treatments-xml/data/03/E9/E5/03E9E508445E7C64FD06F9D9FD034AE6.xml

<document id="7DCF3246F7C46041F668F43592BE6551" ID-CLB-Dataset="22065" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2017.340" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0be43b36-2678-45a5-acfc-bec202ecb14a" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3832552" ID-ZooBank="2C6DC937-E543-4B8D-BF24-CED437F97676" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589831085025" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Ricchiardi, Enrico" docDate="2017" docId="03E9E508445E7C64FD06F9D9FD034AE6" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2017-340.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 340 (340)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Hybovalgus Kolbe 1904" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFD09D70445A7C6EFF80FFC2FF874B39" masterDocTitle="Revision of Chinese mainland Hybovalgus Kolbe, 1904, with description of a new species, and Excisivalgus Endrödi, 1952 reduced to synonymy with Hybovalgus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698840126634" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="5B98CDA586946ECE8E53586BF8604AC1">Revision of Chinese mainland Hybovalgus Kolbe, 1904, with description of a new species, and Excisivalgus Endrödi, 1952 reduced to synonymy with Hybovalgus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="89DC02FAF3E2398139429B8F2185BDB5">Ricchiardi, Enrico</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="745666D9AED9422085B44DB6E9D7471B">Corso A. Tassoni 79 / 4, 10143 Torino, Italy. Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Box 92, Beichen West road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan road, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100039, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C35A0795445E7C6AFD06F9D9FC294D0F" box="[646,942,1563,1590]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445E7C6AFD06F9D9FC294D0F" blockId="4.[646,942,1563,1590]" box="[646,942,1563,1590]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="D0B7E372445E7C6AFD06F9D9FC294D0F" box="[646,942,1563,1590]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445E7C6AFD06F9D9FC294D0F" ID-CoL="4ZM8" authority="Kolbe, 1904" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[646,942,1563,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445E7C6AFD06F9D9FC924D0F" bold="true" box="[646,789,1563,1590]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hybovalgus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF445E7C6AFC9DF9DEFC294D0F" author="Kolbe H. J." box="[797,942,1564,1590]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="3 - 57" refId="ref15657" refString="Kolbe H. J. 1904. Gattungen und Arten der Valgiden von Sumatra und Borneo. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 65: 3 - 57." type="journal article" year="1904">Kolbe, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BFF541E445E7C6AFF3DF99CFD914D40" blockId="4.[189,680,1630,1693]" box="[189,534,1630,1657]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB507330445E7C6AFF3DF99CFD914D40" box="[189,534,1630,1657]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitation id="0AE1720F445E7C6AFF3DF99CFD954D40" author="Kolbe H. J." box="[189,530,1630,1657]" page="55" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1904">
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445E7C6AFF3DF99CFD954D40" ID-CoL="4ZM8" authority="Kolbe, 1904: 55" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityPageNumber="55" authorityYear="1904" box="[189,530,1630,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445E7C6AFF3DF99CFECE4D41" box="[189,329,1630,1656]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hybovalgus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF445E7C6AFED0F99CFD954D40" author="Kolbe H. J." box="[336,530,1630,1657]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="3 - 57" refId="ref15657" refString="Kolbe H. J. 1904. Gattungen und Arten der Valgiden von Sumatra und Borneo. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 65: 3 - 57." type="journal article" year="1904">Kolbe, 1904: 55</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445E7C6AFF3DF940FD2F4DA5" blockId="4.[189,680,1630,1693]" box="[189,680,1666,1693]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB507330445E7C6AFF3DF940FD2F4DA5" box="[189,680,1666,1693]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitation id="0AE1720F445E7C6AFF3DF940FDB74DA5" author="Endrodi S." box="[189,560,1666,1693]" page="62" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1952">
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445E7C6AFF3DF940FDB74DA5" ID-CoL="4HSJ" authority="Endrodi, 1952: 62" authorityName="Endrodi" authorityPageNumber="62" authorityYear="1952" box="[189,560,1666,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Excisivalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445E7C6AFF3DF940FED64DA5" box="[189,337,1666,1692]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Excisivalgus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF445E7C6AFED9F940FDB74DA5" author="Endrodi S." box="[345,560,1666,1693]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="41 - 71" refId="ref15512" refString="Endrodi S. 1952. Neue und bekannte Hopliinen und Valginen aus der Fukien-Ausbeute des Herrn J. Klapperich. Folia Entomologica Hungarica (series nova) 5 (2): 41 - 71." type="journal article" year="1952">Endrödi, 1952: 62</bibRefCitation>
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, 
<emphasis id="B934880C445E7C6AFDBCF940FD2F4DA5" bold="true" box="[572,680,1666,1692]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">syn. nov.</emphasis>
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<heading id="D0B7E372445E7C6AFF3DF906FEDF4DE7" bold="true" box="[189,344,1732,1758]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B934880C445E7C6AFF3DF906FEDF4DE7" bold="true" box="[189,344,1732,1758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<typeStatus id="54FBEABC445E7C6AFF3DF906FF7D4DE7" box="[189,250,1732,1758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445E7C6AFF3DF931FC8B4C37" blockId="4.[189,780,1779,1806]" box="[189,780,1779,1806]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445E7C6AFF3DF931FDE44C34" ID-CoL="6MHRH" authority="Kolbe, 1904" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[189,611,1779,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bioculatus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445E7C6AFF3DF931FE4D4C34" box="[189,458,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hybovalgus bioculatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF445E7C6AFE52F931FDE44C34" author="Kolbe H. J." box="[466,611,1779,1805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="3 - 57" refId="ref15657" refString="Kolbe H. J. 1904. Gattungen und Arten der Valgiden von Sumatra und Borneo. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 65: 3 - 57." type="journal article" year="1904">Kolbe, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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by monotypy.
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<heading id="D0B7E372445E7C6AFF3DF8F7FEB14C76" bold="true" box="[189,310,1845,1871]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B934880C445E7C6AFF3DF8F7FEB14C76" bold="true" box="[189,310,1845,1871]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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In the years after 1904 some entomologists tried to better define 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445E7C6AFC20F8A7FBAB4C46" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[928,1068,1893,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445E7C6AFC20F8A7FBAB4C46" box="[928,1068,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hybovalgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF445E7C6AFBB9F8A7FB4C4C46" author="Arrow G. J." box="[1081,1227,1893,1919]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="225 - 246" refId="ref15263" refString="Arrow G. J. 1944. The beetles of the Lamellicorn subfamily Valginae, with a synopsis of the genera and descriptions of some new species. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society 94 (2): 225 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1944. tb 01218. x" type="journal article" year="1944">Arrow 1944</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF445E7C6AFB56F8A7FAF54C46" author="Paulian R." box="[1238,1394,1893,1919]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref15993" refString="Paulian R. 1961. Coleopteres Scarabeides de l'Indochine (Rutelines et Cetonines). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 130: 1 - 47 (225 - 271)." type="journal article" year="1961">Paulian 1961</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF445E7C6AFF3DF84BFEE64C9A" author="Krikken J." box="[189,353,1929,1955]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="153 - 164" refId="ref15715" refString="Krikken J. 1978. Valgine beetles: a preliminary review of the genera, with descriptions of two novelties. Zoologische Mededelingen 53 (15): 153 - 164." type="journal article" year="1978">Krikken 1978</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF445E7C6AFEEBF84BFD8F4C9D" author="Miyake Y." box="[363,520,1929,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref15811" refString="Miyake Y. 1985. A revision of the subfamily Valginae from Taiwan. The Society of Lamellicornia 1: 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1985">Miyake 1985</bibRefCitation>
), but could not find even one morphological synapomorphy. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF445E7C6AFB43F84BFAF14C9A" author="Krikken J." box="[1219,1398,1929,1955]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref15747" refString="Krikken J. 1984. A new key to the suprageneric taxa in the beetle family Cetoniidae, with annotated lists of the known genera. Zoologische Verhandelingen 210: 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="1984">Krikken (1984)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF445E7C6AFF6FF86FFE184CFE" author="Miyake Y." box="[239,415,1964,1991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref15811" refString="Miyake Y. 1985. A revision of the subfamily Valginae from Taiwan. The Society of Lamellicornia 1: 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1985">Miyake (1985)</bibRefCitation>
wrote that the shape of the parameters was peculiar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445E7C6AFBABF86FFB304CFE" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[1067,1207,1965,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445E7C6AFBABF86FFB304CFE" box="[1067,1207,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hybovalgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF445E7C6AFB47F86FFAF04CFE" author="Miyake Y." box="[1223,1399,1964,1991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref15811" refString="Miyake Y. 1985. A revision of the subfamily Valginae from Taiwan. The Society of Lamellicornia 1: 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1985">Miyake (1985)</bibRefCitation>
distinguished 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445E7C6AFEDFF813FE6C4CD2" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[351,491,2001,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445E7C6AFEDFF813FE6C4CD2" box="[351,491,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hybovalgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445E7C6AFDAEF813FD304CD2" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[558,695,2001,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dasyvalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445E7C6AFDAEF813FD304CD2" box="[558,695,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Dasyvalgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as follows: “Parameres more or less prolonged, not confluent each other, with a excision on each inner edge, 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445F7C6BFD72FEC9FCF94A1C" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[754,894,267,293]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445F7C6BFD72FEC9FCF94A1C" box="[754,894,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hybovalgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Parameres vestigial, sometimes confluent each other, 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445F7C6BFECBFEEDFE534A70" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[331,468,303,329]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dasyvalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445F7C6BFECBFEEDFE534A70" box="[331,468,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dasyvalgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”. The paramere shape of each genus is different, and easily distinguishable, although the meaning given to the word “vestigial” by Miyake is not clear.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445F7C6BFF3DFE51FB7C499A" blockId="5.[189,1399,403,676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
After studying many specimens (including all the species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445F7C6BFC0CFE51FB9F4A94" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[908,1048,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445F7C6BFC0CFE51FB9F4A94" box="[908,1048,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hybovalgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC445F7C6BFBBFFE51FB264A97" box="[1087,1185,403,430]" country="China" name="Taiwan)" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Taiwan)</collectingRegion>
, we conclude that the males of 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445F7C6BFED9FE74FE624AE9" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[345,485,438,464]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445F7C6BFED9FE74FE624AE9" box="[345,485,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hybovalgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445F7C6BFC16FE74FB984AE9" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[918,1055,438,464]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dasyvalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445F7C6BFC16FE74FB984AE9" box="[918,1055,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dasyvalgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a series of non-exclusive characters and by the shape of the parameres (
<figureCitation id="137B489B445F7C6BFD50FE1BFC944ACD" box="[720,787,473,500]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[219,1362,296,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[204,1383,265,1765]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 3. Different shapes of aedeagus. A. Hybovalgus fraternus Moser, 1904. B. H. thibetanus (Nonfried, 1891). C. H. tonkinensis Moser, 1904. Proposed nomenclature of Hybovalgus aedeagus: aap = anterior apex of phallobase; ap = apex of parameres; bl = basal lobe; bmn = baso-medial notch; etp = sub-apical external tooth of parameres; iml = internal medial lobe; itp = sub-apical internal tooth of parameres; ma = membrane of aedeagus; pb = phallobase; spb = sclerotized upper anterior part of phallobase; vs = V-shaped ventro-apically membranous region of aedeagus. Drawings: grey parts: parameres; white parts: phallobase." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3832558/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A–F). The special shape of 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445F7C6BFBD2FE18FB594ACD" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[1106,1246,474,500]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445F7C6BFBD2FE18FB594ACD" box="[1106,1246,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hybovalgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
parameres is distinctive compared with the variable parameres of males of 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445F7C6BFC0CFE3FFB92492E" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[908,1045,509,535]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dasyvalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445F7C6BFC0CFE3FFB92492E" box="[908,1045,509,535]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dasyvalgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. This paramere shape, that we define as “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445F7C6BFE1DFDE2FDAE4903" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[413,553,544,570]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445F7C6BFE1DFDE2FDAE4903" box="[413,553,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hybovalgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shape”, within the Chinese 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445F7C6BFCFAFDE2FC534903" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1842" box="[890,980,544,570]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Valgina">Valgina</taxonomicName>
is shared only with 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445F7C6BFB4AFDE2FE7A4967" authority="Endrodi, 1952" authorityName="Endrodi" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dasyvalgoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denticulatus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445F7C6BFB4AFDE2FECB4964" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dasyvalgoides denticulatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF445F7C6BFED3FD81FE7A4967" author="Endrodi S." box="[339,509,579,606]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="41 - 71" refId="ref15512" refString="Endrodi S. 1952. Neue und bekannte Hopliinen und Valginen aus der Fukien-Ausbeute des Herrn J. Klapperich. Folia Entomologica Hungarica (series nova) 5 (2): 41 - 71." type="journal article" year="1952">Endrödi, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, in a monotypic genus. The relationship between these two genera must still be investigated, but the latter species is readily distinguishable from any 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445F7C6BFBB0FDA4FB3B49B9" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[1072,1212,614,640]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445F7C6BFBB0FDA4FB3B49B9" box="[1072,1212,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hybovalgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the protibia with six teeth; and from 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445F7C6BFE5DFD48FD0E499D" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1944" box="[477,649,650,676]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexdentatus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445F7C6BFE5DFD48FD0E499D" box="[477,649,650,676]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. sexdentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its flattened body with inconspicuous scales tufts.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445F7C6BFF3DFD09FF6E4830" blockId="5.[189,1399,715,1164]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
The series of non-exclusive characters that separate 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445F7C6BFC9FFD09FC2C49DC" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[799,939,715,741]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445F7C6BFC9FFD09FC2C49DC" box="[799,939,715,741]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hybovalgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the other Oriental 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445F7C6BFB48FD09FAA549DC" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1842" box="[1224,1314,715,741]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Valgina">Valgina</taxonomicName>
genera are:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445F7C6BFF3DFCD0FB46484B" blockId="5.[189,1399,715,1164]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
- Protibial external teeth 1–3 long and sharp in males, where tooth 2 is sometime a bit shorter than 1 and 3; the same for females but often they are worn by digging (see remarks on page 7 about differences between the two sexes) and in some cases tooth 2 is slightly shorter than 1 or 3 (
<figureCitation id="137B489B445F7C6BFBEBFC9AFB28484B" box="[1131,1199,856,882]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[478,1172,1252,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[394,1193,1225,1912]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Five-toothed protibia. A. LT ♂ of Hybovalgus fraternus Moser, 1915 (MNHUB). B. LT ♂ of Hybovalgus fulvosquamosus Moser, 1904 (MNHUB)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3832554/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445F7C6BFF3DFCBEFDF448AC" blockId="5.[189,1399,715,1164]" box="[189,627,891,918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">- Both sexes have 5–6 protibial teeth.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445F7C6BFF3DFC5DFDD248E5" blockId="5.[189,1399,715,1164]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
- Suctorial brush long in males, short in females (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF445F7C6BFC9FFC5CFBAA4880" author="Ricchiardi E. &amp; Li S." box="[799,1069,926,953]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="113 - 133" refId="ref16071" refString="Ricchiardi E. &amp; Li S. 2015. Annotated checklist of Chinese mainland Dasyvalgus, with description of nine new species (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Cetoniinae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 147: 113 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.4081 / BollettinoSEI. 2015.113" type="journal article" year="2015">Ricchiardi &amp; Li 2015</bibRefCitation>
). See remarks below about differences between the two sexes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445F7C6BFF3DFC27FACE48C6" blockId="5.[189,1399,715,1164]" box="[189,1353,997,1023]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
- Anterior margin of clypeus noticeably sinuate in both sexes, a bit less in females of 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445F7C6BFB24FC27FAC548C6" baseAuthorityName="Nonfried" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[1188,1346,997,1023]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thibetanus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445F7C6BFB24FC27FAC548C6" box="[1188,1346,997,1023]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. thibetanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445F7C6BFF3DFBCAFC054F1B" blockId="5.[189,1399,715,1164]" box="[189,898,1032,1058]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">- Pronotal lateral margins more or less crenate in both sexes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445F7C6BFF3DFBEEFC394F7F" blockId="5.[189,1399,715,1164]" box="[189,958,1067,1094]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">- Pronotal lateral margin depression always present in both sexes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445F7C6BFF3DFB8DFBEC4F51" blockId="5.[189,1399,715,1164]" box="[189,1131,1102,1129]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">- Pronotal posterior margin of most females (but not all) more or less excavated.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445F7C6BFF3DFBB0FD2A4FB5" blockId="5.[189,1399,715,1164]" box="[189,685,1137,1164]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
- Parameres of 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445F7C6BFEEFFBB3FE7C4FB2" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[367,507,1137,1163]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445F7C6BFEEFFBB3FE7C4FB2" box="[367,507,1137,1163]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hybovalgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shape (
<figureCitation id="137B489B445F7C6BFDD6FBB3FD1B4FB5" box="[598,668,1137,1164]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[219,1362,296,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[204,1383,265,1765]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 3. Different shapes of aedeagus. A. Hybovalgus fraternus Moser, 1904. B. H. thibetanus (Nonfried, 1891). C. H. tonkinensis Moser, 1904. Proposed nomenclature of Hybovalgus aedeagus: aap = anterior apex of phallobase; ap = apex of parameres; bl = basal lobe; bmn = baso-medial notch; etp = sub-apical external tooth of parameres; iml = internal medial lobe; itp = sub-apical internal tooth of parameres; ma = membrane of aedeagus; pb = phallobase; spb = sclerotized upper anterior part of phallobase; vs = V-shaped ventro-apically membranous region of aedeagus. Drawings: grey parts: parameres; white parts: phallobase." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3832558/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3F0496445F7C6BFF3DF86FFCB14CD2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3832554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3832554/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[189,232,1965,1991]" targetBox="[478,1172,1252,1899]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445F7C6BFF3DF86FFCB14CD2" blockId="5.[189,1398,1965,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B934880C445F7C6BFF3DF86FFE8A4CFE" bold="true" box="[189,269,1965,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
Five-toothed protibia. 
<emphasis id="B934880C445F7C6BFDA2F86FFDB04CFE" bold="true" box="[546,567,1965,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A</emphasis>
. LT ♂ of 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445F7C6BFD34F86FFBD24CF1" authority="Moser, 1915" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1915" box="[692,1109,1965,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraternus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445F7C6BFD34F86FFC314CF1" box="[692,950,1965,1992]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hybovalgus fraternus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF445F7C6BFC3FF86CFBD24CF1" author="Moser J." box="[959,1109,1965,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="579 - 605" refId="ref15927" refString="Moser J. 1915. Neue Melolonthiden und Cetoniden (Col.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1915 (6): 579 - 605. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 191519150603" type="journal article" year="1915">Moser, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHUB). 
<emphasis id="B934880C445F7C6BFB70F86CFA834CF1" bold="true" box="[1264,1284,1966,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</emphasis>
. LT ♂ of 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445F7C6BFF3DF813FD204CD2" authority="Moser, 1904" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1904" box="[189,679,2001,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvosquamosus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445F7C6BFF3DF813FD8C4CD2" box="[189,523,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hybovalgus fulvosquamosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF445F7C6BFD93F813FD204CD2" author="Moser J." box="[531,679,2001,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="266 - 273" refId="ref15835" refString="Moser J. 1904. Neue Valgiden-Arten. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 49: 266 - 273." type="journal article" year="1904">Moser, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHUB).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445C7C68FF3DFECEFBF44A1F" blockId="6.[189,1398,267,540]" box="[189,1139,267,294]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
- Protibia with five teeth on the external margin, in one case six (
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445C7C68FC35FECEFBE54A1C" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1944" box="[949,1122,267,293]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexdentatus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445C7C68FC35FECEFBE54A1C" box="[949,1122,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. sexdentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445C7C68FF3DFEEDFDAD4AA9" blockId="6.[189,1398,267,540]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">- Pygidium of males always narrowed from the middle to the apex; apex rounded in caudal view, not prominent in lateral view. Pygidium of females often (but not always) modified at apex (see Remarks under species accounts below).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445C7C68FF3DFE5BFB844AEC" blockId="6.[189,1398,267,540]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">- Pygidium of males with a ventral small, flat or slightly hollowed surface with posterior margin rounded or pointed at center. In females this area is bigger and deeply hollowed.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445C7C68FF3DFE1DFD594AC1" blockId="6.[189,1398,267,540]" box="[189,734,478,505]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">- Pygidium of females without pygidial stylus.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445C7C68FF3DFDC0FC1C4925" blockId="6.[189,1398,267,540]" box="[189,923,514,540]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">- Propygidial scale tufts of females darker than those of males.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445C7C68FF3DFD81FB7849B9" blockId="6.[189,1398,579,641]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Some species have protibial teeth 1–2 and/or 3–4 closer to one another than to the others. This character is not consistent among all the specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445C7C68FD4AFDA4FCD149B9" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[714,854,614,640]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445C7C68FD4AFDA4FCD149B9" box="[714,854,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hybovalgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as it varies within the same species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3F0496445C7C68FF3DF812FAAB4CD2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832556" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3832556" box="[189,1324,2000,2027]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3832556/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[189,232,2000,2026]" targetBox="[312,1231,815,1902]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445C7C68FF3DF812FAAB4CD2" blockId="6.[189,1324,2000,2027]" box="[189,1324,2000,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B934880C445C7C68FF3DF812FE8D4CD2" bold="true" box="[189,266,2000,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
Mating pair of 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445C7C68FE42F813FCF04CD2" authority="Moser, 1904" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1904" box="[450,887,2001,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonkinensis">
<emphasis id="B934880C445C7C68FE42F813FD5D4CD2" box="[450,730,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hybovalgus tonkinensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF445C7C68FD61F813FCF04CD2" author="Moser J." box="[737,887,2001,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="266 - 273" refId="ref15835" refString="Moser J. 1904. Neue Valgiden-Arten. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 49: 266 - 273." type="journal article" year="1904">Moser, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from Fujian (IZAS). 
<emphasis id="B934880C445C7C68FBF9F812FB094CD3" bold="true" box="[1145,1166,2000,2026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A</emphasis>
. ♂. 
<emphasis id="B934880C445C7C68FB42F813FA874CD3" bold="true" box="[1218,1280,2000,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B– C</emphasis>
. ♀.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445D7C69FF3DFEC9FB4A4A4B" blockId="7.[189,1399,267,370]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Another character that we decided not to use for the separation of species is the presence or absence of cretaceous maculae on the propygidium or pygidium of males. In some species those maculae are really difficult to see because they are covered with thick scales or by the built-up body grease.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35A0795445D7C69FF3DFE5EFBAF4830" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445D7C69FF3DFE5EFE6D4A8F" blockId="7.[189,490,412,438]" box="[189,490,412,438]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="D0B7E372445D7C69FF3DFE5EFE6D4A8F" bold="true" box="[189,490,412,438]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FF3DFE5EFE6D4A8F" bold="true" box="[189,490,412,438]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Identification of females</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445D7C69FF3DFE0FFAF04963" blockId="7.[189,1399,461,602]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Generally, it is easy to separate females from males because the pronotal posterior margin is more or less deeply excavated (
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FE77FE36FD104937" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[503,663,500,526]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bioculatus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FE77FE36FD104937" box="[503,663,500,526]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. bioculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FD29FE36FCBC4937" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1915" box="[681,827,500,526]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraternus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FD29FE36FCBC4937" box="[681,827,500,526]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. fraternus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FCCCFE36FC6A4937" baseAuthorityName="Nonfried" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[844,1005,500,526]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thibetanus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FCCCFE36FC6A4937" box="[844,1005,500,526]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. thibetanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FC7EFE36FB2E4937" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1904" box="[1022,1193,500,526]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonkinensis">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FC7EFE36FB2E4937" box="[1022,1193,500,526]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. tonkinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and/or the apex of the pygidium is modified into a pointed projection (
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FCE2FDD9FC71490D" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1915" box="[866,1014,538,564]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraternus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FCE2FDD9FC71490D" box="[866,1014,538,564]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. fraternus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FB89FDD9FB3D490D" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1944" box="[1033,1210,538,564]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexdentatus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FB89FDD9FB3D490D" box="[1033,1210,538,564]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. sexdentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FB4DFDD9FAE8490D" baseAuthorityName="Nonfried" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[1229,1391,538,564]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thibetanus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FB4DFDD9FAE8490D" box="[1229,1391,538,564]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. thibetanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FF3DFD83FEE34963" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1904" box="[189,356,576,602]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonkinensis">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FF3DFD83FEE34963" box="[189,356,576,602]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. tonkinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), a rounded projection (
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FDFCFD83FC9E4963" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[636,793,576,602]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bioculatus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FDFCFD83FC9E4963" box="[636,793,576,602]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. bioculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), or the apex is simply rounded (
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FB18FD83FA814963" authority="Ricchiardi, 2017" authorityName="Ricchiardi" authorityYear="2017" box="[1176,1286,576,602]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calvus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FB18FD83FA814963" box="[1176,1286,576,602]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. calvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2073577445D7C69FA8CFD82FAED4963" box="[1292,1386,576,602]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445D7C69FF3DFD46FC6249FD" blockId="7.[189,1398,644,709]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Often, females are larger than males. All the females we studied bear black propygidial scale tufts, even when their male counterparts have testaceous propygidial scale tufts.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445D7C69FF3DFD2DFBAF4830" blockId="7.[189,1064,751,777]" box="[189,1064,751,777]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Females of two species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FE5DFD32FD3C4830" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1904" box="[477,699,751,777]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvosquamosus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FE5DFD32FD3C4830" box="[477,699,751,777]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. fulvosquamosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FD75FD32FCFD4830" authorityName="Ricchiardi" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Endrodi" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[757,890,751,777]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jordansi">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FD75FD32FCFD4830" box="[757,890,751,777]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. jordansi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35A0795445D7C69FF3DFCF1FDEB4DA9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445D7C69FF3DFCF1FDB44874" blockId="7.[189,563,819,845]" box="[189,563,819,845]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="D0B7E372445D7C69FF3DFCF1FDB44874" bold="true" box="[189,563,819,845]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FF3DFCF1FDB44874" bold="true" box="[189,563,819,845]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Variability of paramere shape</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445D7C69FF3DFCA7FDCA4FEF" blockId="7.[189,1399,869,1238]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
After analysis of the males of a many 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FDFFFCA7FD5E4846" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1842" box="[639,729,869,895]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Valgina">Valgina</taxonomicName>
belonging to hundreds of species, we concluded that the study of the shape of the parameres is a reliable way to define species. There are, however, a couple of notable exceptions. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF445D7C69FE59FC70FCBC48F5" author="Jameson M. L. &amp; Swoboda K. A." box="[473,827,945,972]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="658 - 672" refId="ref15548" refString="Jameson M. L. &amp; Swoboda K. A. 2005. Synopsis of the scarab beetle tribe Valgini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) in the New World. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 98 (5): 658 - 672. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2005) 098 [0658: SOSBTV] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2005">Jameson &amp; Swoboda (2005)</bibRefCitation>
, revising the New World 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FB04FC73FB6648F2" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1842" box="[1156,1249,945,971]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Valgina">Valgina</taxonomicName>
, wrote that: “However, one species of New World valgine, 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FD63FC15FBE648C8" authority="Beauvois, 1807" authorityName="Beauvois" authorityYear="1807" box="[739,1121,983,1009]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Valgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seticollis">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FD63FC15FC2648C8" box="[739,929,983,1009]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Valgus seticollis</emphasis>
Beauvois, 1807
</taxonomicName>
, has extremely variable male genitalia although there is an overall similarity in pattern” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF445D7C69FC26FC3FFB664F21" author="Jameson M. L. &amp; Swoboda K. A." box="[934,1249,1021,1048]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="658 - 672" refId="ref15548" refString="Jameson M. L. &amp; Swoboda K. A. 2005. Synopsis of the scarab beetle tribe Valgini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) in the New World. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 98 (5): 658 - 672. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2005) 098 [0658: SOSBTV] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2005">Jameson &amp; Swoboda 2005</bibRefCitation>
: figs 31–35); “Other characters that we examined are consistent within this species, including form of the tarsomeres, pygidial spine, pronotum, sternites, and spiracles. Lacking other morphological characters to separate the genitalic forms, we conservatively group all the forms as one species. A thorough study of the genitalic forms of 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FE1DFB55FDA34F89" authorityName="Beauvois" authorityYear="1807" box="[413,548,1174,1200]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Valgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seticollis">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FE1DFB55FDA34F89" box="[413,548,1174,1200]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">V. seticollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would be an excellent topic for a molecular analysis and could reveal interesting evolutionary patterns”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445D7C69FF3DFAC2FEDD4EE0" blockId="7.[189,1399,1280,1497]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF445D7C69FF3DFAC2FED94E22" author="Kolbe H. J." box="[189,350,1280,1307]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="184 - 215" refId="ref15622" refString="Kolbe H. J. 1897. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der melitophilen Lamellicornier (Coleoptera). VIII. Die Afrikanischen Genera und Spezies der Valgiden. Entomologische Zeitung 58: 184 - 215." type="journal article" year="1897">Kolbe (1897)</bibRefCitation>
described a new 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FDB7FAC2FD164E23" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1842" box="[567,657,1280,1306]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Valgina">Valgina</taxonomicName>
genus, 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FD72FAC2FC014E23" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1897" box="[754,902,1280,1306]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FD72FAC2FC014E23" box="[754,902,1280,1306]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Homovalgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, to include 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FB9CFAC2FB5A4E23" authorityName="Beauvois" authorityYear="1807" box="[1052,1245,1280,1306]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Valgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seticollis">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FB9CFAC2FB5A4E23" box="[1052,1245,1280,1306]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Valgus seticollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF445D7C69FB70FAC3FE074E78" author="Jameson M. L. &amp; Swoboda K. A." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="658 - 672" refId="ref15548" refString="Jameson M. L. &amp; Swoboda K. A. 2005. Synopsis of the scarab beetle tribe Valgini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) in the New World. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 98 (5): 658 - 672. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2005) 098 [0658: SOSBTV] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2005">Jameson &amp; Swoboda (2005)</bibRefCitation>
clarified the nomenclature of the species and placed it under 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FBDAFAE5FB2F4E78" authorityName="Scriba" authorityYear="1790" box="[1114,1192,1319,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Valgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FBDAFAE5FB2F4E78" box="[1114,1192,1319,1345]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Valgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is our opinion that because the shape of the parameres is similar to that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FC13FA8FFB984E5E" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[915,1055,1357,1383]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FC13FA8FFB984E5E" box="[915,1055,1357,1383]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hybovalgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FBA7FA8FFB534E5E" authorityName="Endrodi" authorityYear="1952" box="[1063,1236,1357,1383]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dasyvalgoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FBA7FA8FFB534E5E" box="[1063,1236,1357,1383]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dasyvalgoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the lack of a pygidial stylus in females, this species must be separated from 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FC6FFAB1FBBA4EB4" authorityName="Scriba" authorityYear="1790" box="[1007,1085,1395,1421]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Valgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FC6FFAB1FBBA4EB4" box="[1007,1085,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Valgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and that its valid name is 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FF3DFA5BFE434E8A" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1897" box="[189,452,1433,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seticollis">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FF3DFA5BFE434E8A" box="[189,452,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Homovalgus seticollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The relationships of this species to the Oriental 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FBA2FA5BFBFB4E8A" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1842" box="[1058,1148,1433,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Valgina">Valgina</taxonomicName>
could add appeal to further study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445D7C69FF3DF9C6FDEB4DA9" blockId="7.[189,1399,1539,1680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
In the Oriental Region, another species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FD1AF9C1FC1D4D27" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1915" box="[666,922,1539,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraternus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FD1AF9C1FC1D4D27" box="[666,922,1539,1566]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hybovalgus fraternus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is a similar case to that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FB62F9C1FEA24D7D" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seticollis">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FB62F9C1FEA24D7D" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Homovalgus seticollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FEB7F9E8FDBD4D7D" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1915" box="[311,570,1578,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraternus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FEB7F9E8FDBD4D7D" box="[311,570,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hybovalgus fraternus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also exhibits limited variation in morphology and great variation in paramere shape. This is why we decided to conservatively avoid splitting this species merely on the basis of variation in paramere shape.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35A0795445D7C69FF3DF978FE2B4CD5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445D7C69FF3DF978FE604DEC" blockId="7.[189,487,1722,1749]" box="[189,487,1722,1749]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="D0B7E372445D7C69FF3DF978FE604DEC" bold="true" box="[189,487,1722,1749]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FF3DF978FE604DEC" bold="true" box="[189,487,1722,1749]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description of aedeagus</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E445D7C69FF3DF92EFE2B4CD5" blockId="7.[189,1399,1772,2028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<figureCitation id="137B489B445D7C69FF3DF92EFEA34C3F" box="[189,292,1772,1798]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[219,1362,296,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[204,1383,265,1765]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 3. Different shapes of aedeagus. A. Hybovalgus fraternus Moser, 1904. B. H. thibetanus (Nonfried, 1891). C. H. tonkinensis Moser, 1904. Proposed nomenclature of Hybovalgus aedeagus: aap = anterior apex of phallobase; ap = apex of parameres; bl = basal lobe; bmn = baso-medial notch; etp = sub-apical external tooth of parameres; iml = internal medial lobe; itp = sub-apical internal tooth of parameres; ma = membrane of aedeagus; pb = phallobase; spb = sclerotized upper anterior part of phallobase; vs = V-shaped ventro-apically membranous region of aedeagus. Drawings: grey parts: parameres; white parts: phallobase." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3832558/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 3</figureCitation>
shows several examples of the aedeagus of Chinese 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D445D7C69FC35F92EFBC64C3F" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[949,1089,1772,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C445D7C69FC35F92EFBC64C3F" box="[949,1089,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hybovalgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species along with some nomenclature. The outline of the aedeagus is distinctive. The phallobase is always V-shaped ventroapically (vs) and with a sclerotized upper anterior part (spb) notched, flat or pointed, sometime variable within the same species. The parameres are prominent, with the apex extended and with different shapes, with or without a sub-apical external or internal tooth; basal lobe more or less developed and in some cases variable in shape within a species. In lateral view the parameres shows a more or less deep, basomedial notch (bmn).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF3F049644527C66FF3DF93FFE0C4CD2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832558" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3832558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3832558/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[189,232,1789,1815]" targetBox="[219,1362,296,1749]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BFF541E44527C66FF3DF93FFE0C4CD2" blockId="8.[189,1399,1789,2027]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B934880C44527C66FF3DF93FFE8D4C2E" bold="true" box="[189,266,1789,1815]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
Different shapes of aedeagus. 
<emphasis id="B934880C44527C66FDEEF93FFD044C2E" bold="true" box="[622,643,1789,1815]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D44527C66FD11F93FFBAB4C21" authority="Moser, 1904" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1904" box="[657,1068,1789,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraternus">
<emphasis id="B934880C44527C66FD11F93FFC174C21" box="[657,912,1789,1816]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hybovalgus fraternus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF44527C66FC16F93CFBAB4C21" author="Moser J." box="[918,1068,1790,1816]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="266 - 273" refId="ref15835" refString="Moser J. 1904. Neue Valgiden-Arten. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 49: 266 - 273." type="journal article" year="1904">Moser, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B934880C44527C66FBB6F93CFBCD4C21" bold="true" box="[1078,1098,1790,1816]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D44527C66FBD8F93CFE824C02" authority="(Nonfried, 1891)" baseAuthorityName="Nonfried" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thibetanus">
<emphasis id="B934880C44527C66FBD8F93CFB724C2E" box="[1112,1269,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. thibetanus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF44527C66FA83F93FFF7B4C02" author="Nonfried A. F." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="359 - 379" refId="ref15965" refString="Nonfried A. F. 1891. Weitere Beitrage zur Kaferfauna von Sudasien und Neuguinea. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 36 (2): 359 - 379." type="journal article" year="1891">Nonfried, 1891</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B934880C44527C66FE90F8E3FEA24C02" bold="true" box="[272,293,1825,1851]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D44527C66FEB5F8E0FDFC4C02" authority="Moser, 1904" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1904" box="[309,635,1825,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonkinensis">
<emphasis id="B934880C44527C66FEB5F8E0FE5A4C02" box="[309,477,1825,1851]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. tonkinensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF44527C66FE65F8E3FDFC4C02" author="Moser J." box="[485,635,1825,1851]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="266 - 273" refId="ref15835" refString="Moser J. 1904. Neue Valgiden-Arten. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 49: 266 - 273." type="journal article" year="1904">Moser, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Proposed nomenclature of 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D44527C66FC43F8E3FBC84C02" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[963,1103,1825,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C44527C66FC43F8E3FBC84C02" box="[963,1103,1825,1851]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hybovalgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
aedeagus: aap = anterior apex of phallobase; ap = apex of parameres; bl = basal lobe; bmn = baso-medial notch; etp = sub-apical external tooth of parameres; iml = internal medial lobe; itp = sub-apical internal tooth of parameres; ma = membrane of aedeagus; pb = phallobase; spb = sclerotized upper anterior part of phallobase; vs = V-shaped ventro-apically membranous region of aedeagus. Drawings: grey parts: parameres; white parts: phallobase.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C35A079544537C67FF3DFEC9FC5949E3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFF541E44537C67FF3DFEC9FED14A1C" blockId="9.[189,342,267,293]" box="[189,342,267,293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="D0B7E37244537C67FF3DFEC9FED14A1C" bold="true" box="[189,342,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B934880C44537C67FF3DFEC9FED14A1C" bold="true" box="[189,342,267,293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E44537C67FF3DFEF8FDD04931" blockId="9.[189,1399,314,520]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D44537C67FF3DFEF8FECE4A6D" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[189,329,314,340]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C44537C67FF3DFEF8FECE4A6D" box="[189,329,314,340]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hybovalgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are mostly distributed in south-central continental 
<collectingCountry id="F357148E44537C67FBBAFEF8FB044A6D" box="[1082,1155,314,340]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">China</collectingCountry>
, with most species extending to northern 
<collectingCountry id="F357148E44537C67FE3FFE9DFE7C4A40" box="[447,507,351,377]" name="Laos" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Laos</collectingCountry>
, northern 
<collectingCountry id="F357148E44537C67FDEFFE9CFD524A41" box="[623,725,350,376]" name="Vietnam" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, Hainan Island (5–6 species) and 
<collectingCountry id="F357148E44537C67FBDDFE9CFB304A41" box="[1117,1207,350,376]" name="Taiwan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
. In 
<collectingCountry id="F357148E44537C67FB5FFE9CFAB24A41" box="[1247,1333,350,376]" name="Taiwan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
there are six species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D44537C67FEFEFE40FCBD4AA5" authority="(Sawada, 1941)" baseAuthorityName="Sawada" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[382,826,386,412]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamiyai">
<emphasis id="B934880C44537C67FEFEFE40FDF54AA5" box="[382,626,386,412]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hybovalgus kamiyai</emphasis>
(Sawada, 1941)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D44537C67FCC9FE41FBED4AA5" authority="Sawada, 1939" authorityName="Sawada" authorityYear="1939" box="[841,1130,386,412]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B934880C44537C67FCC9FE41FC324AA5" box="[841,949,387,412]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. major</emphasis>
Sawada, 1939
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D44537C67FBF9FE41FF7C4AF8" authority="Miyake, 1985" authorityName="Miyake" authorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsudai">
<emphasis id="B934880C44537C67FBF9FE41FA8B4AA5" box="[1145,1292,386,412]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. matsudai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF44537C67FA95FE40FF7C4AF8" author="Miyake Y." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref15811" refString="Miyake Y. 1985. A revision of the subfamily Valginae from Taiwan. The Society of Lamellicornia 1: 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1985">Miyake, 1985</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D44537C67FE87FE65FD3C4AF8" authority="Miyake, 1985" authorityName="Miyake" authorityYear="1985" box="[263,699,422,449]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obsoletosquamosus">
<emphasis id="B934880C44537C67FE87FE65FD894AF9" box="[263,526,422,448]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. obsoletosquamosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF44537C67FD95FE64FD3C4AF8" author="Miyake Y." box="[533,699,422,449]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref15811" refString="Miyake Y. 1985. A revision of the subfamily Valginae from Taiwan. The Society of Lamellicornia 1: 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1985">Miyake, 1985</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D44537C67FD47FE65FBC94AF9" authority="(Sawada, 1941)" baseAuthorityName="Sawada" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[711,1102,422,448]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagoensis">
<emphasis id="B934880C44537C67FD47FE65FC084AF9" box="[711,911,422,448]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. takasagoensis</emphasis>
(Sawada, 1941)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D44537C67FB05FE65FF7D4ADD" authority="Moser 1911" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracicus">
<emphasis id="B934880C44537C67FB05FE65FAA24AF9" box="[1157,1317,422,448]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. thoracicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF44537C67FAABFE65FF7D4ADD" author="Moser J." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="119 - 129" refId="ref15900" refString="Moser J. 1911. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Cetoniden (IX). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 55: 119 - 129." type="journal article" year="1911">Moser 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. These six Taiwanese species are considered endemic, but their relationships with continental 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D44537C67FF3DFE2CFECE4931" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[189,329,494,520]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C44537C67FF3DFE2CFECE4931" box="[189,329,494,520]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hybovalgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
must still be analyzed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E44537C67FF3DFDF2FC5949E3" blockId="9.[189,1399,560,730]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<figureCitation id="137B489B44537C67FF3DFDF2FEA44973" box="[189,291,560,586]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[186,1399,1075,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[186,1399,1075,1923]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Dotted area: approximate distribution of Hybovalgus. Original map from http://www.d-maps. com/pays.php?num_pay=77&amp;lang=it." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3832560/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figure 4</figureCitation>
shows the approximate distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D44537C67FC84FDF2FC174973" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[772,912,560,586]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C44537C67FC84FDF2FC174973" box="[772,912,560,586]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hybovalgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. In the west, the genus inhabits Yunnan and Sichuan (there are no records so far for 
<collectingCountry id="F357148E44537C67FC92FD97FC0D4956" box="[786,906,597,623]" name="Myanmar" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
). In the east some species reach 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44537C67FB7AFD96FAF54957" box="[1274,1394,596,622]" country="China" name="Shandong" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Shandong</collectingRegion>
, Jangsu and 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44537C67FECBFDBAFE3049AB" box="[331,439,632,658]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
. In the north there are extensions into the southestern part of Palaearctic 
<collectingCountry id="F357148E44537C67FAB0FDBAFAF149AB" box="[1328,1398,632,658]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">China</collectingCountry>
(
<emphasis id="B934880C44537C67FF47FD5FFE8F498F" box="[199,264,669,694]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF44537C67FE93FD5EFE63498F" author="Chen L. &amp; Song Y. &amp; Xu S." box="[275,484,668,694]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="833 - 841" refId="ref15461" refString="Chen L., Song Y. &amp; Xu S. 2008. The boundary of Paleartic and Oriental realms in western China. Progress in Natural Science 18 (7): 833 - 841. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pnsc. 2008.02.004" type="journal article" year="2008">
Chen 
<emphasis id="B934880C44537C67FEDBFD5FFE1D498F" box="[347,410,668,694]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
). We found no records of 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D44537C67FCA7FD5EFC34498F" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[807,947,668,694]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C44537C67FCA7FD5EFC34498F" box="[807,947,668,694]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hybovalgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44537C67FB82FD5FFBC8498E" box="[1026,1103,669,695]" country="China" name="Henan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Henan</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44537C67FB0DFD5EFB51498F" box="[1165,1238,668,694]" country="China" name="Anhui" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Anhui</collectingRegion>
provinces or 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44537C67FF3DFD02FEB849E3" box="[189,319,704,730]" country="China" name="Chongqing" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chongqing</collectingRegion>
Municipality, but this may be due to a lack of collecting.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35A079544537C64FF3DFCC0FD034AE6" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFF541E44537C67FF3DFCC0FD3B4825" blockId="9.[189,700,770,796]" box="[189,700,770,796]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="D0B7E37244537C67FF3DFCC0FD3B4825" bold="true" box="[189,700,770,796]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B934880C44537C67FF3DFCC0FD3B4825" bold="true" box="[189,700,770,796]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Summary of Chinese species distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E44537C67FF3DFCF3FBDA4875" blockId="9.[189,1398,817,1024]" box="[189,1117,817,844]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D44537C67FF3DFCF3FDE04875" authority="Kolbe, 1904" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[189,615,817,844]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bioculatus">
<emphasis id="B934880C44537C67FF3DFCF3FE4D4872" box="[189,458,817,843]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hybovalgus bioculatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF44537C67FE52FCF3FDE04875" author="Kolbe H. J." box="[466,615,817,844]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="3 - 57" refId="ref15657" refString="Kolbe H. J. 1904. Gattungen und Arten der Valgiden von Sumatra und Borneo. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 65: 3 - 57." type="journal article" year="1904">Kolbe, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F357148E44537C67FDF2FCF0FD294875" box="[626,686,818,844]" name="Laos" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Laos</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F357148E44537C67FD3AFCF3FCA74872" box="[698,800,817,843]" name="Vietnam" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F357148E44537C67FCACFCF3FCF54872" box="[812,882,817,843]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44537C67FC01FCF3FC5D4872" box="[897,986,817,843]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hainan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44537C67FC66FCF3FBD74875" box="[998,1104,817,844]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E44537C67FF3DFC97FCBC4849" blockId="9.[189,1398,817,1024]" box="[189,827,853,880]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D44537C67FF3DFC97FE1C4856" authority="Ricchiardi, 2017" authorityName="Ricchiardi" authorityYear="2017" box="[189,411,853,879]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calvus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B934880C44537C67FF3DFC97FE1C4856" box="[189,411,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hybovalgus calvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A207357744537C67FE23FC94FD864849" box="[419,513,854,880]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F357148E44537C67FD8CFC97FDF54856" box="[524,626,853,879]" name="Vietnam" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F357148E44537C67FDFEFC97FD434856" box="[638,708,853,879]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44537C67FD53FC97FCA94849" box="[723,814,853,880]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hainan</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E44537C67FF3DFCBBFE314881" blockId="9.[189,1398,817,1024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D44537C67FF3DFCBBFDDE48AD" authority="Moser, 1915" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1915" box="[189,601,889,916]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraternus">
<emphasis id="B934880C44537C67FF3DFCBBFE3B48AD" box="[189,444,889,916]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hybovalgus fraternus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF44537C67FE42FCB8FDDE48AD" author="Moser J." box="[450,601,889,916]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="579 - 605" refId="ref15927" refString="Moser J. 1915. Neue Melolonthiden und Cetoniden (Col.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1915 (6): 579 - 605. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 191519150603" type="journal article" year="1915">Moser, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F357148E44537C67FDE4FCBBFD4D48AA" box="[612,714,889,915]" name="Vietnam" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F357148E44537C67FD55FCB8FC9648AD" box="[725,785,890,916]" name="Laos" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Laos</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F357148E44537C67FC9CFCBBFCE548AA" box="[796,866,889,915]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44537C67FCF1FCBBFC4648AA" box="[881,961,889,915]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fujian</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44537C67FC4CFCBBFBB048AA" box="[972,1079,889,915]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44537C67FBC3FCBBFB2348AA" box="[1091,1188,889,915]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44537C67FB2FFCBBFA9048AA" box="[1199,1303,889,915]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
, Jangxi, 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44537C67FF63FC5CFEB34881" box="[227,308,926,952]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hunan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44537C67FEC0FC5FFE2D4881" box="[320,426,925,952]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E44537C67FF3DFC03FAA648E5" blockId="9.[189,1398,817,1024]" box="[189,1313,961,988]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D44537C67FF3DFC03FD2C48E2" authority="Moser, 1904" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1904" box="[189,683,961,988]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvosquamosus">
<emphasis id="B934880C44537C67FF3DFC03FD8C48E2" box="[189,523,961,987]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hybovalgus fulvosquamosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF44537C67FD93FC00FD2C48E2" author="Moser J." box="[531,683,961,988]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="266 - 273" refId="ref15835" refString="Moser J. 1904. Neue Valgiden-Arten. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 49: 266 - 273." type="journal article" year="1904">Moser, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F357148E44537C67FD36FC00FD7548E5" box="[694,754,962,988]" name="Laos" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Laos</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F357148E44537C67FD7DFC03FCE448E2" box="[765,867,961,987]" name="Vietnam" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F357148E44537C67FCEFFC03FC3248E2" box="[879,949,961,987]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44537C67FC44FC03FB9A48E2" box="[964,1053,961,987]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hainan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44537C67FBA9FC00FBFD48E5" box="[1065,1146,962,988]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hunan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44537C67FB06FC03FA9348E5" box="[1158,1300,961,988]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E44537C67FF3DFC27FCB04F39" blockId="9.[189,1398,817,1024]" box="[189,823,997,1024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D44537C67FF3DFC27FDFF4F39" authority="(Endrodi, 1952)" authorityName="Ricchiardi" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Endrodi" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[189,632,997,1024]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jordansi">
<emphasis id="B934880C44537C67FF3DFC27FE3648C6" box="[189,433,997,1023]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hybovalgus jordansi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF44537C67FE40FC27FDE84F39" author="Endrodi S." box="[448,623,997,1024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="41 - 71" refId="ref15512" refString="Endrodi S. 1952. Neue und bekannte Hopliinen und Valginen aus der Fukien-Ausbeute des Herrn J. Klapperich. Folia Entomologica Hungarica (series nova) 5 (2): 41 - 71." type="journal article" year="1952">Endrödi, 1952</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F357148E44537C67FD03FC27FD4E48C6" box="[643,713,997,1023]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44537C67FD59FC27FCAC4F39" box="[729,811,997,1024]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fujian</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3F049644537C67FF3DF86FFDFD4CD2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832560" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3832560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3832560/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[189,232,1965,1991]" targetBox="[186,1399,1075,1923]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BFF541E44537C67FF3DF86FFDFD4CD2" blockId="9.[189,1399,1965,2027]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B934880C44537C67FF3DF86FFE8A4CFE" bold="true" box="[189,269,1965,1991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
Dotted area: approximate distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D44537C67FC85F86FFC164CFE" authorityName="Kolbe" authorityYear="1904" box="[773,913,1965,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B934880C44537C67FC85F86FFC164CFE" box="[773,913,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hybovalgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Original map from http://www.d-maps. com/pays.php?num_pay=77&amp;lang=it.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E44507C64FF3DFEC9FEF04A72" blockId="10.[189,1398,267,479]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D44507C64FF3DFEC9FD0B4A1C" authority="Arrow, 1944" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1944" box="[189,652,267,294]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexdentatus">
<emphasis id="B934880C44507C64FF3DFEC9FE674A1C" box="[189,480,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hybovalgus sexdentatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF44507C64FE6DFECEFD0B4A1C" author="Arrow G. J." box="[493,652,267,294]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="225 - 246" refId="ref15263" refString="Arrow G. J. 1944. The beetles of the Lamellicorn subfamily Valginae, with a synopsis of the genera and descriptions of some new species. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society 94 (2): 225 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1944. tb 01218. x" type="journal article" year="1944">Arrow, 1944</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F357148E44507C64FD1CFEC9FC854A1C" box="[668,770,267,293]" name="Vietnam" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F357148E44507C64FC94FECEFCD74A1F" box="[788,848,268,294]" name="Laos" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Laos</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F357148E44507C64FCE2FEC9FC2F4A1C" box="[866,936,267,293]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44507C64FC3EFEC9FBA04A1C" box="[958,1063,267,293]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44507C64FBB8FECEFB124A1F" box="[1080,1173,268,294]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44507C64FB27FEC9FA8F4A1C" box="[1191,1288,267,293]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44507C64FA9AFEC9FAF54A1C" box="[1306,1394,267,293]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hainan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44507C64FF63FEF2FED84A72" box="[227,351,304,331]" country="China" name="Shandong" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Shandong</collectingRegion>
?).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E44507C64FF3DFE97FE314AAC" blockId="10.[189,1398,267,479]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D44507C64FF3DFE97FD184A49" authority="(Nonfried, 1891)" baseAuthorityName="Nonfried" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[189,671,341,368]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thibetanus">
<emphasis id="B934880C44507C64FF3DFE97FE484A56" box="[189,463,341,367]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hybovalgus thibetanus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF44507C64FE64FE97FD104A49" author="Nonfried A. F." box="[484,663,341,368]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="359 - 379" refId="ref15965" refString="Nonfried A. F. 1891. Weitere Beitrage zur Kaferfauna von Sudasien und Neuguinea. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 36 (2): 359 - 379." type="journal article" year="1891">Nonfried,1891</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F357148E44507C64FD2FFE97FD724A56" box="[687,757,341,367]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44507C64FC89FE97FCEF4A56" box="[777,872,341,367]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44507C64FCF8FE97FC5E4A56" box="[888,985,341,367]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
, Jangsu, 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44507C64FBCDFE97FB294A56" box="[1101,1198,341,367]" country="China" name="Shaanxi" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Shaanxi</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44507C64FB3FFE97FA904A56" box="[1215,1303,341,367]" country="China" name="Jiangxi" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Jiangxi</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44507C64FAA7FE97FAF54A56" box="[1319,1394,341,367]" country="China" name="Hubei" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hubei</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44507C64FF63FEB8FEB64AAD" box="[227,305,378,404]" country="China" name="Gansu" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gansu</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44507C64FEBCFEB8FE2D4AAC" box="[316,426,378,405]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF541E44507C64FF3DFE5DFD034AE6" blockId="10.[189,1398,267,479]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C402F9D44507C64FF3DFE5DFD054A80" authority="Moser, 1904" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1904" box="[189,642,415,442]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Hybovalgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonkinensis">
<emphasis id="B934880C44507C64FF3DFE5DFE5E4A80" box="[189,473,415,441]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hybovalgus tonkinensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD129EF44507C64FE66FE62FD054A80" author="Moser J." box="[486,642,415,442]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="266 - 273" refId="ref15835" refString="Moser J. 1904. Neue Valgiden-Arten. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 49: 266 - 273." type="journal article" year="1904">Moser, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F357148E44507C64FD12FE5DFD7F4A80" box="[658,760,415,441]" name="Vietnam" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F357148E44507C64FC89FE5DFCC84A80" box="[777,847,415,441]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44507C64FCE3FE5DFC344A80" box="[867,947,415,441]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fujian</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44507C64FC44FE5DFBA84A80" box="[964,1071,415,441]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44507C64FBC0FE5DFB1F4A80" box="[1088,1176,415,441]" country="China" name="Jiangxi" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Jiangxi</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44507C64FB28FE5DFA974A80" box="[1192,1296,415,441]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44507C64FAA1FE62FAF54A83" box="[1313,1394,416,442]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hunan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44507C64FF63FE06FECC4AE7" box="[227,331,452,478]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44507C64FED6FE06FE294AE7" box="[342,430,452,478]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hainan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44507C64FE3AFE06FD8F4AE7" box="[442,520,452,478]" country="China" name="Gansu" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gansu</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49849AFC44507C64FD93FE06FDF04AE6" box="[531,631,452,479]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>