070]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FC41E03E7917DA04" box="[925,1084,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">L. grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E61FF90FB98E03D7981DA04" box="[1092,1194,1045,1070]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FB98E03D7981DA04" bold="true" box="[1092,1194,1045,1070]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
—another instance of the confusion of the two species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E61FF90FF1BE0747933DB66" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,1999]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
The variation observed amongst specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FD2CE0757EBDDA5F" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault &amp; d'Hondt" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[752,918,1116,1141]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FD2CE0757EBDDA5F" box="[752,918,1116,1141]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows the 
<typeStatus id="548988593E61FF90FBF8E07479ADDA5F" box="[1060,1158,1116,1141]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
to be a specimen with minimal complexity in the warts and tubercles of the sclerites and in the shape of the sclerites themselves. Nevertheless, the tangled colony form, long thin spatulate clubs in the pinnules and generally simple tuberculate sticks and spindles with a tendency to be clavate seem to be consistent across the specimens examined. At this stage there are not enough consistent differences to reliably delimit other species within the sample set, however, considering the large geographic range which is currently recorded for this species it would not be surprising if future studies can confidently define other 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FDABE11B7FD9DB66" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" box="[631,754,1331,1356]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FDABE11B7FD9DB66" box="[631,754,1331,1356]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Anthothela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species within this group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E61FF90FF1BE17F7F2AD9E5" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,1999]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FF1BE17F7C4CDB45" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault &amp; d'Hondt" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[199,359,1366,1391]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FF1BE17F7C4CDB45" box="[199,359,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as detailed here appears to be reasonably wide-spread in the deep waters of the Atlantic Ocean. 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FF4BE1527CA8DBB9" authorityName="Bayer" authorityYear="1961" box="[151,387,1402,1427]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tropicalis">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FF4BE1527CA8DBB9" box="[151,387,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Anthothela tropicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FE67E1527F90DBB9" authority="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller, 2017" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" box="[443,699,1402,1427]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quattriniae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FE67E1527F90DBB9" box="[443,699,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Anthothela quattriniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E61FF90FD1EE1527E29DBB9" box="[706,770,1402,1427]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FD1EE1527E29DBB9" bold="true" box="[706,770,1402,1427]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
also occur in the Atlantic, although 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FB42E1537811DBB9" authority="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller, 2017" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" box="[1182,1338,1403,1427]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quattriniae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FB42E1537811DBB9" box="[1182,1338,1403,1427]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. quattriniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E61FF90FA9EE15278AADBB9" box="[1346,1409,1402,1427]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FA9EE15278AADBB9" bold="true" box="[1346,1409,1402,1427]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is currently only recorded from the Gulf of 
<collectingRegion id="49F6F8193E61FF90FDB8E1B67F95DB9D" box="[612,702,1438,1463]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E61FF90FDB8E1B67F95DB9D" box="[612,702,1438,1463]" name="Mexico" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Mexico</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
. Both of these species have large thorn clubs, which are thorny in 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FF4BE1EB7C08DBF1" authorityName="Bayer" authorityYear="1961" box="[151,291,1474,1499]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tropicalis">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FF4BE1EB7C08DBF1" box="[151,291,1474,1499]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. tropicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E61FF90FEEAE1EA7CA0DBF0" box="[310,395,1474,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="62.[151,250,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[184,1416,193,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@62.[175,1418,193,1948]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 38. Anthothela tropicalis Bayer, 1961, holotype, calyx sclerites: A. Thorn clubs; B. Spindles and sticks." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842365/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
) and bulbous in 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FD8FE1EB7FDADBF0" authority="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller, 2017" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" box="[595,753,1475,1498]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quattriniae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FD8FE1EB7FDADBF0" box="[595,753,1475,1498]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. quattriniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E61FF90FD20E1EA7E15DBF1" box="[764,830,1474,1499]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FD20E1EA7E15DBF1" bold="true" box="[764,830,1474,1499]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E61FF90FC8DE1EA7E8CDBF1" box="[849,935,1474,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1980,2002]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,373,1950]" captionTargetId="figure@88.[151,1435,373,1959]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 63. Anthothela quattriniae, n. sp., holotype: Bulbous calyx sclerites (a. sclerites lacking a spear tip)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842415/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
), and both have colonies with very prickly surfaces with the thorn clubs projecting outwards. 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FD10E1CE7E47DBD4" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault &amp; d'Hondt" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[716,876,1509,1534]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FD10E1CE7E47DBD4" box="[716,876,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks true thorn clubs and has a relatively smooth surface. 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FF25E2217CF2D808" baseAuthorityName="Kukenthal" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[249,473,1545,1570]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FF25E2217CF2D808" box="[249,473,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Anthothela pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has currently only been recorded from the northern Pacific Ocean, and has small, straight sticks, spindles and clubs in the calyces and cortex which are smaller than those recorded in 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FB29E20678B6D86C" box="[1269,1437,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FB29E20678B2D86C" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault &amp; d'Hondt" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[1269,1433,1581,1606]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">A. grandiflora</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Specimens of another species herein assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FD13E2797E61D840" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" box="[719,842,1617,1642]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FD13E2797E61D840" box="[719,842,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Anthothela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FC87E27A7EFFD840" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Benham" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[859,980,1617,1642]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vickersi" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FC87E27A7EFFD840" box="[859,980,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. vickersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E61FF90FC02E279796CD840" box="[990,1095,1617,1642]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FC02E279796CD840" bold="true" box="[990,1095,1617,1642]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, carry the same haplotype as specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FE9CE25D7CCCD8A7" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault &amp; d'Hondt" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[320,487,1652,1677]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FE9CE25D7CCCD8A7" box="[320,487,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
using two mitochondrial gene regions (
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FC0FE25D7901D8A6" box="[979,1066,1653,1676]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">mtMutS</emphasis>
and igr1– 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FB77E25D79CBD8A7" box="[1195,1248,1653,1677]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">cox1</emphasis>
). However, the morphological and geographical differences between these populations were deemed enough to maintain separation into two species. Chiefly, the sclerites in a calyx of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FCA9E2957EC5D8FF" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Benham" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[885,1006,1724,1749]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vickersi" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FCA9E2957EC5D8FF" box="[885,1006,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. vickersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E61FF90FC25E2947949D8FF" box="[1017,1122,1724,1749]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FC25E2947949D8FF" bold="true" box="[1017,1122,1724,1749]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
are large, bent thorn clubs which project out from the calyx wall (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E61FF90FDB5E2F77FE0D8D2" box="[617,715,1759,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1435,193,1933]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 21. Anthothela vickersi (Benham, 1928) n. comb., holotype: A. Branch with polyps; B. Partly retracted polyp (a. intermediate sclerites); C. Partly extended polyp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842331/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figs. 21</figureCitation>
; 27), while the smaller sclerites in a calyx of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FB2CE2C878BED8D2" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault &amp; d'Hondt" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[1264,1429,1759,1784]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FB2CE2C878BED8D2" box="[1264,1429,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although at times complex, do not consistently have spear tips which project out of the colony. Additionally 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FA58E32C7DC5D96A" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Benham" baseAuthorityYear="1928" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vickersi" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FA58E32C7DC5D96A" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. vickersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E61FF90FF2BE30F7C75D96A" box="[247,350,1831,1856]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FF2BE30F7C75D96A" bold="true" box="[247,350,1831,1856]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
has short, relatively broad, tuberculate rods that are common in the cortex (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E61FF90FB1BE30F7830D96A" box="[1223,1307,1831,1856]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="54.[151,250,1928,1950]" captionTargetBox="[200,1392,193,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[182,1405,193,1913]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 31. Anthothela vickersi (Benham, 1928) n. comb., A. TMAG K 3985, cortex sclerites (a. small clubs); B. TMAG K 3984, recently collected specimen; C. TMAG K 3985, recently collected specimen. (B – C. Courtesy of Karen Gowlett- Holmes, CSIRO O &amp; A)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842351/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
), and long, narrow sticks and spindles in the tentacle rachis and pinnules (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E61FF90FCA7E3637EF9D94E" box="[891,978,1867,1892]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[187,1397,193,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[179,1406,193,1924]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 25. Anthothela vickersi (Benham, 1928) n. comb., holotype, sclerites: Pinnule (a. sclerites lacking a splayed tip; b. rods and spindles; c. long stick)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842339/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
), both of which are not common in 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FA58E3647C09D9AD" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FA58E3647C30D9AD" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault &amp; d'Hondt" baseAuthorityYear="1974" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">A. grandiflora</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
the branches of the colonies of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FD5DE3477FDCD9AD" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Benham" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[641,759,1902,1927]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vickersi" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FD5DE3477FDCD9AD" box="[641,759,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. vickersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E61FF90FD21E3467E48D9AD" box="[765,867,1902,1927]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FD21E3467E48D9AD" bold="true" box="[765,867,1902,1927]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
are not as narrow or flexible as 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FB1AE347784ED9AD" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault &amp; d'Hondt" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[1222,1381,1902,1927]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FB1AE347784ED9AD" box="[1222,1381,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FF4BE3BB7C3BD981" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Benham" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[151,272,1938,1963]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vickersi" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FF4BE3BB7C3BD981" box="[151,272,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. vickersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E61FF90FEC6E3BA7CA8D981" box="[282,387,1938,1963]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FEC6E3BA7CA8D981" bold="true" box="[282,387,1938,1963]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
has been recorded from southern 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E61FF90FCCEE3BA7E52D981" box="[786,889,1938,1963]" name="Australia" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Australia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E61FF90FC69E3BB7965D981" box="[949,1102,1938,1963]" name="New Zealand" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
New 
<collectingRegion id="49F6F8193E61FF90FC28E3BA7965D981" box="[1012,1102,1938,1963]" country="Netherlands" name="Zeeland" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Zealand</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
while 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E61FF90FB7CE3BB7868D981" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault &amp; d'Hondt" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[1184,1347,1938,1963]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E61FF90FB7CE3BB7868D981" box="[1184,1347,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from the Atlantic Ocean.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32865703E60FF91FF1BE4BF7FD6DEDD" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E60FF91FF1BE4BF7FD6DEDD" blockId="33.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E60FF91FF1BE4BF7CE3DE9A" authority="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller, 2017" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" box="[199,456,151,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aldersladei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E60FF91FF1BE4BF7CE3DE9A" box="[199,456,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Anthothela aldersladei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E60FF91FE0CE4BF7F3BDE9A" box="[464,528,151,176]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E60FF91FE0CE4BF7F3BDE9A" bold="true" box="[464,528,151,176]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
from 
<collectingRegion id="49F6F8193E60FF91FD8AE4B07E34DE9A" box="[598,799,151,176]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Western 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E60FF91FD65E4BF7E34DE9A" box="[697,799,151,176]" name="Australia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Australia</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E60FF91FC6BE4B07973DE9A" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault &amp; d'Hondt" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[951,1112,151,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Lateothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93E60FF91FC6BE4B07973DE9A" box="[951,1112,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">A. grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having short, bent, spiky thorn clubs in the calyces and cortex, giving the colony a very spiky appearance, and has very large sclerites (relative to the polyp head) in the points (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3E60FF91FDBBE4F77FEEDED2" box="[615,709,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="68.[151,250,2000,2022]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,193,1971]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[190,1397,193,1979]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 43. Anthothela aldersladei, n. sp., holotype: A. Extended polyp; B. Polyp bunch (a. bent polyp)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842375/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs. 43</figureCitation>
; 46).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>