372 lines
50 KiB
XML
372 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="77894E9B8C0A4E2F843DBAED053A043C" ID-CLB-Dataset="26307" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4625.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="24213782-d4ec-4a95-9ca4-be0a424b06f9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3268175" ID-ZooBank="D08DD464-F1AD-4253-888C-65A2A293F517" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1562214958850" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Williams, Paul H., Berezin, Mikhail V., Cannings, Sydney G., Cederberg, Björn, Ødegaard, Frode, Rasmussen, Claus, Richardson, Leif L., Rykken, Jessica, Sheffield, Cory S., Thanoosing, Chawatat & Byvaltsev, Alexandr M." docDate="2019" docId="AC4D691FFF805E26FF685B3B742AFC24" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4625.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4625 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Bombus neoboreus Sladen" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="50741167FFA45E00FFFF5E6D753EFF83" masterDocTitle="The arctic and alpine bumblebees of the subgenus Alpinobombus revised from integrative assessment of species’ gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1698738039427" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="CA7C43377D8F34867CFD35228A9225E8">The arctic and alpine bumblebees of the subgenus Alpinobombus revised from integrative assessment of species’ gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1878319CB2683FC9BB194270F3FD654C">Williams, Paul H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6AD400FA7F3680DC652B5298211BB6FB">Berezin, Mikhail V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="15FF00765D87C4CB9C0C148776182F6C">Cannings, Sydney G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9A65E6CE4FD5C23C405A8E17453F5593">Cederberg, Björn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="425D4AF7CA7CE7E245043CD50D992670">Ødegaard, Frode</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6C0494A74CE0F120569B1EBD41CA0D02">Rykken, Jessica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C2D2343DFE7B2323849429B4B49F0DB5">Thanoosing, Chawatat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="49AD75E0B75EA97C26B28DD604C07070">Byvaltsev, Alexandr M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="ECD5B38727F04FAD8DDCCED6F068B028">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="AEB4C44BE021EDD966C40A344B86E218">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8A3A71590BA36A26E18A76A135DA670F">4625</mods:number>
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<treatment id="AC4D691FFF805E26FF685B3B742AFC24" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584692" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158512428" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584692" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC4D691FFF805E26FF685B3B742AFC24" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC4D691FFF805E26FF685B3B742AFC24" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<paragraph id="245BD809FF805E24FF685B3B74C7FAF3" blockId="36.[151,540,1366,1428]" box="[151,505,1366,1393]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<heading id="7F136F65FF805E24FF685B3B74C7FAF3" bold="true" box="[151,505,1366,1393]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FF685B3B74C7FAF3" bold="true" box="[151,505,1366,1393]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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6.
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<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FF4A5B3B74C7FAF3" ID-CoL="MFR2" authority="Sladen" authorityName="Sladen" box="[181,505,1366,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
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<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FF4A5B3B74A2FAF2" bold="true" box="[181,412,1366,1393]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bombus neoboreus</emphasis>
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Sladen
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="245BD809FF805E24FF685B177722FA17" blockId="36.[151,540,1366,1428]" box="[151,540,1401,1428]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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(
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<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF805E24FF605B17740BFA17" box="[159,309,1402,1428]" captionStart="FIGURES 89‒103" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1863,1888]" captionTargetBox="[256,1361,173,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[200,1386,166,1844]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 89‒103. 89: Bombus neoboreus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 90‒103 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 90 (#68) USA-Alaska; 91 (#4706) Canada-Nunavut; 92 (#3816) Canada-Yukon; 93 (#3819) USA-Alaska; 94 (#2055) Canada-Nunavut; 95 (#2058) Canada-Nunavut; 96 (#2071) Canada-Nunavut; 97 (#2051) Canada-Nunavut; 98 (#4406) Canada-Nunavut; 99 (#90) Canada-Nunavut; 100 (#92) Canada-Nunavut; 101 (#93) Canada-Yukon; 102 (#3762) Canada-Nunavut; 103 (#91) Canada-Nunavut." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268205/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs. 89‒103</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF805E24FEBE5B177453FA17" box="[321,365,1402,1428]" captionStart="FIGURES 129‒137" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1802,1827]" captionTargetBox="[171,1400,212,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 129‒137. Morphology of the male genitalia for species of the subgenus Alpinobombus from the dorsal aspect, anterior to the left of the image, posterior to the right: 129 B. alpinus (#3824); 130 B pyrrhopygus (#3833); 131 B. polaris (#73); 132 B. balteatus (#3843); 133 B. kirbiellus (#3768); 134 B. neoboreus (#4387); 135 B. kluanensis (#4876); 136 B. natvigi (#81); 137 B. hyperboreus (#3821)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268213/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">134</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF805E24FE865B17749BFA17" box="[377,421,1402,1428]" captionStart="FIGURES 140‒143" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1866,1891]" captionTargetBox="[157,1433,181,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 140‒143. Morphology of females (queens). Left lateral aspect of the oculo-malar area of: 140, B. polaris; 141, B. kirbiellus (white lines indicate length and breadth measurements). Left lateral aspect of the outer surface of the left hind tibia (corbicular area): 142, B. polaris; 143, B. neoboreus (white lines indicate highlights in the central area)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268219/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">143</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF805E24FE4E5B1474E3FA17" box="[433,477,1401,1428]" captionStart="FIGURES 144‒147" captionStartId="51.[151,264,1282,1307]" captionTargetBox="[151,1409,166,1244]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[151,1409,166,1263]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 144‒147. Morphology of males. Dorsal aspect of the penis valves of: 144, B. natvigi; 145, B. neoboreus (white lines indicate location of the subapical outer tooth of the left penis valve). Dorsal aspect of left gonostylus: 146 B. kirbiellus; 147, B. polaris (white lines indicate anterior, midpoint, and posterior median projections of left gonostylus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268221/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">145</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF805E24FE165B17772AFA17" box="[489,532,1402,1428]" captionStart="FIGURES 148‒149" captionStartId="52.[151,264,1900,1925]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,166,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[174,1413,166,1880]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 148‒149. Anterior / left lateral aspect of the lower part of the clypeus, the labrum, and the mandibles of males of: (148) B. neoboreus (#4867), showing the small orange hair patches at the base of the mandibles and the long dense posterior fringing black beard; (149) B. kluanensis (#4876), showing the large dense orange hair pads on the mandibles and the sparse orange hairs in the posterior fringing beard." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268223/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">148</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="245BD809FF805E24FF685BD276B0F997" blockId="36.[151,1437,1470,1679]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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B.<ombus>
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<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FEE55BD2770FFA54" authority="Cresson 1863: 102" authorityName="Cresson" authorityPageNumber="102" authorityYear="1863" box="[282,561,1470,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenuus">
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<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FEE55BD27451FA55" box="[282,367,1471,1494]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">strenuus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FE885BD2770FFA54" author="Cresson" box="[375,561,1470,1495]" firstAuthor="Cresson" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="83 - 116" refId="ref41764" refString="Cresson, E. T. (1863) List of the North American species of Bombus and Apathus. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 2, 83 - 116." type="journal article" year="1863">Cresson 1863:102</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(not of
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<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FD775BD3760CFA54" author="Harris" box="[648,818,1470,1495]" firstAuthor="Harris" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref43511" refString="Harris, M. (1776 - 1780) An exposition of English insects, with curious observations and remarks, wherein each insect is particularly described; its parts and properties considered; the different sexes distinguished, and the natural history faithfully related. Robson, London, viii + 166 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 122956" type="book" year="1776">Harris 1776:131</bibRefCitation>
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, =
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<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FCAA5BD27163FA54" authority="(Linnaeus))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[853,1117,1470,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lapidarius">
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<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FCAA5BD276E2FA54" box="[853,988,1471,1495]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B. lapidarius</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus))
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</taxonomicName>
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, type-locality citation ‘Youcon River, Arctic America, and Hudson’s Bay Territory’.
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<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF805E24FD205BB3767AFA75" box="[735,836,1502,1526]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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queen (#4706) by designation of
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<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FB655BB0706AFA75" author="Cresson" box="[1178,1364,1501,1526]" firstAuthor="Cresson" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 141" refId="ref41832" refString="Cresson, E. T. (1916) The Cresson types of Hymenoptera. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 1, 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1916">Cresson 1916:131</bibRefCitation>
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, ANSP examined PW, ‘H. B. T.’ [Hudson Bay Territory] (?
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<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFF805E24FD345B917616F997" box="[715,808,1532,1556]" country="Canada" name="Nunavut" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Nunavut</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF805E24FCCD5B9676BDF997" box="[818,899,1531,1556]" name="Canada" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Canada</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF805E24FF685876719CF90C" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="245BD809FF805E24FF68587676F9F9F3" blockId="36.[151,1437,1470,1679]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FF685876773DF9B0" ID-CoL="MFR2" authority="Sladen 1919: 28" authorityName="Sladen" authorityPageNumber="28" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,515,1562,1587]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
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<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FF6858767464F9B0" box="[151,346,1563,1587]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bombus neoboreus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FE9E5877773DF9B0" author="Sladen" box="[353,515,1562,1587]" firstAuthor="Sladen" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1913 - 18" refId="ref49674" refString="Sladen, F. W. L. (1919) The wasps and bees collected by the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913 - 18. In: Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913 - 18. Vol. III. Insects. F. A. Acland, Printer to the King, Ottawa, pp. 25 G- 35 G." type="journal article" year="1919">Sladen 1919:28</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, type-locality citation ‘Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories’.
|
||
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF805E24FB65587671C1F9B0" box="[1178,1279,1563,1587]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
queen (#4406) by designation of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FE7D5854777EF9D2" author="Milliron" box="[386,576,1593,1618]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="81 - 237" refId="ref46901" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1973) A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 89, 81 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10589 fv" type="journal article" year="1973">Milliron 1973:110</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, CNC examined PW, ‘Bernard / Harbour’ (formerly NWT, now
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFF805E24FB2358577008F9D2" box="[1244,1334,1594,1617]" country="Canada" name="Nunavut" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Nunavut</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF805E24FABD585470ADF9D1" box="[1346,1427,1593,1618]" name="Canada" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Synonymised with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FE74583577E9F9F3" authority="(Cresson)" authorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" box="[395,727,1624,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Megabombus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenuus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FE7458357751F9F3" box="[395,623,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Megabombus strenuus</emphasis>
|
||
(Cresson)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FD02583A7682F9F3" author="Milliron" box="[765,956,1623,1648]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="81 - 237" refId="ref46901" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1973) A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 89, 81 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10589 fv" type="journal article" year="1973">Milliron 1973:108</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF805E24FF68581A719CF90C" blockId="36.[151,1437,1470,1679]" box="[151,1186,1654,1679]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FF5F581A74E6F90D" box="[160,472,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FF5F581A745FF90C" ID-CoL="MFR2" authority="Cresson; Kearns & Thomson 2001" authorityName="Cresson; Kearns & Thomson" authorityYear="2001" box="[160,353,1655,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">Bombus neoboreus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(strenuous)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Cresson;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FDC1581A765FF90C" author="Kearns & Thomson" box="[574,865,1654,1679]" firstAuthor="Kearns" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref44937" refString="Kearns, C. A. & Thomson, J. D. (2001) The natural history of bumblebees, a sourcebook for investigations. University Press of Colorado, Boulder, xiv + 130 pp." type="book" year="2001">Kearns & Thomson 2001:97</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF805E26FF6858D07676FE2C" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF805E24FF6858D0716DF8A3" blockId="36.[151,1437,1724,2039]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FF6858D074FDF954" bold="true" box="[151,451,1724,1751]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Taxonomy and variation.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FE3658D077A0F954" box="[457,670,1725,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FE3658D077A0F954" box="[457,670,1725,1751]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bombus neoboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has long been treated as including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FBD858D37185F954" authorityName="Williams & Berezin & Cannings & Cederberg & Ødegaard & Rasmussen & Richardson & Rykken & Sheffield & Thanoosing & Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[1063,1211,1725,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FBD858D37185F954" box="[1063,1211,1725,1751]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B. kluanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but has been recognized as separate from evidence of a species coalescent in the COI gene (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FC2F588C7184F978" author="Williams" box="[976,1210,1760,1787]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Williams
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FBC0588F7146F978" box="[1087,1144,1761,1787]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF805E24FB38588C7035F978" box="[1223,1291,1761,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1663,1688]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,563,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,561,1644]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Estimate of the metric gene tree for the 54 longest unique COI-barcode alleles of the subgenus Alpinobombus from MrBayes combined with the Bayesian Poisson-tree-process (PTP) solution with the highest support with spots showing the nodes with the strongest support as coalescents for candidate species (outgroup B. ignitus not shown). Values above the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities showing branch support for groups; values below the nodes are PTP Bayesian support values that all daughter alleles are parts of a single species (probabilities within candidate species are all ≤ 0.44). The scale bar is calibrated in substitutions per nucleotide site. Each unique allele is represented by one of the longest available sample sequences, labelled with: the sequence length in number of nucleotides, a taxon name or name describing an unpublished colour pattern, and then a code that consists of a specimen identifier (AL#n) from the project database and (after the hyphen) a sample identifier from BOLD or GenBank, followed with its geographic origin (for simplicity Greenland is included without Denmark)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268187/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
), differences in morphology and differences in the PEPCK gene (Williams, Cannings,
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FC34596B713DF89C" box="[971,1027,1797,1823]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF805E24FF385944743AF8E4" blockId="36.[151,1437,1724,2039]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Variation in the colour pattern has been illustrated and analysed previously (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FBDB5944702EF8C0" author="Williams" box="[1060,1296,1833,1859]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref51722" refString="Williams, P. H., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L. L. & Colla, S. R. (2014) Bumble bees of North America. An identification guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 208 pp." type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Williams
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FB6C594771F2F8C0" box="[1171,1228,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FAE4594475C6F8E4" author="Williams" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Williams
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FA775947758AF8E4" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF805E24FF38591C7154F874" blockId="36.[151,1437,1724,2039]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
The pale colour pattern
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FE27591F7786F808" authority="Cresson" authorityName="Cresson" box="[472,696,1905,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Megabombus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenuus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FE27591F7768F808" box="[472,598,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B. strenuus</emphasis>
|
||
Cresson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described as having the hair of the dorsal part of the side of the thorax, the scutellum, and T1‒3 extensively yellow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF805E24FCF459F8713AF82C" box="[779,1028,1941,1967]" captionStart="FIGURES 89‒103" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1863,1888]" captionTargetBox="[256,1361,173,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[200,1386,166,1844]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 89‒103. 89: Bombus neoboreus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 90‒103 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 90 (#68) USA-Alaska; 91 (#4706) Canada-Nunavut; 92 (#3816) Canada-Yukon; 93 (#3819) USA-Alaska; 94 (#2055) Canada-Nunavut; 95 (#2058) Canada-Nunavut; 96 (#2071) Canada-Nunavut; 97 (#2051) Canada-Nunavut; 98 (#4406) Canada-Nunavut; 99 (#90) Canada-Nunavut; 100 (#92) Canada-Nunavut; 101 (#93) Canada-Yukon; 102 (#3762) Canada-Nunavut; 103 (#91) Canada-Nunavut." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268205/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs. 90‒93, 101‒102</figureCitation>
|
||
). This is the most widespread colour pattern of the species. The principal variation is in whether T5 is predominantly orange (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF805E24FB8B59D470AAF850" box="[1140,1428,1977,2003]" captionStart="FIGURES 89‒103" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1863,1888]" captionTargetBox="[256,1361,173,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[200,1386,166,1844]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 89‒103. 89: Bombus neoboreus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 90‒103 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 90 (#68) USA-Alaska; 91 (#4706) Canada-Nunavut; 92 (#3816) Canada-Yukon; 93 (#3819) USA-Alaska; 94 (#2055) Canada-Nunavut; 95 (#2058) Canada-Nunavut; 96 (#2071) Canada-Nunavut; 97 (#2051) Canada-Nunavut; 98 (#4406) Canada-Nunavut; 99 (#90) Canada-Nunavut; 100 (#92) Canada-Nunavut; 101 (#93) Canada-Yukon; 102 (#3762) Canada-Nunavut; 103 (#91) Canada-Nunavut." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268205/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs. 90, 92‒93, 101‒102</figureCitation>
|
||
) or predominantly black (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF805E24FE5359B074C0F874" box="[428,510,2013,2039]" captionStart="FIGURES 89‒103" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1863,1888]" captionTargetBox="[256,1361,173,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[200,1386,166,1844]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 89‒103. 89: Bombus neoboreus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 90‒103 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 90 (#68) USA-Alaska; 91 (#4706) Canada-Nunavut; 92 (#3816) Canada-Yukon; 93 (#3819) USA-Alaska; 94 (#2055) Canada-Nunavut; 95 (#2058) Canada-Nunavut; 96 (#2071) Canada-Nunavut; 97 (#2051) Canada-Nunavut; 98 (#4406) Canada-Nunavut; 99 (#90) Canada-Nunavut; 100 (#92) Canada-Nunavut; 101 (#93) Canada-Yukon; 102 (#3762) Canada-Nunavut; 103 (#91) Canada-Nunavut." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268205/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 91</figureCitation>
|
||
), although there are usually a few orange hairs present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="709B8881FF815E25FF68592A7474F873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268205/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" startId="37.[151,264,1863,1888]" targetBox="[256,1361,173,1801]" targetPageId="37">
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF815E25FF68592A7474F873" blockId="37.[151,1437,1863,2032]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF815E25FF68592A7464F8E3" bold="true" box="[151,346,1863,1888]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FIGURES 89‒103</emphasis>
|
||
. 89:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF815E25FE7159257771F8E3" box="[398,591,1864,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF815E25FE7159257771F8E3" box="[398,591,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Bombus neoboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 90
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF815E25FC29592576DDF8E3" bold="true" box="[982,995,1864,1888]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">‒</emphasis>
|
||
103 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF815E25FAB85925706AF8E3" bold="true" box="[1351,1364,1864,1888]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">‒</emphasis>
|
||
21): 90 (#68) USA-Alaska; 91 (#4706) Canada-Nunavut; 92 (#3816) Canada-Yukon; 93 (#3819) USA-Alaska; 94 (#2055) Canada-Nunavut; 95 (#2058) Canada-Nunavut; 96 (#2071) Canada-Nunavut; 97 (#2051) Canada-Nunavut; 98 (#4406) Canada-Nunavut; 99 (#90) Canada-Nunavut; 100 (#92) Canada-Nunavut; 101 (#93) Canada-Yukon; 102 (#3762) Canada-Nunavut; 103 (#91) Canada-Nunavut.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF825E26FF385EF47676FE2C" blockId="38.[151,1437,153,935]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Later, the darker colour pattern
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FDD65EF77782FF30" box="[553,700,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FDD65EF77782FF30" box="[553,700,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. neoboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described, which has the dorsal part of the side of the thorax, the scutellum, and T3 extensively black (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF825E26FD995ED07608FF54" box="[614,822,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURES 89‒103" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1863,1888]" captionTargetBox="[256,1361,173,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[200,1386,166,1844]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 89‒103. 89: Bombus neoboreus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 90‒103 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 90 (#68) USA-Alaska; 91 (#4706) Canada-Nunavut; 92 (#3816) Canada-Yukon; 93 (#3819) USA-Alaska; 94 (#2055) Canada-Nunavut; 95 (#2058) Canada-Nunavut; 96 (#2071) Canada-Nunavut; 97 (#2051) Canada-Nunavut; 98 (#4406) Canada-Nunavut; 99 (#90) Canada-Nunavut; 100 (#92) Canada-Nunavut; 101 (#93) Canada-Yukon; 102 (#3762) Canada-Nunavut; 103 (#91) Canada-Nunavut." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268205/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs. 94‒100, 103</figureCitation>
|
||
). The darkest females have the top of the head, side of the thorax, scutellum, middle third of T1, and T3‒5 black (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF825E26FCC75E8C76B0FF78" box="[824,910,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURES 89‒103" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1863,1888]" captionTargetBox="[256,1361,173,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[200,1386,166,1844]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 89‒103. 89: Bombus neoboreus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 90‒103 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 90 (#68) USA-Alaska; 91 (#4706) Canada-Nunavut; 92 (#3816) Canada-Yukon; 93 (#3819) USA-Alaska; 94 (#2055) Canada-Nunavut; 95 (#2058) Canada-Nunavut; 96 (#2071) Canada-Nunavut; 97 (#2051) Canada-Nunavut; 98 (#4406) Canada-Nunavut; 99 (#90) Canada-Nunavut; 100 (#92) Canada-Nunavut; 101 (#93) Canada-Yukon; 102 (#3762) Canada-Nunavut; 103 (#91) Canada-Nunavut." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268205/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 97</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are especially many individuals of the dark colour pattern
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FE8D5F687719FE9C" box="[370,551,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FE8D5F6874D8FE9C" authority="Williams & Berezin & Cannings & Cederberg & Ødegaard & Rasmussen & Richardson & Rykken & Sheffield & Thanoosing & Byvaltsev, 2019" authorityName="Williams & Berezin & Cannings & Cederberg & Ødegaard & Rasmussen & Richardson & Rykken & Sheffield & Thanoosing & Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[370,486,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="neoboreus">neoboreus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DA3B960FF825E26FE125F6B7719FE9C" box="[493,551,262,287]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in collections from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFF825E26FCF85F687652FE9C" box="[775,876,261,287]" country="Canada" name="Nunavut" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Nunavut</collectingRegion>
|
||
: near Coppermine, Bernard Harbour, and Kugluktuk. They are superficially similar to some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FD875F4777D8FEC0" box="[632,742,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FD875F4777D8FEC0" box="[632,742,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. polaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but are slightly larger, with shorter hair, have a longer oculomalar distance, and have a smoother shinier outer corbicular surface of the hind tibia. Individuals with both colour patterns (the pale
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FEA25F1F7485FE08" box="[349,443,370,395]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Megabombus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenuus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FEA25F1F7485FE08" box="[349,443,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">strenuus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the dark
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FDAF5F1C763AFE08" box="[592,772,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FDAF5F1C77FAFE08" authority="Williams & Berezin & Cannings & Cederberg & Ødegaard & Rasmussen & Richardson & Rykken & Sheffield & Thanoosing & Byvaltsev, 2019" authorityName="Williams & Berezin & Cannings & Cederberg & Ødegaard & Rasmussen & Richardson & Rykken & Sheffield & Thanoosing & Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[592,708,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="neoboreus">neoboreus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DA3B960FF825E26FD355F1F763AFE08" box="[714,772,370,395]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) co-occur at Kluane (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFF825E26FC0A5F1C717CFE0F" box="[1013,1090,369,396]" country="Canada" name="Yukon" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Yukon</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and at Coppermine (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFF825E26FACE5F1C70ABFE08" box="[1329,1429,369,395]" country="Canada" name="Nunavut" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Nunavut</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and there are no diagnostic differences in their COI barcodes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF825E26FF385FD57062FD70" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF825E26FF385FD5711AFD04" blockId="38.[151,1437,153,935]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FF385FD57492FE50" bold="true" box="[199,428,440,467]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
. 58 queens
|
||
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF825E26FDC55FD477F9FE50" box="[570,711,441,467]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="worker">104 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF825E26FD2E5FD4767BFE50" box="[721,837,441,467]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="male">100 males</specimenCount>
|
||
(plus
|
||
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF825E26FC6E5FD5713EFE50" box="[913,1024,440,467]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
|
||
with caste undetermined), from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF825E26FF685FB075F3FE74" box="[151,205,477,503]" name="United States of America" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF825E26FEFB5FB07466FE74" box="[260,344,477,503]" name="Canada" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF825E26FE995FB07485FE74" box="[358,443,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURES 89‒103" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1863,1888]" captionTargetBox="[256,1361,173,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[200,1386,166,1844]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 89‒103. 89: Bombus neoboreus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 90‒103 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 90 (#68) USA-Alaska; 91 (#4706) Canada-Nunavut; 92 (#3816) Canada-Yukon; 93 (#3819) USA-Alaska; 94 (#2055) Canada-Nunavut; 95 (#2058) Canada-Nunavut; 96 (#2071) Canada-Nunavut; 97 (#2051) Canada-Nunavut; 98 (#4406) Canada-Nunavut; 99 (#90) Canada-Nunavut; 100 (#92) Canada-Nunavut; 101 (#93) Canada-Yukon; 102 (#3762) Canada-Nunavut; 103 (#91) Canada-Nunavut." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268205/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 89</figureCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF825E26FE3B5FB07724FE74" box="[452,538,477,503]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF825E26FDE15FB0775BFE74" box="[542,613,477,503]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">ANSP</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF825E26FD935FB07798FE74" box="[620,678,477,503]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">CNC</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF825E26FD535FB077D3FE74" box="[684,749,477,503]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" name="Illinois Natural History Survey" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">INHS</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF825E26FD0B5FB07660FE74" box="[756,862,477,503]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF825E26FC9B5FB07684FE74" box="[868,954,477,503]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="Museum">NMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF825E26FC3E5FB07132FE74" box="[961,1036,477,503]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/66ra-d50z" name="The Packer Collection at York University" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="University or college">PCYU</collectionCode>
|
||
PR
|
||
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF825E26FBC45FB0715AFE74" box="[1083,1124,477,503]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">PW</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF825E26FB945FB07182FE74" box="[1131,1212,477,503]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gayt-20cg" name="Royal British Columbia Museum" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="Museum">RBCM</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF825E26FB3C5FB0702CFE74" box="[1219,1298,477,503]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">RSKM</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF825E26FAE65FB0706AFE74" box="[1305,1364,477,503]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7sv4-pazk" name="Royal Scottish Museum" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">RSM</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF825E26FAA45FB070A2FE74" box="[1371,1436,477,503]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/77v7-7va6" name="University of Alaska Museum" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="Museum">UAM</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF825E26FF685C6C75E6FD98" box="[151,216,513,539]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||
), with
|
||
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF825E26FED75C6D74FCFD98" box="[296,450,512,539]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
barcoded. A record of a queen from a site on Vancouver Island (#4298) was noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF825E26FF685C487479FDBC" author="Milliron" box="[151,327,549,575]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="81 - 237" refId="ref46901" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1973) A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 89, 81 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10589 fv" type="journal article" year="1973">Milliron (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as needing confirmation. The specimen (
|
||
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF825E26FCE45C487666FDBC" box="[795,856,549,575]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">CNC</collectionCode>
|
||
) is correctly identified, but the site is unexpectedly far south for this species and at low elevation, apparently in unusual forest habitat for this species (cf. the Maxent climatic suitability model in
|
||
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF825E26FE265C007723FD04" box="[473,541,621,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1715,1740]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,427,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,417,1696]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Sample sites and climatic suitability for all Alpinobombus species combined estimated using Maxent from climate variables for the year 2000. Bright yellow and brown areas show where the logistic prediction of occurrence is p> 0.5 (the outlier records with exceptionally low probabilities of suitability were excluded in step-wise iterations); brown spots show all consistent Alpinobombus site records; ‘?’ shows the five records that are in climatically outlying sites. Polar projection, North Pole (starred) at the centre of the map, international boundaries and the Arctic Circle shown as narrow grey lines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268181/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
), so the specimen may have been mislabelled.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF825E26FF385CFD7062FD70" blockId="38.[151,1437,153,935]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FF385CFD74CDFD28" bold="true" box="[199,499,656,683]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Habitat and distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Flower-rich arctic/alpine tundra in the New World tundra excluding
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF825E26FADE5CFC70A7FD28" box="[1313,1433,657,683]" name="Greenland" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, north to Prince Patrick Island and east to Victoria Island, extending southwards into the subarctic region in the alpine zone of the Alaskan and Yukon mountains. Regional distribution maps (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF825E26FC445CB47162FD70" author="Milliron" box="[955,1116,729,755]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="81 - 237" refId="ref46901" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1973) A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 89, 81 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10589 fv" type="journal article" year="1973">Milliron 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF825E26FB985CB4706EFD70" author="Williams" box="[1127,1360,729,755]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref51722" refString="Williams, P. H., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L. L. & Colla, S. R. (2014) Bumble bees of North America. An identification guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 208 pp." type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Williams
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FB2B5CB77032FD70" box="[1236,1292,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF825E26FF385C90742AFC24" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF825E26FF385C9074E6FC94" blockId="38.[151,1437,153,935]" box="[199,472,765,791]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FF385C907465FC94" bold="true" box="[199,347,765,791]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Food plants.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF825E26FF385D4D74FBFCB8" blockId="38.[151,1437,153,935]" box="[199,453,800,827]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FF385D4D7476FCB8" bold="true" box="[199,328,800,827]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Behaviour.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="245BD809FF825E26FF385D29742AFC24" blockId="38.[151,1437,153,935]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FF385D297485FCDC" bold="true" box="[199,443,836,863]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
This species has not yet been fully assessed for Red List threat status using IUCN criteria (2001).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF825E26FF0F5D0474D7FC07" author="Hatfield" box="[240,489,873,900]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hatfield" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref43776" refString="Hatfield, R., Jepsen, S., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L., Colla, S. & Foltz-Jordan, S. (2016 c) Bombus neoboreus. The IUCN Red List of threatened species. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2016 - 1. RLTS. T 44937195 A 46440191. en" type="book" year="2016" yearSuffix="c">
|
||
Hatfield
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FEAC5D0774BAFC00" box="[339,388,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2016c)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have listed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FD905D07763DFC00" authorityName="Williams & Berezin & Cannings & Cederberg & Ødegaard & Rasmussen & Richardson & Rykken & Sheffield & Thanoosing & Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[623,771,873,899]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FD905D07763DFC00" box="[623,771,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. neoboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as ‘Data deficient’. Their data appear to include data for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FA7B5D077433FC24" authorityName="Williams & Berezin & Cannings & Cederberg & Ødegaard & Rasmussen & Richardson & Rykken & Sheffield & Thanoosing & Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FA7B5D077433FC24" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. kluanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |