327 lines
37 KiB
XML
327 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="3FE892D362918070182517D4D5D870FF" ID-CLB-Dataset="45772" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.279426" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a38a17de-34b0-47b8-893f-1488915b8b04" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="279426" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460420156292" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Baldwin, Carole C., Brito, Balam J., Smith, David G., Weigt, Lee A. & Escobar-Briones, Elva" docDate="2011" docId="DA2C87A6FFA8FFBAFF6993E7467EF89E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03133p036.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3133" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Apogon townsendi Breder" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="2615FFDEFFA7FFAAFFFE93704237FFFC" masterDocTitle="Identification of early life-history stages of Caribbean Apogon (Perciformes: Apogonidae) through DNA Barcoding" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1698329647009" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2301BEF9F80AFCDD058C817F15045CC2">
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<mods:title id="6857BB9A8DD9925D952897B6D61496F2">Identification of early life-history stages of Caribbean Apogon (Perciformes: Apogonidae) through DNA Barcoding</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AD134C61D40F27353B5D3894225E4D0C">Baldwin, Carole C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="FE930E3EB74E3667DC4FA6B124A771B2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="04DF1A907048E92A4F5F548DA3D37C7E">Brito, Balam J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9DFEFE95F3CC079D8A18CB00B9FA43C9">Smith, David G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E4805DEFC695CCE519F2980988E5848B">Weigt, Lee A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="681CE504F1B5096ECC571976C0399EBC">Escobar-Briones, Elva</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="B1B57256B2B2ABBA9CF24B9C1854A650">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="DA2C87A6FFA8FFBAFF6993E7467EF89E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5659157" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119426667" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5659157" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA2C87A6FFA8FFBAFF6993E7467EF89E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA2C87A6FFA8FFBAFF6993E7467EF89E" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection id="1A9F653BFFA8FFBAFF6993E7467EF89E" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="523A36B0FFA8FFA5FF6993E743DEFF4D" blockId="15.[151,489,151,177]" box="[151,489,151,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="097281DCFFA8FFA5FF6993E743DEFF4D" bold="true" box="[151,489,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFA8FFA5FF6993E743DEFF4D" ID-CoL="FSMN" authority="Breder" authorityName="Breder" box="[151,489,151,177]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="townsendi">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA8FFA5FF6993E743DEFF4D" bold="true" box="[151,489,151,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA8FFA5FF6993E74340FF4D" bold="true" box="[151,375,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Apogon townsendi</emphasis>
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(Breder)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="523A36B0FFA8FFA5FF6993AD47A0FE79" blockId="15.[151,1436,221,389]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA8FFA5FF6993AD4377FF0A" bold="true" box="[151,320,221,246]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Identification.</emphasis>
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Twelve adult specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFA8FFA5FD8293AD4139FF09" box="[636,782,221,245]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="townsendi">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA8FFA5FD8293AD4139FF09" box="[636,782,221,245]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. townsendi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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provided the basis for genetic identification of larvae and juveniles (Appendix 1, one adult is shown in
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<figureCitation id="CABE2A35FFA8FFA5FD6C927140D3FEE5" box="[658,740,257,281]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1003,1026]" captionTargetBox="[207,1376,446,962]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,408,981]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 15. Apogon townsendi, adult, 34.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 7833, photograph by C. Baldwin and L. Weigt." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279440/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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). Adult
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFA8FFA5FCBB927141E1FEE5" box="[837,982,257,281]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="townsendi">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA8FFA5FCBB927141E1FEE5" box="[837,982,257,281]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. townsendi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from other
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFA8FFA5FABB927147ABFEE5" box="[1349,1436,257,281]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA8FFA5FABB927147ABFEE5" box="[1349,1436,257,281]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Apogon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the combination of eight segmented anal-fin rays, body and lateral-line scales of similar size, the anterior body bar narrow and entirely beneath the second dorsal fin, the posterior body bar with black lateral margins, 12 circumcaudal-peduncle scales, and 17 gill rakers on the lower limb of first gill arch (
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<bibRefCitation id="36144B41FFA8FFA5FC05921D473CFE79" author="Bohlke" box="[1019,1291,365,389]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Bohlke, J. E. & Chaplin, C. C. G. (1993) Fishes of the Bahamas and Adjacent Tropical Waters. Second Edition. University of Texas Press, Austin, 771 pp." type="book" year="1993">Böhlke & Chaplin 1993</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="36144B41FFA8FFA5FAE9921D47BCFE79" author="Gon" box="[1303,1419,365,389]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Gon, O. (2002) Apogonidae. In: Carpenter, K. (Ed.) The living marine resources of the Western Central North Atlantic. Vol. 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes and American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 5, Rome, pp. 1386 - 1391." type="book chapter" year="2002">Gon 2002</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="06FA6638FFA8FFA5FF69909B472DFBFD" box="[151,1306,1003,1026]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279440/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[207,1376,446,962]" targetPageId="15">
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<paragraph id="523A36B0FFA8FFA5FF69909B472DFBFD" blockId="15.[151,1306,1003,1026]" box="[151,1306,1003,1026]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA8FFA5FF69909B4328FBFC" bold="true" box="[151,287,1003,1026]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA8FFA5FEDB909C43DFFBFD" box="[293,488,1003,1025]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFA8FFA5FEDB909C43D4FBFD" box="[293,483,1003,1025]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="townsendi">Apogon townsendi</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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adult, 34.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 7833, photograph by C. Baldwin and L. Weigt.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="523A36B0FFA8FFA5FF39975D41C0FA76" blockId="15.[151,1436,1069,1418]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA8FFA5FF39975D4302FBBA" bold="true" box="[199,309,1069,1094]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Juveniles</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA8FFA5FEB9975D439DFBB9" bold="true" box="[327,426,1069,1094]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<figureCitation id="CABE2A35FFA8FFA5FEB9975D43ADFBBA" box="[327,410,1069,1094]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1984,2007]" captionTargetBox="[177,1384,1531,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,1471,1963]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 16. Apogon townsendi, juvenile, 13.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 4542, photograph by L. Weigt." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279441/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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Thirteen juveniles of
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFA8FFA5FD58975E410EFBBA" box="[678,825,1070,1094]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="townsendi">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA8FFA5FD58975E410EFBBA" box="[678,825,1070,1094]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. townsendi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(12.0 to 21.0 mm SL) were identified in our material (Appendix 1). The body is pale orange with more intense orange and some yellow coloration on the head. There is a line of distinctive orange pigment extending along the ventral portion of the body from the base of the pelvic fin posteriorly to the base of the caudal fin. Orange chromatophores are mixed with melanophores in the bar of pigment beneath the second dorsal fin and in the blotch of pigment on the caudal peduncle. The fins are mostly clear, but there are usually a few chromatophores at the bases of the anterior rays of the first dorsal fin and on the bases of the pelvic and anal fins. There are two roughly vertical lines of orange at the base of the caudal fin, one on the upper lobe and one on the lower. There are melanophores on top of the head and internally above the swimbladder and gut. Both body bars typical of adults are present, but the peduncular bar lacks the diagnostic dark lateral margins. The juveniles have 16–18 gill rakers on the lower limb of first gill arch.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="06FA6638FFA8FFA5FF6994B046A2F82A" box="[151,1173,1984,2007]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279441/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[177,1384,1531,1916]" targetPageId="15">
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<paragraph id="523A36B0FFA8FFA5FF6994B046A2F82A" blockId="15.[151,1173,1984,2007]" box="[151,1173,1984,2007]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA8FFA5FF6994B04328F829" bold="true" box="[151,287,1984,2007]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA8FFA5FEDB94B143DFF82A" box="[293,488,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFA8FFA5FEDB94B143D4F82A" box="[293,483,1984,2006]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="townsendi">Apogon townsendi</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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juvenile, 13.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 4542, photograph by L. Weigt.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="523A36B0FFB7FFBAFF3993E74103FDA3" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFF3993E74075FF4C" bold="true" box="[199,578,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Comparisons Among Juveniles.</emphasis>
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The absence of dark lateral margins on the dark bar on the caudal peduncle in juvenile
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFEEB93CC4391FF28" box="[277,422,188,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="townsendi">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFEEB93CC4391FF28" box="[277,422,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. townsendi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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could result in confusing this species with juveniles of
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFBEB93CC471DFF28" box="[1045,1322,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFBEB93CC4698FF28" box="[1045,1199,188,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pillionatus">A. pillionatus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFB4493CC471DFF28" box="[1210,1322,188,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phenax">A. phenax</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, and, presumably,
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFEFC93904347FF04" box="[258,368,224,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsi">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFEFC93904347FF04" box="[258,368,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. robinsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFE599390400EFF04" box="[423,569,224,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planifrons">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFE599390400EFF04" box="[423,569,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. planifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(juveniles of the last two species not present in our material). It can be separated from juvenile
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFE8592744023FEE0" box="[379,532,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pillionatus">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFE8592744023FEE0" box="[379,532,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. pillionatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFDB1927440F6FEE0" box="[591,705,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phenax">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFDB1927440F6FEE0" box="[591,705,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. phenax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having at least some yellow coloration on the head (vs. pale orange in
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFEF9925843A8FEBC" box="[263,415,296,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pillionatus">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFEF9925843A8FEBC" box="[263,415,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. pillionatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFE2B92584071FEBC" box="[469,582,296,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phenax">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFE2B92584071FEBC" box="[469,582,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. phenax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It can also be separated from those species, and presumably
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFAFA92584746FEBC" box="[1284,1393,296,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFAFA92584746FEBC" box="[1284,1393,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. robinsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by having the anterior bar entirely beneath the second dorsal fin (vs. behind the second-dorsal fin in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFB28923C475AFE98" box="[1238,1389,332,356]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pillionatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFB28923C475AFE98" box="[1238,1389,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. pillionatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFF6992004332FE74" box="[151,261,368,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFF6992004332FE74" box="[151,261,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. robinsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; beneath and just behind the second-dorsal fin in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFCC49200419CFE74" box="[826,939,368,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phenax">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFCC49200419CFE74" box="[826,939,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. phenax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Additionally, there are no teeth on the lateral surface of the premaxilla in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFDF792E440ACFE50" box="[521,667,404,428]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="townsendi">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFDF792E440ACFE50" box="[521,667,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. townsendi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as there are in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFCB492E4418FFE50" box="[842,952,404,428]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFCB492E4418FFE50" box="[842,952,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. robinsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It seems likely that juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFAF492E447ABFE50" box="[1290,1436,404,428]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFAF492E447ABFE50" box="[1290,1436,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. planifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
will exhibit some yellow coloration on the head and may be difficult to distinguish from juvenile
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFAFC92C847AAFE2C" box="[1282,1437,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFAFC92C847AFFE2C" box="[1282,1432,440,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="townsendi">A. townsendi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Both species have the anterior dorsal bar entirely beneath the second dorsal fin. In the absence of the diagnostic dark lateral margins on the peduncular bar in juvenile
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFCFC917041ACFDE4" box="[770,923,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFCFC917041A0FDE4" box="[770,919,512,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="townsendi">A. townsendi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
gill rakers are the best way to separate juveniles of the two species: there are usually 17 (16–18) lower-limb rakers in
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFC2291544643FDC0" box="[988,1140,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFC2291544658FDC0" box="[988,1135,548,572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="townsendi">A. townsendi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and usually 15 (14–16) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFF699138431FFD9C" box="[151,296,584,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFF699138431FFD9C" box="[151,296,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. planifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="36144B41FFB7FFBAFEC991374070FDA3" author="Bohlke" box="[311,583,583,607]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Bohlke, J. E. & Chaplin, C. C. G. (1993) Fishes of the Bahamas and Adjacent Tropical Waters. Second Edition. University of Texas Press, Austin, 771 pp." type="book" year="1993">Böhlke & Chaplin 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="36144B41FFB7FFBAFDAD913740F2FDA3" author="Gon" box="[595,709,583,607]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Gon, O. (2002) Apogonidae. In: Carpenter, K. (Ed.) The living marine resources of the Western Central North Atlantic. Vol. 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes and American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 5, Rome, pp. 1386 - 1391." type="book chapter" year="2002">Gon 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="1F07030BFFB7FFBAFD2F91374111FDA3" box="[721,806,583,607]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,787,811]" captionTargetBox="[165,1372,912,1763]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Typical values and upper and lower extremes of numbers of gill rakers on the lower limb of the first arch in western Atlantic Apogon species. Data are from Böhlke and Chaplin 1968, Böhlke and Randall 1968, Dale 1977, Smith- Vaniz 1977, Randall and Böhlke 1981, Gilbert and Tyler 1997, and Gon, 2002." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/06FA6638FFA2FFAFFF69906341E8FC92" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="06FA6638FFA2FFAFFF69906341E8FC92">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="523A36B0FFB7FFBAFF39911C46CFFC58" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFF39911C43A5FD7F" bold="true" box="[199,402,619,644]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Larvae
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFEDB911B4319FD78" bold="true" box="[293,302,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">(</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="CABE2A35FFB7FFBAFED1911B43B4FD78" box="[303,387,619,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1475,1498]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,985,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,985,1454]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 17. Apogon townsendi, larva, 11.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 6329, photograph by J. Mounts and C. Baldwin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279442/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFDFD911C40E2FD78" box="[515,725,620,644]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="townsendi">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFDFD911C40E2FD78" box="[515,725,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Apogon townsendi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae genetically analyzed in this study are 11.0 mm SL. In both specimens much of the snout is transparent, but the anterior portion of the snout and the jaws are pale orange. The rest of the head is darker orange, and there appear to be some yellow chromatophores mixed in. Posterior to the head there are extensive pales areas on the body, an orange bar beneath the posterior end of the second dorsal fin, and a darker orange blotch on the posterior end of the caudal peduncle. There is a line of orange pigment on the ventral portion of the body from the base of the pelvic fin to the base of the caudal fin. The fins are mostly clear, but there are a few orange chromatophores on the bases of the pelvic and anal fins. There are two roughly vertical lines of orange on the caudal-fin base, one on the upper lobe and one on the lower. There are melanophores on top of the head and internally over the swimbladder and gut. The caudal peduncle length is 34–35% SL.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="06FA6638FFB7FFBAFF6996B34712FA25" box="[151,1317,1475,1498]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279442/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[151,1436,985,1453]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="523A36B0FFB7FFBAFF6996B34712FA25" blockId="16.[151,1317,1475,1498]" box="[151,1317,1475,1498]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFF6996B34328FA25" bold="true" box="[151,287,1475,1498]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFEDB96B443DFFA26" box="[293,488,1476,1498]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFEDB96B443D4FA26" box="[293,483,1476,1498]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="townsendi">Apogon townsendi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
larva, 11.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 6329, photograph by J. Mounts and C. Baldwin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="523A36B0FFB7FFBAFF399576467EF89E" blockId="16.[151,1436,1542,1890]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFF399576401FF9E3" bold="true" box="[199,552,1542,1567]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Comparisons Among Larvae.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFDD1957640C8F9E2" box="[559,767,1542,1566]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="townsendi">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFDD1957640C8F9E2" box="[559,767,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Apogon townsendi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae are similar to those of
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFBB0957642D8F9BE" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFBB0957646D5F9E2" box="[1102,1250,1542,1566]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planifrons">A. planifrons</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFB109576474FF9E2" box="[1262,1400,1542,1566]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binotatus">A. binotatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFA7A957642DCF9BE" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phenax">A. phenax</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFEDA955A434CF9BE" box="[292,379,1578,1602]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFEDA955A434CF9BE" box="[292,379,1578,1602]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Apogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<quantity id="957D9B55FFB7FFBAFE56955A43E5F9BE" box="[424,466,1578,1602]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
the pattern of chromatophores on the body. They are most easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFA7A955A433EF99A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFA7A955A433EF99A" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. planifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having primarily orange vs. yellow chromatophores on the head. Larval
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFBA3953E46D9F99A" box="[1117,1262,1614,1638]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="townsendi">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFBA3953E46D9F99A" box="[1117,1262,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. townsendi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFA7A953E42DFF976" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phenax">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFA7A953E42DFF976" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. phenax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking a prominent orange spot on the snout. From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFCA1950241D0F976" box="[863,999,1650,1674]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binotatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFCA1950241D0F976" box="[863,999,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. binotatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFBE195024641F976" box="[1055,1142,1650,1674]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFBE195024641F976" box="[1055,1142,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Apogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1, larval
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFAF4950247ABF976" box="[1290,1436,1650,1674]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="townsendi">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFAF4950247ABF976" box="[1290,1436,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. townsendi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may differ in having more prominent orange pigment on the caudal-fin base—in two roughly vertical lines, but there is considerable variation in pigment in this region among larval
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFC5295CA4634F92E" box="[940,1027,1722,1746]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFC5295CA4634F92E" box="[940,1027,1722,1746]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Apogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFBA895CA46DEF92E" box="[1110,1257,1722,1746]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFBA895CA46DEF92E" box="[1110,1257,1722,1746]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFADF95CA42EEF90B" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFADF95CA42E2F90B" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurolineatus">A. aurolineatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
larval
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFED995AE438FF90A" box="[295,440,1758,1782]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="townsendi">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFED995AE438FF90A" box="[295,440,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. townsendi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in lacking orange or yellow pigment on the first dorsal fin and in having a longer caudal peduncle (peduncle length 34–35% SL in
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFD3D9472416CF8E6" box="[707,859,1794,1818]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFD3D94724160F8E6" box="[707,855,1794,1818]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="townsendi">A. townsendi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
30% in
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFC4594724662F8E6" box="[955,1109,1794,1818]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFC4594724666F8E6" box="[955,1105,1794,1818]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">A. maculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
27–29% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFB21947247BCF8E6" box="[1247,1419,1794,1818]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurolineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFB21947247BCF8E6" box="[1247,1419,1794,1818]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. aurolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Caudal-peduncle length also is useful in separating preserved specimens of those species, and preserved larval
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFA7A9456433EF89E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="townsendi">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFA7A9456433EF89E" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. townsendi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also have more melanophores on the top of the head than
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB7FFBAFC6B943A467EF89E" box="[917,1097,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB7FFBAFC6B943A4673F89E" box="[917,1092,1866,1890]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurolineatus">A. aurolineatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |