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<mods:title id="CB794AEB7E81A8861FA37286E58165D4">An annotated checklist of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of Portugal, including Madeira and Azores Archipelagos</mods:title>
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<heading id="9655D017FFBFEB18C08AF3DA7B9EFA6D" bold="true" box="[151,432,1482,1508]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
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FAMILY 
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFBFEB18C10DF3DA7B9EFA6D" ID-CoL="8D9" ID-ENA="30189" box="[272,432,1482,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">COCCIDAE</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBFEB18C08AF0017876F9A0" blockId="3.[151,1436,1553,1757]" box="[151,600,1553,1577]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFBFEB18C08AF0017876F9A0" authority="Comstock, 1881" authorityName="Comstock" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,600,1553,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFBFEB18C08AF0017BB7F9A0" box="[151,409,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ceroplastes floridensis</emphasis>
Comstock, 1881
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<subSubSection id="85B834F0FFBFEB1EC0CDF0257BDDFDB5" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBFEB18C0CDF0257866F9C4" blockId="3.[151,1436,1553,1757]" box="[208,584,1589,1614]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Distribution: Azores and Madeira</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBFEB18C0CDF0497BA5F954" blockId="3.[151,1436,1553,1757]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
References: 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBFEB18C147F0497BDCF9F8" author="Green" box="[346,498,1625,1649]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Green, E. E. (1923) Observations on the Coccidae of the Madeira Islands. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 14, 87 ─ 99." type="journal article" year="1923">Green (1923)</bibRefCitation>
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, CAB (1982a), 
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Vieira 
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(1983)
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, 
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(1997), Carvalho &amp; Aguiar (1997), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBFEB18C4C4F06D7FB9F91C" author="Carvalho" box="[1241,1431,1661,1685]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Carvalho, J. P. (Ed.) (1999) Contribuicao para a proteccao integrada na Regiao Autonoma da Madeira. Secretaria Regional de Agricultura, Florestas e Pescas, Funchal, 363 pp." type="book" year="1999">Carvalho (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBFEB18C1D7F0B27899F930" box="[458,695,1697,1722]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Borges, P. A. V., Abreu, C., Aguiar, A. M. F., Carvalho, P., Jardim, R., Melo, I., Oliveira, P., Sergio, C., Serrano, A. R. M. &amp; Vieira, P. (Eds.) (2008). ALlist of theTterrestrial Fungi, Flora and Fauna of Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos. Direccao Regional do Ambiente da Madeira and Universidade dos Acores, Funchal and Angra do Heroismo" type="book">
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<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBFEB18C2DBF0B279E5F930" box="[710,971,1697,1721]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. &amp; Gibson, G. A. P. (2010) ScaleNet. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / scalenet / scalenet. htm (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article">
Ben-Dov 
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</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBFEB18C3C7F0B17F2DF930" author="Danzig" box="[986,1283,1697,1721]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Danzig, E. M. &amp; Watson, G. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Coccoidea. In: Karsholt, O. &amp; Nieukerken, E. J. van (eds.) Fauna Europaea: Hemiptera. Fauna Europaea version 1. 1, http: // www. faunaeur. org (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">Danzig &amp; Watson (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBFEB18C08AF11D780CF8AC" blockId="3.[151,1436,1805,1973]" box="[151,546,1805,1829]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFBFEB18C08AF11D780CF8AC" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,546,1805,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusci">
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFBFEB18C08AF11D7B72F8AC" box="[151,348,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ceroplastes rusci</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBFEB18C0CDF12178ECF8C0" blockId="3.[151,1436,1805,1973]" box="[208,706,1841,1866]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBFEB1FC0CDF14578D6FF5D" blockId="3.[151,1436,1805,1973]" lastBlockId="4.[208,1435,151,212]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB8EB1FC08AF714787DFE95" blockId="4.[151,1436,260,500]" box="[151,595,260,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFB8EB1FC08AF714787DFE95" authority="Del Guercio, 1900" authorityName="Del Guercio" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,595,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC08AF7147B53FE95" box="[151,381,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ceroplastes sinensis</emphasis>
Del Guercio, 1900
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB8EB1FC0CDF73778E4FEB6" blockId="4.[151,1436,260,500]" box="[208,714,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB8EB1FC0CDF75C7E3FFE7D" blockId="4.[151,1436,260,500]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC311F75C7969FEED" author="Neves" box="[780,839,332,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Neves, C. M. B. (1952) A proposito das ultimas contribuicoes para o estudo dos principais problemas da entomologia agricola portuguesa. Agros, 35 (4 / 6), 3 ─ 35." type="journal article" year="1952">1952</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC464F7A87F74FE46" box="[1145,1370,439,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Borges, P. A. V., Abreu, C., Aguiar, A. M. F., Carvalho, P., Jardim, R., Melo, I., Oliveira, P., Sergio, C., Serrano, A. R. M. &amp; Vieira, P. (Eds.) (2008). ALlist of theTterrestrial Fungi, Flora and Fauna of Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos. Direccao Regional do Ambiente da Madeira and Universidade dos Acores, Funchal and Angra do Heroismo" type="book">
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB8EB1FC08AF4357808FDB5" blockId="4.[151,1436,548,824]" box="[151,550,548,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFB8EB1FC08AF4357808FDB5" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,550,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperidum">
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC08AF4357B5DFDB5" box="[151,371,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Coccus hesperidum</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB8EB1FC0CDF45778E4FDD6" blockId="4.[151,1436,548,824]" box="[208,714,583,608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB8EB1FC0CDF47C7E3FFCBE" blockId="4.[151,1436,548,824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC34CF48079DFFD2E" author="Neves" box="[849,1009,655,679]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Neves, M. (1936 c) Les coccides du Portugal (Premiere liste). Bulletin de la Societe Portugaise des Sciences Natureles, 12 (26), 191 ─ 213." type="journal article" year="1936" yearSuffix="c">Neves (1936c</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC41DF49F7E15FD2E" author="Neves" box="[1024,1083,655,679]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Neves, C. M. B. (1952) A proposito das ultimas contribuicoes para o estudo dos principais problemas da entomologia agricola portuguesa. Agros, 35 (4 / 6), 3 ─ 35." type="journal article" year="1952">1952</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC457F49F7EABFD2E" author="Neves" box="[1098,1157,655,679]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Neves, C. M. B. (1954 a) A entomofauna das &quot; Exoticas &quot; em Portugal. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 4 (serie B), 191 ─ 196." type="journal article" year="1954" yearSuffix="a">1954</bibRefCitation>
a), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC4B4F49F7FB9FD2E" author="Balachowsky" box="[1193,1431,655,679]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Balachowsky, A. (1939) Les cochenilles de Madere (seconde partie). II - Lecaniinae - Eriococcinae - Dactylopinae - Ortheziinae - Margarodidae. Revue de Pathologie Vegetale et d'Entomologie Agricole de France, 25, 255 ─ 272." type="journal article" year="1939">Balachowsky (1939)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC0CDF4A57B59FD45" author="Fonseca" box="[208,375,692,716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Fonseca, V. C. (1953) Contribuicao para o estudo do Coccus hesperidum L. (Hemiptera, Coccoidea). I ─ Estudo sistematico e morfologico. Broteria (Ciencias Naturais), 22 (1 / 3): 1 ─ 114." type="journal article" year="1953">Fonseca (1953</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC199F4A47B91FD45" author="Fonseca" box="[388,447,692,716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Fonseca, V. C. (1955) Contribuicao para o estudo do Coccus hesperidum L. II- Subsidios para o estudo da sua biologia e ecologia. Broteria (Ciencias Naturais), 24, 38 ─ 51, 161 ─ 173." type="journal article" year="1955">1955</bibRefCitation>
), CAB (1972a), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC260F4A47965FD45" author="Guimaraes" box="[637,843,692,716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Guimaraes, J. A. M. (1973). Catalogo das pragas das culturas em Portugal, 1 ─ Insecta: pequenas ordens e Coccoidea. DGSA (Lab. Fitof.), Comis. Regul. Prod. Quim. Farmac., Lisboa. 299 pp." type="book" year="1973">Guimarães (1973)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC344F4A47E3EFD45" author="Carneiro" box="[857,1040,692,716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Carneiro, M. (1982) Pragas das culturas na Ilha de S. Miguel. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia, 7 (Supl. A), 7 ─ 33." type="journal article" year="1982">Carneiro (1982)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC400F4A47EF2FD45" author="Fernandes" box="[1053,1244,692,716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Fernandes, I. M. (1982) Contribuicao para o conhecimento da quermofauna do arquipelago dos Acores. Garcia de Orta, Serie Zoologia, 10 (1 ─ 2), 47 ─ 50." type="journal article" year="1982">Fernandes (1982</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC4F4F4A47F0BFD45" author="Fernandes" box="[1257,1317,692,716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Fernandes, I. M. (1992) Contribuicao para o conhecimento de Coccoidea (Homoptera) de Portugal. I - Lista anotada de cochonilhas do jardim do Centro de Zoologia. Garcia de Orta, Serie Zoologia, 17 (1 ─ 2), 59 ─ 63." type="journal article" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC524F4A47B6DFD66" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Vieira, R. M. S., Carmona, M. M. &amp; Pita, M. S. (1983) Sobre os coccideos do Arquipelago da Madeira (Homoptera, Coccoidea). Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, 35 (153), 81 ─ 162." type="journal article">
Vieira 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC595F4A57AC3FD79" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
(1983)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC14EF4C8783EFD66" author="Ben-Dov" box="[339,528,727,751]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (1993) A Systematic Catalogue of Soft Scale Insects of the World. Flora &amp; Fauna Handbook, No. 9. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 536 pp." type="book" year="1993">Ben-Dov (1993)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC23DF4C7791AFD66" author="Kozar" box="[544,820,727,751]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Kozar, F. &amp; Franco, J. C. (1995) Some new data to the scale insect fauna (Homoptera: Coccoidea) from Continental Portugal. Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 56, 69 ─ 74." type="journal article" year="1995">Kozár &amp; Franco (1995)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC35EF4C77E7FFD66" box="[835,1105,727,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Schanderl, H. J. C., Soares, A. O. &amp; Almeida, J. M. P. (1995) Identificacao de pragas dos citrinos em pomares da Ilha de S. Miguel (Acores). Acoreana, 8 (1), 89 ─ 93." type="journal article">
Schanderl 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC3A3F4C979D4FD79" box="[958,1018,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
(1995)
</bibRefCitation>
, Carvalho &amp; Aguiar (1997), Carvalho (1994, 1999), Carvalho 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC255F4ED78AEFC9D" box="[584,640,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
(1997), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC2C2F4ED79ACFC9D" author="Borges" box="[735,898,764,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Borges, P. A. V. (2005) Hemiptera - Sternorrhyncha (Coccoidea, Aleyrodoidea, Psylloidea). In: Borges, P. A. V., Cunha, R., Gabriel. R., Martins, A. F., Silva, L. &amp; Vieira, V. (Eds.) A list of the terrestrial fauna (Mollusca and Arthropoda) and flora (Bryophita, Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta) from the Azores. Direccao Regional do Ambiente and Universidade dos Acores, Horta, Angra do Heroismo and Ponta Delgada, pp. 193 ─ 194." type="journal article" year="2005">Borges (2005)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC393F4ED7E43FC9D" box="[910,1133,764,788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Franco, J. C., Garcia-Mari, F., Ramos, A. P. &amp; Besri, M. (2006) Survey on the situation of citrus pest management in Mediterranean countries. IOBC wprs Bulletin, 29 (3), 335 ─ 346." type="journal article">
Franco 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC3FFF4ED7E34FC9D" box="[994,1050,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC464F4ED7F74FC9D" box="[1145,1370,764,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Borges, P. A. V., Abreu, C., Aguiar, A. M. F., Carvalho, P., Jardim, R., Melo, I., Oliveira, P., Sergio, C., Serrano, A. R. M. &amp; Vieira, P. (Eds.) (2008). ALlist of theTterrestrial Fungi, Flora and Fauna of Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos. Direccao Regional do Ambiente da Madeira and Universidade dos Acores, Funchal and Angra do Heroismo" type="book">
Borges 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC4D2F4ED7F2EFC9D" box="[1231,1280,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
, Ben- Dov 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC11AF5317B16FCB1" box="[263,312,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
. (2010), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC183F50F7893FCBE" author="Danzig" box="[414,701,799,823]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Danzig, E. M. &amp; Watson, G. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Coccoidea. In: Karsholt, O. &amp; Nieukerken, E. J. van (eds.) Fauna Europaea: Hemiptera. Fauna Europaea version 1. 1, http: // www. faunaeur. org (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">Danzig &amp; Watson (2010)</bibRefCitation>
, Pellizzari &amp; Germain (2010).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB8EB1FC08AF5787BF2FCF6" blockId="4.[151,1436,871,1040]" box="[151,476,871,896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFB8EB1FC08AF5787BF2FCF6" authority="Green, 1889" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,476,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC08AF5787B16FC09" box="[151,312,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Coccus viridis</emphasis>
(Green, 1889)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB8EB1FC0CDF59C7866FC2D" blockId="4.[151,1436,871,1040]" box="[208,584,908,932]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution: Azores and Madeira</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB8EB1FC0CDF5BF7841FB86" blockId="4.[151,1436,871,1040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
References: 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC147F5BF7BDAFC4E" author="Vieira" box="[346,500,943,967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Vieira, R. (1953) Duas especies de coccideos novos para a Madeira. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Ciencias Naturais, 4, 2 ª serie, (2), 205 ─ 208." type="journal article" year="1953">Vieira (1953)</bibRefCitation>
, CAB (1972b), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC2BBF5BF7953FC4E" box="[678,893,943,968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Vieira, R. M. S., Carmona, M. M. &amp; Pita, M. S. (1983) Sobre os coccideos do Arquipelago da Madeira (Homoptera, Coccoidea). Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, 35 (153), 81 ─ 162." type="journal article">
Vieira 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC2EFF5A17904FC41" box="[754,810,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
(1983)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC394F5BF7EFCFC4E" author="Ferreira" box="[905,1234,943,967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Ferreira, M. C. &amp; Guimaraes, J. M. (1984) Pragas agricolas exoticas que ameacam o continente portugues e as ilhas adjacentes. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia II ─ 16 (46), 169 ─ 184." type="journal article" year="1984">Ferreira &amp; Guimarães (1984)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC4C0F5A17FB9FC4E" author="Ben-Dov" box="[1245,1431,943,968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (1993) A Systematic Catalogue of Soft Scale Insects of the World. Flora &amp; Fauna Handbook, No. 9. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 536 pp." type="book" year="1993">Ben-Dov (1993)</bibRefCitation>
, Carvalho 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC121F5C57B5AFC65" box="[316,372,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
(1997), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC1CEF5C478A2FC65" author="Carvalho" box="[467,652,980,1004]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Carvalho, J. P. (Ed.) (1999) Contribuicao para a proteccao integrada na Regiao Autonoma da Madeira. Secretaria Regional de Agricultura, Florestas e Pescas, Funchal, 363 pp." type="book" year="1999">Carvalho (1999)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC28AF5C57914FC65" author="Borges" box="[663,826,980,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Borges, P. A. V. (2005) Hemiptera - Sternorrhyncha (Coccoidea, Aleyrodoidea, Psylloidea). In: Borges, P. A. V., Cunha, R., Gabriel. R., Martins, A. F., Silva, L. &amp; Vieira, V. (Eds.) A list of the terrestrial fauna (Mollusca and Arthropoda) and flora (Bryophita, Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta) from the Azores. Direccao Regional do Ambiente and Universidade dos Acores, Horta, Angra do Heroismo and Ponta Delgada, pp. 193 ─ 194." type="journal article" year="2005">Borges (2005)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC358F5C57E0AFC65" box="[837,1060,980,1004]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Franco, J. C., Garcia-Mari, F., Ramos, A. P. &amp; Besri, M. (2006) Survey on the situation of citrus pest management in Mediterranean countries. IOBC wprs Bulletin, 29 (3), 335 ─ 346." type="journal article">
Franco 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC384F5C579FFFC65" box="[921,977,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC432F5C57F3EFC65" box="[1071,1296,980,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Borges, P. A. V., Abreu, C., Aguiar, A. M. F., Carvalho, P., Jardim, R., Melo, I., Oliveira, P., Sergio, C., Serrano, A. R. M. &amp; Vieira, P. (Eds.) (2008). ALlist of theTterrestrial Fungi, Flora and Fauna of Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos. Direccao Regional do Ambiente da Madeira and Universidade dos Acores, Funchal and Angra do Heroismo" type="book">
Borges 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC498F5C57E9BFC65" box="[1157,1205,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC506F5C57B6FFB86" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. &amp; Gibson, G. A. P. (2010) ScaleNet. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / scalenet / scalenet. htm (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article">
Ben-Dov 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC595F5C57ACBFB99" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC151F5E77845FB86" author="Danzig" box="[332,619,1015,1040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Danzig, E. M. &amp; Watson, G. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Coccoidea. In: Karsholt, O. &amp; Nieukerken, E. J. van (eds.) Fauna Europaea: Hemiptera. Fauna Europaea version 1. 1, http: // www. faunaeur. org (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">Danzig &amp; Watson (2010)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB8EB1FC08AF25078E5FBDE" blockId="4.[151,1436,1087,1220]" box="[151,715,1087,1112]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFB8EB1FC08AF2507B46FBD1" box="[151,360,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eriopeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festucae">
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC08AF2507B46FBD1" box="[151,360,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Eriopeltis festucae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1834)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB8EB1FC0CDF2747BFFFBF5" blockId="4.[151,1436,1087,1220]" box="[208,465,1124,1148]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution: Mainland</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB8EB1FC0CDF2977BB5FB4D" blockId="4.[151,1436,1087,1220]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
References: 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC146F2997BD4FB16" author="Neves" box="[347,506,1159,1184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Neves, M. (1936 b) Contribution a l´etude des Coccides du Portugal. III. Bulletin de la Societe Portugaise des Sciences Natureles, 12 (22), 171 ─ 173." type="journal article" year="1936" yearSuffix="b">Neves (1936b</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC218F2977862FB16" author="Neves" box="[517,588,1159,1183]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Neves, M. (1936 c) Les coccides du Portugal (Premiere liste). Bulletin de la Societe Portugaise des Sciences Natureles, 12 (26), 191 ─ 213." type="journal article" year="1936" yearSuffix="c">1936c</bibRefCitation>
), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC27CF297792EFB16" author="Seabra" box="[609,768,1159,1183]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Seabra, A. F. (1942) Contribuicao para o inventario da Fauna Lusitanica: Insecta, Homoptera (Coccidae). 1. Aditamento. Memorias e Estudos do Museu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra, 128, 1 ─ 2." type="journal article" year="1942">Seabra (1942)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC311F2977E14FB16" author="Kosztarab" box="[780,1082,1159,1183]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Kosztarab, M. &amp; Kozar, F. (1988) Scale Insects of Central Europe. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 456 pp." type="book" year="1988">Kosztarab &amp; Kozár (1988)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC45BF2997F6EFB16" box="[1094,1344,1159,1184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. &amp; Gibson, G. A. P. (2010) ScaleNet. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / scalenet / scalenet. htm (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article">
Ben-Dov 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC4A9F2997ECBFB29" box="[1204,1253,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC556F2977BB9FB4D" author="Danzig" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Danzig, E. M. &amp; Watson, G. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Coccoidea. In: Karsholt, O. &amp; Nieukerken, E. J. van (eds.) Fauna Europaea: Hemiptera. Fauna Europaea version 1. 1, http: // www. faunaeur. org (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">Danzig &amp; Watson (2010)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB8EB1FC08AF2E47846FA85" blockId="4.[151,1436,1268,1436]" box="[151,616,1268,1292]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFB8EB1FC08AF2E47846FA85" authority="Signoret, 1873" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,616,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eucalymnatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tesselatus">
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC08AF2E47B87FA85" box="[151,425,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Eucalymnatus tesselatus</emphasis>
(Signoret, 1873)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB8EB1FC0CDF3087BEDFAB9" blockId="4.[151,1436,1268,1436]" box="[208,451,1304,1328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution: Madeira</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB8EB1FC0CDF32C7836FA15" blockId="4.[151,1436,1268,1436]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
References: 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC141F32C7866FADD" author="Balachowsky" box="[348,584,1340,1364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Balachowsky, A. (1939) Les cochenilles de Madere (seconde partie). II - Lecaniinae - Eriococcinae - Dactylopinae - Ortheziinae - Margarodidae. Revue de Pathologie Vegetale et d'Entomologie Agricole de France, 25, 255 ─ 272." type="journal article" year="1939">Balachowsky (1939)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC248F32C791AFADD" author="Borchsenius" box="[597,820,1340,1364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Borchsenius, N. S. (1957) Subtribe mealybugs and scales (Coccoidea). Soft scale insects Coccidae. Zoologicheskii Institut Akademii Nauk SSSR n. s. 66, 493 pp (in Russian)" type="book" year="1957">Borchsenius (1957)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC35FF32C7E33FADD" box="[834,1053,1340,1364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Vieira, R. M. S., Carmona, M. M. &amp; Pita, M. S. (1983) Sobre os coccideos do Arquipelago da Madeira (Homoptera, Coccoidea). Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, 35 (153), 81 ─ 162." type="journal article">
Vieira 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC38DF32D79E7FADD" box="[912,969,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
(1983)
</bibRefCitation>
, Carvalho 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC487F32D7EFAFADD" box="[1178,1236,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
(1997), Carvalho &amp; Aguiar (1997), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC187F3717855FAF1" box="[410,635,1376,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Franco, J. C., Garcia-Mari, F., Ramos, A. P. &amp; Besri, M. (2006) Survey on the situation of citrus pest management in Mediterranean countries. IOBC wprs Bulletin, 29 (3), 335 ─ 346." type="journal article">
Franco 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC1F3F3717809FAF1" box="[494,551,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC29BF3717946FAF1" box="[646,872,1376,1401]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Borges, P. A. V., Abreu, C., Aguiar, A. M. F., Carvalho, P., Jardim, R., Melo, I., Oliveira, P., Sergio, C., Serrano, A. R. M. &amp; Vieira, P. (Eds.) (2008). ALlist of theTterrestrial Fungi, Flora and Fauna of Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos. Direccao Regional do Ambiente da Madeira and Universidade dos Acores, Funchal and Angra do Heroismo" type="book">
Borges 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC2C1F3717922FAF1" box="[732,780,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC369F3717E40FAF1" box="[884,1134,1376,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. &amp; Gibson, G. A. P. (2010) ScaleNet. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / scalenet / scalenet. htm (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article">
Ben-Dov 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC3FFF3717E3DFAF1" box="[994,1043,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC464F3707FB9FAF1" author="Danzig" box="[1145,1431,1376,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Danzig, E. M. &amp; Watson, G. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Coccoidea. In: Karsholt, O. &amp; Nieukerken, E. J. van (eds.) Fauna Europaea: Hemiptera. Fauna Europaea version 1. 1, http: // www. faunaeur. org (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">Danzig &amp; Watson (2010)</bibRefCitation>
, Pellizzari &amp; Germain (2010).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB8EB1FC08AF3DC780DFA6D" blockId="4.[151,1436,1484,1616]" box="[151,547,1484,1508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFB8EB1FC08AF3DC780DFA6D" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,547,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eulecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tiliae">
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC08AF3DC7B70FA6D" box="[151,350,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Eulecanium tiliae</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB8EB1FC0CDF3E07BFFF981" blockId="4.[151,1436,1484,1616]" box="[208,465,1520,1544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution: Mainland</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB8EB1FC0CDF0047BDDF9D9" blockId="4.[151,1436,1484,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
References: 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC17CF0057822F9A5" author="Neves" box="[353,524,1556,1580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Neves, M. (1936 c) Les coccides du Portugal (Premiere liste). Bulletin de la Societe Portugaise des Sciences Natureles, 12 (26), 191 ─ 213." type="journal article" year="1936" yearSuffix="c">Neves (1936c)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC203F00478EAF9A5" author="Seabra" box="[542,708,1556,1580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Seabra, A. F. (1942) Contribuicao para o inventario da Fauna Lusitanica: Insecta, Homoptera (Coccidae). 1. Aditamento. Memorias e Estudos do Museu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra, 128, 1 ─ 2." type="journal article" year="1942">Seabra (1942)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC2CBF0047987F9A5" author="Guimaraes" box="[726,937,1556,1580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Guimaraes, J. A. M. (1973). Catalogo das pragas das culturas em Portugal, 1 ─ Insecta: pequenas ordens e Coccoidea. DGSA (Lab. Fitof.), Comis. Regul. Prod. Quim. Farmac., Lisboa. 299 pp." type="book" year="1973">Guimarães (1973)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC3A7F0057E54F9A5" author="Ben-Dov" box="[954,1146,1556,1580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (1993) A Systematic Catalogue of Soft Scale Insects of the World. Flora &amp; Fauna Handbook, No. 9. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 536 pp." type="book" year="1993">Ben-Dov (1993)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC491F0057FB9F9A5" box="[1164,1431,1556,1580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. &amp; Gibson, G. A. P. (2010) ScaleNet. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / scalenet / scalenet. htm (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article">
Ben-Dov 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC51DF0057F19F9A5" box="[1280,1335,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC0CDF0287BC1F9D9" author="Danzig" box="[208,495,1592,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Danzig, E. M. &amp; Watson, G. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Coccoidea. In: Karsholt, O. &amp; Nieukerken, E. J. van (eds.) Fauna Europaea: Hemiptera. Fauna Europaea version 1. 1, http: // www. faunaeur. org (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">Danzig &amp; Watson (2010)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB8EB1FC08AF0907821F911" blockId="4.[151,1436,1664,1796]" box="[151,527,1664,1688]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFB8EB1FC08AF0907821F911" authority="Signoret, 1873" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,527,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Lichtensia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viburni">
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC08AF0907B4AF911" box="[151,356,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Lichtensia viburni</emphasis>
Signoret, 1873
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB8EB1FC0CDF0B47BFFF935" blockId="4.[151,1436,1664,1796]" box="[208,465,1700,1724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution: Mainland</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB8EB1FC0CDF0D87841F88D" blockId="4.[151,1436,1664,1796]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
References: 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC147F0D87BD0F969" author="Seabra" box="[346,510,1736,1760]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Seabra, A. F. (1930 a) Apontamentos para o estudo das cochonilhas de Portugal (Hemipteros - Homopteros). Arquivos da Seccao de Biologia e Parasitologia do Museu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra, 1 (2), 143 ─ 148." type="journal article" year="1930" yearSuffix="a">Seabra (1930a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC214F0D8786AF969" author="Seabra" box="[521,580,1736,1760]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Seabra, A. F. (1941) Contribuicao para o inventario da Fauna Lusitanica: Insecta, Homoptera (Coccidae). Memorias e Estudos do Museu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra, 125, 1 ─ 9." type="journal article" year="1941">1941</bibRefCitation>
), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC245F0D978D0F969" author="Neves" box="[600,766,1736,1760]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Neves, M. (1936 c) Les coccides du Portugal (Premiere liste). Bulletin de la Societe Portugaise des Sciences Natureles, 12 (26), 191 ─ 213." type="journal article" year="1936" yearSuffix="c">Neves (1936c)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC314F0D879F8F969" author="Guimaraes" box="[777,982,1736,1760]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Guimaraes, J. A. M. (1973). Catalogo das pragas das culturas em Portugal, 1 ─ Insecta: pequenas ordens e Coccoidea. DGSA (Lab. Fitof.), Comis. Regul. Prod. Quim. Farmac., Lisboa. 299 pp." type="book" year="1973">Guimarães (1973)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC3FFF0D87F21F969" author="Kosztarab" box="[994,1295,1736,1760]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Kosztarab, M. &amp; Kozar, F. (1988) Scale Insects of Central Europe. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 456 pp." type="book" year="1988">Kosztarab &amp; Kozár (1988)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC507F0D97B6FF88D" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. &amp; Gibson, G. A. P. (2010) ScaleNet. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / scalenet / scalenet. htm (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article">
Ben-Dov 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC595F0D97ACBF88D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC151F0FC7845F88D" author="Danzig" box="[332,619,1772,1796]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Danzig, E. M. &amp; Watson, G. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Coccoidea. In: Karsholt, O. &amp; Nieukerken, E. J. van (eds.) Fauna Europaea: Hemiptera. Fauna Europaea version 1. 1, http: // www. faunaeur. org (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">Danzig &amp; Watson (2010)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB8EB1FC08AF124781EF8C5" blockId="4.[151,1176,1844,1940]" box="[151,560,1844,1868]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFB8EB1FC08AF124781EF8C5" authority="Green, 1916" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,560,1844,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parafairmairia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC08AF1247BB1F8C5" box="[151,415,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Parafairmairia gracilis</emphasis>
Green, 1916
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB8EB1FC0CDF1477BFFF8E6" blockId="4.[151,1176,1844,1940]" box="[208,465,1879,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution: Mainland</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB8EB1FC0CDF16C7EB6F81D" blockId="4.[151,1176,1844,1940]" box="[208,1176,1916,1940]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
References: 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC146F16C784AF81D" author="Kozar" box="[347,612,1916,1940]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Kozar, F. &amp; Franco, J. C. (1995) Some new data to the scale insect fauna (Homoptera: Coccoidea) from Continental Portugal. Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 56, 69 ─ 74." type="journal article" year="1995">Kozár &amp; Franco (1995)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC26DF16D7944F81D" box="[624,874,1916,1940]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. &amp; Gibson, G. A. P. (2010) ScaleNet. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / scalenet / scalenet. htm (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article">
Ben-Dov 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB8EB1FC2C3F16D7920F81D" box="[734,782,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB8EB1FC368F16C7EBAF81D" author="Danzig" box="[885,1172,1916,1940]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Danzig, E. M. &amp; Watson, G. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Coccoidea. In: Karsholt, O. &amp; Nieukerken, E. J. van (eds.) Fauna Europaea: Hemiptera. Fauna Europaea version 1. 1, http: // www. faunaeur. org (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">Danzig &amp; Watson (2010)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC08AF6897808FF26" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,356]" box="[151,550,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFB9EB1EC08AF6897808FF26" authority="Nietner, 1861" authorityName="Nietner" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,550,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parasaissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC08AF6897B5DFF39" box="[151,371,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Parasaissetia nigra</emphasis>
(Nietner, 1861)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC0CDF6AC78ECFF5D" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,356]" box="[208,706,188,212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC0CDF6CF7991FEED" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,356]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
References: 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC17FF6CF782CFF7E" author="Green" box="[354,514,223,247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Green, E. E. (1923) Observations on the Coccidae of the Madeira Islands. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 14, 87 ─ 99." type="journal article" year="1923">Green (1923)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC208F6CF7929FF7E" author="Balachowsky" box="[533,775,223,247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Balachowsky, A. (1939) Les cochenilles de Madere (seconde partie). II - Lecaniinae - Eriococcinae - Dactylopinae - Ortheziinae - Margarodidae. Revue de Pathologie Vegetale et d'Entomologie Agricole de France, 25, 255 ─ 272." type="journal article" year="1939">Balachowsky (1939)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC306F6F0799DFF7E" author="Neves" box="[795,947,223,247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Neves, C. M. B. (1952) A proposito das ultimas contribuicoes para o estudo dos principais problemas da entomologia agricola portuguesa. Agros, 35 (4 / 6), 3 ─ 35." type="journal article" year="1952">Neves (1952</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC3DBF6CF7E20FF7E" author="Neves" box="[966,1038,223,247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Neves, C. M. B. (1954 a) A entomofauna das &quot; Exoticas &quot; em Portugal. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 4 (serie B), 191 ─ 196." type="journal article" year="1954" yearSuffix="a">1954a</bibRefCitation>
), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC434F6CF7F21FF7E" author="Borchsenius" box="[1065,1295,223,247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Borchsenius, N. S. (1957) Subtribe mealybugs and scales (Coccoidea). Soft scale insects Coccidae. Zoologicheskii Institut Akademii Nauk SSSR n. s. 66, 493 pp (in Russian)" type="book" year="1957">Borchsenius (1957)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC53FF6CF7B32FE95" author="Guimaraes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Guimaraes, J. A. M. (1973). Catalogo das pragas das culturas em Portugal, 1 ─ Insecta: pequenas ordens e Coccoidea. DGSA (Lab. Fitof.), Comis. Regul. Prod. Quim. Farmac., Lisboa. 299 pp." type="book" year="1973">Guimarães (1973)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC137F7147829FE95" box="[298,519,260,284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Vieira, R. M. S., Carmona, M. M. &amp; Pita, M. S. (1983) Sobre os coccideos do Arquipelago da Madeira (Homoptera, Coccoidea). Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, 35 (153), 81 ─ 162." type="journal article">
Vieira 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC165F7157B9DFE95" box="[376,435,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(1983)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC208F71478F3FE95" author="Fernandes" box="[533,733,260,284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Fernandes, I. M. (1992) Contribuicao para o conhecimento de Coccoidea (Homoptera) de Portugal. I - Lista anotada de cochonilhas do jardim do Centro de Zoologia. Garcia de Orta, Serie Zoologia, 17 (1 ─ 2), 59 ─ 63." type="journal article" year="1992">Fernandes (1992)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC2F6F7157988FE95" author="Ben-Dov" box="[747,934,260,284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (1993) A Systematic Catalogue of Soft Scale Insects of the World. Flora &amp; Fauna Handbook, No. 9. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 536 pp." type="book" year="1993">Ben-Dov (1993)</bibRefCitation>
, Carvalho 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC439F7157E70FE95" box="[1060,1118,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(1997), Carvalho &amp; Aguiar (1997), CABI (1997), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC1D7F73778ABFEB6" author="Carvalho" box="[458,645,295,319]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Carvalho, J. P. (Ed.) (1999) Contribuicao para a proteccao integrada na Regiao Autonoma da Madeira. Secretaria Regional de Agricultura, Florestas e Pescas, Funchal, 363 pp." type="book" year="1999">Carvalho (1999)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC28CF738791AFEB6" author="Borges" box="[657,820,295,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Borges, P. A. V. (2005) Hemiptera - Sternorrhyncha (Coccoidea, Aleyrodoidea, Psylloidea). In: Borges, P. A. V., Cunha, R., Gabriel. R., Martins, A. F., Silva, L. &amp; Vieira, V. (Eds.) A list of the terrestrial fauna (Mollusca and Arthropoda) and flora (Bryophita, Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta) from the Azores. Direccao Regional do Ambiente and Universidade dos Acores, Horta, Angra do Heroismo and Ponta Delgada, pp. 193 ─ 194." type="journal article" year="2005">Borges (2005)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC35DF7387E0FFEB6" box="[832,1057,295,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Franco, J. C., Garcia-Mari, F., Ramos, A. P. &amp; Besri, M. (2006) Survey on the situation of citrus pest management in Mediterranean countries. IOBC wprs Bulletin, 29 (3), 335 ─ 346." type="journal article">
Franco 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC389F73979E3FEC9" box="[916,973,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC431F7387F21FEB6" box="[1068,1295,295,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Borges, P. A. V., Abreu, C., Aguiar, A. M. F., Carvalho, P., Jardim, R., Melo, I., Oliveira, P., Sergio, C., Serrano, A. R. M. &amp; Vieira, P. (Eds.) (2008). ALlist of theTterrestrial Fungi, Flora and Fauna of Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos. Direccao Regional do Ambiente da Madeira and Universidade dos Acores, Funchal and Angra do Heroismo" type="book">
Borges 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC49EF7397E9AFEC9" box="[1155,1204,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC507F7387B6FFEED" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. &amp; Gibson, G. A. P. (2010) ScaleNet. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / scalenet / scalenet. htm (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article">
Ben-Dov 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC595F7397ACBFEED" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC151F75C7844FEED" author="Danzig" box="[332,618,332,356]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Danzig, E. M. &amp; Watson, G. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Coccoidea. In: Karsholt, O. &amp; Nieukerken, E. J. van (eds.) Fauna Europaea: Hemiptera. Fauna Europaea version 1. 1, http: // www. faunaeur. org (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">Danzig &amp; Watson (2010)</bibRefCitation>
, Pellizzari &amp; Germain (2010).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC08AF7847873FE25" blockId="5.[151,1436,404,572]" box="[151,605,404,428]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFB9EB1EC08AF7847873FE25" authority="Bouche, 1844" authorityName="Bouche" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,605,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corni">
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC08AF7847B86FE25" box="[151,424,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Parthenolecanium corni</emphasis>
(Bouché, 1844)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC0CDF7A77BFFFE46" blockId="5.[151,1436,404,572]" box="[208,465,439,463]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution: Mainland</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC0CDF7CC7BDDFDB5" blockId="5.[151,1436,404,572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
References: 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC140F7CC7822FE7D" author="Almeida" box="[349,524,476,500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Almeida, E. S. (1934) Curso de doencas das plantas e seus tratamentos. Escola de Regentes Agricolas de Santarem, Santarem, 453 pp." type="book" year="1934">Almeida (1934</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC207F7CC787BFE7D" author="Almeida" box="[538,597,476,500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Almeida, E. S. (1935) Subsidios para o estudo da quermofauna do Ribatejo: primeira lista das cochonilhas da Regiao de Santarem. Arquivos da Seccao de Biologia e Parasitologia do Museu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra, 2, 165 ─ 171." type="journal article" year="1935">1935</bibRefCitation>
), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC276F7CD7922FE7D" author="Neves" box="[619,780,476,500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Neves, M. (1936 a) Contribution a l´etude des Coccides du Portugal. II. Bulletin de la Societe Portugaise des Sciences Natureles, 12 (15), 119 ─ 120." type="journal article" year="1936" yearSuffix="a">Neves (1936a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC307F7CC794EFE7D" author="Neves" box="[794,864,476,500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Neves, M. (1936 c) Les coccides du Portugal (Premiere liste). Bulletin de la Societe Portugaise des Sciences Natureles, 12 (26), 191 ─ 213." type="journal article" year="1936" yearSuffix="c">1936c</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC372F7CC7999FE7D" author="Neves" box="[879,951,476,500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Neves, C. M. B. (1954 a) A entomofauna das &quot; Exoticas &quot; em Portugal. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 4 (serie B), 191 ─ 196." type="journal article" year="1954" yearSuffix="a">1954a</bibRefCitation>
), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC3D0F7CC7E49FE7D" author="Seabra" box="[973,1127,476,500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Seabra, A. F. (1941) Contribuicao para o inventario da Fauna Lusitanica: Insecta, Homoptera (Coccidae). Memorias e Estudos do Museu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra, 125, 1 ─ 9." type="journal article" year="1941">Seabra (1941</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC468F7CC7E9FFE7D" author="Seabra" box="[1141,1201,476,500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Seabra, A. F. (1942) Contribuicao para o inventario da Fauna Lusitanica: Insecta, Homoptera (Coccidae). 1. Aditamento. Memorias e Estudos do Museu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra, 128, 1 ─ 2." type="journal article" year="1942">1942</bibRefCitation>
), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC4DAF7CC7FB9FE7D" author="Guimaraes" box="[1223,1431,476,500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Guimaraes, J. A. M. (1973). Catalogo das pragas das culturas em Portugal, 1 ─ Insecta: pequenas ordens e Coccoidea. DGSA (Lab. Fitof.), Comis. Regul. Prod. Quim. Farmac., Lisboa. 299 pp." type="book" year="1973">Guimarães (1973)</bibRefCitation>
, Carvalho (1994), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC183F7EF789AFD9E" author="Kozar" box="[414,692,511,535]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Kozar, F. &amp; Franco, J. C. (1995) Some new data to the scale insect fauna (Homoptera: Coccoidea) from Continental Portugal. Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 56, 69 ─ 74." type="journal article" year="1995">Kozár &amp; Franco (1995)</bibRefCitation>
, Carvalho 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC32BF411795DFD91" box="[822,883,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(1997), CABI (1999a), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC48CF4107FB9FD9E" box="[1169,1431,511,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. &amp; Gibson, G. A. P. (2010) ScaleNet. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / scalenet / scalenet. htm (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article">
Ben-Dov 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC51EF4117F16FD91" box="[1283,1336,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC0CDF4347BC1FDB5" author="Danzig" box="[208,495,548,572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Danzig, E. M. &amp; Watson, G. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Coccoidea. In: Karsholt, O. &amp; Nieukerken, E. J. van (eds.) Fauna Europaea: Hemiptera. Fauna Europaea version 1. 1, http: // www. faunaeur. org (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">Danzig &amp; Watson (2010)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="85B834F0FFB9EB1EC08AF47C78B0FD0D" box="[151,670,620,644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC08AF47C78B0FD0D" blockId="5.[151,1437,620,753]" box="[151,670,620,644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFB9EB1EC08AF47C78B0FD0D" ID-CoL="4DTVQ" authority="Cockerell, 1898" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1898" box="[151,670,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perlatum">
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC08AF47C7BFFFD0D" box="[151,465,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Parthenolecanium perlatum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC1FDF47C78B8FD0D" author="Cockerell" box="[480,662,620,644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1898). Two new scale insects. The Entomologist, 31, 65 ─ 66." type="journal article" year="1898">Cockerell, 1898</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="85B834F0FFB9EB1DC0CDF49F7EB6FDD6" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC0CDF49F7B9BFD21" blockId="5.[151,1437,620,753]" box="[208,437,655,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution: Azores</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC0CDF4A47F12FD66" blockId="5.[151,1437,620,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
References: 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC146F4A47832FD45" author="Cockerell" box="[347,540,692,716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1898). Two new scale insects. The Entomologist, 31, 65 ─ 66." type="journal article" year="1898">Cockerell (1898)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC235F4A478C5FD45" author="Almeida" box="[552,747,692,716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Almeida, J. V. (1898 b) Cochenilhas parasitas (cont.). A Agricultura Contemporanea, 8 (12), 471 ─ 481." type="journal article" year="1898" yearSuffix="b">Almeida (1898b)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC2EAF4A4798EFD45" author="Fernald" box="[759,928,692,716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Fernald, M. E. (1903) A catalogue of the Coccidae of the World. Bulletin of the Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, 88, 1 ─ 360." type="journal article" year="1903">Fernald (1903)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC3B1F4A47E41FD45" author="Lindinger" box="[940,1135,692,716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Lindinger, L. (1912) Die Schildlause (Coccidae) Europas, Nordafrikas und Vorderasiens, einschiesslich der Azoren, der Kanaren und Madeiras. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 388 pp." type="book" year="1912">Lindinger (1912)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC466F4A47F77FD45" author="Borchsenius" box="[1147,1369,692,716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Borchsenius, N. S. (1957) Subtribe mealybugs and scales (Coccoidea). Soft scale insects Coccidae. Zoologicheskii Institut Akademii Nauk SSSR n. s. 66, 493 pp (in Russian)" type="book" year="1957">Borchsenius (1957)</bibRefCitation>
, Ben- 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC0CDF4C97B7DFD66" author="Dov" box="[208,339,727,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (1993) A Systematic Catalogue of Soft Scale Insects of the World. Flora &amp; Fauna Handbook, No. 9. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 536 pp." type="book" year="1993">Dov (1993)</bibRefCitation>
, Carvalho 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC1D0F4C9782BFD79" box="[461,517,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(1997), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC278F4C97926FD66" author="Borges" box="[613,776,727,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Borges, P. A. V. (2005) Hemiptera - Sternorrhyncha (Coccoidea, Aleyrodoidea, Psylloidea). In: Borges, P. A. V., Cunha, R., Gabriel. R., Martins, A. F., Silva, L. &amp; Vieira, V. (Eds.) A list of the terrestrial fauna (Mollusca and Arthropoda) and flora (Bryophita, Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta) from the Azores. Direccao Regional do Ambiente and Universidade dos Acores, Horta, Angra do Heroismo and Ponta Delgada, pp. 193 ─ 194." type="journal article" year="2005">Borges (2005)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC30EF4C97E20FD66" box="[787,1038,727,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. &amp; Gibson, G. A. P. (2010) ScaleNet. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / scalenet / scalenet. htm (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article">
Ben-Dov 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC39CF4C9799CFD79" box="[897,946,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC404F4C77F16FD66" author="Danzig" box="[1049,1336,727,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Danzig, E. M. &amp; Watson, G. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Coccoidea. In: Karsholt, O. &amp; Nieukerken, E. J. van (eds.) Fauna Europaea: Hemiptera. Fauna Europaea version 1. 1, http: // www. faunaeur. org (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">Danzig &amp; Watson (2010)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC08AF53078BDFCBE" blockId="5.[151,1436,799,1004]" box="[151,659,799,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFB9EB1EC08AF53078BDFCBE" authority="Fabricius, 1776" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1776" box="[151,659,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persicae">
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC08AF5307BE5FCB1" box="[151,459,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Parthenolecanium persicae</emphasis>
(Fabricius, 1776)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC0CDF554784AFCD5" blockId="5.[151,1436,799,1004]" box="[208,612,836,860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution: Mainland and Madeira</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC0CDF5777B0CFC65" blockId="5.[151,1436,799,1004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
References: 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC141F5777824FCF6" author="Almeida" box="[348,522,871,895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Almeida, E. S. (1934) Curso de doencas das plantas e seus tratamentos. Escola de Regentes Agricolas de Santarem, Santarem, 453 pp." type="book" year="1934">Almeida (1934</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC20AF577787CFCF6" author="Almeida" box="[535,594,871,895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Almeida, E. S. (1935) Subsidios para o estudo da quermofauna do Ribatejo: primeira lista das cochonilhas da Regiao de Santarem. Arquivos da Seccao de Biologia e Parasitologia do Museu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra, 2, 165 ─ 171." type="journal article" year="1935">1935</bibRefCitation>
), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC275F5787928FCF6" author="Neves" box="[616,774,871,895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Neves, M. (1936 c) Les coccides du Portugal (Premiere liste). Bulletin de la Societe Portugaise des Sciences Natureles, 12 (26), 191 ─ 213." type="journal article" year="1936" yearSuffix="c">Neves (1936c</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC309F5777961FCF6" author="Neves" box="[788,847,871,895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Neves, C. M. B. (1952) A proposito das ultimas contribuicoes para o estudo dos principais problemas da entomologia agricola portuguesa. Agros, 35 (4 / 6), 3 ─ 35." type="journal article" year="1952">1952</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC341F57779B9FCF6" author="Neves" box="[860,919,871,895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Neves, C. M. B. (1954 a) A entomofauna das &quot; Exoticas &quot; em Portugal. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 4 (serie B), 191 ─ 196." type="journal article" year="1954" yearSuffix="a">1954</bibRefCitation>
a), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC3A4F5777E75FCF6" author="Seabra" box="[953,1115,871,895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Seabra, A. F. (1941) Contribuicao para o inventario da Fauna Lusitanica: Insecta, Homoptera (Coccidae). Memorias e Estudos do Museu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra, 125, 1 ─ 9." type="journal article" year="1941">Seabra (1941)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC475F5777F2AFCF6" author="Vieira" box="[1128,1284,871,895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Vieira, R. (1953) Duas especies de coccideos novos para a Madeira. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Ciencias Naturais, 4, 2 ª serie, (2), 205 ─ 208." type="journal article" year="1953">Vieira (1953)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC50FF5777B32FC2D" author="Borchsenius" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Borchsenius, N. S. (1957) Subtribe mealybugs and scales (Coccoidea). Soft scale insects Coccidae. Zoologicheskii Institut Akademii Nauk SSSR n. s. 66, 493 pp (in Russian)" type="book" year="1957">Borchsenius (1957)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC133F59C782EFC2D" author="Guimaraes" box="[302,512,908,932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Guimaraes, J. A. M. (1973). Catalogo das pragas das culturas em Portugal, 1 ─ Insecta: pequenas ordens e Coccoidea. DGSA (Lab. Fitof.), Comis. Regul. Prod. Quim. Farmac., Lisboa. 299 pp." type="book" year="1973">Guimarães (1973)</bibRefCitation>
, CABI (1979), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC2DDF59C7987FC2D" box="[704,937,908,932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Vieira, R. M. S., Carmona, M. M. &amp; Pita, M. S. (1983) Sobre os coccideos do Arquipelago da Madeira (Homoptera, Coccoidea). Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, 35 (153), 81 ─ 162." type="journal article">
Vieira 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC30EF59D797FFC2D" box="[787,849,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(1983)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC3A6F59D7E55FC2D" author="Ben-Dov" box="[955,1147,908,932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (1993) A Systematic Catalogue of Soft Scale Insects of the World. Flora &amp; Fauna Handbook, No. 9. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 536 pp." type="book" year="1993">Ben-Dov (1993)</bibRefCitation>
, Carvalho 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC51DF59D7F10FC2D" box="[1280,1342,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(1997), Carvalho (1994, 1999), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC1FDF5A178EAFC4E" box="[480,708,943,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Franco, J. C., Garcia-Mari, F., Ramos, A. P. &amp; Besri, M. (2006) Survey on the situation of citrus pest management in Mediterranean countries. IOBC wprs Bulletin, 29 (3), 335 ─ 346." type="journal article">
Franco 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC22BF5A17841FC41" box="[566,623,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC2CCF5A17996FC4E" box="[721,952,943,969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Borges, P. A. V., Abreu, C., Aguiar, A. M. F., Carvalho, P., Jardim, R., Melo, I., Oliveira, P., Sergio, C., Serrano, A. R. M. &amp; Vieira, P. (Eds.) (2008). ALlist of theTterrestrial Fungi, Flora and Fauna of Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos. Direccao Regional do Ambiente da Madeira and Universidade dos Acores, Funchal and Angra do Heroismo" type="book">
Borges 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC334F5A17975FC41" box="[809,859,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC3D9F5A17EECFC4E" box="[964,1218,943,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. &amp; Gibson, G. A. P. (2010) ScaleNet. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / scalenet / scalenet. htm (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article">
Ben-Dov 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC429F5A17E48FC41" box="[1076,1126,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC4D2F5BF7B30FC65" author="Danzig" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Danzig, E. M. &amp; Watson, G. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Coccoidea. In: Karsholt, O. &amp; Nieukerken, E. J. van (eds.) Fauna Europaea: Hemiptera. Fauna Europaea version 1. 1, http: // www. faunaeur. org (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">Danzig &amp; Watson (2010)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC08AF20C78BCFBBD" blockId="5.[151,658,1052,1149]" box="[151,658,1052,1076]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFB9EB1EC08AF20C78BCFBBD" authority="Cockerell, 1903" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,658,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufulum">
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC08AF20C7BE8FBBD" box="[151,454,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Parthenolecanium rufulum</emphasis>
(Cockerell, 1903)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC0CDF22F7BEDFBDE" blockId="5.[151,658,1052,1149]" box="[208,451,1087,1111]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution: Madeira</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC0CDF274786CFBF5" blockId="5.[151,658,1052,1149]" box="[208,578,1124,1149]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
References: 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC146F2757810FBF5" box="[347,574,1124,1149]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Borges, P. A. V., Abreu, C., Aguiar, A. M. F., Carvalho, P., Jardim, R., Melo, I., Oliveira, P., Sergio, C., Serrano, A. R. M. &amp; Vieira, P. (Eds.) (2008). ALlist of theTterrestrial Fungi, Flora and Fauna of Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos. Direccao Regional do Ambiente da Madeira and Universidade dos Acores, Funchal and Angra do Heroismo" type="book">
Borges 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC1ACF2757BCCFBF5" box="[433,482,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC08AF2BD781DFB4D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1196,1329]" box="[151,563,1196,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFB9EB1EC08AF2BD781DFB4D" authority="Balachowsky, 1937" authorityName="Balachowsky" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,563,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Poaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunhii">
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC08AF2BD7B13FB4D" box="[151,317,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Poaspis cunhii</emphasis>
(Balachowsky, 1937)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC0CDF2DF7BEDFB6E" blockId="5.[151,1436,1196,1329]" box="[208,451,1231,1255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution: Madeira</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC0CDF2E47E11FAB9" blockId="5.[151,1436,1196,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
References: 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC140F2E47860FA85" author="Balachowsky" box="[349,590,1268,1292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Balachowsky, A. (1937 b) Contribution a l'etude des coccides du Nord-Africain, XVII: Sur une Luzulaspis noveau des hautes montagnes de Madere. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 42, 116 ─ 118." type="journal article" year="1937" yearSuffix="b">Balachowsky (1937b</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC246F2E478B9FA85" author="Balachowsky" box="[603,663,1268,1292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Balachowsky, A. (1939) Les cochenilles de Madere (seconde partie). II - Lecaniinae - Eriococcinae - Dactylopinae - Ortheziinae - Margarodidae. Revue de Pathologie Vegetale et d'Entomologie Agricole de France, 25, 255 ─ 272." type="journal article" year="1939">1939</bibRefCitation>
), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC2B0F2E479A3FA85" author="Borchsenius" box="[685,909,1268,1292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Borchsenius, N. S. (1957) Subtribe mealybugs and scales (Coccoidea). Soft scale insects Coccidae. Zoologicheskii Institut Akademii Nauk SSSR n. s. 66, 493 pp (in Russian)" type="book" year="1957">Borchsenius (1957)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC386F2E47E15FA85" author="Koteja" box="[923,1083,1268,1292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Koteja, J. (1979) A revision of the genus Poaspis Koteja (Homoptera, Coccidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 49, 451 ─ 474." type="journal article" year="1979">Koteja (1979)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC454F2E47F09FA85" box="[1097,1319,1268,1292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Vieira, R. M. S., Carmona, M. M. &amp; Pita, M. S. (1983) Sobre os coccideos do Arquipelago da Madeira (Homoptera, Coccoidea). Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, 35 (153), 81 ─ 162." type="journal article">
Vieira 
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(1983)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC528F2E57B32FAB9" author="Ben-Dov" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (1993) A Systematic Catalogue of Soft Scale Insects of the World. Flora &amp; Fauna Handbook, No. 9. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 536 pp." type="book" year="1993">Ben-Dov (1993)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC135F3097824FAB9" box="[296,522,1304,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Borges, P. A. V., Abreu, C., Aguiar, A. M. F., Carvalho, P., Jardim, R., Melo, I., Oliveira, P., Sergio, C., Serrano, A. R. M. &amp; Vieira, P. (Eds.) (2008). ALlist of theTterrestrial Fungi, Flora and Fauna of Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos. Direccao Regional do Ambiente da Madeira and Universidade dos Acores, Funchal and Angra do Heroismo" type="book">
Borges 
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. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC20BF309793EFAB9" box="[534,784,1304,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. &amp; Gibson, G. A. P. (2010) ScaleNet. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / scalenet / scalenet. htm (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article">
Ben-Dov 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC299F309789BFAB9" box="[644,693,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC301F3087E15FAB9" author="Danzig" box="[796,1083,1304,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Danzig, E. M. &amp; Watson, G. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Coccoidea. In: Karsholt, O. &amp; Nieukerken, E. J. van (eds.) Fauna Europaea: Hemiptera. Fauna Europaea version 1. 1, http: // www. faunaeur. org (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">Danzig &amp; Watson (2010)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC08AF37078BAFAF1" blockId="5.[151,1436,1376,1580]" box="[151,660,1376,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFB9EB1EC08AF37078BAFAF1" authority="Cockerell, 1894" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,660,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Protopulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyriformis">
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC08AF3707BE9FAF1" box="[151,455,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Protopulvinaria pyriformis</emphasis>
(Cockerell, 1894)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC0CDF39478ECFA15" blockId="5.[151,1436,1376,1580]" box="[208,706,1412,1436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC0CDF3B87BA5F9A5" blockId="5.[151,1436,1376,1580]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
References: 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC146F3B8782BFA49" author="Fernald" box="[347,517,1448,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Fernald, M. E. (1903) A catalogue of the Coccidae of the World. Bulletin of the Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, 88, 1 ─ 360." type="journal article" year="1903">Fernald (1903)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC20FF3B878FBFA49" author="Lindinger" box="[530,725,1448,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Lindinger, L. (1912) Die Schildlause (Coccidae) Europas, Nordafrikas und Vorderasiens, einschiesslich der Azoren, der Kanaren und Madeiras. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 388 pp." type="book" year="1912">Lindinger (1912)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC2FCF3B87954FA49" author="Green" box="[737,890,1448,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Green, E. E. (1923) Observations on the Coccidae of the Madeira Islands. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 14, 87 ─ 99." type="journal article" year="1923">Green (1923)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC39BF3B87E4FFA49" box="[902,1121,1448,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Vieira, R. M. S., Carmona, M. M. &amp; Pita, M. S. (1983) Sobre os coccideos do Arquipelago da Madeira (Homoptera, Coccoidea). Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, 35 (153), 81 ─ 162." type="journal article">
Vieira 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC3C9F3B97E23FA49" box="[980,1037,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(1983)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC473F3B97F06FA49" author="Ben-Dov" box="[1134,1320,1448,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (1993) A Systematic Catalogue of Soft Scale Insects of the World. Flora &amp; Fauna Handbook, No. 9. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 536 pp." type="book" year="1993">Ben-Dov (1993)</bibRefCitation>
, Carvalho (1994, 1999), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC16BF3DC78AAFA6D" box="[374,644,1484,1508]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Schanderl, H. J. C., Soares, A. O. &amp; Almeida, J. M. P. (1995) Identificacao de pragas dos citrinos em pomares da Ilha de S. Miguel (Acores). Acoreana, 8 (1), 89 ─ 93." type="journal article">
Schanderl 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC1ECF3DD7803FA6D" box="[497,557,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(1995)
</bibRefCitation>
, Carvalho 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC318F3DD796CFA6D" box="[773,834,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(1997), Carvalho &amp; Aguiar (1997), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC4EDF3DD7FB9FA6D" author="Borges" box="[1264,1431,1484,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Borges, P. A. V. (2005) Hemiptera - Sternorrhyncha (Coccoidea, Aleyrodoidea, Psylloidea). In: Borges, P. A. V., Cunha, R., Gabriel. R., Martins, A. F., Silva, L. &amp; Vieira, V. (Eds.) A list of the terrestrial fauna (Mollusca and Arthropoda) and flora (Bryophita, Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta) from the Azores. Direccao Regional do Ambiente and Universidade dos Acores, Horta, Angra do Heroismo and Ponta Delgada, pp. 193 ─ 194." type="journal article" year="2005">Borges (2005)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC0CDF3E17B95F981" box="[208,443,1520,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Franco, J. C., Garcia-Mari, F., Ramos, A. P. &amp; Besri, M. (2006) Survey on the situation of citrus pest management in Mediterranean countries. IOBC wprs Bulletin, 29 (3), 335 ─ 346." type="journal article">
Franco 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC135F3E17B4DF981" box="[296,355,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC1D7F3E17899F981" box="[458,695,1520,1545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Borges, P. A. V., Abreu, C., Aguiar, A. M. F., Carvalho, P., Jardim, R., Melo, I., Oliveira, P., Sergio, C., Serrano, A. R. M. &amp; Vieira, P. (Eds.) (2008). ALlist of theTterrestrial Fungi, Flora and Fauna of Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos. Direccao Regional do Ambiente da Madeira and Universidade dos Acores, Funchal and Angra do Heroismo" type="book">
Borges 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC239F3E17877F981" box="[548,601,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC2DBF3E179E5F981" box="[710,971,1520,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. &amp; Gibson, G. A. P. (2010) ScaleNet. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / scalenet / scalenet. htm (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article">
Ben-Dov 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC32AF3E17942F981" box="[823,876,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC3C7F3E07F2DF981" author="Danzig" box="[986,1283,1520,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Danzig, E. M. &amp; Watson, G. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Coccoidea. In: Karsholt, O. &amp; Nieukerken, E. J. van (eds.) Fauna Europaea: Hemiptera. Fauna Europaea version 1. 1, http: // www. faunaeur. org (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">Danzig &amp; Watson (2010)</bibRefCitation>
, Pellizzari &amp; Germain (2010).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC08AF04C7876F9FD" blockId="5.[151,1436,1628,1796]" box="[151,600,1628,1652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFB9EB1EC08AF04C7876F9FD" authority="Westwood, 1870" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,600,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floccifera">
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC08AF04C7BAFF9FD" box="[151,385,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pulvinaria floccifera</emphasis>
(Westwood, 1870)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC0CDF090784AF911" blockId="5.[151,1436,1628,1796]" box="[208,612,1664,1688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution: Mainland and Madeira</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC0CDF0B47EEAF88D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1628,1796]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
References: 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC147F0B47832F935" author="Lindinger" box="[346,540,1700,1724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Lindinger, L. (1912) Die Schildlause (Coccidae) Europas, Nordafrikas und Vorderasiens, einschiesslich der Azoren, der Kanaren und Madeiras. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 388 pp." type="book" year="1912">Lindinger (1912)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC23AF0B478E4F935" author="Seabra" box="[551,714,1700,1724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Seabra, A. F. (1930 a) Apontamentos para o estudo das cochonilhas de Portugal (Hemipteros - Homopteros). Arquivos da Seccao de Biologia e Parasitologia do Museu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra, 1 (2), 143 ─ 148." type="journal article" year="1930" yearSuffix="a">Seabra (1930a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC2C8F0B4793EF935" author="Seabra" box="[725,784,1700,1724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Seabra, A. F. (1941) Contribuicao para o inventario da Fauna Lusitanica: Insecta, Homoptera (Coccidae). Memorias e Estudos do Museu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra, 125, 1 ─ 9." type="journal article" year="1941">1941</bibRefCitation>
), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC339F0B579E7F935" author="Neves" box="[804,969,1700,1724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Neves, M. (1936 c) Les coccides du Portugal (Premiere liste). Bulletin de la Societe Portugaise des Sciences Natureles, 12 (26), 191 ─ 213." type="journal article" year="1936" yearSuffix="c">Neves (1936c)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC3C8F0B47E91F935" author="Balachowsky" box="[981,1215,1700,1724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Balachowsky, A. (1939) Les cochenilles de Madere (seconde partie). II - Lecaniinae - Eriococcinae - Dactylopinae - Ortheziinae - Margarodidae. Revue de Pathologie Vegetale et d'Entomologie Agricole de France, 25, 255 ─ 272." type="journal article" year="1939">Balachowsky (1939)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC4D7F0B47FB9F935" author="Guimaraes" box="[1226,1431,1700,1724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Guimaraes, J. A. M. (1973). Catalogo das pragas das culturas em Portugal, 1 ─ Insecta: pequenas ordens e Coccoidea. DGSA (Lab. Fitof.), Comis. Regul. Prod. Quim. Farmac., Lisboa. 299 pp." type="book" year="1973">Guimarães (1973)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC0CDF0D87B84F969" box="[208,426,1736,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Vieira, R. M. S., Carmona, M. M. &amp; Pita, M. S. (1983) Sobre os coccideos do Arquipelago da Madeira (Homoptera, Coccoidea). Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, 35 (153), 81 ─ 162." type="journal article">
Vieira 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC100F0D97B78F969" box="[285,342,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(1983)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC1ABF0D878CBF969" author="Kosztarab" box="[438,741,1736,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Kosztarab, M. &amp; Kozar, F. (1988) Scale Insects of Central Europe. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 456 pp." type="book" year="1988">Kosztarab &amp; Kozár (1988)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC2EFF0D97983F969" author="Ben-Dov" box="[754,941,1736,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (1993) A Systematic Catalogue of Soft Scale Insects of the World. Flora &amp; Fauna Handbook, No. 9. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 536 pp." type="book" year="1993">Ben-Dov (1993)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC3A4F0D87E5AF969" author="Carvalho" box="[953,1140,1736,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Carvalho, J. P. (Ed.) (1999) Contribuicao para a proteccao integrada na Regiao Autonoma da Madeira. Secretaria Regional de Agricultura, Florestas e Pescas, Funchal, 363 pp." type="book" year="1999">Carvalho (1999)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC49DF0D97F0BF969" author="Borges" box="[1152,1317,1736,1761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Borges, P. A. V. (2005) Hemiptera - Sternorrhyncha (Coccoidea, Aleyrodoidea, Psylloidea). In: Borges, P. A. V., Cunha, R., Gabriel. R., Martins, A. F., Silva, L. &amp; Vieira, V. (Eds.) A list of the terrestrial fauna (Mollusca and Arthropoda) and flora (Bryophita, Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta) from the Azores. Direccao Regional do Ambiente and Universidade dos Acores, Horta, Angra do Heroismo and Ponta Delgada, pp. 193 ─ 194." type="journal article" year="2005">Borges (2005)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC52CF0D97B6FF88D" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Borges, P. A. V., Abreu, C., Aguiar, A. M. F., Carvalho, P., Jardim, R., Melo, I., Oliveira, P., Sergio, C., Serrano, A. R. M. &amp; Vieira, P. (Eds.) (2008). ALlist of theTterrestrial Fungi, Flora and Fauna of Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos. Direccao Regional do Ambiente da Madeira and Universidade dos Acores, Funchal and Angra do Heroismo" type="book">
Borges 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC595F0D97ACBF88D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC151F0FD7868F88D" box="[332,582,1772,1796]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. &amp; Gibson, G. A. P. (2010) ScaleNet. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / scalenet / scalenet. htm (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article">
Ben-Dov 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC1A7F0FD7BC5F88D" box="[442,491,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC24CF0FC795EF88D" author="Danzig" box="[593,880,1772,1796]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Danzig, E. M. &amp; Watson, G. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Coccoidea. In: Karsholt, O. &amp; Nieukerken, E. J. van (eds.) Fauna Europaea: Hemiptera. Fauna Europaea version 1. 1, http: // www. faunaeur. org (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">Danzig &amp; Watson (2010)</bibRefCitation>
, Pellizzari &amp; Germain (2010).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC08AF1247812F8C5" blockId="5.[151,1435,1844,1977]" box="[151,572,1844,1868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFB9EB1EC08AF1247812F8C5" authority="Cockerell, 1903" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,572,1844,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grabhami">
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC08AF1247BACF8C5" box="[151,386,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pulvinaria grabhami</emphasis>
Cockerell, 1903
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC0CDF1477BEDF8E6" blockId="5.[151,1435,1844,1977]" box="[208,451,1879,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution: Madeira</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFB9EB1EC0CDF16C7E58F831" blockId="5.[151,1435,1844,1977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
References: 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC146F16C7826F81D" author="Sanders" box="[347,520,1916,1940]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Sanders, J. G. (1906) Catalogue of recently described Coccidae. United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Miscellaneous Papers, Technical Series, 12, part 1, 18 pp." type="book" year="1906">Sanders (1906)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC209F16C78F9F81D" author="Lindinger" box="[532,727,1916,1940]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Lindinger, L. (1912) Die Schildlause (Coccidae) Europas, Nordafrikas und Vorderasiens, einschiesslich der Azoren, der Kanaren und Madeiras. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 388 pp." type="book" year="1912">Lindinger (1912)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC2FEF16C7955F81D" author="Green" box="[739,891,1916,1940]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Green, E. E. (1923) Observations on the Coccidae of the Madeira Islands. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 14, 87 ─ 99." type="journal article" year="1923">Green (1923)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC395F16C7E5DF81D" author="Balachowsky" box="[904,1139,1916,1940]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Balachowsky, A. (1939) Les cochenilles de Madere (seconde partie). II - Lecaniinae - Eriococcinae - Dactylopinae - Ortheziinae - Margarodidae. Revue de Pathologie Vegetale et d'Entomologie Agricole de France, 25, 255 ─ 272." type="journal article" year="1939">Balachowsky (1939)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC462F16C7F77F81D" box="[1151,1369,1916,1940]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Vieira, R. M. S., Carmona, M. M. &amp; Pita, M. S. (1983) Sobre os coccideos do Arquipelago da Madeira (Homoptera, Coccoidea). Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, 35 (153), 81 ─ 162." type="journal article">
Vieira 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC4D1F16D7ED0F81D" box="[1228,1278,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. (1983)
</bibRefCitation>
, Ben- 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC0CDF1B17B7DF831" author="Dov" box="[208,339,1952,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (1993) A Systematic Catalogue of Soft Scale Insects of the World. Flora &amp; Fauna Handbook, No. 9. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 536 pp." type="book" year="1993">Dov (1993)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC142F1B1786CF831" box="[351,578,1952,1977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Borges, P. A. V., Abreu, C., Aguiar, A. M. F., Carvalho, P., Jardim, R., Melo, I., Oliveira, P., Sergio, C., Serrano, A. R. M. &amp; Vieira, P. (Eds.) (2008). ALlist of theTterrestrial Fungi, Flora and Fauna of Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos. Direccao Regional do Ambiente da Madeira and Universidade dos Acores, Funchal and Angra do Heroismo" type="book">
Borges 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC1ABF1B17BC9F831" box="[438,487,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC250F1B17969F831" box="[589,839,1952,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. &amp; Gibson, G. A. P. (2010) ScaleNet. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / scalenet / scalenet. htm (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article">
Ben-Dov 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFB9EB1EC2A6F1B178C2F831" box="[699,748,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFB9EB1EC34EF1B07E5CF831" author="Danzig" box="[851,1138,1952,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Danzig, E. M. &amp; Watson, G. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Coccoidea. In: Karsholt, O. &amp; Nieukerken, E. J. van (eds.) Fauna Europaea: Hemiptera. Fauna Europaea version 1. 1, http: // www. faunaeur. org (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">Danzig &amp; Watson (2010)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBAEB1DC08AF6887825FF26" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,284]" box="[151,523,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFBAEB1DC08AF6887825FF26" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,523,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitis">
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFBAEB1DC08AF6887B6AFF39" box="[151,324,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pulvinaria vitis</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBAEB1DC0CDF6AC7BFFFF5D" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,284]" box="[208,465,188,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution: Mainland</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBAEB1DC0CDF6CF7E1FFE95" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
References: 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC140F6CF7BD9FF7E" author="Seabra" box="[349,503,223,247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Seabra, A. F. (1929) Registo das especies uteis ou nocivas observadas na Seccao de Biologia e Parasitologia do Museu, durante os meses de Julho a Setembro de 1929. Arq. Sec. Biol. Parasit. Mus. Zool. Univ. Coimbra, 1 (1), 83 ─ 90." type="journal article" year="1929">Seabra (1929</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC218F6CF7862FF7E" author="Seabra" box="[517,588,223,247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Seabra, A. F. (1930 a) Apontamentos para o estudo das cochonilhas de Portugal (Hemipteros - Homopteros). Arquivos da Seccao de Biologia e Parasitologia do Museu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra, 1 (2), 143 ─ 148." type="journal article" year="1930" yearSuffix="a">1930a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC247F6CF78BBFF7E" author="Seabra" box="[602,661,223,247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Seabra, A. F. (1941) Contribuicao para o inventario da Fauna Lusitanica: Insecta, Homoptera (Coccidae). Memorias e Estudos do Museu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra, 125, 1 ─ 9." type="journal article" year="1941">1941</bibRefCitation>
), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC2B1F6CF7974FF7E" author="Almeida" box="[684,858,223,247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Almeida, E. S. (1934) Curso de doencas das plantas e seus tratamentos. Escola de Regentes Agricolas de Santarem, Santarem, 453 pp." type="book" year="1934">Almeida (1934</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC37AF6CF798CFF7E" author="Almeida" box="[871,930,223,247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Almeida, E. S. (1935) Subsidios para o estudo da quermofauna do Ribatejo: primeira lista das cochonilhas da Regiao de Santarem. Arquivos da Seccao de Biologia e Parasitologia do Museu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra, 2, 165 ─ 171." type="journal article" year="1935">1935</bibRefCitation>
), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC3A4F6F07E77FF7E" author="Neves" box="[953,1113,223,247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Neves, M. (1936 c) Les coccides du Portugal (Premiere liste). Bulletin de la Societe Portugaise des Sciences Natureles, 12 (26), 191 ─ 213." type="journal article" year="1936" yearSuffix="c">Neves (1936c</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC47AF6CF7E9FFF7E" author="Neves" box="[1127,1201,223,247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Neves, M. (1954 b) Contribuicao para o estudo das cochonilhas de Portugal. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 4, 229 ─ 252." type="journal article" year="1954" yearSuffix="b">1954b</bibRefCitation>
), 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC4DAF6CF7FB9FF7E" author="Guimaraes" box="[1223,1431,223,247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Guimaraes, J. A. M. (1973). Catalogo das pragas das culturas em Portugal, 1 ─ Insecta: pequenas ordens e Coccoidea. DGSA (Lab. Fitof.), Comis. Regul. Prod. Quim. Farmac., Lisboa. 299 pp." type="book" year="1973">Guimarães (1973)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC0CDF7147BD3FE95" author="Kosztarab" box="[208,509,260,284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Kosztarab, M. &amp; Kozar, F. (1988) Scale Insects of Central Europe. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 456 pp." type="book" year="1988">Kosztarab &amp; Kozár (1988)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC214F715792DFE95" box="[521,771,260,284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. &amp; Gibson, G. A. P. (2010) ScaleNet. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / scalenet / scalenet. htm (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article">
Ben-Dov 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFBAEB1DC26BF7157886FE95" box="[630,680,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC313F7147E03FE95" author="Danzig" box="[782,1069,260,284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Danzig, E. M. &amp; Watson, G. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Coccoidea. In: Karsholt, O. &amp; Nieukerken, E. J. van (eds.) Fauna Europaea: Hemiptera. Fauna Europaea version 1. 1, http: // www. faunaeur. org (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">Danzig &amp; Watson (2010)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBAEB1DC08AF75C788DFEED" blockId="6.[151,1436,332,463]" box="[151,675,332,356]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFBAEB1DC08AF75C788DFEED" authority="Vallot, 1829" authorityName="Vallot" authorityYear="1829" box="[151,675,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinariella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesembryanthemi">
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFBAEB1DC08AF75C7BD3FEED" box="[151,509,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pulvinariella mesembryanthemi</emphasis>
(Vallot, 1829)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBAEB1DC0CDF77F784AFE0E" blockId="6.[151,1436,332,463]" box="[208,612,367,391]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution: Mainland and Madeira</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBAEB1DC0CDF78479B5FE46" blockId="6.[151,1436,332,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
References: 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC141F7847812FE25" author="Borchsenius" box="[348,572,404,428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Borchsenius, N. S. (1957) Subtribe mealybugs and scales (Coccoidea). Soft scale insects Coccidae. Zoologicheskii Institut Akademii Nauk SSSR n. s. 66, 493 pp (in Russian)" type="book" year="1957">Borchsenius (1957)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC257F7847909FE25" box="[586,807,404,428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Vieira, R. M. S., Carmona, M. M. &amp; Pita, M. S. (1983) Sobre os coccideos do Arquipelago da Madeira (Homoptera, Coccoidea). Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, 35 (153), 81 ─ 162." type="journal article">
Vieira 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFBAEB1DC285F78578FCFE25" box="[664,722,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
(1983)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC328F78579DFFE25" author="Ben-Dov" box="[821,1009,404,428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (1993) A Systematic Catalogue of Soft Scale Insects of the World. Flora &amp; Fauna Handbook, No. 9. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 536 pp." type="book" year="1993">Ben-Dov (1993)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC3E3F7857EC8FE25" box="[1022,1254,404,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Borges, P. A. V., Abreu, C., Aguiar, A. M. F., Carvalho, P., Jardim, R., Melo, I., Oliveira, P., Sergio, C., Serrano, A. R. M. &amp; Vieira, P. (Eds.) (2008). ALlist of theTterrestrial Fungi, Flora and Fauna of Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos. Direccao Regional do Ambiente da Madeira and Universidade dos Acores, Funchal and Angra do Heroismo" type="book">
Borges 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFBAEB1DC44BF7857EA7FE25" box="[1110,1161,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC4EEF7857B33FE46" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. &amp; Gibson, G. A. P. (2010) ScaleNet. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / scalenet / scalenet. htm (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article">
Ben-Dov 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFBAEB1DC57FF7857FBBFE25" box="[1378,1429,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC135F7A77868FE46" author="Danzig" box="[296,582,439,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Danzig, E. M. &amp; Watson, G. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Coccoidea. In: Karsholt, O. &amp; Nieukerken, E. J. van (eds.) Fauna Europaea: Hemiptera. Fauna Europaea version 1. 1, http: // www. faunaeur. org (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">Danzig &amp; Watson (2010)</bibRefCitation>
, Pellizzari &amp; Germain (2010).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBAEB1DC08AF41078A9FD9E" blockId="6.[151,1176,511,608]" box="[151,647,511,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFBAEB1DC08AF41078A9FD9E" authority="Signoret, 1837" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1837" box="[151,647,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Rhizopulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artemisiae">
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFBAEB1DC08AF4107BE6FD91" box="[151,456,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Rhizopulvinaria artemisiae</emphasis>
(Signoret, 1837)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBAEB1DC0CDF4347BFFFDB5" blockId="6.[151,1176,511,608]" box="[208,465,548,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution: Mainland</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBAEB1DC0CDF4577EB6FDD6" blockId="6.[151,1176,511,608]" box="[208,1176,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
References: 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC146F457784AFDD6" author="Kozar" box="[347,612,583,607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Kozar, F. &amp; Franco, J. C. (1995) Some new data to the scale insect fauna (Homoptera: Coccoidea) from Continental Portugal. Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 56, 69 ─ 74." type="journal article" year="1995">Kozár &amp; Franco (1995)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC26DF4587944FDD6" box="[624,874,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. &amp; Gibson, G. A. P. (2010) ScaleNet. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / scalenet / scalenet. htm (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article">
Ben-Dov 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFBAEB1DC2C3F4597920FDE9" box="[734,782,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC368F4577EBAFDD6" author="Danzig" box="[885,1172,583,607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Danzig, E. M. &amp; Watson, G. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Coccoidea. In: Karsholt, O. &amp; Nieukerken, E. J. van (eds.) Fauna Europaea: Hemiptera. Fauna Europaea version 1. 1, http: // www. faunaeur. org (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">Danzig &amp; Watson (2010)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="85B834F0FFBAEB1DC08AF4807BF3FD2E" box="[151,477,655,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBAEB1DC08AF4807BF3FD2E" blockId="6.[151,1436,655,788]" box="[151,477,655,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFBAEB1DC08AF4807BF3FD2E" ID-CoL="4TZN6" authority="Green, 1923" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,477,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerei">
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFBAEB1DC08AF4807B17FD21" box="[151,313,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Saissetia cerei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC155F49F7BFBFD2E" author="Green" box="[328,469,655,679]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Green, E. E. (1923) Observations on the Coccidae of the Madeira Islands. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 14, 87 ─ 99." type="journal article" year="1923">Green, 1923</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="85B834F0FFBAEB1DC0CDF4A47E8EF981" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBAEB1DC0CDF4A47BEDFD45" blockId="6.[151,1436,655,788]" box="[208,451,692,716]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution: Madeira</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBAEB1DC0CDF4C77BDDFC9D" blockId="6.[151,1436,655,788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
References: 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC146F4C77BDAFD66" author="Green" box="[347,500,727,751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Green, E. E. (1923) Observations on the Coccidae of the Madeira Islands. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 14, 87 ─ 99." type="journal article" year="1923">Green (1923)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC21DF4C778F7FD66" box="[512,729,727,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Vieira, R. M. S., Carmona, M. M. &amp; Pita, M. S. (1983) Sobre os coccideos do Arquipelago da Madeira (Homoptera, Coccoidea). Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, 35 (153), 81 ─ 162." type="journal article">
Vieira 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFBAEB1DC250F4C978A8FD79" box="[589,646,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
(1983)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC2FBF4C9798EFD66" author="Ben-Dov" box="[742,928,727,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (1993) A Systematic Catalogue of Soft Scale Insects of the World. Flora &amp; Fauna Handbook, No. 9. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 536 pp." type="book" year="1993">Ben-Dov (1993)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC3B0F4C97EBFFD66" box="[941,1169,727,753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Borges, P. A. V., Abreu, C., Aguiar, A. M. F., Carvalho, P., Jardim, R., Melo, I., Oliveira, P., Sergio, C., Serrano, A. R. M. &amp; Vieira, P. (Eds.) (2008). ALlist of theTterrestrial Fungi, Flora and Fauna of Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos. Direccao Regional do Ambiente da Madeira and Universidade dos Acores, Funchal and Angra do Heroismo" type="book">
Borges 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFBAEB1DC419F4C97E1BFD79" box="[1028,1077,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC480F4C97FB9FD66" box="[1181,1431,727,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. &amp; Gibson, G. A. P. (2010) ScaleNet. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / scalenet / scalenet. htm (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article">
Ben-Dov 
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFBAEB1DC516F4C97F12FD79" box="[1291,1340,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC0CDF4EC7BC1FC9D" author="Danzig" box="[208,495,764,788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Danzig, E. M. &amp; Watson, G. (2010) Fauna Europaea: Coccoidea. In: Karsholt, O. &amp; Nieukerken, E. J. van (eds.) Fauna Europaea: Hemiptera. Fauna Europaea version 1. 1, http: // www. faunaeur. org (accessed in 12 August 2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">Danzig &amp; Watson (2010)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBAEB1DC08AF555782AFCD5" blockId="6.[151,1436,836,1076]" box="[151,516,836,860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFBAEB1DC08AF555782AFCD5" authority="Walker, 1852" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,516,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coffeae">
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFBAEB1DC08AF5557B7CFCD5" box="[151,338,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Saissetia coffeae</emphasis>
(Walker, 1852)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBAEB1DC0CDF57778ECFCF6" blockId="6.[151,1436,836,1076]" box="[208,706,871,896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBAEB1DC0CDF59C7BA5FBBD" blockId="6.[151,1436,836,1076]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
References: 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC142F59C7832FC2D" author="Almeida" box="[351,540,908,932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Almeida, J. V. (1898 b) Cochenilhas parasitas (cont.). A Agricultura Contemporanea, 8 (12), 471 ─ 481." type="journal article" year="1898" yearSuffix="b">Almeida (1898b</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A9331A8AFFBAEB1DC231F59C7849FC2D" author="Almeida" box="[556,615,908,932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Almeida, E. S. (1935) Subsidios para o estudo da quermofauna do Ribatejo: primeira lista das cochonilhas da Regiao de Santarem. Arquivos da Seccao de Biologia e Parasitologia do Museu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra, 2, 165 ─ 171." type="journal article" year="1935">1935</bibRefCitation>
), 
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBAEB1DC08AF2757903FBF5" blockId="6.[151,1294,1124,1220]" box="[151,813,1124,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFBAEB1DC08AF2757B4EFBF5" box="[151,352,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miranda">
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFBAEB1DC08AF2757B4EFBF5" box="[151,352,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Saissetia miranda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Cockerell &amp; Parrott in Cockerell, 1899)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBAEB1DC0CDF2987BFFFB29" blockId="6.[151,1294,1124,1220]" box="[208,465,1160,1184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution: Mainland</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBAEB1DC0CDF2BC7F20FB4D" blockId="6.[151,1294,1124,1220]" box="[208,1294,1196,1220]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBAEB1DC08AF2E57BC3FA85" blockId="6.[151,1436,1268,1544]" box="[151,493,1268,1292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="0AA21CF8FFBAEB1DC08AF2E57BC3FA85" authority="Olivier, 1791" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1791" box="[151,493,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
<emphasis id="FFD6BB69FFBAEB1DC08AF2E57B10FA85" box="[151,318,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Saissetia oleae</emphasis>
(Olivier, 1791)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBAEB1DC0CDF30878ECFAB9" blockId="6.[151,1436,1268,1544]" box="[208,706,1304,1328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD1D677BFFBAEB1DC0CDF32C7E8EF981" blockId="6.[151,1436,1268,1544]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>