224 lines
20 KiB
XML
224 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.72690" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca03b5fa-6408-4f9d-adbd-1b5a55827bd0" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-86-47" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C60B2ECFD8025577BCB4BF9F5E903455" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5650527" ID-ZooBank="5617D391397345709722E67A3EDF477E" ModsDocID="1314-2607-86-47" checkinTime="1635566795972" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kang, Ilgoo, Sharkey, Michael J. & Diaz, Rodrigo" docDate="2021" docId="88DD3C0868AA555697D49C662E9EDFD0" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 86: 47-61" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 86" docPubDate="2021-10-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.72690" docTitle="Schoenlandella diaphaniae" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="C60B2ECFD8025577BCB4BF9F5E903455" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="C60B2ECFD8025577BCB4BF9F5E903455" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Schoenlandella (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cardiochilinae) in the New World, with a potential biological control agent for a lepidopteran pest of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1678756937562" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the genus Schoenlandella (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cardiochilinae) in the New World, with a potential biological control agent for a lepidopteran pest of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Kang, Ilgoo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8501-1758</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 404 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ikang1@lsu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Sharkey, Michael J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6201-7340</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>The Hymenoptera Institute, 116 Franklin Ave., Redlands, CA, 92373, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Diaz, Rodrigo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5493-9548</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 404 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-10-29</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>86</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>47</mods:start>
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<mods:end>61</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.72690</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.72690</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-86-47</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">5617D391397345709722E67A3EDF477E</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5650527</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="189635779" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88DD3C0868AA555697D49C662E9EDFD0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/88DD3C0868AA555697D49C662E9EDFD0" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6Y8QX" LSID="88DD3C08-68AA-5556-97D4-9C662E9EDFD0" authority="(Marsh, 1986)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh" baseAuthorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Schoenlandella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schoenlandella diaphaniae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diaphaniae">Schoenlandella diaphaniae (Marsh, 1986)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Schoenlandella diaphaniae, non-type A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventro-lateral metasoma E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601056" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Fig. 1A-E</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cardiochiles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cardiochiles diaphaniae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diaphaniae">Cardiochiles diaphaniae</taxonomicName>
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Marsh, 1986 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Marsh, PM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="131 - 133" refId="B20" refString="Marsh, PM, 1986. A new species of Cardiochiles (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) introduced into Florida to control Diaphania spp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 88 (1): 131 - 133" title="A new species of Cardiochiles (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) introduced into Florida to control Diaphania spp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." volume="88" year="1986">Marsh 1986</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Marsh" baseAuthorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Schoenlandella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schoenlandella diaphaniae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diaphaniae">Schoenlandella diaphaniae</taxonomicName>
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(Marsh, 1986) (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/IT98020" author="Dangerfield, PC" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="917 - 976" refId="B11" refString="Dangerfield, PC, Austin, AD, Whitfield, JB, 1999. Systematics of the world genera of Cardiochilinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Invertebrate Systematics 13 (6): 917 - 976, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/IT98020" title="Systematics of the world genera of Cardiochilinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/IT98020" volume="13" year="1999">Dangerfield et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Non-type specimen</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" country="Trinidad and Tobago" location="Trinidad and Tobago" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
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<collectingCountry name="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
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•
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<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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; Curepe
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1978-07-21" collectingMethod="Malaise Trap" country="Trinidad and Tobago" location="Trinidad and Tobago" specimenCount="1">
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<collectingCountry name="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
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;
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<collectingDate value="1978-07-21">21 Jul. 1978</collectingDate>
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.
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<collectingMethod>Malaise Trap</collectingMethod>
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. Deposited in INHS
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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Members of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. diaphaniae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diaphaniae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">S. diaphaniae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are distinguished from members of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. gloriosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gloriosa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">S. gloriosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by having shorter lower face and malar space (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Schoenlandella diaphaniae, non-type A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventro-lateral metasoma E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601056" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">1C</figureCitation>
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); basally hyaline forewing (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Schoenlandella diaphaniae, non-type A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventro-lateral metasoma E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601056" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">1A</figureCitation>
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); stigma entirely melanic (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Schoenlandella diaphaniae, non-type A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventro-lateral metasoma E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601056" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">1A</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<bibRefCitation author="Marsh, PM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="131 - 133" refId="B20" refString="Marsh, PM, 1986. A new species of Cardiochiles (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) introduced into Florida to control Diaphania spp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 88 (1): 131 - 133" title="A new species of Cardiochiles (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) introduced into Florida to control Diaphania spp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." volume="88" year="1986">Marsh (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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described color of the species and some morphological characters in his species description. Here, the species is re-described based on a specimen collected in Trinidad and Tobago.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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Body length 4.5-5.8 mm (
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<bibRefCitation author="Marsh, PM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="131 - 133" refId="B20" refString="Marsh, PM, 1986. A new species of Cardiochiles (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) introduced into Florida to control Diaphania spp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 88 (1): 131 - 133" title="A new species of Cardiochiles (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) introduced into Florida to control Diaphania spp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." volume="88" year="1986">Marsh 1986</bibRefCitation>
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). Antenna length: ~4.2 mm. Forewing length: ~5.5 mm.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Head</emphasis>
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: Antenna 34-segmented. Eye length ~0.45
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than its height (40:89). Dorsal width of lower face as long as its height (81:81); Malar space ~0.40
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than height of eye in anterior view (32:80), ~2.13
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than basal width of mandible (32:15) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Schoenlandella diaphaniae, non-type A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventro-lateral metasoma E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601056" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">1C</figureCitation>
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). Clypeus ~1.53
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than its width (49:32); clypeal tubercles with sharp margins (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Schoenlandella diaphaniae, non-type A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventro-lateral metasoma E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601056" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">1C</figureCitation>
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). Galea as long as malar length in lateral view (32:32), with curved apical margin (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Schoenlandella diaphaniae, non-type A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventro-lateral metasoma E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601056" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">1A</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Mesosoma</emphasis>
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: Scutellar sulcus with five to six crenulae. Postscutellar depression present. Propodeum rugulose; median areola of propodeum diamond-shaped, median length as long as its width; propodeum with median transverse carina reaching lateral margin. Pronotum mostly smooth with incomplete posteroventral carina reaching posterior margin. Mesopleuron mostly smooth and polished; precoxal sulcus medially present with five crenulae. Metapleuron rugulose. Mesosternal sulcus crenulate.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Legs</emphasis>
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: Basal spur on mid tibia ~0.83
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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mid-basitarsus (49:59). Hind femur medially ~0.33
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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broader than its length (45:137). Basal spur on hind tibia ~0.66
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than hind basitarsus (60:90). Hind basitarsus cylindrical. Hind tarsal claw pectinate with five teeth; apical tooth basally rounded and apically angled; basal four teeth sharp.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Wings</emphasis>
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: Forewing second submarginal cell its maximum width ~2.87
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than its maximum length (89:31); 3r absent; Rs broken basally and angled at a basal sixth; stigma about ~3.44
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than width medially (93:27). Hind wing 2-1A present at basal third (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Schoenlandella diaphaniae, non-type A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventro-lateral metasoma E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601056" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">1A</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Metasoma</emphasis>
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: Medial length of T1 ~2.59
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than medial length of T2 (75:29). Medial length of T2 ~0.22
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than its apical width (29:129). T3 about ~1.66
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than T2 medially (48:29). Hypopygium entirely sclerotized, medially with shallow area, without median longitudinal fold (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Schoenlandella diaphaniae, non-type A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventro-lateral metasoma E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601056" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">1D</figureCitation>
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). Ovipositor moderately downcurved. Protruded ovipositor sheath moderately downcurved, ~0.57
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than hind tibia (101:176), slightly broadened apically, anterior 2/5 depilous and posterior 3/5 pilose apically with long setae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="color">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Color.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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Body mostly bright yellow; the following areas melanic: flagellomeres, pedicel mostly, outer scape; ocellary field and frons dorsally, labrum, apical mandible, galea mostly, mid tibia apically, hind coxa apically, hind trochanter and trochantellus, hind femur basally and apically, hind tibia apically, hind tarsomeres apically, entire ovipositor sheath. T4-T6 medially (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Schoenlandella diaphaniae, non-type A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventro-lateral metasoma E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601056" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">1E</figureCitation>
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). Wings basally hyaline and apically infuscate, C+SC+R vein in forewing mostly melanic, stigma mostly melanic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="male">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Male.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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See
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<bibRefCitation author="Marsh, PM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="131 - 133" refId="B20" refString="Marsh, PM, 1986. A new species of Cardiochiles (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) introduced into Florida to control Diaphania spp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 88 (1): 131 - 133" title="A new species of Cardiochiles (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) introduced into Florida to control Diaphania spp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." volume="88" year="1986">Marsh (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="host">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Hosts.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Stoll" baseAuthorityYear="1781" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Diaphania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diaphania nitidalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Diaphania nitidalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Stall) and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. hyalinata" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="hyalinata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">D. hyalinata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(L.) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Marsh, PM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="131 - 133" refId="B20" refString="Marsh, PM, 1986. A new species of Cardiochiles (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) introduced into Florida to control Diaphania spp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 88 (1): 131 - 133" title="A new species of Cardiochiles (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) introduced into Florida to control Diaphania spp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." volume="88" year="1986">Marsh 1986</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Colombia, Venezuela, and Trinidad and Tobago.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |