727 lines
95 KiB
XML
727 lines
95 KiB
XML
<document id="4DBB899547B159A238221544B51B5C23" ID-CLB-Dataset="26307" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4625.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="24213782-d4ec-4a95-9ca4-be0a424b06f9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3268175" ID-ZooBank="D08DD464-F1AD-4253-888C-65A2A293F517" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1562214958850" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Williams, Paul H., Berezin, Mikhail V., Cannings, Sydney G., Cederberg, Björn, Ødegaard, Frode, Rasmussen, Claus, Richardson, Leif L., Rykken, Jessica, Sheffield, Cory S., Thanoosing, Chawatat & Byvaltsev, Alexandr M." docDate="2019" docId="AC4D691FFF8F5E2EFF685EF471A3FDE0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4625.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4625 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Bombus hyperboreus Schonherr" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="50741167FFA45E00FFFF5E6D753EFF83" masterDocTitle="The arctic and alpine bumblebees of the subgenus Alpinobombus revised from integrative assessment of species’ gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1698738039427" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="4FA6F7B6539DC2FBCBDB4C3AE645B991" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="9AC5F7B55EBA4DE0AB876A69F34999DB">
|
||
<mods:title id="09BEE02BD108BF1A7C8EA1BE93275EE3">The arctic and alpine bumblebees of the subgenus Alpinobombus revised from integrative assessment of species’ gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="B256BAC4164A94DB0359C0C5878BE021" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="45C14B6746FFE116C36522A9072FF240">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="08FB97977AB4BCA75E0B050C708A53D5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5057CAEBDBE6BFF1E3CDCCC266A044FF">Williams, Paul H.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="E4A34FB8A2E611DE3B2520A91B0F37FE" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="5B9AF55892850A8B5726A82411B4F920">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="387E07AD6E7C1AF03786A8FF1B846483">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="9D0F4DC028C4A75592BAB6B19F67408D">Berezin, Mikhail V.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="6E4BFF9E306AC6769A59234F89481C28" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="138EE5DB617F638480EBE8A860932012">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="621CFF589337158947BE4E4518DA9AD1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="DA1D3C26A6651ACAE296A7652865AF24">Cannings, Sydney G.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="158E16BF43CB4B23EE24222051D4F500" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="2CC416DC2EFD80960DACC73F57250D65">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="DF72939E2FD4E9748358788A7DBC21A6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="84535CE019A8F3D5BDF9F18B644C06F0">Cederberg, Björn</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="1CEF4DDD64C1065166508D0B2CAA4728" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="6E172D8123CD0635ED22D7C764F9A067">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="A912AB16DC47BF93BA9CC7246CBEA4B5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="048EB821EE089FF3E6DAC0E24BB003C5">Ødegaard, Frode</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="9FDAFA98C386D888D2957F0D1170B0D6" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="2E0094CEF975E9250E4641B1DE7186F5">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="31AE0AC209BDC95EBD41AE16A7B1464B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="061C9EA9CB12618C099A317FA023C52E">Rasmussen, Claus</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="8C5118CF438FC99C4CDFBBB0F3DBF825" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="177D9147E22ACFEC48E42BC52A550410">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1E427BF72FDF9E942B39D8121680E627">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="4A29E9E86EE2F1E21D10300BB44E5D85">Richardson, Leif L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="B996AD026B4336E3D098958CB502AA6A" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="AC01CD93F5CD1544D41E30E2C475676C">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="5B408B391F055BEC727AB177C3083947">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="7827F5214D9C04048F8EA30B490B51FF">Rykken, Jessica</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="9BD4FFB5B8BA02623EF23DCCC9BECC82" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="0259E01BA3E2EB8FC9FB5DC0953CB605">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="0EB66022F77102C979C59C5BC9F332BD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="6B3BCF8C75E628C0C0F05D1EFF808BC2">Sheffield, Cory S.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="14C731D1DB7243055032FCAD16021C29" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="429949AEAA8F214637EE37B51E5003AF">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="E77C2E41458E99E978744D85C0933D80">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="7CA027793A60939849A3583FE03539F4">Thanoosing, Chawatat</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="E16CAA04530CF5CBF1F9D3037D326245" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="5F036D22128F066C3C604C74FC25FDA7">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="495ABF00C3238F1A7B44D2730FB7C73F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="4B1A6E6F202340AE8EB1BA09773524D0">Byvaltsev, Alexandr M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="24A4DB27F3072FFC928F04B8A781563F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="89F3FFF8B034F300B13CCACE3C9F262A" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="D63694803D92D9EA1619C05EC38B9C2E">
|
||
<mods:title id="7F5AB64E9235FBBA22C820F60521F1B5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="8EE3E39ECB775259D92C0C517C4B9252">
|
||
<mods:date id="E8CB73FCA958EE70E379A47A0AA74100">2019</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="D43C257E21105F5CC2D10C36506F93E1" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="0D69C776DA06C7FD7447BAA64550D83C">2019-07-03</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="A2D785BBF6BFBD514B43776BD16A18DA" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="03D8D9E88061F80BD7A1B8CE2EC57113">4625</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="F108B23828DF16946D080BA9CCD30F17" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="7314EFE5DCEB292E4848A31B48E34845">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="9714F91ECC4E862E5ECB2C45CF98EAAD" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="733FBD04243270719B5E888AE4BB8701">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="E1D0324AB4886E90AAE21F22200DC68D">68</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="73550B571E98CD7482A80D00E6E4010C">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="54BD1517F857AD4B798A983A8BC12E66" type="CLB-Dataset">26307</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="48E877CC852B24072403F293862100A8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4625.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="608FDB92421774D522D884D0A6376AD1" type="GBIF-Dataset">24213782-d4ec-4a95-9ca4-be0a424b06f9</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="CEBC446E8896184EBB12B2E7415E193C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="132E540BF88D55455D5E4748556368BC" type="Zenodo-Dep">3268175</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B766818E2F1F76673A1679BA89FC39C2" type="ZooBank">D08DD464-F1AD-4253-888C-65A2A293F517</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="AC4D691FFF8F5E2EFF685EF471A3FDE0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158512424" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC4D691FFF8F5E2EFF685EF471A3FDE0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC4D691FFF8F5E2EFF685EF471A3FDE0" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF8F5E2BFF685EF4777EFF30" box="[151,576,153,180]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8F5E2BFF685EF4777EFF30" blockId="43.[151,576,153,216]" box="[151,576,153,180]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<heading id="7F136F65FF8F5E2BFF685EF4777EFF30" bold="true" box="[151,576,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFF685EF4777EFF30" bold="true" box="[151,576,153,180]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
9.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFF4A5EF4777EFF30" ID-CoL="MFL6" authority="Schonherr" authorityName="Schonherr" box="[181,576,153,180]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFF4A5EF4748BFF37" bold="true" box="[181,437,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bombus hyperboreus</emphasis>
|
||
Schönherr
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF8F5E2BFF685ED074A0FF5B" box="[151,414,189,216]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8F5E2BFF685ED074A0FF5B" blockId="43.[151,576,153,216]" box="[151,414,189,216]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8F5E2BFF5E5ED075D1FF54" box="[161,239,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURES 1‒6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1894,1919]" captionTargetBox="[223,1370,166,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[213,1375,166,1875]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1‒6. Lateral views of foraging females (queens) of species of the subgenus Alpinobombus (with photo credits): 1, B. alpinus, Norway (A. Staverløkk); 2, B. pyrrhopygus, Sweden (G. Holmström); 3, B. polaris, Canada (B. Heinrich); 4, B. balteatus, Sweden (G. Holmström); 5, B. kirbiellus, USA (D. Wilson); 6, B. hyperboreus, Sweden (L.-I. Larsson). Some images reversed." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268177/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8F5E2BFF045ED0745EFF54" box="[251,352,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURES 124‒128" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1637,1662]" captionTargetBox="[323,1274,187,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[267,1321,181,1618]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 124‒128. 124: Bombus hyperboreus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 125‒128 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒ 21): 125 (#39) Russia-Chukotka (Wrangel Island); 126 (#33) Russia-Magadan; 127 (#1258) Russia-Murmansk; 128 (#533) Russia-Sakha." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268211/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">124‒128</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8F5E2BFE945ED074ABFF54" box="[363,405,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURES 129‒137" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1802,1827]" captionTargetBox="[171,1400,212,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 129‒137. Morphology of the male genitalia for species of the subgenus Alpinobombus from the dorsal aspect, anterior to the left of the image, posterior to the right: 129 B. alpinus (#3824); 130 B pyrrhopygus (#3833); 131 B. polaris (#73); 132 B. balteatus (#3843); 133 B. kirbiellus (#3768); 134 B. neoboreus (#4387); 135 B. kluanensis (#4876); 136 B. natvigi (#81); 137 B. hyperboreus (#3821)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268213/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">137</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF8F5E2BFF685F6F704EFE72" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8F5E2BFF685F6F744EFEF6" blockId="43.[151,1437,257,497]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFF685F6F7709FE99" ID-CoL="YNV" authority="Arctica Quensel in Acerbi 1802: 253" authorityName="Arctica Quensel in Acerbi" authorityPageNumber="253" authorityYear="1802" box="[151,567,257,282]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFF685F6F742DFE9A" box="[151,275,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Apis Arctica</emphasis>
|
||
Quensel in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFE755F6C7709FE99" author="Acerbi" box="[394,567,257,282]" firstAuthor="Acerbi" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref40160" refString="Acerbi, J. (1802) Travels through Sweden, Finland and Lapland, to the North Cape, in the years 1798 and 1799. Vol. 2. Mawman, London, 376 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 157840" type="book" year="1802">Acerbi 1802:253</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, type-locality citation ‘Lapland’.
|
||
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF8F5E2BFC785F6C76DBFE99" box="[903,997,257,282]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
queen (#5015) by monotypy, NHRS examined PW, ‘
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF8F5E2BFED25F4D749DFEBB" box="[301,419,288,312]" name="Finland" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">FINLAND</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Lapplands’ (Lapland, Finland). Notes 1, 2. Synonymised (with question mark) with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFAFC5F4D7447FED4" ID-CoL="MFL6" authority="Schonherr" authorityName="Schonherr" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFAFC5F4D7435FED4" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bombus hyperboreus</emphasis>
|
||
Schönherr
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFE625F52778AFED4" author="von Dalla Torre" box="[413,692,318,343]" firstAuthor="von Dalla Torre" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref50818" refString="von Dalla Torre, K. W. (1896) Catalogus hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. X. Apidae (anthophila). G. Engelmann, Lipsiae, viii + 643 pp." type="book" year="1896">von Dalla Torre (1896:524)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; synonymised with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFC855F527182FED4" ID-CoL="MFL6" authority="Schonherr" authorityName="Schonherr" box="[890,1212,318,343]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFC855F527171FED4" box="[890,1103,319,343]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bombus hyperboreus</emphasis>
|
||
Schönherr
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFB1F5F5370A7FED4" author="Loken" box="[1248,1433,318,343]" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken (1973:114)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFF385F337454FEF5" bold="true" box="[199,362,349,374]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Nomen oblitum</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8F5E2BFF685F117714FE52" blockId="43.[151,1437,257,497]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFF685F117706FE16" ID-CoL="MFL6" authority="Schonherr 1809: 57" authorityName="Schonherr" authorityPageNumber="57" authorityYear="1809" box="[151,568,380,405]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFF685F117450FE17" box="[151,366,380,404]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bombus hyperboreus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFE8B5F117706FE16" author="Schonherr" box="[372,568,380,405]" firstAuthor="Schonherr" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="48 - 58" refId="ref49370" refString="Schonherr, C. J. (1809) Entomologiska anmarkningar och beskrifningar pa nagra for Svenska fauna nya insecter. Kungliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar, 30, 48 - 58." type="journal article" year="1809">Schönherr 1809:57</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, type-locality citation ‘Lapponia Tornenfi, circa Enontekis’.
|
||
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF8F5E2BFB5C5F11703FFE16" box="[1187,1281,380,405]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
queen (#4844) by monotypy, NHRS examined PW, ‘
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF8F5E2BFDB95FF67782FE30" box="[582,700,411,435]" name="Finland" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">FINLAND</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Lapplands’ (Lapland, Finland). Objective junior synonym, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFAB05FF77433FE51" author="Nilsson" firstAuthor="Nilsson" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="43 - 59" refId="ref47275" refString="Nilsson, L. A. (2009) The type material of Swedish bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) III. Entomologisk Tidsskrift, 130, 43 - 59." type="journal article" year="2009">Nilsson (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Note 2.
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFE975FD7771BFE52" bold="true" box="[360,549,442,465]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Nomen protectum</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8F5E2BFF685FB4704EFE72" blockId="43.[151,1437,257,497]" box="[151,1392,472,497]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
[<
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFF515FB57481FE73" ID-CoL="7J99W" authority="Skorikov 1937" authorityName="Skorikov" authorityYear="1937" box="[174,447,472,496]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFF515FB57481FE73" box="[174,447,472,496]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Alpinibombus hyperboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
> mod.
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFDF25FB57773FE73" box="[525,589,472,496]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">cilifer,</emphasis>
|
||
mod.
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFD725FB57628FE73" box="[653,790,472,496]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">latebalteatus,</emphasis>
|
||
ab.
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFCBE5FB576CBFE73" box="[833,1013,472,496]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">flavocorbiculosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFC035FB5718AFE72" author="Skorikov" box="[1020,1204,472,497]" firstAuthor="Skorikov" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="37 - 64" refId="ref49648" refString="Skorikov, A. S. (1937) Die gronlandischen Hummeln im Aspekte der Zirkumpolarfauna. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 20, 37 - 64." type="journal article" year="1937">Skorikov 1937:57</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, infrasubspecific.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF8F5E2BFF685C7277E9F8A6" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8F5E2BFF685C7277B0FDDD" blockId="43.[151,1437,542,2045]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Note 1 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFF055C4D746DFDBA" authorityName="Kirby in Sabine" authorityYear="1824" baseAuthorityName="Quensel" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[250,339,544,569]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFF055C4D746DFDBA" box="[250,339,544,569]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">arcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFE925C727705FDBA" author="Nilsson" box="[365,571,542,569]" firstAuthor="Nilsson" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="43 - 59" refId="ref47275" refString="Nilsson, L. A. (2009) The type material of Swedish bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) III. Entomologisk Tidsskrift, 130, 43 - 59." type="journal article" year="2009">Nilsson (2009:53)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the history of the single
|
||
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF8F5E2BFC235C727132FDBA" box="[988,1036,543,569]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFB535C7270A2FDBA" authority="Quensel" authorityName="Quensel" box="[1196,1436,543,569]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFB535C727008FDBA" box="[1196,1334,543,569]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Apis arctica</emphasis>
|
||
Quensel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(spelled Quenzel in the original publication).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8F5E2BFF385C0A77C3FA62" blockId="43.[151,1437,542,2045]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Note 2 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFED75C0A748DFD02" box="[296,435,615,641]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFED75C0A748DFD02" box="[296,435,615,641]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">hyperboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFE325C0A77A4FD02" author="Nilsson" box="[461,666,614,641]" firstAuthor="Nilsson" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="43 - 59" refId="ref47275" refString="Nilsson, L. A. (2009) The type material of Swedish bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) III. Entomologisk Tidsskrift, 130, 43 - 59." type="journal article" year="2009">Nilsson (2009:53)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gave an account of the redescription of the type specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFA955C0A7472FD26" authority="Quensel" authorityName="Quensel" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFA955C0A75DBFD26" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Apis arctica</emphasis>
|
||
Quensel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFE875CE677D9FD26" authority="Schonherr" authorityName="Schonherr" box="[376,743,651,677]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFE875CE67756FD26" box="[376,616,651,677]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bombus hyperboreus</emphasis>
|
||
Schönherr
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is therefore an objective junior synonym.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFAD35CE6743BFD49" author="Milliron's" firstAuthor="Milliron's" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="87 - 99" refId="ref46861" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1960) Recognition of bumblebee type specimens, with notes on some dubious names (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 55, 87 - 99." type="journal article" year="1960">Milliron’s (1960:93)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
designation of the single original specimen as
|
||
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF8F5E2BFCE75CC27641FD4A" box="[792,895,687,713]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is invalid as stated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFB7E5CC2707BFD4A" author="Loken" box="[1153,1349,687,713]" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken (1973:114</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; agreed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFF455CBE744BFD6E" author="Nilsson" box="[186,373,722,749]" firstAuthor="Nilsson" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="43 - 59" refId="ref47275" refString="Nilsson, L. A. (2009) The type material of Swedish bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) III. Entomologisk Tidsskrift, 130, 43 - 59." type="journal article" year="2009">Nilsson 2009:53</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), because in the original description the species was identified as having been based on a single specimen, which is therefore the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF8F5E2BFDF35C9A7750FC92" box="[524,622,759,785]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
by monotypy (#4844).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFC855C9A717AFC92" author="Loken" box="[890,1092,759,785]" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken (1973:114)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFB325C9575FEFCB5" authority="(Quensel)" authorityName="Kirby in Sabine" authorityYear="1824" baseAuthorityName="Quensel" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFB325C95707BFC92" box="[1229,1349,760,785]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. arcticus</emphasis>
|
||
(Quensel)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be a
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFEEB5D717485FCB6" box="[276,443,795,821]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">nomen oblitum</emphasis>
|
||
, so she continued to use the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFCC75D7171F0FCB6" authority="Schonherr. However" authorityName="Schonherr. However" box="[824,1230,795,821]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFCC75D7176DCFCB6" box="[824,994,795,821]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. hyperboreus</emphasis>
|
||
Schönherr. However
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFB265D71704AFCB6" box="[1241,1396,795,821]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">nomina oblita</emphasis>
|
||
are not supported for a publication of the date of Løken’s work (after
|
||
<date id="505AFEC9FF8F5E2BFC855D527118FCDA" box="[890,1062,831,857]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1973-01-01">1 January 1973</date>
|
||
) by the now current Code (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFAA65D52743CFCFE" author="ICZN" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref44699" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999:111</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although this status could be supported after
|
||
<date id="505AFEC9FF8F5E2BFCE75D0E76F9FCFE" box="[792,967,867,893]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2000-01-01">1 January 2000</date>
|
||
as recognised later by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFB2F5D0E70A2FCFE" author="Nilsson" box="[1232,1436,866,893]" firstAuthor="Nilsson" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="43 - 59" refId="ref47275" refString="Nilsson, L. A. (2009) The type material of Swedish bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) III. Entomologisk Tidsskrift, 130, 43 - 59." type="journal article" year="2009">Nilsson (2009:54)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
according to this Code (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFE5D5DEA7716FC22" author="ICZN" box="[418,552,903,929]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref44699" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: Article 23.9). There is strong support for the claim that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFB635DE575FAFC46" authority="Schonherr" authorityName="Schonherr" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFB635DE57078FC22" box="[1180,1350,903,929]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. hyperboreus</emphasis>
|
||
Schönherr
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the stable valid name because both criteria required by the current Code (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFBD35DC6718EFC46" author="ICZN" box="[1068,1200,939,965]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref44699" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are essentially met: first (Article 23.9.1.1), that the senior synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFD4E5DBD76A1FC69" authority="(Quensel)" authorityName="Kirby in Sabine" authorityYear="1824" baseAuthorityName="Quensel" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[689,927,975,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFD4E5DBD7617FC6A" box="[689,809,976,1001]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. arcticus</emphasis>
|
||
(Quensel)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been used as a valid name after 1899 (most uses of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFEC75D99748FFB8E" authorityName="Kirby in Sabine" authorityYear="1824" baseAuthorityName="Quensel" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[312,433,1012,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFEC75D99748FFB8E" box="[312,433,1012,1037]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. arcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for this species being instead misidentifications of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFC035D997181FB8E" authority="Kirby" authorityName="Kirby in Sabine" authorityYear="1824" baseAuthorityName="Quensel" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[1020,1215,1011,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFC035D997148FB8E" box="[1020,1142,1012,1037]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. arcticus</emphasis>
|
||
Kirby
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFAC25D9E743AFBB2" author="Franklin" firstAuthor="Franklin" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="177 - 486" refId="ref42739" refString="Franklin, H. J. (1913) The Bombidae of the New World. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 38, 177 - 486. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 122585" type="journal article" year="1913">Franklin 1913:302</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; which according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFE015A7A7783FBB2" author="Richards" box="[510,701,1047,1073]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref49035" refString="Richards, O. W. (1931) Some notes on the humble-bees allied to Bombus alpinus, L. TromsO Museums Arshefter, 50, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1931">Richards 1931:9</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, include
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFCD55A7A717EFBB2" author="Meade-Waldo" box="[810,1088,1047,1073]" firstAuthor="Meade-Waldo" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="448 - 470" refId="ref46510" refString="Meade-Waldo, G. (1916) Notes on the Apidae (Hymenoptera) in the collection of the Btitish Museum, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 8, 17, 448 - 470. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931608693811" type="journal article" year="1916">Meade-Waldo 1916:469</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFBB05A7A703BFBB2" author="Sladen" box="[1103,1285,1047,1073]" firstAuthor="Sladen" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1913 - 18" refId="ref49674" refString="Sladen, F. W. L. (1919) The wasps and bees collected by the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913 - 18. In: Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913 - 18. Vol. III. Insects. F. A. Acland, Printer to the King, Ottawa, pp. 25 G- 35 G." type="journal article" year="1919">Sladen 1919:28</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFAB75A7A7446FBD6" author="Lutz & Cockerell" firstAuthor="Lutz" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="491 - 641" refId="ref45934" refString="Lutz, F. E. & Cockerell, T. D. A. (1920) Notes on the distribution and bibliography of North American bees of the families Apidae, Meliponidae, Bombidae, Euglossidae, and Anthophoridae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 42, 491 - 641. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 17909" type="journal article" year="1920">Lutz & Cockerell 1920:507</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with the sole exception of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFD4E5A56769CFBD6" author="Michener" box="[689,930,1083,1109]" firstAuthor="Michener" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref46641" refString="Michener, C. D. (2000) The bees of the world. 1 st Edition. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, xiv + 913 pp." type="book" year="2000">Michener (2000:789)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; and second (Article 23.9.1.2), that the junior synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFEF95A0D7713FBFA" authority="Schonherr" authorityName="Schonherr" box="[262,557,1119,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFEF95A0D748FFBFA" box="[262,433,1119,1145]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. hyperboreus</emphasis>
|
||
Schönherr
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been used for this well known taxon as its presumed valid name in more than 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the preceding 50 years (since 1968: e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFB5E5AEE7076FB1E" author="Richards" box="[1185,1352,1155,1181]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="209 - 276" refId="ref49066" refString="Richards, O. W. (1968) The subgeneric divisions of the genus Bombus Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 22, 209 - 276. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 9953" type="journal article" year="1968">Richards 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFAAA5AEE75ECFB42" author="Loken" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFF1F5ACA74ACFB42" author="Sakagami" box="[224,402,1191,1217]" firstAuthor="Sakagami" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="390 - 447" refId="ref49257" refString="Sakagami, S. F. (1976) Specific differences in the bionomic characters of bumblebees. A comparative review. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, series Zoology, 20, 390 - 447." type="journal article" year="1976">Sakagami 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFE605ACA77DEFB42" author="Svensson & Lundberg" box="[415,736,1191,1217]" firstAuthor="Svensson" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref50293" refString="Svensson, B. G. & Lundberg, H. (1977) Distribution of bumble bee nests in a subalpine / alpine area in relation to altitude and habitat (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Zoon, 5, 63 - 72." type="journal article" year="1977">Svensson & Lundberg 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFD125ACA7691FB42" author="Pekkarinen" box="[749,943,1191,1217]" firstAuthor="Pekkarinen" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref47708" refString="Pekkarinen, A. (1979) Morphometric, colour and enzyme variation in bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus) in Fennoscandia and Denmark. Acta zoologica fennica, 158, 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1979">Pekkarinen 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFC435ACA71FEFB42" author="Pekkarinen" box="[956,1216,1191,1217]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pekkarinen" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="71 - 89" refId="ref47781" refString="Pekkarinen, A., Teras, I., Viramo, J. & Paatela, J. (1981) Distribution of bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae: Bombus and Psithyrus) in eastern Fennoscandia. Notulae entomologicae, 61, 71 - 89." type="journal article" year="1981">
|
||
Pekkarinen
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFBBC5AC57143FB42" box="[1091,1149,1191,1217]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1981
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFB325ACA7065FB42" author="Reinig" box="[1229,1371,1191,1217]" firstAuthor="Reinig" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="159 - 164" refId="ref48926" refString="Reinig, W. F. (1981) Synopsis der in Europa nachgewiesenen Hummel- und Schmarotzerhummelarten (Hymenoptera, Bombidae). Spixiana, 4, 159 - 164." type="journal article" year="1981">Reinig 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFA965ACA741EFB66" author="Rasmont" firstAuthor="Rasmont" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref48168" refString="Rasmont, P. (1983 a) Catalogue commente des bourdons de la region ouest-palearctique (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Apidae). Notes Fauniques de Gembloux, 7, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1983" yearSuffix="a">Rasmont 1983a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFED45AA674EDFB66" author="Williams" box="[299,467,1227,1253]" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref50857" refString="Williams, P. H. (1989) Bumble bees-and their decline in Britain. Central Association of Bee-Keepers, Ilford, 15 pp." type="book" year="1989">Williams 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFE215AA67727FB66" author="Williams" box="[478,537,1227,1253]" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref50883" refString="Williams, P. H. (1991) The bumble bees of the Kashmir Himalaya (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Series Entomology, 60, 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFDD95AA67678FB66" author="Pekkarinen & Teras" box="[550,838,1227,1253]" firstAuthor="Pekkarinen" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="187 - 208" refId="ref47745" refString="Pekkarinen, A. & Teras, I. (1993) Zoogeography of Bombus and Psithyrus in northwestern Europe (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Annales Zoologici Fennici, 30, 187 - 208." type="journal article" year="1993">Pekkarinen & Teräs 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFCAD5AA676C4FB66" author="Williams" box="[850,1018,1227,1253]" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="79 - 152" refId="ref50980" refString="Williams, P. H. (1998) An annotated checklist of bumble bees with an analysis of patterns of description (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of The Natural History Museum, series Entomology, 67, 79 - 152." type="journal article" year="1998">Williams 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFBF95AA670A6FB66" author="Koulianos & Schmid-Hempel" box="[1030,1432,1227,1253]" firstAuthor="Koulianos" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="335 - 341" refId="ref45249" refString="Koulianos, S. & Schmid-Hempel, P. (2000) Phylogenetic relationships among bumble bees (Bombus, Latreille) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 14, 335 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / mpev. 1999.0621" type="journal article" year="2000">Koulianos & Schmid-Hempel 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFF685A827401FA8A" author="Pedersen" box="[151,319,1263,1289]" firstAuthor="Pedersen" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="361 - 386" refId="ref47661" refString="Pedersen, B. V. (2002) European bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Bombini) - phylogenetic relationships inferred from DNA sequences. Insect Systematics & Evolution, 33, 361 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631202 X 00208" type="journal article" year="2002">Pedersen 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFEB55A8274D5FA8A" author="Goulson" box="[330,491,1263,1289]" firstAuthor="Goulson" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref43455" refString="Goulson, D. (2003) Bumblebees, their behaviour and ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, ix + 235 pp." type="book" year="2003">Goulson 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFE085A827784FA8A" author="Hines" box="[503,698,1263,1289]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hines" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="289 - 303" refId="ref44204" refString="Hines, H. M., Cameron, S. A. & Williams, P. H. (2006) Molecular phylogeny of the bumble bee subgenus Pyrobombus (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus) with insights into gene utility for lower-level analysis. Invertebrate Systematics, 20, 289 - 303. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 05028" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Hines
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFDC05A9D7749FA8A" box="[575,631,1263,1289]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFD3A5A827693FA8A" author="Cameron" box="[709,941,1263,1289]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cameron" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="161 - 188" refId="ref41250" refString="Cameron, S. A., Hines, H. M. & Williams, P. H. (2007) A comprehensive phylogeny of the bumble bees (Bombus). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 91, 161 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.2007.00784. x" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Cameron
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFCCC5A9D7655FA8A" box="[819,875,1263,1289]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFC475A827144FA8A" author="Holmstrom" box="[952,1146,1263,1289]" firstAuthor="Holmstrom" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref44490" refString="Holmstrom, G. (2007) Humlor alla Sveriges arter. Ostlings Bokforlag Symposium, Stockholm, 159 pp." type="book" year="2007">Holmström 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFB795A827005FA8A" author="Gjershaug" box="[1158,1339,1263,1289]" firstAuthor="Gjershaug" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="28 - 31" refId="ref43410" refString="Gjershaug, J. O. (2009) The social parasite bumblebee Bombus hyperboreus Schonherr, 1809 usurp nest of Bombus balteatus Dahlbom, 1832 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in Norway. Norwegian Journal of Entomology, 56, 28 - 31." type="journal article" year="2009">Gjershaug 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFAB85A8275ECFAAE" author="Nilsson" firstAuthor="Nilsson" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="43 - 59" refId="ref47275" refString="Nilsson, L. A. (2009) The type material of Swedish bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) III. Entomologisk Tidsskrift, 130, 43 - 59." type="journal article" year="2009">Nilsson 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFF215B7E7455FAAE" author="Ebmer" box="[222,363,1299,1325]" firstAuthor="Ebmer" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="5 - 83" refId="ref42341" refString="Ebmer, A. W. (2011) Holarktische Bienenarten-autochthon, eingefuhrt, eingeschleppt. Linzer biologische Beitrage, 43, 5 - 83." type="journal article" year="2011">Ebmer 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFE885B7E77FFFAAE" author="Mossberg & Cederberg" box="[375,705,1299,1325]" firstAuthor="Mossberg" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref47159" refString="Mossberg, B. & Cederberg, B. (2012) Humlor i Sverige. Bonnier Fakta, Stockholm, 191 pp." type="book" year="2012">Mossberg & Cederberg 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFD335B7E76D8FAAE" author="Rasmont & Iserbyt" box="[716,998,1299,1325]" firstAuthor="Rasmont" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref48476" refString="Rasmont, P. & Iserbyt, S. (2012) Atlas of the European bees: genus Bombus. 2 nd Edition. STEP Project, Atlas Hymenoptera. Mons, Gembloux. Available from: http: // www. atlashymenoptera. net / page. asp? id = 169 (accessed 3 June 2019)" type="url" year="2012">Rasmont & Iserbyt 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFC0E5B7E71CAFAAE" author="Cederberg" box="[1009,1268,1299,1325]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cederberg" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref41545" refString="Cederberg, B., Michez, D., Nieto, A., Radchencko, V., Rasmont, P. & Roberts, S. P. M. (2013 c) Bombus hyperboreus. The IUCN Red List of threatened species. Availabe from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / (sccessed 12 Feburary 2019)" type="url" year="2013" yearSuffix="c">
|
||
Cederberg
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFB925B797198FAAE" box="[1133,1190,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013c
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFAFF5B7E75EDFAD2" author="Potapov" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Potapov" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="79 - 85" refId="ref48077" refString="Potapov, G. S., Kolosova, Y. S. & Gofarov, M. Y. (2014) Zonal distribution of bumblebee species (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in the north of European Russia. Entomological Review, 94, 79 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873814010096" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Potapov
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFA9B5B7970A3FAAE" box="[1380,1437,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFF225B5B74F7FAD2" author="Odegaard" box="[221,457,1334,1361]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Odegaard" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref47306" refString="Odegaard, F., Staverlokk, A., Gjershaug, J. O., Bengtson, R. & Mjelde, A. (2015) Humler i Norge. Kjennetegn, utbredelse og levesett. Norsk Institutt for Naturforskning, Trondheim, 231 pp." type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Ødegaard
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFEAE5B5574B6FAD2" box="[337,392,1335,1361]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFE2A5B5A7787FAD2" author="Rasmont" box="[469,697,1334,1361]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rasmont" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref48312" refString="Rasmont, P., Franzen, M., Lecocq, T., Harpke, A., Roberts, S. P. M., Biesmeijer, J. C., Castro, L., Cederberg, B., Dvorak, L., Fitzpatrick, U., Gonseth, Y., Haubruge, E., Mahe, G., Manino, A., Michez, D., Neumayer, J., Odegaard, F., Paukkunen, J., Pawlikowski, T., Potts, S. G., Reemer, M., Settele, J., Straka, J. & Schweiger, O. (2015) Climatic risk and distribution atlas of European bumblebees. Biorisk 10. Special Issue. Pensoft, Sofia, 236 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / biorisk. 10.4749" type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Rasmont
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFDC05B557748FAD2" box="[575,630,1335,1361]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The use by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFCB45B5A7139FAD2" author="Michener" box="[843,1031,1335,1361]" firstAuthor="Michener" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref46641" refString="Michener, C. D. (2000) The bees of the world. 1 st Edition. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, xiv + 913 pp." type="book" year="2000">Michener (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFBD45B557026FAD1" authority="(Quensel)" authorityName="Kirby in Sabine" authorityYear="1824" baseAuthorityName="Quensel" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[1067,1304,1335,1362]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFBD45B55719DFAD2" box="[1067,1187,1336,1361]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. arcticus</emphasis>
|
||
(Quensel)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the valid name (contrary to the recommendations of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFD825B367609FAF6" author="Loken" box="[637,823,1371,1397]" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken 1973:114</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFC6E5B367156FAF6" author="Williams" box="[913,1128,1371,1397]" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="79 - 152" refId="ref50980" refString="Williams, P. H. (1998) An annotated checklist of bumble bees with an analysis of patterns of description (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of The Natural History Museum, series Entomology, 67, 79 - 152." type="journal article" year="1998">Williams 1998:119</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) can be construed as deliberately contrary to Article 23.9.1 because he wrote that the species is ‘usually known as’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFB8C5BED70A6FA1A" authority="Schonherr" authorityName="Schonherr" box="[1139,1432,1407,1433]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFB8C5BED7023FA1A" box="[1139,1309,1407,1433]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. hyperboreus</emphasis>
|
||
Schönherr
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, so that this instance of usage can be discounted (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFD4D5BCE7606FA3E" author="ICZN" box="[690,824,1443,1469]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref44699" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: Article 23.9.6). Therefore we consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFB0C5BCE7462FA62" authority="Schonherr" authorityName="Schonherr" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFB0C5BCE75DCFA62" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bombus hyperboreus</emphasis>
|
||
Schönherr
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be the valid name for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8F5E2BFF385B867437F93A" blockId="43.[151,1437,542,2045]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFF385B8674C8F986" bold="true" box="[199,502,1514,1541]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Taxonomy and variation.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFE005B8677D3F986" box="[511,749,1515,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFE005B8677D3F986" box="[511,749,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bombus hyperboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has long been considered to include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFB695B81703BF986" box="[1174,1285,1516,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFB695B81703BF986" box="[1174,1285,1516,1541]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. natvigi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but has been recognized as separate from evidence of a species coalescent in the COI gene (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFBE458627036F9AA" author="Williams" box="[1051,1288,1550,1577]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Williams
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFB74587D71FBF9AA" box="[1163,1221,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8F5E2BFAE958627064F9AA" box="[1302,1370,1551,1577]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1663,1688]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,563,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,561,1644]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Estimate of the metric gene tree for the 54 longest unique COI-barcode alleles of the subgenus Alpinobombus from MrBayes combined with the Bayesian Poisson-tree-process (PTP) solution with the highest support with spots showing the nodes with the strongest support as coalescents for candidate species (outgroup B. ignitus not shown). Values above the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities showing branch support for groups; values below the nodes are PTP Bayesian support values that all daughter alleles are parts of a single species (probabilities within candidate species are all ≤ 0.44). The scale bar is calibrated in substitutions per nucleotide site. Each unique allele is represented by one of the longest available sample sequences, labelled with: the sequence length in number of nucleotides, a taxon name or name describing an unpublished colour pattern, and then a code that consists of a specimen identifier (AL#n) from the project database and (after the hyphen) a sample identifier from BOLD or GenBank, followed with its geographic origin (for simplicity Greenland is included without Denmark)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268187/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). The support from bGMYC analysis for separation of
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFD3F585976EAF9CE" box="[704,980,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFD3F58597667F9CE" authorityName="Williams & Berezin & Cannings & Cederberg & Ødegaard & Rasmussen & Richardson & Rykken & Sheffield & Thanoosing & Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[704,857,1587,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">B. kluanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFC99585976EAF9CE" box="[870,980,1588,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">B. natvigi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFBEC58597180F9CE" box="[1043,1214,1587,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFBEC58597180F9CE" box="[1043,1214,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. hyperboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was not as high as for the other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFE5F583A777CF9F2" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1917" box="[416,578,1623,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFE5F583A777CF9F2" box="[416,578,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFDAE583A7605F9F2" author="Williams" box="[593,827,1622,1649]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Williams
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFD40583577C6F9F2" box="[703,760,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFC8558357131F9F2" authorityName="Williams & Berezin & Cannings & Cederberg & Ødegaard & Rasmussen & Richardson & Rykken & Sheffield & Thanoosing & Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[890,1039,1623,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFC8558357131F9F2" box="[890,1039,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. kluanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily distinguished by its social behaviour with abundant workers.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFDDE58167630F916" box="[545,782,1659,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFDDE58167630F916" box="[545,782,1659,1685]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bombus hyperboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is vicariant with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFC2A5811717DF916" box="[981,1091,1660,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFC2A5811717DF916" box="[981,1091,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. natvigi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
across the Bering Strait (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8F5E2BFA9B581675FCF93A" captionStart="FIGURES 116‒123" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[229,1385,174,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[161,1427,166,1914]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 116‒123. 116: Bombus natvigi global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 117‒123 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 117 (#3519) Canada-Nunavut; 118 (#184) Canada-Nunavut; 119 (#3551) Canada-Nunavut; 120 (#3546) Canada-Nunavut; 121 (#79) USA-Alaska; 122 (#3557) Canada-Northwest Territories; 123 (#82) Canada-Northwest Territories." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268209/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figs. 116</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8F5E2BFF3158F275C2F93A" box="[206,252,1695,1721]" captionStart="FIGURES 124‒128" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1637,1662]" captionTargetBox="[323,1274,187,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[267,1321,181,1618]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 124‒128. 124: Bombus hyperboreus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 125‒128 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒ 21): 125 (#39) Russia-Chukotka (Wrangel Island); 126 (#33) Russia-Magadan; 127 (#1258) Russia-Murmansk; 128 (#533) Russia-Sakha." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268211/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">124</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8F5E2BFF3858AE77E9F8A6" blockId="43.[151,1437,542,2045]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Variation in the colour pattern has been analysed previously (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFC9258AE716BF95E" author="Williams" box="[877,1109,1730,1757]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Williams
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFC2458A9712DF95E" box="[987,1043,1731,1757]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There is very little variation in this species and this is primarily in the hue of the pale bands, from pale yellow on Wrangel Island (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8F5E2BFAE9588A7048F882" box="[1302,1398,1766,1793]" captionStart="FIGURES 124‒128" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1637,1662]" captionTargetBox="[323,1274,187,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[267,1321,181,1618]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 124‒128. 124: Bombus hyperboreus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 125‒128 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒ 21): 125 (#39) Russia-Chukotka (Wrangel Island); 126 (#33) Russia-Magadan; 127 (#1258) Russia-Murmansk; 128 (#533) Russia-Sakha." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268211/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 125</figureCitation>
|
||
) to the more common chestnut brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8F5E2BFDDA596677F4F8A6" box="[549,714,1803,1829]" captionStart="FIGURES 124‒128" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1637,1662]" captionTargetBox="[323,1274,187,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[267,1321,181,1618]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 124‒128. 124: Bombus hyperboreus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 125‒128 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒ 21): 125 (#39) Russia-Chukotka (Wrangel Island); 126 (#33) Russia-Magadan; 127 (#1258) Russia-Murmansk; 128 (#533) Russia-Sakha." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268211/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figs. 126, 128</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF8F5E2BFF385943712FF87E" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8F5E2BFF38594376D7F8EE" blockId="43.[151,1437,542,2045]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFF385943748EF8CA" bold="true" box="[199,432,1838,1865]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="948CD254FF8F5E2BFE48594277EBF8EE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2273437256" collectionCode="AB, BP, MB, NHMUK, NHRS, PW, YPM, ZISP" country="Norway, Sweden" location="Norway, Sweden" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="163" specimenCount-female="70" specimenCount-male="92" specimenCount-worker="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF8F5E2BFE485942770FF8CA" box="[439,561,1839,1865]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="female">70 females</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF8F5E2BFDC7594277A5F8CA" box="[568,667,1839,1865]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="worker">1 worker</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF8F5E2BFD5D59427637F8CA" box="[674,777,1839,1865]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="male">92 males</specimenCount>
|
||
, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF8F5E2BFCAE5942712CF8CA" box="[849,1042,1839,1865]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Norway, Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF8F5E2BFBE159427148F8CA" box="[1054,1142,1839,1865]" name="Finland" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF8F5E2BFB4F594271C5F8CA" box="[1200,1275,1839,1865]" name="Russia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8F5E2BFAF559427052F8CA" box="[1290,1388,1839,1865]" captionStart="FIGURES 124‒128" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1637,1662]" captionTargetBox="[323,1274,187,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[267,1321,181,1618]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 124‒128. 124: Bombus hyperboreus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 125‒128 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒ 21): 125 (#39) Russia-Chukotka (Wrangel Island); 126 (#33) Russia-Magadan; 127 (#1258) Russia-Murmansk; 128 (#533) Russia-Sakha." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268211/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 124</figureCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8F5E2BFA8A594270A2F8CA" box="[1397,1436,1839,1865]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">AB</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8F5E2BFF68593E7586F8EE" box="[151,184,1875,1901]" country="Hungary" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13261" name="Hungarian Natural History Museum" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Herbarium">BP</collectionCode>
|
||
FO
|
||
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8F5E2BFF15593E7428F8EE" box="[234,278,1875,1901]" country="Portugal" name="Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Bocage" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">MB</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8F5E2BFEE2593E74B9F8EE" box="[285,391,1875,1901]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8F5E2BFE72593E74E6F8EE" box="[397,472,1875,1901]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rsbi-vwmq" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History, Entomology Collections" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">NHRS</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8F5E2BFE20593E7737F8EE" box="[479,521,1875,1901]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">PW</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8F5E2BFDF0593E7772F8EE" box="[527,588,1875,1901]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8F5E2BFDAD593E77AEF8EE" box="[594,656,1875,1901]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vmfx-g997" name="Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ZISP</collectionCode>
|
||
), with
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF8F5E2BFD23593E764AF8EE" box="[732,884,1875,1901]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="generic">16 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
barcoded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8F5E2BFF38591B712FF87E" blockId="43.[151,1437,542,2045]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFF38591B74CCF812" bold="true" box="[199,498,1910,1937]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Habitat and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Flower-rich arctic/alpine tundra in the Old World from the far north of Scandinavia, Taymyr, Novaya Zemlya and Wrangel Island, extending southwards into the subarctic region in the alpine zone of the Magadan and Scandinavian mountains. Regional distribution maps (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFC4359D27179F85A" author="Loken" box="[956,1095,1983,2009]" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFBAD59D271C6F85A" author="Richards" box="[1106,1272,1983,2009]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="115 - 157" refId="ref48995" refString="Richards, K. W. (1973) Biology of Bombus polaris Curtis and B. hyperboreus Schonherr at Lake Hazen, Northwest Territories (Hymenoptera: Bombini). Quaestiones entomologicae, 9, 115 - 157." type="journal article" year="1973">Richards 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFAFC59D275C8F87E" author="Pekkarinen" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pekkarinen" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="71 - 89" refId="ref47781" refString="Pekkarinen, A., Teras, I., Viramo, J. & Paatela, J. (1981) Distribution of bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae: Bombus and Psithyrus) in eastern Fennoscandia. Notulae entomologicae, 61, 71 - 89." type="journal article" year="1981">
|
||
Pekkarinen
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFA7759AD758AF87E" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1981
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFEFD598E7724F87E" author="Rasmont & Iserbyt" box="[258,538,2019,2045]" firstAuthor="Rasmont" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref48476" refString="Rasmont, P. & Iserbyt, S. (2012) Atlas of the European bees: genus Bombus. 2 nd Edition. STEP Project, Atlas Hymenoptera. Mons, Gembloux. Available from: http: // www. atlashymenoptera. net / page. asp? id = 169 (accessed 3 June 2019)" type="url" year="2012">Rasmont & Iserbyt 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFDDA598F762CF87E" author="Odegaard" box="[549,786,2018,2045]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Odegaard" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref47306" refString="Odegaard, F., Staverlokk, A., Gjershaug, J. O., Bengtson, R. & Mjelde, A. (2015) Humler i Norge. Kjennetegn, utbredelse og levesett. Norsk Institutt for Naturforskning, Trondheim, 231 pp." type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Ødegaard
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFD67598977EFF87E" box="[664,721,2019,2045]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFCE1598E713BF87E" author="Rasmont" box="[798,1029,2018,2045]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rasmont" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref48312" refString="Rasmont, P., Franzen, M., Lecocq, T., Harpke, A., Roberts, S. P. M., Biesmeijer, J. C., Castro, L., Cederberg, B., Dvorak, L., Fitzpatrick, U., Gonseth, Y., Haubruge, E., Mahe, G., Manino, A., Michez, D., Neumayer, J., Odegaard, F., Paukkunen, J., Pawlikowski, T., Potts, S. G., Reemer, M., Settele, J., Straka, J. & Schweiger, O. (2015) Climatic risk and distribution atlas of European bumblebees. Biorisk 10. Special Issue. Pensoft, Sofia, 236 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / biorisk. 10.4749" type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Rasmont
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFC76598976FFF87E" box="[905,961,2019,2045]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="709B8881FF885E2CFF6858087416F945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268211/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" startId="44.[151,264,1637,1662]" targetBox="[323,1274,187,1574]" targetPageId="44">
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF885E2CFF6858087416F945" blockId="44.[151,1437,1637,1734]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFF6858087456F9FD" bold="true" box="[151,360,1637,1662]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">FIGURES 124‒128</emphasis>
|
||
. 124:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF885E2CFE55580B77BFF9FD" box="[426,641,1638,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFE55580B77BFF9FD" box="[426,641,1638,1662]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Bombus hyperboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 125
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFBE6580B7118F9FD" bold="true" box="[1049,1062,1638,1662]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">‒</emphasis>
|
||
128 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFA6F580B70A3F9FD" bold="true" box="[1424,1437,1638,1662]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">‒</emphasis>
|
||
21): 125 (#39) Russia-Chukotka (Wrangel Island); 126 (#33) Russia-Magadan; 127 (#1258) Russia-Murmansk; 128 (#533) Russia-Sakha.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF885E2EFF38589871A3FDE0" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF885E2CFF3858987122F88C" blockId="44.[151,1436,1780,2023]" box="[199,1052,1780,1807]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFF3858987465F88C" bold="true" box="[199,347,1781,1807]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Food plants.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF885E2CFE965899772FF88C" author="Richards" box="[361,529,1780,1807]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref49035" refString="Richards, O. W. (1931) Some notes on the humble-bees allied to Bombus alpinus, L. TromsO Museums Arshefter, 50, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1931">Richards 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF885E2CFDE2589977FCF88C" author="Richards" box="[541,706,1780,1807]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="115 - 157" refId="ref48995" refString="Richards, K. W. (1973) Biology of Bombus polaris Curtis and B. hyperboreus Schonherr at Lake Hazen, Northwest Territories (Hymenoptera: Bombini). Quaestiones entomologicae, 9, 115 - 157." type="journal article" year="1973">Richards 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF885E2CFD315899712BF88C" author="Mossberg & Cederberg" box="[718,1045,1780,1807]" firstAuthor="Mossberg" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref47159" refString="Mossberg, B. & Cederberg, B. (2012) Humlor i Sverige. Bonnier Fakta, Stockholm, 191 pp." type="book" year="2012">Mossberg & Cederberg 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF885E2EFF3859757614FE08" blockId="44.[151,1436,1780,2023]" lastBlockId="46.[151,1437,153,611]" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFF3859757476F8B0" bold="true" box="[199,328,1816,1843]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Behaviour.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF885E2CFEB259757706F8B1" box="[333,568,1816,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFEB259757706F8B1" box="[333,568,1816,1842]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Bombus hyperboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is almost unique among bumblebees other than species of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF885E2CFAB259757585F8D5" authorityName="Lepeletier" authorityYear="1832" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Psithyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFAB259757585F8D5" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Psithyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the other exceptions are
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFE2659507775F8D5" box="[473,587,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF885E2CFE2659507779F8D5" box="[473,583,1853,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">B. natvigi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
above, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF885E2CFD2F595076D1F8D4" authority="(Tkalcu)" authorityName="Tkalcu" baseAuthorityName="Tkalcu" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[720,1007,1852,1879]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inexspectatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFD2F595076BBF8D5" box="[720,901,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">B. inexspectatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Tkalců)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF885E2CFBDC59517191F8D4" author="Muller" box="[1059,1199,1852,1879]" firstAuthor="Muller" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref47183" refString="Muller, A. (2006) A scientific note on Bombus inexspectatus (Tkalcu, 1963): evidence for a social parasitic mode of life. Apidologie, 37, 1 - 2. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / apido: 2006005" type="journal article" year="2006">Müller 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in being recorded as a parasite in colonies of other bumblebees. The host species is especially
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF885E2CFC41590C7157F8F9" authorityName="Friese. An" authorityYear="1902" box="[958,1129,1888,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrrhopygus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFC41590C7157F8F9" box="[958,1129,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">B. pyrrhopygus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF885E2CFAD7590C7425F81C" authority=", Friese 1935" authorityName=", Friese" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFAD7590C70ABF8F9" box="[1320,1429,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">B. polaris</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF885E2CFF6859E97425F81C" author="Friese" box="[151,283,1924,1951]" firstAuthor="Friese" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref43039" refString="Friese, H. (1935) Apiden aus Nordst-Gronland. Zoological results of the Norwegian Scientific Expedition to East Greenland, IV, 25." type="book" year="1935">Friese 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF885E2CFECF59E97484F81C" author="Loken" box="[304,442,1924,1951]" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF885E2CFE3A59E87700F81C" author="Pape" box="[453,574,1925,1951]" firstAuthor="Pape" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="145 - 150" refId="ref47579" refString="Pape, T. (1983) Observations on nests of Bombus polaris Curtis usurped by B. hyperboreus Schonherr in Greenland (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Entomologiske Meddelelser, 50, 145 - 150." type="journal article" year="1983">Pape 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but there are also recent records as hosts for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF885E2CFBBB59E870A6F81C" authority="(Gjershaug 2009)" authorityName="Gjershaug" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Gjershaug" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1092,1432,1924,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFBBB59E871F4F81D" box="[1092,1226,1924,1950]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">B. balteatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF885E2CFB2759E970AEF81C" author="Gjershaug" box="[1240,1424,1924,1951]" firstAuthor="Gjershaug" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="28 - 31" refId="ref43410" refString="Gjershaug, J. O. (2009) The social parasite bumblebee Bombus hyperboreus Schonherr, 1809 usurp nest of Bombus balteatus Dahlbom, 1832 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in Norway. Norwegian Journal of Entomology, 56, 28 - 31." type="journal article" year="2009">Gjershaug 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF885E2CFF3859C4763DF840" authority="(Kirby) (Bergwall 1970)" authorityName="Bergwall" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[199,771,1960,1987]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jonellus" subGenus="Pyrobombus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFF3859C474D8F841" box="[199,486,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">B. (Pyrobombus) jonellus</emphasis>
|
||
(Kirby) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF885E2CFDAF59C577C5F840" author="Bergwall" box="[592,763,1960,1987]" firstAuthor="Bergwall" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="3 - 23" refId="ref40516" refString="Bergwall, H. E. (1970) Ekologiska iakttagelser over nagra humlearter (Bombus Latr.) vid Staloluokta innom Padjelanta nationalpark, Lule lappmark. Entomologisk Tidsskrift, 91, 3 - 23." type="journal article" year="1970">Bergwall 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Five females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF885E2CFC3B59C47151F841" box="[964,1135,1960,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFC3B59C47151F841" box="[964,1135,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">B. hyperboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the NHMUK collection (#182, 189, 197, 198, 200) have substantial amounts of compressed pollen in their corbiculae, which appears to be evidence of foraging for a colony, as reported previously from Europe (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8A5E2EFC385EF471BFFF30" author="Gjershaug" box="[967,1153,153,179]" firstAuthor="Gjershaug" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="28 - 31" refId="ref43410" refString="Gjershaug, J. O. (2009) The social parasite bumblebee Bombus hyperboreus Schonherr, 1809 usurp nest of Bombus balteatus Dahlbom, 1832 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in Norway. Norwegian Journal of Entomology, 56, 28 - 31." type="journal article" year="2009">Gjershaug 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Pollen in a corbicula is also shown for the female in
|
||
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8A5E2EFE265ED07722FF54" box="[473,540,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURES 1‒6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1894,1919]" captionTargetBox="[223,1370,166,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[213,1375,166,1875]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1‒6. Lateral views of foraging females (queens) of species of the subgenus Alpinobombus (with photo credits): 1, B. alpinus, Norway (A. Staverløkk); 2, B. pyrrhopygus, Sweden (G. Holmström); 3, B. polaris, Canada (B. Heinrich); 4, B. balteatus, Sweden (G. Holmström); 5, B. kirbiellus, USA (D. Wilson); 6, B. hyperboreus, Sweden (L.-I. Larsson). Some images reversed." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268177/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
, which is foraging on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8A5E2EFCEC5ED076DBFF54" authorityName="E.H.L.Krause" authorityYear="1753" box="[787,997,189,215]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Astragalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8A5E2EFCEC5ED076DBFF54" box="[787,997,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Astragalus alpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.. Females have been observed showing ‘nest-seeking’ behaviour (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8A5E2EFE1C5E8C761FFF78" author="Svensson & Lundberg" box="[483,801,225,251]" firstAuthor="Svensson" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref50293" refString="Svensson, B. G. & Lundberg, H. (1977) Distribution of bumble bee nests in a subalpine / alpine area in relation to altitude and habitat (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Zoon, 5, 63 - 72." type="journal article" year="1977">Svensson & Lundberg 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Some authors have reported workers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8A5E2EFB0D5E8F70A2FF78" box="[1266,1436,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8A5E2EFB0D5E8F70A2FF78" box="[1266,1436,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">B. hyperboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8A5E2EFF605F687407FE9C" author="Enwald" box="[159,313,261,287]" firstAuthor="Enwald" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="255" refId="ref42496" refString="Enwald, R. (1881) Bombus hyperboreus Schonh., en for Finland ny humla. Meddelanden af Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, 6, 255." type="journal article" year="1881">Enwald 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8A5E2EFEB95F6874CEFE9C" author="Skorikov" box="[326,496,261,287]" firstAuthor="Skorikov" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref49549" refString="Skorikov, A. S. (1923) [Palaearctic bumblebees. Part I. General biology (including zoogeography)]. Izvestiya Severnoi oblastnoi stantsii zashchity rastenii ot vreditelei, 4 (1922), 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1923">Skorikov 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8A5E2EFE025F6877AAFE9C" author="Elfving" box="[509,660,261,287]" firstAuthor="Elfving" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 43" refId="ref42415" refString="Elfving, R. (1960) Die Hummeln und Schmarotzerhummeln Finnlands. Fauna Fennica, 10, 1 - 43." type="journal article" year="1960">Elfving 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8A5E2EFD5E5F687612FE9C" author="Loken" box="[673,812,261,287]" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but we have seen only one convincing worker of this species in this study, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF8A5E2EFE3E5F447725FEC0" box="[449,539,297,323]" name="Norway" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
(#3855) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8A5E2EFD765F457644FEC0" author="Odegaard" box="[649,890,296,323]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Odegaard" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref47306" refString="Odegaard, F., Staverlokk, A., Gjershaug, J. O., Bengtson, R. & Mjelde, A. (2015) Humler i Norge. Kjennetegn, utbredelse og levesett. Norsk Institutt for Naturforskning, Trondheim, 231 pp." type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Ødegaard
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8A5E2EFD015F477608FEC0" box="[766,822,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There is no evidence of mimicry of the host (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8A5E2EFA7B5F47741AFEE4" authorityName="Friese. An" authorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrrhopygus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8A5E2EFA7B5F47741AFEE4" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">B. pyrrhopygus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in cephalic gland secretions and none of the repellent compounds identified from parasitic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8A5E2EFACD5F2070A2FEE4" authorityName="Lepeletier" authorityYear="1832" box="[1330,1436,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Psithyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8A5E2EFACD5F2070A2FEE4" box="[1330,1436,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Psithyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bumblebees were detected (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8A5E2EFE325F1C7618FE08" author="Brasero, N. & Lecocq, T. & Martinet, B. & Valterova, I. & Urbanova, K. & De Jonghe, R. & Rasmont, P." box="[461,806,369,395]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Chemical Ecology" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="9 - 17" part="44" refId="ref40898" title="Variability in sexual pheromones questions their role in bumblebee pre-mating recognition system" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Brasero, Martinet,
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8A5E2EFD5D5F1F77E5FE08" box="[674,731,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="709B8881FF895E2DFF6859677485F80C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268213/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" startId="45.[151,264,1802,1827]" targetBox="[171,1400,212,1747]" targetPageId="45">
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF895E2DFF6859677485F80C" blockId="45.[151,1436,1802,1935]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF895E2DFF6859677456F8A0" bold="true" box="[151,360,1802,1827]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">FIGURES 129‒137</emphasis>
|
||
. Morphology of the male genitalia for species of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF895E2DFC0D596671BAF8A0" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1917" box="[1010,1156,1803,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF895E2DFC0D596671BAF8A0" box="[1010,1156,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the dorsal aspect, anterior to the left of the image, posterior to the right: 129
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF895E2DFD2B59427602F8C4" authorityName="E.H.L.Krause" authorityYear="1753" box="[724,828,1839,1863]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Astragalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF895E2DFD2B59427602F8C4" box="[724,828,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">B. alpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(#3824); 130
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF895E2DFC335942715DF8C4" authorityName="Friese. An" authorityYear="1902" box="[972,1123,1839,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrrhopygus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF895E2DFC335942715DF8C4" box="[972,1123,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">B pyrrhopygus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(#3833); 131
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF895E2DFB0C59427066F8C4" authorityName=", Friese" authorityYear="1935" box="[1267,1368,1839,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF895E2DFB0C59427066F8C4" box="[1267,1368,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">B. polaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(#73); 132
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF895E2DFF3C593E7405F8E8" baseAuthorityName="Gjershaug" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[195,315,1875,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF895E2DFF3C593E7405F8E8" box="[195,315,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">B. balteatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(#3843); 133
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF895E2DFE36593E777AF8E8" box="[457,580,1875,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbiellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF895E2DFE36593E777AF8E8" box="[457,580,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">B. kirbiellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(#3768); 134
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF895E2DFD2E593E7668F8E8" authorityName="Williams & Berezin & Cannings & Cederberg & Ødegaard & Rasmussen & Richardson & Rykken & Sheffield & Thanoosing & Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[721,854,1875,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF895E2DFD2E593E7668F8E8" box="[721,854,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">B. neoboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(#4387); 135
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF895E2DFC1C593E7157F8E8" authorityName="Williams & Berezin & Cannings & Cederberg & Ødegaard & Rasmussen & Richardson & Rykken & Sheffield & Thanoosing & Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[995,1129,1875,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF895E2DFC1C593E7157F8E8" box="[995,1129,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">B. kluanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(#4876); 136
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF895E2DFB08593E7066F8E9" box="[1271,1368,1875,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF895E2DFB08593E7066F8E9" box="[1271,1368,1875,1898]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">B. natvigi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(#81); 137
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF895E2DFF3B591A7460F80C" box="[196,350,1911,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF895E2DFF3B591A7460F80C" box="[196,350,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">B. hyperboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(#3821).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8A5E2EFF385FF971A3FDE0" blockId="46.[151,1437,153,611]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8A5E2EFF385FF97480FE2C" bold="true" box="[199,446,404,431]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
This species has been assessed for Red List threat status using IUCN criteria (2001).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8A5E2EFF685FD47492FE50" author="Cederberg" box="[151,428,441,467]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cederberg" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref41545" refString="Cederberg, B., Michez, D., Nieto, A., Radchencko, V., Rasmont, P. & Roberts, S. P. M. (2013 c) Bombus hyperboreus. The IUCN Red List of threatened species. Availabe from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / (sccessed 12 Feburary 2019)" type="url" year="2013" yearSuffix="c">
|
||
Cederberg
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8A5E2EFEEB5FD77478FE50" box="[276,326,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2013c)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
assessed the Red List status of this species in Europe as ‘Vulnerable’ because its known area of occupancy (AOO) for Europe is small (
|
||
<quantity id="E31C75ECFF8A5E2EFD595FB077C3FE74" box="[678,765,476,503]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="km" value="420.0">420 km</quantity>
|
||
²) and because it is experiencing a continuing decline due to declines in its host,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8A5E2EFE8E5C6F7723FD98" authorityName="Friese. An" authorityYear="1902" box="[369,541,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrrhopygus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8A5E2EFE8E5C6F7723FD98" box="[369,541,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">B. pyrrhopygus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8A5E2EFD225C6F7674FD98" authorityName=", Friese" authorityYear="1935" box="[733,842,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8A5E2EFD225C6F7674FD98" box="[733,842,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">B. polaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and climate warming. Subsequently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8A5E2EFB045C6C75DCFDBC" author="Rasmont" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rasmont" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref48312" refString="Rasmont, P., Franzen, M., Lecocq, T., Harpke, A., Roberts, S. P. M., Biesmeijer, J. C., Castro, L., Cederberg, B., Dvorak, L., Fitzpatrick, U., Gonseth, Y., Haubruge, E., Mahe, G., Manino, A., Michez, D., Neumayer, J., Odegaard, F., Paukkunen, J., Pawlikowski, T., Potts, S. G., Reemer, M., Settele, J., Straka, J. & Schweiger, O. (2015) Climatic risk and distribution atlas of European bumblebees. Biorisk 10. Special Issue. Pensoft, Sofia, 236 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / biorisk. 10.4749" type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Rasmont
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8A5E2EFA9A5C6F70ABFD98" box="[1381,1429,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have assessed the risk from climate change to this species in Europe as ‘extremely high climate change risk’ (HHHR), projecting that climate change will very likely lead to its extirpation from Europe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |