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<document id="C577B962086D064CF815AFBE304D60DC" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4196.4.1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4196.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="921bb78e-4a75-4fa5-82b6-5c7a75c7ad1e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="168273" ID-ZooBank="80863DAE-C9E4-466D-9E27-AD938E826D4A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1479971428066" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Samyn, Yves &amp; Vandenspiegel, Didier" docDate="2016" docId="6C2D24149072A039FF79FD2FB4D5F855" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4196.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4196 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ypsilothuria bitentaculata Ludwig 1893" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="480" masterDocId="90145C6C906FA024FFEEFFFBB052FFF6" masterDocTitle="Sublittoral and bathyal sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Northern Mozambique Channel with description of six new species" masterLastPageNumber="497" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="480" updateTime="1698394447745" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="20859C916F00D9A2248BA3138752F78E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="926F42C486A8FF88E23B35FB6A34D740">
<mods:title id="ECE8144663C9CA3E45C44718DA41EBB9">Sublittoral and bathyal sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Northern Mozambique Channel with description of six new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="CECCF61F7B01E663B1337154523BD3E8" type="personal">
<mods:role id="27181623C57DF7E871C1F3B825B2C1A4">
<mods:roleTerm id="0EDD7D22D956F2686FA05E59114686E6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A3FF4831B8F73E4033B0FE5F3994ABB0">Samyn, Yves</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AB4AA708859B66B2B742D4273B708AF0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5595C9A8F81793901B346EDFDB4D1F03">
<mods:roleTerm id="80DD3BAAE2981F3AF5056129F519D8CB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="33ACC80805042FE059BF229388D09657">Vandenspiegel, Didier</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="DE30E4322D1D59632FD219FF239690AC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="21C6CDB6F2A0F3399A2F3D447027E229" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="7CF4F9E45EF7FC3180492AA36CD6197C">
<mods:title id="3F06331F77391C084FD0E0D7A0782750">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="93CAC3DAEE95911A164242DCAAFAD6FC">
<mods:date id="4D2D5B5C3E5F9EA8F9A964B9B971ECF5">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="4DA7ECD3005B5E83E92736E5B8E5F7CF" type="volume">
<mods:number id="1BB6A55BAEFCAF0C171E86119E35DAF2">4196</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="33DF39F5DEB554DE701F6D6BBCBC1C70" type="issue">
<mods:number id="23F93A8F9A974D91CAE749B8F0B30990">4</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="57AECBA6CDD1BF6AFF11F3C0555BD7FD" unit="page">
<mods:start id="C37024208AD1E7EE695988F55A7B03AE">451</mods:start>
<mods:end id="4867715A901AE99BA57751584FBF4BF4">497</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="C1024F9FA2125F526F0961F7E7FADC4A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="232ED96C30592A25AC09738CC9615FCA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4196.4.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0A6E6C45446A049D9CBE051CFB37F86C" type="GBIF-Dataset">921bb78e-4a75-4fa5-82b6-5c7a75c7ad1e</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4947A5FBE69804A70E374A9CE48B556B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D6C3C9A8FDAB5BBE35B297F69AFC6E7B" type="Zenodo-Dep">168273</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="89FAAFC52CAE52FE8C7CF0FA739DBBA2" type="ZooBank">80863DAE-C9E4-466D-9E27-AD938E826D4A</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="6C2D24149072A039FF79FD2FB4D5F855" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107238" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124831673" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5107238" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C2D24149072A039FF79FD2FB4D5F855" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C2D24149072A039FF79FD2FB4D5F855" lastPageNumber="480" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
<subSubSection id="AC9EC6899072A039FF79FD2FB166FCF9" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E43B95029072A039FF79FD2FB2EAFD18" blockId="29.[151,696,724,783]" box="[151,696,724,750]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
<heading id="BF73226E9072A039FF79FD2FB2EAFD18" bold="true" box="[151,696,724,750]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="2384EE819072A039FF79FD2FB2EAFD18" ID-CoL="5CSRR" authority="Ludwig, 1893" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,696,724,750]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bitentaculata">
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FF79FD2FB2EAFD18" bold="true" box="[151,696,724,750]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FF79FD2FB179FD18" bold="true" box="[151,299,724,750]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Ypsilothuria</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FEB9FD2FB1A6FD18" bold="true" box="[343,500,724,750]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">bitentaculata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8015E8F39072A039FDEAFD2FB2E2FD18" author="Ludwig" box="[516,688,724,750]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" refString="Ludwig, H. (1893) Vorlaufiger Bericht uber die auf den Tiefsee Fahrten des &quot; Albatross &quot; (Fruhling 1891) im ostlichen Stillen Ocean erbeuteten Holothurien. Zoologische anzeiger, 16, 179 - 185." type="journal article" year="1893">Ludwig, 1893</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E43B95029072A039FF79FD0DB166FCF9" blockId="29.[151,696,724,783]" box="[151,308,758,783]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
(
<figureCitation id="7CBF89879072A039FF71FD0DB0A2FCF9" box="[159,240,758,783]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1803,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1781]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1781]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 21. Ypsilothuria cf. bitentaculata (Ludwig, 1893). A: different view of specimens IE- 2007 - 780, B: lateral view of specimen IE- 2007 - 765, C: SEM view of body wall thecal plates. Scale bares: A &amp; B = 1 cm, C = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258675/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
A
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FEE5FD0DB14BFCF9" bold="true" box="[267,281,758,783]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">–</emphasis>
C)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AC9EC6899072A039FF79FCC5B4C4FC64" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E43B95029072A039FF79FCC5B3EFFC85" blockId="29.[151,1174,830,914]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C494B22C9072A039FF79FCC5B3EFFC85" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
<taxonomicName id="2384EE819072A039FF79FCC5B220FCA2" authority="Ludwig, 1893: 184" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityPageNumber="184" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,626,830,852]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Sphaeroturia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bitentaculata">
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FF79FCC5B1F5FCA2" box="[151,423,830,852]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Sphaeroturia bitentaculata</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="6525B3139072A039FE40FCC5B220FCA2" author="Ludwig" box="[430,626,830,852]" page="184" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" year="1893">
<bibRefCitation id="8015E8F39072A039FE40FCC5B212FCA2" author="Ludwig" box="[430,576,830,852]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" refString="Ludwig, H. (1893) Vorlaufiger Bericht uber die auf den Tiefsee Fahrten des &quot; Albatross &quot; (Fruhling 1891) im ostlichen Stillen Ocean erbeuteten Holothurien. Zoologische anzeiger, 16, 179 - 185." type="journal article" year="1893">Ludwig, 1893</bibRefCitation>
: 184
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 1894: 141, pl. 12, figs 16
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FC95FCC4B3D5FCA2" bold="true" box="[891,903,831,852]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">–</emphasis>
17, pl. 14, figs 5
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FBC3FCC4B46BFCA2" bold="true" box="[1069,1081,831,852]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">–</emphasis>
14.
<taxonomicName id="2384EE819072A039FF79FCA6B2D9FC85" ID-CoL="5FBJX" authority="Perrier 1886" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,651,861,883]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="bitentaculata" subSpecies="attenuata">
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FF79FCA6B256FC85" box="[151,516,861,883]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Ypsilothuria bitentaculata attenuata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8015E8F39072A039FDE4FCA6B2D9FC85" author="Perrier" box="[522,651,861,883]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" refString="Perrier, R. (1886) Les explorations sous-marines. Paris, 352 pp." type="book" year="1886">Perrier 1886</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="6525B3139072A039FD7BFCA6B315FC85" author="Massin" box="[661,839,861,883]" page="44" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="8015E8F39072A039FD7BFCA6B373FC85" author="Massin" box="[661,801,861,883]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" refString="Massin, C. (1996) Holothuries (Echinodermata) recoltees sur le talus continental Mediterraneen (NW) lors de la campagne DEPRO 96. Mesoglee, 55, 43 - 48." type="journal article" year="1996">Massin, 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 44
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 1 &amp; 2.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E43B95029072A039FF79FC87B4C4FC64" blockId="29.[151,1174,830,914]" box="[151,1174,892,914]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C494B22C9072A039FF79FC87B4C4FC64" box="[151,1174,892,914]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
<taxonomicName id="2384EE819072A039FF79FC87B28EFC64" ID-CoL="5CSRR" authority="Massin &amp; Hendrix, 2011: 422" authorityName="Massin &amp; Hendrix" authorityPageNumber="422" authorityYear="2011" box="[151,732,892,914]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bitentaculata">
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FF79FC87B1CFFC64" box="[151,413,892,914]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Ypsilothuria bitentaculata</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="6525B3139072A039FE45FC87B28EFC64" author="Massin" box="[427,732,892,914]" page="422" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="8015E8F39072A039FE45FC87B2F8FC64" author="Massin" box="[427,682,892,914]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" refString="Massin, C. &amp; Hendrickx, M. (2011) Deep-water Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) collected during the TALUDcruises off the Pacific coast of Mexico, with the description of two new species. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 82, 413 - 443." type="journal article" year="2011">Massin &amp; Hendrix, 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 422
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 7 (synonymy and records before 2011)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AC9EC6899072A039FF79FC45B11BFAED" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E43B95029072A039FF79FC45B11BFAED" blockId="29.[151,1437,958,1955]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
<materialsCitation id="54EC9F5F9072A039FF79FC45B0B8FC0D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1343648495" location="Majunga" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FF79FC45B1D6FC21" bold="true" box="[151,388,958,983]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Material examined.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FE61FC44B20DFC21" box="[399,607,958,983]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Non-type material</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FD9CFC45B356FC21" bold="true" box="[626,772,958,983]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">IE-2007-757</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="F2825E8B9072A039FCF4FC44B3CCFC21" box="[794,926,958,983]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, sampled between
<location id="E15BC3D99072A039FB93FC45B4B3FC21" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C2D24149072A039FF79FD2FB4D5F855:E15BC3D99072A039FB93FC45B4B3FC21" box="[1149,1249,958,983]" name="Majunga" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" stateProvince="Cape">Majunga</location>
and
<collectingRegion id="26405BE09072A039FAF0FC44B505FC21" box="[1310,1367,959,983]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Cape</collectingRegion>
Saint André)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="54EC9F5F9072A039FF18FC19B437FC0D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1343648486" box="[246,1125,994,1019]" location="Majunga" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FF18FC19B1DAFC0D" bold="true" box="[246,392,994,1019]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">IE-2007-758</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="F2825E8B9072A039FE75FC18B24EFC0D" box="[411,540,994,1019]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, sampled between
<location id="E15BC3D99072A039FD1DFC19B305FC0D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C2D24149072A039FF79FD2FB4D5F855:E15BC3D99072A039FD1DFC19B305FC0D" box="[755,855,994,1019]" name="Majunga" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" stateProvince="Cape">Majunga</location>
and
<collectingRegion id="26405BE09072A039FC61FC18B39BFC0D" box="[911,969,995,1019]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Cape</collectingRegion>
Saint André)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="54EC9F5F9072A039FB9CFC19B262FBE9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1343648478" location="Nazendry Bay" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FB9CFC19B556FC0D" bold="true" box="[1138,1284,994,1019]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">IE-2007-762</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="F2825E8B9072A039FAF9FC18B5CAFC0D" box="[1303,1432,994,1019]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, sampled in front of
<location id="E15BC3D99072A039FE91FBFDB275FBE9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C2D24149072A039FF79FD2FB4D5F855:E15BC3D99072A039FE91FBFDB275FBE9" box="[383,551,1030,1055]" name="Nazendry Bay" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" stateProvince="Cape">Nazendry Bay</location>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="54EC9F5F9072A039FDD0FBFDB33BFBB5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1343648482" location="Majunga" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Cape">
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FDD0FBFDB283FBE9" bold="true" box="[574,721,1030,1055]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">IE-2007-765</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="F2825E8B9072A039FD0DFBFCB321FBE9" box="[739,883,1030,1055]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
, sampled in front of Majunga);
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FB06FBFDB529FBE9" bold="true" box="[1256,1403,1030,1055]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">IE-2007-784</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="F2825E8B9072A039FA7EFBFCB156FBB5" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, sampled between
<location id="E15BC3D99072A039FE08FBD1B218FBB5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C2D24149072A039FF79FD2FB4D5F855:E15BC3D99072A039FE08FBD1B218FBB5" box="[486,586,1066,1091]" name="Majunga" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" stateProvince="Cape">Majunga</location>
and
<collectingRegion id="26405BE09072A039FD64FBD0B296FBB5" box="[650,708,1067,1091]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Cape</collectingRegion>
Saint André)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="54EC9F5F9072A039FC97FBD1B117FB91" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1343648501" location="Nazendry Bay" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FC97FBD1B459FBB5" bold="true" box="[889,1035,1066,1091]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">IE-2007-786</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="F2825E8B9072A039FBCCFBD0B4F5FBB5" box="[1058,1191,1066,1091]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, sampled in front of
<location id="E15BC3D99072A039FF79FBB5B16EFB91" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C2D24149072A039FF79FD2FB4D5F855:E15BC3D99072A039FF79FBB5B16EFB91" box="[151,316,1102,1127]" name="Nazendry Bay" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" stateProvince="Cape">Nazendry Bay</location>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="54EC9F5F9072A039FEBFFBB5B1F1FB7D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1343648492" location="Nazendry Bay" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" specimenCount="6" stateProvince="Cape">
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FEBFFBB5B1B6FB91" bold="true" box="[337,484,1102,1127]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">IE-2007-789</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="F2825E8B9072A039FE18FBB4B225FB91" box="[502,631,1102,1127]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, sampled in front of Majumga);
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FC0BFBB5B42AFB91" bold="true" box="[997,1144,1102,1127]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">IE-2007-780</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="F2825E8B9072A039FB66FBB5B547FB91" box="[1160,1301,1102,1127]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
, sampled in front of
<location id="E15BC3D99072A039FF1BFB89B1C9FB7D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C2D24149072A039FF79FD2FB4D5F855:E15BC3D99072A039FF1BFB89B1C9FB7D" box="[245,411,1138,1163]" name="Nazendry Bay" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" stateProvince="Cape">Nazendry Bay</location>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="54EC9F5F9072A039FE5EFB88B57AFB7D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1343648483" box="[432,1320,1138,1163]" location="Majunga" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Cape">
IE-2007-792 (
<specimenCount id="F2825E8B9072A039FDBEFB88B28CFB7D" box="[592,734,1138,1163]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
, sampled between
<location id="E15BC3D99072A039FC5BFB89B44BFB7D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C2D24149072A039FF79FD2FB4D5F855:E15BC3D99072A039FC5BFB89B44BFB7D" box="[949,1049,1138,1163]" name="Majunga" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" stateProvince="Cape">Majunga</location>
and
<collectingRegion id="26405BE09072A039FBBFFB88B4D9FB7D" box="[1105,1163,1139,1163]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Cape</collectingRegion>
Saint André)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="54EC9F5F9072A039FADAFB89B3C7FB59" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1343648493" location="Majunga" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FADAFB89B093FB59" bold="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">IE-2007- 795</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="F2825E8B9072A039FF3DFB6CB101FB59" box="[211,339,1174,1199]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, sampled between
<location id="E15BC3D99072A039FDC9FB6DB2D9FB59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C2D24149072A039FF79FD2FB4D5F855:E15BC3D99072A039FDC9FB6DB2D9FB59" box="[551,651,1174,1199]" name="Majunga" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" stateProvince="Cape">Majunga</location>
and
<collectingRegion id="26405BE09072A039FD2FFB6CB2A9FB59" box="[705,763,1175,1199]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Cape</collectingRegion>
Saint André)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="54EC9F5F9072A039FC4EFB6DB250FB25" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1343648498" location="Majunga" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Cape">
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FC4EFB6DB460FB59" bold="true" box="[928,1074,1174,1199]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">IE-2007-797</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="F2825E8B9072A039FBACFB6CB49DFB59" box="[1090,1231,1174,1199]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
, sampled between
<location id="E15BC3D99072A039FF79FB41B0A9FB25" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C2D24149072A039FF79FD2FB4D5F855:E15BC3D99072A039FF79FB41B0A9FB25" box="[151,251,1210,1235]" name="Majunga" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" stateProvince="Cape">Majunga</location>
and
<collectingRegion id="26405BE09072A039FEC1FB40B13BFB25" box="[303,361,1211,1235]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Cape</collectingRegion>
Saint André)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="54EC9F5F9072A039FDE2FB41B4B3FB25" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1343648494" box="[524,1249,1210,1235]" location="Mahajamba Bay" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Cape">
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FDE2FB41B2CFFB25" bold="true" box="[524,669,1210,1235]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">IE-2007-811</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="F2825E8B9072A039FD43FB40B36BFB25" box="[685,825,1210,1235]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
, sampled in front of
<location id="E15BC3D99072A039FBF3FB41B48AFB25" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C2D24149072A039FF79FD2FB4D5F855:E15BC3D99072A039FBF3FB41B48AFB25" box="[1053,1240,1210,1235]" name="Mahajamba Bay" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" stateProvince="Cape">Mahajamba Bay</location>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="54EC9F5F9072A039FB02FB41B331FB01" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1343648499" location="Majunga" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FB02FB41B52CFB25" bold="true" box="[1260,1406,1210,1235]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">IE-2007-815</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="F2825E8B9072A039FA7EFB40B156FB01" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, sampled between
<location id="E15BC3D99072A039FE0AFB25B21AFB01" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C2D24149072A039FF79FD2FB4D5F855:E15BC3D99072A039FE0AFB25B21AFB01" box="[484,584,1246,1271]" name="Majunga" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" stateProvince="Cape">Majunga</location>
and
<collectingRegion id="26405BE09072A039FD69FB24B293FB01" box="[647,705,1247,1271]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Cape</collectingRegion>
Saint André)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="54EC9F5F9072A039FC9CFB25B116FAED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1343648488" location="Nazendry Bay" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Cape">
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FC9CFB25B457FB01" bold="true" box="[882,1029,1246,1271]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">IE-2007-821</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="F2825E8B9072A039FBF6FB24B4F8FB01" box="[1048,1194,1246,1271]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
, sampled in front of
<location id="E15BC3D99072A039FF79FAF9B16FFAED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C2D24149072A039FF79FD2FB4D5F855:E15BC3D99072A039FF79FAF9B16FFAED" box="[151,317,1282,1307]" name="Nazendry Bay" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" stateProvince="Cape">Nazendry Bay</location>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AC9EC6899072A039FF29FADDB4D5F855" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E43B95029072A039FF29FADDB15EF8AD" blockId="29.[151,1437,958,1955]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FF29FADDB166FAC9" bold="true" box="[199,308,1318,1343]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="2384EE819072A039FEAFFADDB19BFAC9" box="[321,457,1318,1343]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FEAFFADDB19BFAC9" box="[321,457,1318,1343]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Ypsilothuria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is thought to contain only two species:
<taxonomicName id="2384EE819072A039FC6AFADCB4FBFAC9" authority="Heding, 1942" authorityName="Heding" authorityYear="1942" box="[900,1193,1318,1343]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="talismani">
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FC6AFADCB455FAC9" box="[900,1031,1318,1343]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Y. talismani</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8015E8F39072A039FBE3FADDB4FBFAC9" author="Heding" box="[1037,1193,1318,1343]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" refString="Heding, S. G. (1942) Holothuroidea II, Aspidochirotida, Elasipoda, Dendrochirotida. The Danish Ingolf Expedition, 4, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1942">Heding, 1942</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which is soft bodied, and
<taxonomicName id="2384EE819072A039FF28FAB7B278FA95" authority="Ludwig, 1893" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1893" box="[198,554,1354,1379]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bitentaculata">
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FF28FAB7B126FA95" box="[198,372,1354,1379]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Y. bitentaculata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8015E8F39072A039FE6DFAB1B270FA95" author="Ludwig" box="[387,546,1354,1379]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" refString="Ludwig, H. (1893) Vorlaufiger Bericht uber die auf den Tiefsee Fahrten des &quot; Albatross &quot; (Fruhling 1891) im ostlichen Stillen Ocean erbeuteten Holothurien. Zoologische anzeiger, 16, 179 - 185." type="journal article" year="1893">Ludwig, 1893</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
which is ‘hard as a little echinoid’ according to
<bibRefCitation id="8015E8F39072A039FBAAFAB1B4B8FA95" author="Heding" box="[1092,1258,1354,1379]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" refString="Heding, S. G. (1942) Holothuroidea II, Aspidochirotida, Elasipoda, Dendrochirotida. The Danish Ingolf Expedition, 4, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1942">Heding (1942)</bibRefCitation>
. The specimens here under study clearly also have the ‘hard’ aspect of
<taxonomicName id="2384EE819072A039FD17FA94B3FAFA71" box="[761,936,1390,1415]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bitentaculata">
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FD17FA94B3FAFA71" box="[761,936,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Y. bitentaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(fig. 21A,B).
<bibRefCitation id="8015E8F39072A039FBABFA95B4BBFA71" author="Heding" box="[1093,1257,1390,1415]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" refString="Heding, S. G. (1942) Holothuroidea II, Aspidochirotida, Elasipoda, Dendrochirotida. The Danish Ingolf Expedition, 4, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1942">Heding (1942)</bibRefCitation>
recognized two subspecies in the latter species: the cosmopolitan
<taxonomicName id="2384EE819072A039FD2CFA6FB4C8FA5D" authority="R. Perrier, 1886" authorityName="R. Perrier" authorityYear="1886" box="[706,1178,1426,1451]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="bitentaculata" subSpecies="attenuata">
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FD2CFA6FB3B0FA5D" box="[706,994,1426,1451]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Y. bitentaculata attenuata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8015E8F39072A039FC07FA68B4C8FA5D" author="Perrier" box="[1001,1178,1426,1451]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" refString="Perrier, R. (1886) Les explorations sous-marines. Paris, 352 pp." type="book" year="1886">R. Perrier, 1886</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and the North Atlantic Y.
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FF59FA4DB184FA38" box="[183,470,1462,1487]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
<taxonomicName id="2384EE819072A039FF59FA4DB119FA39" box="[183,331,1462,1487]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bitentaculata">bitentaculata</taxonomicName>
virginiensis
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8015E8F39072A039FE30FA4DB22FFA39" author="Heding" box="[478,637,1462,1487]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" refString="Heding, S. G. (1942) Holothuroidea II, Aspidochirotida, Elasipoda, Dendrochirotida. The Danish Ingolf Expedition, 4, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1942">Heding, 1942</bibRefCitation>
. For Y.
<taxonomicName id="2384EE819072A039FD37FA4DB4C7FA39" authority="Heding (1942)" authorityName="Heding" authorityYear="1942" box="[729,1173,1462,1487]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="bitentaculata" subSpecies="attenuata">
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FD37FA4DB38DFA38" box="[729,991,1462,1487]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">bitentaculata attenuata</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="8015E8F39072A039FC01FA4DB4C7FA39" author="Heding" box="[1007,1173,1462,1487]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" refString="Heding, S. G. (1942) Holothuroidea II, Aspidochirotida, Elasipoda, Dendrochirotida. The Danish Ingolf Expedition, 4, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1942">Heding (1942)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
states that it is closely related to the
<taxonomicName id="2384EE819072A039FED9FA21B199FA05" box="[311,459,1498,1523]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bitentaculata">
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FED9FA21B199FA05" box="[311,459,1498,1523]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">bitentaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Indo-Pacific which he described earlier (
<bibRefCitation id="8015E8F39072A039FBFAFA21B561FA05" author="Ludwig" box="[1044,1331,1498,1523]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" refString="Ludwig, H. &amp; Heding, S. G. (1935) Die Holothurien der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. I. Fußlose und dendrochirote Formen. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer Valdivia 1898 - 1899. 24 (2), 123 - 214." type="journal article" year="1935">Ludwig &amp; Heding, 1935</bibRefCitation>
; see also
<bibRefCitation id="8015E8F39072A039FF79FA05B161F9E1" author="Heding" box="[151,307,1534,1559]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" refString="Heding, S. G. (1942) Holothuroidea II, Aspidochirotida, Elasipoda, Dendrochirotida. The Danish Ingolf Expedition, 4, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1942">Heding, 1942</bibRefCitation>
: textfig 27, 2) based on material collected in the
<collectingCountry id="9C93D5929072A039FCBEFA05B3E6F9E1" box="[848,948,1534,1559]" name="Tanzania" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
<collectingRegion id="26405BE09072A039FCBEFA05B3E6F9E1" box="[848,948,1534,1559]" country="Tanzania" name="Kaskazini Unguja" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Zanzibar</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
Channel. Our specimens fit well with those descriptions because their body wall thecal plates vary in length between
<quantity id="237C38E79072A039FC31F9D9B4C0F9CC" box="[991,1170,1570,1595]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="2250.0" valueMax="3000.0" valueMin="1500.0">
1500
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FBF9F9D9B477F9CD" bold="true" box="[1047,1061,1570,1595]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">–</emphasis>
3000 mm
</quantity>
(fig. 21C). This is also more or less in agreement with the measurements (scales can exceed
<quantity id="237C38E79072A039FC59F9BCB3A9F9A8" box="[951,1019,1607,1631]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
in length) that Cherbonnier &amp; Féral (1981) provide. On the other hand our specimens differ from other descriptions of
<taxonomicName id="2384EE819072A039FBD1F997B4BDF975" box="[1087,1263,1642,1667]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bitentaculata">
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FBD1F997B4BDF975" box="[1087,1263,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Y. bitentaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Indo- Pacific in that their thecal plates are more than twice as long (e.g. Pawson, 1965 reports on an average length of
<quantity id="237C38E79072A039FF79F948B155F93C" box="[151,263,1715,1739]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="1200.0">1200 mm</quantity>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8015E8F39072A039FEFBF949B197F93D" author="Thandar" box="[277,453,1714,1739]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1999) Deep-sea holothuroids taken by the R. V. Africana II in 1959, from off the West coast of the Cape Penninsula, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 10, 363 - 409." type="journal article" year="1999">Thandar (1999)</bibRefCitation>
gives a range between 900 and
<quantity id="237C38E79072A039FCD5F948B3F8F93D" box="[827,938,1715,1739]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="1270.0">1270 mm</quantity>
) or from the Mediterranean (
<bibRefCitation id="8015E8F39072A039FB14F949B5C5F93D" author="Massin" box="[1274,1431,1714,1739]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" refString="Massin, C. (1996) Holothuries (Echinodermata) recoltees sur le talus continental Mediterraneen (NW) lors de la campagne DEPRO 96. Mesoglee, 55, 43 - 48." type="journal article" year="1996">Massin, 1996</bibRefCitation>
; mean length of plates
<quantity id="237C38E79072A039FE60F92CB1AFF919" box="[398,509,1751,1775]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="1000.0">1000 mm</quantity>
), in that they often carry two spires, and in that these spires are, with a length up to
<quantity id="237C38E79072A039FF79F900B150F8E4" box="[151,258,1787,1811]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="1100.0">1100 mm</quantity>
, considerably higher then those reported by
<bibRefCitation id="8015E8F39072A039FD00F901B3C4F8E5" author="Ludwig" box="[750,918,1786,1811]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" refString="Ludwig, H. (1894) Reports on an exploration of the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands in charge of Alexander Agassiz by the US Fish Commission Steamer Albatros. XII. The Holothurioidea. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College Cambridge, 17, 1 - 183." type="journal article" year="1894">Ludwig (1894)</bibRefCitation>
(
<quantity id="237C38E79072A039FC4AF901B468F8E4" box="[932,1082,1786,1811]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="540.0" valueMax="580.0" valueMin="500.0">
500
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FC3EF901B38CF8E5" bold="true" box="[976,990,1786,1811]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">–</emphasis>
580 mm
</quantity>
high), Pawson (1965) (
<quantity id="237C38E79072A039FAD0F901B5CEF8E4" box="[1342,1436,1786,1811]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="500.0">500 mm</quantity>
high),
<bibRefCitation id="8015E8F39072A039FF0EF8E5B1C2F8C1" author="Thandar" box="[224,400,1822,1847]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1999) Deep-sea holothuroids taken by the R. V. Africana II in 1959, from off the West coast of the Cape Penninsula, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 10, 363 - 409." type="journal article" year="1999">Thandar (1999)</bibRefCitation>
(
<quantity id="237C38E79072A039FE71F8E5B1ACF8C0" box="[415,510,1822,1847]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="500.0">500 mm</quantity>
high), Cherbonnier and Féral (1981) (
<quantity id="237C38E79072A039FC40F8E4B45EF8C0" box="[942,1036,1823,1847]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
high) and
<bibRefCitation id="8015E8F39072A039FB68F8E5B57BF8C1" author="Massin" box="[1158,1321,1822,1847]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" refString="Massin, C. (1996) Holothuries (Echinodermata) recoltees sur le talus continental Mediterraneen (NW) lors de la campagne DEPRO 96. Mesoglee, 55, 43 - 48." type="journal article" year="1996">Massin (1996)</bibRefCitation>
(
<quantity id="237C38E79072A039FAD6F8E4B091F8AC" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="450.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="400.0">
400
<emphasis id="D6F049109072A039FA8AF8E5B520F8C1" bold="true" box="[1380,1394,1822,1847]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">–</emphasis>
500 mm
</quantity>
high).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E43B95029072A039FF29F89DB4D5F855" blockId="29.[151,1437,958,1955]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Given these differences we were tempted to erect a new species for our material. We however refrained from doing so until the material collected earlier in the Zanzibar Channel could also be studied.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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