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<mods:title id="355CE101B9250561D91CB76233BFE966">Resolving phylogenetic and classical nomenclature: A revision of Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 (Gastropoda: Neostromboidae)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFF1EF29712FCFD5A" bold="true" box="[151,466,685,712]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Paraseraphs armoricensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648741FFEBFE6BF297119FFD55" author="Cossmann, M." box="[482,689,685,711]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="297 - 358" refId="ref33506" refString="Cossmann, M. (1897) Mollusques eoceniques de al Loire-Inferieure. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles de l'Ouest France, 7, 297 - 358." type="journal article" year="1897">Cossmann, 1897</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="13092A108741FFEBFF1EF2E81226FD7E" box="[151,264,722,748]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1652,1676]" captionTargetBox="[229,1357,188,1617]" captionTargetId="figure-19@26.[213,1374,181,1628]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 7. Paraseraphs Jung, 1974. A. Paraseraphs ameri (Abbass, 1967), Holotype, EMC, Gastropod Section, G363, incomplete (Abbass 1967, p. 61, pl. VIII, fig. 6). B. Paraseraphs armoricensis (Cossmann, 1897), Dumas Collection, length 22.7 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 10, figs. 1618). C. Paraseraphs cantamessae Maxwell et al., 2018a, holotype, USNM 135097A, length 56.9 mm (Maxwell et al. 2018a, fig. 1). D. Paraseraphs erraticus (Cooper, 1894)), UCMP 15820, length 26.8 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 12, figs. 810). E. Paraseraphs placitus Jung, 1974, holotype, NMB H14491, length 22.7 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 10, figs. 1618). F. Paraseraphs praecedens Caze et al., 2010, holotype, MNHN A05707, Collection de Paleontologie, Paris, length 19 mm (Caze et al. 2010, figs. 29E, F). G. Paraseraphs procerus (Merian, 1844), holotype, NMB H14374, length 71.8 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 12, figs. 1, 2). H. Paraseraphs propedistortus (de Gregorio, 1880), NMB H14509, length 53.2 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 11, figs. 1213). I. Paraseraphs tetanus Jung, 1974, holotype, NMB H15409, length 28.7 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 10, figs. 57). J) Paraseraphs texanopsis Garvie, 2013, Texas Natural Science Centre, UT(Austin), NPL46617, length 53.3 mm (Garvie 2013, pl. 1, figs. 10, 11)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5026795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5026795/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Figure 7B</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="8B8D36958741FFEBFF1EF32C1735FCBC" blockId="27.[151,1437,790,1060]" box="[151,1051,790,815]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
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1856
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168741FFEBFF59F32C110BFCBC" authority="Cailliaud" authorityName="Cailliaud" box="[208,549,790,814]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cylindricum">
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFF59F32C12EEFCBC" box="[208,448,790,814]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Terebellum cylindricum</emphasis>
Cailliaud
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, p. 42.
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, p. 34
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648741FFEBFCADF32C10E5FCBC" author="Caze, B. &amp; Merle, D. &amp; Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P." box="[804,971,790,814]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="417 - 477" refId="ref33015" refString="Caze, B., Merle, D., Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P. (2010) First systematic study using the variability of the residual colour patterns: the case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea). Geodiversitas, 32, 417 - 477. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2010 n 3 a 4" type="journal article" year="2010">
Caze
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFCD4F32D10BEFCBC" box="[861,912,790,814]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">et al.</emphasis>
2010
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, p. 459
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.
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<paragraph id="8B8D36958741FFEBFF1EF30F1002FC18" blockId="27.[151,1437,790,1060]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2211BB8741FFEBFF1EF30F1002FC18" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
1881
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168741FFEBFF5BF30F113CFCDE" authority="Vasseur" authorityName="Vasseur" box="[210,530,821,845]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="armoricum">
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFF5BF30F1294FCDF" box="[210,442,821,845]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Terebellum armoricum</emphasis>
Vasseur
</taxonomicName>
, pp. 174, 245 (
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFD26F30C1011FCDF" box="[687,831,821,845]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">nomen nudum</emphasis>
).
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, p. 36
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Caze
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFBC2F30C1751FCDF" box="[1099,1151,821,845]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">et al.</emphasis>
2010
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, p. 459
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. =
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168741FFEBFAA5F30F128CFCFE" authority="Vasseur" authorityName="Vasseur" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="armoricensis">
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFAA5F30F1265FCF9" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Terebellum armoricensis</emphasis>
Vasseur
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, p. 36
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. =
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168741FFEBFD03F36E10EEFCFE" authority="Vasseur" authorityName="Vasseur" box="[650,960,852,876]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="armoricus">
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFD03F36E1047FCF9" box="[650,873,852,876]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Terebellum armoricus</emphasis>
Vasseur
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Caze
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFB9BF36E1769FCFE" box="[1042,1095,852,876]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">et al.</emphasis>
2010
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, p. 456
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, figs. 29AC, 30. =
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168741FFEBFF4EF3481176FC18" authority="Vasseur" authorityName="Vasseur" box="[199,600,882,906]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="fusiforme" subSpecies="armorica">
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFF4EF348112CFC18" box="[199,514,882,906]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Terebellum fusiforme armorica</emphasis>
Vasseur
</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648741FFEBFDFBF34811C6FC18" author="Sacco, F." box="[626,744,882,906]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" refId="ref41322" refString="Sacco, F. (1893) I Molluschi dei Terreni Terziarii del Piemonte e Della Liguria, Part XIV (Strombidae, Terebellidae, Chenopidae ed Haliidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 40 pp." type="book" year="1893">Sacco 1893</bibRefCitation>
, p. 21
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36958741FFEBFF1EF3AB110AFC74" blockId="27.[151,1437,790,1060]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2211BB8741FFEBFF1EF3AB110AFC74" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
1897
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168741FFEBFF58F3AB1117FC3B" authority="Cossmann" authorityName="Cossmann" box="[209,569,913,937]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="armoricense">
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFF58F3AB12E9FC3B" box="[209,455,913,937]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Terebellum armoricense</emphasis>
Cossmann
</taxonomicName>
, p. 340, pl. 8, figs. 10, 15.
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848741FFEBFCC2F3AB176FFC3B" author="Caze, B. &amp; Merle, D. &amp; Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P." box="[843,1089,913,937]" page="459" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648741FFEBFCC2F3AB10DAFC3B" author="Caze, B. &amp; Merle, D. &amp; Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P." box="[843,1012,913,937]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="417 - 477" refId="ref33015" refString="Caze, B., Merle, D., Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P. (2010) First systematic study using the variability of the residual colour patterns: the case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea). Geodiversitas, 32, 417 - 477. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2010 n 3 a 4" type="journal article" year="2010">
Caze
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFC0CF3A81097FC3B" box="[901,953,913,937]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 459
</treatmentCitation>
. =
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168741FFEBFBE9F3AB13D1FC5A" authority="Cossmann" authorityName="Cossmann" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="armoricensis">
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFBE9F3AB1675FC3B" box="[1120,1371,913,937]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Terebellum armoricensis</emphasis>
Cossmann
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848741FFEBFE93F38A12ECFC5A" author="Jung, P." box="[282,450,944,968]" page="34" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648741FFEBFE93F38A12AAFC5A" author="Jung, P." box="[282,388,944,968]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
, p. 34
</treatmentCitation>
. =
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168741FFEBFE69F38A1075FC5A" authority="Cossmann" authorityName="Cossmann" box="[480,859,944,968]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Paraseraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="armoricensis">
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFE69F38A11C5FC55" box="[480,747,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Paraseraphs armoricensis</emphasis>
Cossmann
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848741FFEBFCFCF38A1730FC55" author="Jung, P." box="[885,1054,943,968]" page="36" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648741FFEBFCFCF38A10F1FC5A" author="Jung, P." box="[885,991,944,968]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
, p. 36
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 9, figs. 1925, tf. 28, p. 37, pl. 11, figs. 16.
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848741FFEBFEA4F3F4110EFC74" author="Caze, B. &amp; Merle, D. &amp; Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P." box="[301,544,974,998]" page="459" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648741FFEBFEA4F3F412FDFC74" author="Caze, B. &amp; Merle, D. &amp; Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P." box="[301,467,974,998]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="417 - 477" refId="ref33015" refString="Caze, B., Merle, D., Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P. (2010) First systematic study using the variability of the residual colour patterns: the case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea). Geodiversitas, 32, 417 - 477. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2010 n 3 a 4" type="journal article" year="2010">
Caze
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFEECF3F512B7FC74" box="[357,409,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 459
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36958741FFEBFF1EF3D71034FBB1" blockId="27.[151,1437,790,1060]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2211BB8741FFEBFF1EF3D71034FBB1" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168741FFEBFF1EF3D712FEFB97" authority="Lamarck" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1802" box="[151,464,1005,1029]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fusiforme">
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFF1EF3D71240FB97" box="[151,366,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Terebellum fusiforme</emphasis>
Lamarck
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848741FFEBFE63F3D711CFFB97" author="de Gregorio, A." box="[490,737,1005,1029]" page="20" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" year="1880">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648741FFEBFE63F3D711B1FB97" author="de Gregorio, A." box="[490,671,1005,1029]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" refId="ref34236" refString="de Gregorio, A. (1880) Fauna di S. Giovanni Ilarione (Parisiano). Part 1. Cefalopodi e Gasteropodi. Montaina, Palermo, 106 pp." type="book" year="1880">de Gregorio 1880</bibRefCitation>
, p. 20
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848741FFEBFD65F3D710B7FB97" author="Jung, P." box="[748,921,1005,1029]" page="36" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648741FFEBFD65F3D71076FB97" author="Jung, P." box="[748,856,1005,1029]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
, p. 36
</treatmentCitation>
. =
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168741FFEBFC30F3D717C1FB97" authority="Sowerby" authorityName="Sowerby" box="[953,1263,1005,1029]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fusiforme">
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFC30F3D717BFFB97" box="[953,1169,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Terebellum fusiforme</emphasis>
Sowerby
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848741FFEBFA80F3D713D3FBB6" author="Tennant, J." page="34" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" year="1847">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648741FFEBFA80F3D716B6FB97" author="Tennant, J." box="[1289,1432,1005,1029]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" refId="ref42365" refString="Tennant, J. (1847) A Stratigraphical Lost of Brittish Fossils; Arranged Under the Principal Divisions of the British Strata, with a Few Elementary Remarks on Their Character and Localities. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, London, 132 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 33074" type="book" year="1847">Tennant 1847</bibRefCitation>
, p. 34
</treatmentCitation>
. =
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168741FFEBFE92F436117CFBB6" authority="Cuvillier" authorityName="Cuvillier" box="[283,594,1036,1060]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fusiforme">
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFE92F43612DCFBB6" box="[283,498,1036,1060]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Terebellum fusiforme</emphasis>
Cuvillier
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848741FFEBFDE5F4361038FBB1" author="Jung, P." box="[620,790,1035,1060]" page="36" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648741FFEBFDE5F43611F8FBB6" author="Jung, P." box="[620,726,1036,1060]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
, p. 36
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328651E8741FFEBFF1EF46811F9FB26" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8D36958741FFEBFF1EF46812D5FB02" blockId="27.[151,1437,1105,1492]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFF1EF468126BFBF9" bold="true" box="[151,325,1105,1132]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Type material.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="548988378741FFEBFEC4F468129BFBFE" box="[333,437,1106,1132]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648741FFEBFE58F46811A6FBFE" author="Cossmann, M." box="[465,648,1106,1132]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="297 - 358" refId="ref33506" refString="Cossmann, M. (1897) Mollusques eoceniques de al Loire-Inferieure. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles de l'Ouest France, 7, 297 - 358." type="journal article" year="1897">Cossmann 1897</bibRefCitation>
, p. 340, pl. 8, figs. 10, 15. The type measures
<quantity id="4CCA9B708741FFEBFB06F46817F1FBFE" box="[1167,1247,1106,1132]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" unit="mm" value="73.0">73 mm</quantity>
in length and
<quantity id="4CCA9B708741FFEBFA09F46813EDFB02" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
in width (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648741FFEBFEBCF44C12C0FB02" author="Cossmann, M." box="[309,494,1142,1168]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="297 - 358" refId="ref33506" refString="Cossmann, M. (1897) Mollusques eoceniques de al Loire-Inferieure. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles de l'Ouest France, 7, 297 - 358." type="journal article" year="1897">Cossmann 1897</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36958741FFEBFF4EF4A011F9FB26" blockId="27.[151,1437,1105,1492]" box="[199,727,1177,1204]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CC88741FFEBFF4EF4A011FAFB26" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320081313" box="[199,724,1177,1204]" country="France" location="Bois-Gouet" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFF4EF4A01248FB21" bold="true" box="[199,358,1177,1204]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<typeStatus id="548988378741FFEBFF4EF4A0122CFB26" box="[199,258,1178,1204]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EED604E8741FFEBFEE5F4A012DEFB26" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87838741FFEBFF1EF2971742FA46:8EED604E8741FFEBFEE5F4A012DEFB26" box="[364,496,1178,1204]" country="France" name="Bois-Gouet" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Bois-Gouët</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32576058741FFEBFE72F4A01169FB26" box="[507,583,1178,1204]" name="France" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">France</collectingCountry>
[Bartonian]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328651E8741FFEBFF4EF48711B5FAB2" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8D36958741FFEBFF4EF48711B5FAB2" blockId="27.[151,1437,1105,1492]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFF4EF487126CFB45" bold="true" box="[199,322,1213,1239]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The shell is slender with fine spiral lines, with 2.5 protoconch whorls. The labial callus is moderately well-developed. The labrum is not thickened. The posterior canal is moderately antispiral continuing to the apex. The columella is bent backward basally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328651E8741FFEBFF4EF51317FFFA1E" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8D36958741FFEBFF4EF51317FFFA1E" blockId="27.[151,1437,1105,1492]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFF4EF513124FFAD1" bold="true" box="[199,353,1321,1347]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Distribution.</emphasis>
EOCENE—
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFE7AF510117CFAD6" box="[499,594,1322,1348]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<collectingCountry id="F32576058741FFEBFE7AF510117CFAD6" box="[499,594,1322,1348]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">England</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
London Clays (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648741FFEBFC80F5101087FAD6" author="Tennant, J." box="[777,937,1322,1348]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" refId="ref42365" refString="Tennant, J. (1847) A Stratigraphical Lost of Brittish Fossils; Arranged Under the Principal Divisions of the British Strata, with a Few Elementary Remarks on Their Character and Localities. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, London, 132 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 33074" type="book" year="1847">Tennant 1847</bibRefCitation>
). Bartonian—
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFBC1F51117B7FAD6" box="[1096,1177,1323,1348]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<collectingCountry id="F32576058741FFEBFBC1F51117B7FAD6" box="[1096,1177,1323,1348]" name="France" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">France</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
Bois-Gouët, Loire-Atlantique (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648741FFEBFE8BF5741253FAFA" author="Jung, P." box="[258,381,1358,1384]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648741FFEBFE03F5741165FAFA" author="Caze, B. &amp; Merle, D. &amp; Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P." box="[394,587,1358,1384]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="417 - 477" refId="ref33015" refString="Caze, B., Merle, D., Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P. (2010) First systematic study using the variability of the residual colour patterns: the case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea). Geodiversitas, 32, 417 - 477. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2010 n 3 a 4" type="journal article" year="2010">
Caze
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFE42F575112BFAFA" box="[459,517,1358,1384]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
); Arthon, Loire-Atlantique (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648741FFEBFC02F5741763FAFA" author="Caze, B. &amp; Merle, D. &amp; Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P." box="[907,1101,1358,1384]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="417 - 477" refId="ref33015" refString="Caze, B., Merle, D., Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P. (2010) First systematic study using the variability of the residual colour patterns: the case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea). Geodiversitas, 32, 417 - 477. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2010 n 3 a 4" type="journal article" year="2010">
Caze
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFC44F5751729FAFA" box="[973,1031,1358,1384]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
); Blaye, Gironde (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648741FFEBFAA9F57413FAFA1E" author="Caze, B. &amp; Merle, D. &amp; Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P." pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="417 - 477" refId="ref33015" refString="Caze, B., Merle, D., Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P. (2010) First systematic study using the variability of the residual colour patterns: the case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea). Geodiversitas, 32, 417 - 477. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2010 n 3 a 4" type="journal article" year="2010">
Caze
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFAEBF57516B3FAFA" box="[1378,1437,1358,1384]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
). Ypresian—
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFEEDF54812B9FA1E" box="[356,407,1394,1420]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<collectingCountry id="F32576058741FFEBFEEDF54812B9FA1E" box="[356,407,1394,1420]" name="Italy" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Italy</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
northern regions (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648741FFEBFDECF54811F1FA1E" author="Jung, P." box="[613,735,1394,1420]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
); San Giovanni Ilarione (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648741FFEBFC70F54817EAFA1E" author="de Gregorio, A." box="[1017,1220,1394,1420]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" refId="ref34236" refString="de Gregorio, A. (1880) Fauna di S. Giovanni Ilarione (Parisiano). Part 1. Cefalopodi e Gasteropodi. Montaina, Palermo, 106 pp." type="book" year="1880">de Gregorio 1880</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328651E8741FFEBFF4EF5AC1742FA46" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8D36958741FFEBFF4EF5AC1742FA46" blockId="27.[151,1437,1105,1492]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFF4EF5AC1215FA22" bold="true" box="[199,315,1430,1456]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species is recognisable for its long slender shape, which is in contrast to other members of the European
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168741FFEBFE80F58012B6FA46" authorityName="Jung" authorityYear="1974" box="[265,408,1466,1492]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Paraseraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFE80F58012B6FA46" box="[265,408,1466,1492]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Paraseraphs</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. While similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168741FFEBFDEAF5811020FA46" box="[611,782,1467,1492]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Paraseraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cantamessae">
<emphasis id="B946EA878741FFEBFDEAF5811020FA46" box="[611,782,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">P. cantamessae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it differs in geological setting.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>