980 lines
130 KiB
XML
980 lines
130 KiB
XML
<document id="64CD8409A27530FDC655C40F9DB5EF89" ID-CLB-Dataset="112242" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5145.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="72c2e0c4-02cc-4a97-8981-86a19d405de4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601806" ID-ZooBank="1F909F98-7D98-4930-93D8-DD55008D9C76" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1654064038305" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nicholls, James A., Melika, George, Digweed, Scott C. & Stone, Graham N." docDate="2022" docId="03E987BFFF9ECE334E9D5170AF4AAE77" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5145.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5145 (1)" docSource="http://zoobank.org/1f909f98-7d98-4930-93d8-dd55008d9c76" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Neuroterus niger Gillette 1888" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FFD0FFC7FFB1CE044E0A5057AC66AF12" masterDocTitle="Pairing of sexual and asexual generations of Nearctic oak gallwasps, with new synonyms and new species names (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)" masterLastPageNumber="79" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1699338524039" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="A0BF096345F4DF6156893456DD29BE20" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="7985E5CEF2E203254BE7E162E90333B7">
|
||
<mods:title id="ED379836CD0B70E5EC60C06B38416B92">Pairing of sexual and asexual generations of Nearctic oak gallwasps, with new synonyms and new species names (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="D7055B2D27C58B2FBBA0816B339C35D4" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="84A156F6119B3CA3B80ECD43567ACB77">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="A76833A81C02EA51C0E70FD78BD220B9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="2BD60FE842C452C878629C7C4DB8A411">Nicholls, James A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="25363F0FE5FD694C6DEAA3369572C5B0" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9325-563X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F9E3F2D391C1FFDDFEDF0289B65A5AE0" type="email">james.nicholls@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="82959DD0DEAFFDED067AFEBF91F04FC8" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="DD6F6D8B0F0EF50427B54CFB2FD5215D">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="4BECB3C82C471FA4365CAD7FA8A54890">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="90CC784C50C53A2B06A485DD7ED316F7">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E9A0B56A7A933090B4F48921F50E848C" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5204-6890</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EDA7F2ECBB4C4F2F49B7811BADD1153A" type="email">melikageorge@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="51FA0C3CDA288000775FB944E4104C53" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="D160EFE0853F20F612F7610BD9461B2C">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="3C2C0FA4FF512B61D1EB7865A93D576D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="03040A14CFA1B77EC9E97EFE90518CE4">Digweed, Scott C.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="657FCF0D59C262AC29F22B60D5226DDC" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5947-193X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CBE822986B53C1DCA609E4EDF2DEBC4B" type="email">scott.digweed@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="B9A3EA58BE11D53C191D98855597C55B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="33F1232324C86533F313C534F65F7019">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="6F25B5B099EC4C2223094B3E69106F57">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="1274A264AF04F39B50419D6579FD5E05">Stone, Graham N.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="690125A0EC1AB6E35E4F714B4DF66C94" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2737-696X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="64C3872B86DF70026B64F1311355CD24" type="email">graham.stone@ed.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="6E66408B793E2FB4B1F2BE94B7053B8A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="9B59076C678503FAF8E2CA5BBCB3D57F" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="098F1272F65DBC228830248B4DA6F675">
|
||
<mods:title id="CEB1A0072940CC7FE99A6ACBCDD5F1E3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="1ECC600C2227CF3317B66A22CB57561A">
|
||
<mods:date id="0CB6E2742389A2B31FAADDAFE830D8D9">2022</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="8CA9963A0609D1FAA43CF15A73132E3F" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="2FE135376B50C588231B54B0BFB8D1D9">2022-06-01</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="6637B2C4D7FC379D577C3764F3B938D6" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="F0F6E430869A896197727E3CE931FBB4">5145</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="987F2375361EE1D0939CDC4FFC8044E2" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="24651DBA6E5072AB731E41E316FD392D">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="0C17D882B50CDAC5DFEA3F540C6A1E03" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="5451B9A0F765606339D58FCB6D76B8C5">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="93D7074AF9FFA990D10BFCB345B7C1C8">79</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="283CE6E6FC30AB95BACB3034D7C34CBF">
|
||
<mods:url id="39B75A6AD9B2C5FC8D86DA1F4E69B7A3">http://zoobank.org/1f909f98-7d98-4930-93d8-dd55008d9c76</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="4B4F1D68DF1260CC13D0C01286360857">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="BACF8C233505F0DBCFB5EEC486BAA09F" type="CLB-Dataset">112242</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C255F0463F60F878FA5A47BBFF32D72A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5145.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="4379A8148C6875BE861A13DF1EA753C1" type="GBIF-Dataset">72c2e0c4-02cc-4a97-8981-86a19d405de4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E2489E2EF99033498B6318AA6B8C03D8" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="BC9D7149830C9B317319EAE9D3741C21" type="Zenodo-Dep">6601806</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="58937C70CBA7FF79233BDF520775E2D2" type="ZooBank">1F909F98-7D98-4930-93D8-DD55008D9C76</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03E987BFFF9ECE334E9D5170AF4AAE77" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6959026" ID-GBIF-Taxon="198576514" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6959026" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E987BFFF9ECE334E9D5170AF4AAE77" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E987BFFF9ECE334E9D5170AF4AAE77" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF9ECE2B4E9D5170AE73AE52" box="[151,533,294,321]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF9ECE2B4E9D5170AE73AE52" blockId="47.[151,533,294,356]" box="[151,533,294,321]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<heading id="D0B781C5FF9ECE2B4E9D5170AE73AE52" bold="true" box="[151,533,294,321]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" reason="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4E9D5170AE73AE52" authority="Gillette, 1888" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,533,294,321]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4E9D5170AE73AE52" bold="true" box="[151,533,294,321]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Neuroterus niger
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4F645171AE73AE52" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[366,533,294,320]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="466 - 478" refId="ref39626" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1888) A study of the Cynipidae. Report of the Michigan State Board of Agriculture, 27, 466 - 478." type="journal article" year="1888">Gillette, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF9ECE2B4E9D511DAC96AED4" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF9ECE2B4E9D511DAD54AE76" blockId="47.[151,533,294,356]" box="[151,306,330,356]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF9ECE2B4E9D511DAD54AE76" box="[151,306,330,356]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 151–156" captionStart-1="FIGURES 157–161" captionStart-2="FIGURES 162–171" captionStart-3="FIGURES 172–176" captionStart-4="FIGURES 177–180" captionStart-5="FIGURES 181–182" captionStartId-0="48.[151,264,1818,1842]" captionStartId-1="50.[151,264,1888,1912]" captionStartId-2="51.[151,264,1846,1870]" captionStartId-3="52.[151,264,1329,1353]" captionStartId-4="53.[151,264,1951,1975]" captionStartId-5="54.[151,264,1012,1036]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1427,427,1794]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1420,350,1851]" captionTargetBox-2="[166,1425,203,1808]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1422,188,1290]" captionTargetBox-4="[174,1404,576,1914]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1436,181,988]" captionTargetId-0="figure-141@48.[151,1436,417,1795]" captionTargetId-1="figure-101@50.[151,1436,345,1865]" captionTargetId-2="figure-18@51.[151,1436,181,1822]" captionTargetId-3="figure-20@52.[151,1437,181,1306]" captionTargetId-4="figure-177@53.[151,1436,561,1928]" captionTargetId-5="figure-20@54.[151,1436,181,988]" captionTargetPageId-0="48" captionTargetPageId-1="50" captionTargetPageId-2="51" captionTargetPageId-3="52" captionTargetPageId-4="53" captionTargetPageId-5="54" captionText-0="FIGURES 151–156. Neuroterus niger Gillette, asexual generation, female. 151–154, head: 151, frontal view, 152, dorsal view, 153, posterior view, 154, lateral view. 155, antenna. 156, pronotum and propleuron, frontal view." captionText-1="FIGURES 157–161. Neuroterus niger Gillette, asexual generation, female. 157, mesosoma, lateral view. 158, mesosoma, dorsal view. 159, mesoscutellum, dorsal view. 160, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view. 161, metasoma, lateral view." captionText-2="FIGURES 162–171. Neuroterus niger Gillette, sexual generation. 162–165, head, female: 162, frontal view, 163, dorsal view, 164, posterior view, 165, lateral view. 166, antenna, female. 167–170, head, male: 167, frontal view, 168, dorsal view, 169, posterior view, 170, lateral view. 171, antenna, male." captionText-3="FIGURES 172–176. Neuroterus niger Gillette, sexual generation, female. 172, pronotum and propleuron, frontal view. 173, mesosoma, lateral view. 174, mesosoma, dorsal view. 175, mesoscutellum, dorsal view. 176, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view." captionText-4="FIGURES 177–180. Neuroterus niger Gillette, sexual generation. 177, metasoma, lateral view, sexual female. 178–180, male: 178, metasoma, lateral view, 179–180, mesosoma: 179, dorsal view, 180, lateral view." captionText-5="FIGURES 181–182. Neuroterus niger Gillette. 181, asexual gall. 182, sexual gall." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601884" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601888" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601892" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601896" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601898" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601900" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6601884/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6601888/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6601892/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6601896/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/6601898/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/6601900/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4E9D511DAD54AE76" bold="true" box="[151,306,330,356]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figs 151–182</emphasis>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF9ECE2B4E9D51D8AC96AED4" blockId="47.[151,1437,399,1558]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4E9D51D8AD69AEB5" bold="true" box="[151,271,399,423]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Synonyms:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4F1251C7AED2AEB5" authority="Gillette (1888: 218)" authorityName="Gillette" authorityPageNumber="218" authorityYear="1888" box="[280,692,399,423]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4F1251C7ADBDAEB5" box="[280,475,400,423]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Neuroterus nigrum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4FEE51D8AED2AEB5" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[484,692,399,423]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="466 - 478" refId="ref39626" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1888) A study of the Cynipidae. Report of the Michigan State Board of Agriculture, 27, 466 - 478." type="journal article" year="1888">Gillette (1888: 218)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, females and galls. Revised spelling by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4A5651D8AC8DAED4" author="Dalla Torre, K. W. von & Kieffer, J. J." pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref38819" refString="Dalla Torre, K. W. von & Kieffer, J. J. (1902) Hymenoptera, Family Cynipidae. Fascicles 9 & 10. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum. Verteneuil and Desmet, Brussels, pp. 1 - 83." type="book chapter" year="1902">Dalla Torre and Kieffer (1902: 51)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF9ECE2B4E9D519AAE74ADEA" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF9ECE2B4E9D519AAEDCAEF7" blockId="47.[151,1437,399,1558]" box="[151,698,460,485]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4E9D519AAE35AEF7" authority="Beutenmueller, 1910" authorityName="Beutenmueller" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,595,460,485]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papillosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4E9D519AAD11AEF6" box="[151,375,460,484]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Neuroterus papillosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4F77519BAE35AEF7" author="Beutenmueller, W." box="[381,595,460,485]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="117 - 136" refId="ref37745" refString="Beutenmueller, W. (1910) The North American species of Neuroterus and their galls. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 28, 117 - 136." type="journal article" year="1910">Beutenmueller, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4C57519AAEDCAEF7" bold="true" box="[605,698,461,485]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757C0FF9ECE2B4C57519AAEDCAEF7" box="[605,698,461,485]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF9ECE2B4E9D51BBA848AD30" blockId="47.[151,1437,399,1558]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB501187FF9ECE2B4E9D51BBA848AD30" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4E9D51BBAE46AD11" authority="Bassett, 1900" authorityName="Bassett" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,544,491,515]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perminimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4E9D51BBADEFAD11" box="[151,393,492,515]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Neuroterus perminimus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4F9851BBAE46AD11" author="Bassett, H. F." box="[402,544,491,515]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="310 - 336" refId="ref37510" refString="Bassett, H. F. (1900) New species of North American Cynipidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 26, 310 - 336." type="journal article" year="1900">Bassett, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Synonymized by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE110B8FF9ECE2B4CE951BCAF9AAD11" author="Beutenmueller, W." box="[739,1020,491,515]" page="121" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" year="1910">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4CE951BCAF9AAD11" author="Beutenmueller, W." box="[739,1020,491,515]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="117 - 136" refId="ref37745" refString="Beutenmueller, W. (1910) The North American species of Neuroterus and their galls. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 28, 117 - 136." type="journal article" year="1910">Beutenmueller (1910: 121)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, and treated as a variety of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4B2E51BBA91FAD11" authority="Gillette, 1888" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1888" box="[1316,1401,492,515]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4B2E51BBA91FAD11" box="[1316,1401,492,515]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE110B8FF9ECE2B4ECD525DADE4AD30" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[199,386,522,546]" page="48" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" year="1923">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4ECD525DADE4AD30" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[199,386,522,546]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref40308" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1923) The gall wasp genus Neuroterus (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 10 (58), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1923">Kinsey (1923: 48)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, but synonymy ignored by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4C9C525DAF73AD30" author="Weld, L. H." box="[662,789,522,546]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="594 - 654" refId="ref45012" refString="Weld, L. H. (1951) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Muesebeck, C. F. W., Krombein, K. V. & Townes, H. K. (Eds.) Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico. Agricultural Monograph No. 2. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., pp. 594 - 654." type="book chapter" year="1951">Weld (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and later authors;
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4DDB525DA848AD30" bold="true" box="[977,1070,522,546]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">syn. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF9ECE2B4E9D527EAF6AAD53" blockId="47.[151,1437,399,1558]" box="[151,780,552,577]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4E9D527EAD80AD53" authority="Gillette, 1889" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,486,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4E9D527EAD35AD52" box="[151,339,553,576]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Neuroterus vernus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4F52527FAD80AD53" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[344,486,552,577]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="281 - 285" refId="ref39656" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1889) New Cynipidae. Bulletin of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station, 7, 281 - 285." type="journal article" year="1889">Gillette, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sexual generation,
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4CA5527EAF6AAD53" bold="true" box="[687,780,553,577]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">syn. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF9ECE2B4E9D5210AE74ADEA" blockId="47.[151,1437,399,1558]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4E9D5210AD4DAD4D" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[151,299,583,607]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref40308" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1923) The gall wasp genus Neuroterus (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 10 (58), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1923">Kinsey (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described 5 additional varieties of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4CAB521FAE91AD4D" authority="Gillette, 1888" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1888" box="[673,759,584,607]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4CAB521FAE91AD4D" box="[673,759,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all inducing integral leaf galls. Four we consider as synonyms:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4ECD5230AEFBAD6C" authority="Kinsey, 1923" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1923" box="[199,669,614,638]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="niger" variety="arizonicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4ECD5230AD15AD6F" box="[199,371,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Neuroterus niger</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4FAC5231AE77AD6F" box="[422,529,614,637]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">arizonicae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4C1D5231AEFBAD6C" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[535,669,614,638]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref40308" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1923) The gall wasp genus Neuroterus (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 10 (58), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1923">Kinsey, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(asexual generation,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF9ECE2B4D795231AFA1AD6C" box="[883,967,614,638]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4DFB5231A816AD6F" ID-CoL="6X3QQ" box="[1009,1136,614,637]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arizonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4DFB5231A816AD6F" box="[1009,1136,614,637]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Q. arizonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4A8F5231A884AD6C" bold="true" box="[1157,1250,614,638]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">syn. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4AE55230ADD9AD8F" authority="Kinsey, 1923" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="niger" variety="grisea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4AE55230A9FAAD6F" box="[1263,1436,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Neuroterus niger</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4EF952D2AD54AD8E" box="[243,306,645,668]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">grisea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4F3352D3ADD9AD8F" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[313,447,644,669]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref40308" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1923) The gall wasp genus Neuroterus (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 10 (58), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1923">Kinsey, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(asexual generation,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF9ECE2B4C9D52D2AEB2AD8E" box="[663,724,645,668]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4CF552D2AF3BAD8E" ID-CoL="4R53K" box="[767,861,645,668]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grisea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4CF552D2AF3BAD8E" box="[767,861,645,668]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Q. grisea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4D7852D2AFB6AD8F" bold="true" box="[882,976,645,669]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">syn. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4DD452D2A9FBAD8F" authority="Kinsey, 1923" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1923" box="[990,1437,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="niger" variety="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4DD452D2A8ECAD8E" box="[990,1162,645,668]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Neuroterus niger</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4AB752D2A976AD8E" box="[1213,1296,645,668]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4B1D52D3A9FBAD8F" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[1303,1437,644,669]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref40308" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1923) The gall wasp genus Neuroterus (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 10 (58), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1923">Kinsey, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(asexual generation,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF9ECE2B4F9552F3ADBAADA9" box="[415,476,676,699]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4C0752F3AF75ADA9" ID-CoL="5R4MV" box="[525,787,675,699]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="sinuata" variety="breviloba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4C0752F3AE1CADA9" box="[525,634,676,699]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Q. sinuata</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4CB952F4AF75ADA9" box="[691,787,675,699]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">breviloba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4D3E52F3AFD0ADA9" ID-CoL="4R4FQ" box="[820,950,675,699]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="breviloba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4D3E52F3AFD0ADA9" box="[820,950,675,699]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Q. breviloba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4DFC52F3A805ADA9" ID-CoL="4R667" box="[1014,1123,675,699]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4DFC52F3A805ADA9" box="[1014,1123,675,699]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Q. stellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4A7152F4A8BDADA9" bold="true" box="[1147,1243,675,699]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">syn. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4AE652F3AD8FADC8" authority="Kinsey, 1923" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="niger" variety="pattersoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4AE652F3A9FAADA9" box="[1260,1436,676,699]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Neuroterus niger</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4EFE5295AD3DADCB" box="[244,347,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">pattersoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4F685295AD8FADC8" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[354,489,706,730]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref40308" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1923) The gall wasp genus Neuroterus (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 10 (58), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1923">Kinsey, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(asexual and sexual generations,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF9ECE2B4D4B5295AF18ADCB" box="[833,894,706,729]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4DA05295A8CCADC8" ID-CoL="5R4MV" box="[938,1194,706,730]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="sinuata" variety="breviloba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4DA05295A873ADCB" box="[938,1045,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Q. sinuata</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4A405295A8CCADC8" box="[1098,1194,706,730]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">breviloba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4AC25295A92EADC8" ID-CoL="4R4FQ" box="[1224,1352,706,730]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="breviloba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4AC25295A92EADC8" box="[1224,1352,706,730]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Q. breviloba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4B8E5295AD74ADEA" ID-CoL="4R667" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4B8E5295AD74ADEA" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Q. stellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively),
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4FA452B6AE6DADEB" bold="true" box="[430,523,737,761]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">syn. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF9ECE2B4E9D52A8AD11A904" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF9ECE2B4E9D52A8AFE6AB39" blockId="47.[151,1437,399,1558]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
The fifth
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4EFC52A8ADC2AC05" box="[246,420,767,791]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="variety" variety="described">variety described</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Kinsey is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4C245357AFBDAC05" authority="Kinsey, 1923" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1923" box="[558,987,767,791]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="niger" variety="alimas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4C245357AEBCAC05" box="[558,730,768,791]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Neuroterus niger</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4D0152A8AF29AC05" box="[779,847,767,791]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">alimas</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4D5F52A8AFBDAC05" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[853,987,767,791]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref40308" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1923) The gall wasp genus Neuroterus (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 10 (58), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1923">Kinsey, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sexual generation,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF9ECE2B4AAC5357A885AC05" box="[1190,1251,768,791]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4B075357A9F2AC05" box="[1293,1428,768,791]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4B075357A9F2AC05" box="[1293,1428,768,791]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Q. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) that was still considered as form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4C315348AEF6AC27" box="[571,656,798,822]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4C315348AEF6AC27" box="[571,656,798,822]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4CB35349AF23AC24" author="Burks, B. D." box="[697,837,798,822]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref38142" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D. Jr., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book" year="1979">Burks (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4DD75349A816AC24" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[989,1136,798,822]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref40308" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1923) The gall wasp genus Neuroterus (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 10 (58), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1923">Kinsey (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
this
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4AAF5349A926AC24" box="[1189,1344,798,822]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="variety" variety="induces">variety induces</taxonomicName>
|
||
a sexual generation spring gall, while the other four varieties induce autumn asexual generation galls. Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4B1C536AAD6DAC61" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="niger" variety="alimas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4B1C536AA90DAC46" box="[1302,1387,829,852]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. niger</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4ECD530CAD6DAC61" box="[199,267,859,883]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">alimas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4F8C530CAE5AAC61" box="[390,572,859,883]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="variety" variety="associated">variety associated</taxonomicName>
|
||
with section
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4CC2530BAF7CAC61" box="[712,794,860,883]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Virentes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4CC2530BAF7CAC61" box="[712,794,860,883]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Virentes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
oaks while the other four are on section
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4AC8530BA971AC61" box="[1218,1303,860,883]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4AC8530BA971AC61" box="[1218,1303,860,883]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
oaks, and as mentioned in the Introduction, no Nearctic cynipid species are shared across the oak sections (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4A98532DA9EBAC80" author="Abrahamson, W. G. & Melika, G. & Scrafford, R. & Csoka, G." box="[1170,1421,890,914]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1159 - 1165" refId="ref36931" refString="Abrahamson, W. G., Melika, G., Scrafford, R. & Csoka, G. (1998) Gall-inducing insects provide insights into plant systematic relationships. American Journal of Botany, 85 (8), 1159 - 1165. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2446348" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Abrahamson
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4B17532CA92CAC80" box="[1309,1354,890,914]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
a,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4ECD53CEAC9BACA3" author="Abrahamson, W. G. & Hunter, M. D. & Melika, G. & Price, P. W." box="[199,253,921,945]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="209 - 223" refId="ref36869" refString="Abrahamson, W. G., Hunter, M. D., Melika, G. & Price, P. W. (2003) Cynipid gall-wasp communities correlate with oak chemistry. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 29 (1), 209 - 223. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1021993017237" type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4F0D53CEADD0ACA3" author="Stone, G. N. & Hernandez-Lopez, A. & Nicholls, J. A. & di Pierro, E. & Pujade-Villar, J. & Melika, G. & Cook, J. M." box="[263,438,920,945]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="854 - 869" refId="ref44117" refString="Stone, G. N., Hernandez-Lopez, A., Nicholls, J. A., di Pierro, E., Pujade-Villar, J., Melika, G. & Cook, J. M. (2009). Extreme host plant conservatism during at least 20 million years of host plant pursuit by oak gallwasps. Evolution, 63, 854 - 869. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.2008.00604. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Stone
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4F4C53CEAD15ACA2" box="[326,371,920,944]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Hence biological information suggests that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4D7753CEA823ACA2" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1923" box="[893,1093,920,944]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="niger" variety="alimas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4D7753CEAFB6ACA2" box="[893,976,921,944]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. niger</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4A0B53CFA823ACA2" box="[1025,1093,920,944]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">alimas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a species distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4B4053CEADFBACDD" authority="(sensu Gillette 1888)" baseAuthorityName="sensu Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4B4053CEA9FAACA2" box="[1354,1436,921,944]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. niger</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4EDA53EFAD6EACDD" box="[208,264,952,975]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4F0553E0ADF0ACDD" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[271,406,951,975]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="466 - 478" refId="ref39626" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1888) A study of the Cynipidae. Report of the Michigan State Board of Agriculture, 27, 466 - 478." type="journal article" year="1888">Gillette 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the other four of Kinsey’s varieties.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4D4853E0AFB2ACDD" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[834,980,951,975]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref40308" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1923) The gall wasp genus Neuroterus (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 10 (58), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1923">Kinsey (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4A4E53EFA976ACDD" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1923" box="[1092,1296,951,975]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="niger" variety="alimas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4A4E53EFA8FEACDD" box="[1092,1176,952,975]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. niger</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4AC653E0A976ACDD" box="[1228,1296,951,975]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">alimas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D46FD20FF9ECE2B4B7253EFAD6AACFC" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FB880BFF9ECE2B4F115381AD13ACFC" box="[283,373,982,1006]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
– lost) and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D46FD20FF9ECE2B4FF95381AE36ACFC" box="[499,592,982,1006]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="male">13 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and gave no detailed morphological description for this variety. Thus, there is no morphological evidence for synonymisation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4CA353A2AF15AB1E" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1923" box="[681,883,1012,1036]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="niger" variety="alimas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4CA353A2AE9AAB1E" box="[681,764,1013,1036]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. niger</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4D2553A3AF15AB1E" box="[815,883,1012,1036]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">alimas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4D9E53A2AF81AB1E" baseAuthorityName="sensu Gillette" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[916,999,1013,1036]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4D9E53A2AF81AB1E" box="[916,999,1013,1036]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
while at the same time it cannot be treated as a valid species so
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4F905444AE02AB39" author="Melika, G. & Nicholls, J. A. & Abrahamson, W. G. & Buss, E. A. & Stone, G. N." box="[410,612,1043,1067]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 131" refId="ref41855" refString="Melika, G., Nicholls, J. A., Abrahamson, W. G., Buss, E. A. & Stone, G. N. (2021) New species of Nearctic oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini). Zootaxa, 5084 (1), 1 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5084.1.1" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Melika
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4FE25443AE72AB39" box="[488,532,1043,1067]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
moved it to
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4CEE5443AF1CAB39" box="[740,890,1043,1067]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF9ECE2B4E9D5465AD11A904" blockId="47.[151,1437,399,1558]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4E9D5465AD2CAB58" bold="true" box="[151,330,1074,1098]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Types examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Asexual generation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4C3F5464AF5EAB58" authority="Gillette" authorityName="Gillette" box="[565,824,1074,1098]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4C3F5464AE84AB5B" box="[565,738,1074,1098]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Neuroterus niger</emphasis>
|
||
Gillette
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D46FD20FF9ECE2B4D485465AFD7AB58" box="[834,945,1074,1098]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
labelled as “Ac. Cat. 851”, “Ag. Coll.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF9ECE2B4B315465A9FAAB58" box="[1339,1436,1074,1098]" country="United States of America" name="Michigan" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Michigan</collectingRegion>
|
||
3-25-88”, red label “Type No 1898 USNM”, handwritten “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4D185406AF1EAB7A" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1888" box="[786,888,1105,1128]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4D185406AF1EAB7A" box="[786,888,1105,1128]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. nigrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4D855406A95DAB7B" authority="Kinsey, 1923" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1923" box="[911,1339,1104,1129]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="niger" variety="alimas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4D855406A85CAB7A" box="[911,1082,1105,1128]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Neuroterus niger</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4A605407A8C8AB7A" box="[1130,1198,1104,1128]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">alimas</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4AB95407A95DAB7B" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[1203,1339,1104,1129]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref40308" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1923) The gall wasp genus Neuroterus (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 10 (58), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1923">Kinsey, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FB880BFF9ECE2B4B4E5407A9FBAB7A" box="[1348,1437,1104,1128]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female labelled as “Acc.24856”, pink ”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4C675427AEB2AB95" box="[621,724,1135,1159]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alimas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4C675427AEB2AB95" box="[621,724,1135,1159]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. alimas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female, Holo-
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FB880BFF9ECE2B4D885438AFB9AB95" box="[898,991,1135,1159]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
”, ”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4A095427A8F6AB95" box="[1027,1168,1136,1159]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4A095427A8F6AB95" box="[1027,1168,1136,1159]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Q. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, ”Austin, Tex. 4.16.21., Patterson” – insect absent, only gall.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4C5B54D8A85EABB4" authority="Kinsey, 1923" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1923" box="[593,1080,1166,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="niger" variety="arizonicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4C5B54D8AF66ABB7" box="[593,768,1166,1190]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Neuroterus niger</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4D3254D9AFC5ABB7" box="[824,931,1166,1189]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">arizonicae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4DA654D9A85EABB4" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[940,1080,1166,1190]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref40308" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1923) The gall wasp genus Neuroterus (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 10 (58), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1923">Kinsey, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FB880BFF9ECE2B4A4F54D9A8F8ABB4" box="[1093,1182,1166,1190]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female labelled as ”Ac. 24856”, pink ”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4F6A54FAADB9ABD6" box="[352,479,1197,1220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arizonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4F6A54FAADB9ABD6" box="[352,479,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. arizonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Holo- Paratype’, ”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4CA054FAAFE6ABD6" authority=", Kinsey" authorityName="Kinsey" box="[682,896,1196,1220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arizonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4CA054FAAF4CABD6" box="[682,810,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Q. arizonica</emphasis>
|
||
, Kinsey
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
coll.”, ”Bisbee, Ariz. Gall 1.15.20.” – insect absent, only gall.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4F3A549BAE88ABF1" authority="Kinsey, 1923" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1923" box="[304,750,1227,1251]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="niger" variety="griseae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4F3A549BADBBABF1" box="[304,477,1228,1251]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Neuroterus niger</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4C18549BAE3BABF1" box="[530,605,1228,1251]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">griseae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4C6E549CAE88ABF1" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[612,750,1227,1251]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref40308" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1923) The gall wasp genus Neuroterus (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 10 (58), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1923">Kinsey, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FB880BFF9ECE2B4CF0549CAF35ABF1" box="[762,851,1227,1251]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female labelled as ”Ac. 24856”, pink ”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4AE0549BA932ABF1" box="[1258,1364,1228,1251]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="griseae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4AE0549BA932ABF1" box="[1258,1364,1228,1251]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. griseae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Holo-Paratype’, ”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4F4854BDAD9EAA10" authority=", Kinsey" authorityName="Kinsey" box="[322,504,1258,1282]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grisea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4F4854BDADC7AA13" box="[322,417,1258,1281]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Q. grisea</emphasis>
|
||
, Kinsey
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
coll.”, ”Fort Davis, Tex., Gall. 12.16.19.” – insect absent, only gall.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4ACB54BCADCEAA33" authority="Kinsey, 1923" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="niger" variety="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4ACB54BCA909AA13" box="[1217,1391,1258,1282]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Neuroterus niger</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4ECD555EAD7CAA32" box="[199,282,1289,1312]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4F2A555FADCEAA33" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[288,424,1288,1313]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref40308" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1923) The gall wasp genus Neuroterus (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 10 (58), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1923">Kinsey, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FB880BFF9ECE2B4FB8555FAE6DAA32" box="[434,523,1288,1312]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female labelled as ”Ac. 24856.”, pink ”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4D97555EA801AA32" box="[925,1127,1289,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4D97555EA801AA32" box="[925,1127,1289,1312]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Neuroterus nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Holo- Paratype’, ”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4B27555EAD69AA2D" authority=", Kinsey" authorityName="Kinsey" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4B27555EA9F0AA32" box="[1325,1430,1288,1312]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Q. stellata</emphasis>
|
||
, Kinsey
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
coll.”, ”Austin, Tex. 12.4.19.”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4C4D557FAFEDAA2D" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1923" box="[583,907,1320,1343]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="niger" variety="pattersoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4C4D557FAE95AA2D" box="[583,755,1320,1343]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Neuroterus niger</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4D2E557FAFEDAA2D" box="[804,907,1320,1343]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">pattersoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
f.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4DAF557FA8FCAA2D" authority="Kinsey, 1923" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1923" box="[933,1178,1319,1343]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pattersoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4DAF557FA86AAA2D" box="[933,1036,1320,1343]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">pattersoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4A185570A8FCAA2D" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[1042,1178,1319,1343]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref40308" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1923) The gall wasp genus Neuroterus (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 10 (58), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1923">Kinsey, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FB880BFF9ECE2B4AA95570A89AAA2D" box="[1187,1276,1319,1343]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female labelled as ”Ac. 24856.”, pink ”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4FA55510AEEAAA4F" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1923" box="[431,652,1350,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pattersoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4FA55510AEEAAA4F" box="[431,652,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Neuroterus pattersoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Holo- Paratype’, ”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4D455511A847AA4F" authority=", Patterson" authorityName="Patterson" box="[847,1057,1350,1374]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4D455511AFDEAA4C" box="[847,952,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Q. stellata</emphasis>
|
||
, Patterson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
coll.”, ”Austin, Tex. 5.7.21., gall 310. 21.” Sexual generation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4FC55532AE1DAA6E" box="[463,635,1381,1404]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4FC55532AE1DAA6E" box="[463,635,1381,1404]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Neuroterus niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D46FD20FF9ECE2B4C825532AE8CAA6E" box="[648,746,1380,1405]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
|
||
on one pin “Io”, “Ac. Cat. 996”, red label “Type”, handwritten label “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4ED855D3ADAEAA89" authority="Gill." authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1889" box="[210,456,1411,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4ED855D3ADE9AA89" box="[210,399,1412,1435]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Neuroterus vernus</emphasis>
|
||
Gill.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D46FD20FF9ECE2B4FD455D4AE27AA89" box="[478,577,1411,1435]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
|
||
on one pin: handwritten label “
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF9ECE2B4D8D55D4AFD8AA89" box="[903,958,1411,1435]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Iowa</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Gillette”, white label “Type”, “colCF Baker”; also one label with galls and red label “Type”.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4CA955F4A806AAA8" authority="Beutenmueller, 1910" authorityName="Beutenmueller" authorityYear="1910" box="[675,1120,1442,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papillosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4CA955F4AFE4AAA8" box="[675,898,1442,1466]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Neuroterus papillosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4D8355F5A806AAA8" author="Beutenmueller, W." box="[905,1120,1442,1466]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="117 - 136" refId="ref37745" refString="Beutenmueller, W. (1910) The North American species of Neuroterus and their galls. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 28, 117 - 136." type="journal article" year="1910">Beutenmueller, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D46FD20FF9ECE2B4A6055F5A883AAA8" box="[1130,1253,1442,1466]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
|
||
on two pins, both labelled as “Bronx Park,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF9ECE2B4FCD5596AE48AACA" box="[455,558,1472,1496]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||
City, W. Beutenmüller”, red label “Type”, “Beut. Coll. rec’d 1935”, handwritten label “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4ED855B7AE6BAAE5" authority="Beutnm" authorityName="Beutenmueller" authorityYear="1910" box="[210,525,1503,1527]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papillosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4ED855B7ADD7AAE5" box="[210,433,1503,1527]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Neuroterus papillosus</emphasis>
|
||
Beutnm
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”. Types were examined by GM during his multiple visits to the AMNH, NYC and USNM,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF9ECE2B4ECD55A9AD24A904" box="[199,322,1534,1558]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
, DC.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF9ECE2B4E9D5669A91DA81F" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF9ECE2B4E9D5669A91DA81F" blockId="47.[151,1437,1598,2021]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4E9D5669ADE4A94A" bold="true" box="[151,386,1598,1624]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B283CF4FF9ECE2B4F805668AEF3A81F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3878855307" collectingDate="2002-04-12" collectingDateMax="2005-10-13" collectingDateMin="2002-04-12" collectionCode="USNM, PHDNRL, RAM" collectorName="S. Digweed & Grand Trunk" country="Canada" determinerName="S. Digweed" location="Five" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="Alberta">
|
||
<location id="8E9F6072FF9ECE2B4F805668ADDAA94B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E987BFFF9ECE334E9D5170AF4AAE77:8E9F6072FF9ECE2B4F805668ADDAA94B" box="[394,444,1599,1625]" country="Canada" name="Five" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" stateProvince="Alberta">Five</location>
|
||
asexual females labelled as “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FF9ECE2B4D005668AFEFA94B" box="[778,905,1599,1625]" name="Canada" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">CANADA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF9ECE2B4D995668AF8CA94B" box="[915,1002,1599,1625]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Edmonton, Grand Trunk Pool, SC30,
|
||
<date id="FFFE1069FF9ECE2B4E9D5634AD7FA96F" box="[151,281,1635,1661]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2002-04-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFBAE981FF9ECE2B4E9D5634AD7FA96F" box="[151,281,1635,1661]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2002-04-12">2002.04.12</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26B5537FFF9ECE2B4F285634ADC0A96F" box="[290,422,1635,1661]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">S. Digweed</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4FA55634AEA1A96F" authority="Gillette" authorityName="Gillette" box="[431,711,1635,1661]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4FA55634AE0BA96E" box="[431,621,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Neuroterus niger</emphasis>
|
||
Gillette
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females of the asexual generation, det.
|
||
<determinerName id="7E23DA6DFF9ECE2B4A725634A89FA96F" box="[1144,1273,1635,1661]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">S. Digweed</determinerName>
|
||
2005”. Sexual generation:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D46FD20FF9ECE2B4F1756D1ADECA9B3" box="[285,394,1670,1697]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
|
||
labelled as “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FF9ECE2B4C1056D0AEFEA9B3" box="[538,664,1671,1697]" name="Canada" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">CANADA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF9ECE2B4CA856D0AE9FA9B3" box="[674,761,1671,1697]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Edmonton. Reared
|
||
<date id="FFFE1069FF9ECE2B4DD556D1A831A9B3" box="[991,1111,1670,1697]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2005-04-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFBAE981FF9ECE2B4DD556D1A831A9B3" box="[991,1111,1670,1697]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2005-04-18">18.iv.2005</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4A8C56D0A957A9B2" box="[1158,1329,1671,1697]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4A8C56D0A957A9B2" box="[1158,1329,1671,1697]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Q. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4B4A56D0A9FAA9B2" box="[1344,1436,1671,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4B4A56D0A9FAA9B2" box="[1344,1436,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(?) gall,
|
||
<collectorName id="26B5537FFF9ECE2B4EF656FCADF4A9D7" box="[252,402,1707,1733]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Grand Trunk</collectorName>
|
||
, coll.22.ix.04.
|
||
<collectorName id="26B5537FFF9ECE2B4C3556FCAEADA9D7" box="[575,715,1707,1733]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">S. Digweed</collectorName>
|
||
”;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D46FD20FF9ECE2B4CEE56FDAF58A9D7" box="[740,830,1706,1733]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
|
||
labelled as “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FF9ECE2B4DDD56FCA833A9D7" box="[983,1109,1707,1733]" name="Canada" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">CANADA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF9ECE2B4A6B56FCA8DEA9D7" box="[1121,1208,1707,1733]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Edmonton. Reared
|
||
<date id="FFFE1069FF9ECE2B4E9D5699AD47A9FB" box="[151,289,1742,1769]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2005-10-03" valueMax="2005-10-13" valueMin="2005-10-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFBAE981FF9ECE2B4E9D5699AD47A9FB" box="[151,289,1742,1769]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2005-10-03" valueMax="2005-10-13" valueMin="2005-10-03">3-13.x.2005</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4F5A5698AD9DA9FA" box="[336,507,1743,1769]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4F5A5698AD9DA9FA" box="[336,507,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Q. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4C005698AE01A9FA" box="[522,615,1743,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4C005698AE01A9FA" box="[522,615,1743,1768]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(?) gall,
|
||
<collectorName id="26B5537FFF9ECE2B4CC55698AF04A9FB" box="[719,866,1743,1769]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Grand Trunk</collectorName>
|
||
, coll.22.ix.04.
|
||
<collectorName id="26B5537FFF9ECE2B4A005698A8F2A9FB" box="[1034,1172,1743,1769]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">S. Digweed</collectorName>
|
||
”. Specimens have been deposited at the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED51AE6CFF9ECE2B4F4456A4ADC4A81F" box="[334,418,1779,1805]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED51AE6CFF9ECE2B4FA756A4AE7AA81F" box="[429,540,1779,1805]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">PHDNRL</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED51AE6CFF9ECE2B4C5856A4AEF3A81F" box="[594,661,1779,1805]" country="Isle of Man" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13908" name="Ramsey Public Library" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="Herbarium">RAM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. Asexual females have been deposited at the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED51AE6CFF9ECE2B4A8456A4A89BA81F" box="[1166,1277,1779,1805]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">PHDNRL</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED51AE6CFF9ECE2B4B3956A4A910A81F" box="[1331,1398,1779,1805]" country="Isle of Man" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13908" name="Ramsey Public Library" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="Herbarium">RAM</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF9ECE344ECD5741AFE4AE98" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF9ECE344ECD5741AFE4AE98" blockId="47.[151,1437,1598,2021]" lastBlockId="48.[151,1437,151,394]" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4ECD5741AD24A822" bold="true" box="[199,322,1814,1840]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Belongs to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4FCD5740AE1CA823" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[455,634,1815,1841]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref40308" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1923) The gall wasp genus Neuroterus (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 10 (58), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1923">Kinsey’s (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4CE55740AF3BA823" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1923" box="[751,861,1815,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Diplobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4CE55740AF3BA823" box="[751,861,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Diplobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The oak gallwasp (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4A345740A8C5A820" box="[1086,1187,1815,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cynipini">Cynipini</taxonomicName>
|
||
) fauna of the Nearctic north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FF9ECE2B4EFC576CAD2AA847" box="[246,332,1851,1877]" name="Mexico" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
is divided into three geographic zones, with distinct species: the eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FF9ECE2B4A65576CA962A847" box="[1135,1284,1851,1877]" name="United States of America" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4B1B576CA9F6A847" author="Weld, L. H." box="[1297,1424,1850,1877]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref45233" refString="Weld, L. H. (1959) Cynipid galls of the Eastern United States. Privately printed, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 124 pp." type="book" year="1959">Weld 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FF9ECE2B4EC95708AC81A86B" box="[195,231,1887,1913]" name="United States of America" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
Southwest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4F7C5708AD92A868" author="Weld, L. H." box="[374,500,1887,1914]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref45261" refString="Weld, L. H. (1960) Cynipid galls of the Southwest. Privately printed, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 35 pp." type="book" year="1960">Weld 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the Pacific Slope (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4D065708AFE8A86B" author="Weld, L. H." box="[780,910,1886,1913]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref45206" refString="Weld, L. H. (1957) Cynipid galls of the Pacific slope. Privately printed, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 64 pp." type="book" year="1957">Weld 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FF9ECE2B4A435708A80BA86B" box="[1097,1133,1887,1913]" name="United States of America" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
four species, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4B895708ACB4A88E" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4B895708ACB4A88E" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, induce parenchyma thickening integral leaf galls; however, the three other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4A3157D4A974A88F" box="[1083,1298,1923,1949]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4A3157D4A8DEA88E" box="[1083,1208,1923,1948]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Neuroterus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are all only known from their sexual generations.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4C4157F0AFD4A8D3" authority="Weld, 1926" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1926" box="[587,946,1959,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fugiens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4C4157F0AF45A8D3" box="[587,803,1959,1985]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Neuroterus fugiens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4D2657F0AFD4A8D3" author="Weld, L. H." box="[812,946,1959,1985]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 131" refId="ref44914" refString="Weld, L. H. (1926) Field notes on gall-inhabiting cynipid wasps with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 68 (2611), 1 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.68 - 2611.1" type="journal article" year="1926">Weld, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, induces galls on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4A8B57F0A948A8D2" box="[1153,1326,1959,1985]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4A8B57F0A948A8D2" box="[1153,1326,1959,1985]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Q. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in spring in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF9ECE2B4EB2579CAD6CA8F7" box="[184,266,1995,2021]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Illinois</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FF9ECE2B4F10579CAD30A8F7" box="[282,342,1995,2021]" name="United States of America" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4F6E579CAE9EA8F7" authority="Beutenmueller, 1910" authorityName="Beutenmueller" authorityYear="1910" box="[356,760,1995,2021]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papillosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4F6E579CAD9AA8F7" box="[356,508,1995,2021]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. papillosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF9ECE2B4C0D579CAE9EA8F7" author="Beutenmueller, W." box="[519,760,1995,2021]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="117 - 136" refId="ref37745" refString="Beutenmueller, W. (1910) The North American species of Neuroterus and their galls. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 28, 117 - 136." type="journal article" year="1910">Beutenmueller, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, induces galls on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE2B4DC5579CA821A8F7" authorityName="Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2014" box="[975,1095,1995,2021]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE2B4DC5579CA821A8F7" box="[975,1095,1995,2021]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Q. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FF9ECE2B4A78579CA8C8A8F7" box="[1138,1198,1995,2021]" name="United States of America" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: NY, NJ, IN, IL;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF9ECE344B89579CADDBAFA3" authority="Bassett, 1900" authorityName="Bassett" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perminimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF9ECE344B89579CAD7DAFA2" italics="true" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. perminimus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF81CE344F2950C0ADDBAFA3" author="Bassett, H. F." box="[291,445,151,177]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="310 - 336" refId="ref37510" refString="Bassett, H. F. (1900) New species of North American Cynipidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 26, 310 - 336." type="journal article" year="1900">Bassett, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, induces galls on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF81CE344C8F50C0AEBFAFA3" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[645,729,151,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF81CE344C8F50C0AEBFAFA3" box="[645,729,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Q. alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FF81CE344CF450C0AF5CAFA3" box="[766,826,151,177]" name="United States of America" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: NY, MD, VA, OH, IL and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FF81CE344A6750C0A8A3AFA3" box="[1133,1221,151,177]" name="Canada" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
: ON (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF81CE344B0250C0A9F6AFA3" author="Burks, B. D." box="[1288,1424,151,177]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref38142" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D. Jr., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF81CE344EFD50ECAD0EAFC7" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1926" box="[247,360,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fugiens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF81CE344EFD50ECAD0EAFC7" box="[247,360,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">N. fugiens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are quite different, being covered in rose-red hairs on their lower surface and not emerging from the upper leaf surface (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF81CE344F985088AE76AFE8" author="Weld, L. H." box="[402,528,223,250]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 131" refId="ref44914" refString="Weld, L. H. (1926) Field notes on gall-inhabiting cynipid wasps with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 68 (2611), 1 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.68 - 2611.1" type="journal article" year="1926">Weld 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF81CE344D1E5088AFC1AFEB" authorityName="Beutenmueller" authorityYear="1910" box="[788,935,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papillosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF81CE344D1E5088AFC1AFEB" box="[788,935,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">N. papillosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the same as in the sexual generation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF81CE344B895088ACB4AE0E" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF81CE344B895088ACB4AE0E" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">N. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
designated herein.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF81CE344FA05154AE2CAE0F" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[426,586,259,285]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref40308" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1923) The gall wasp genus Neuroterus (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 10 (58), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1923">Kinsey (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF81CE344CAE5154AF51AE0F" authorityName="Beutenmueller" authorityYear="1910" box="[676,823,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papillosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF81CE344CAE5154AF51AE0F" box="[676,823,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">N. papillosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF81CE344D515154A8A5AE0F" box="[859,1219,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="niger" variety="papillosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF81CE344D515154A87FAE0E" box="[859,1049,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Neuroterus niger</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF81CE344A5A5154A8A5AE0F" box="[1104,1219,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">papillosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF81CE344AF25154A9FAAE0E" authorityName="Bassett" authorityYear="1900" box="[1272,1436,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perminimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF81CE344AF25154A9FAAE0E" box="[1272,1436,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">N. perminimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF81CE344EBC5170ADA8AE52" box="[182,462,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="niger" variety="perminimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF81CE344EBC5170AD74AE52" box="[182,274,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">N. niger</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF81CE344F405170ADA8AE52" box="[330,462,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">perminimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and our assessment of morphology supports this synonymy. Below the descriptions of the asexual and sexual females and males are given according to the current morpho-description requirements (the original descriptions by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF81CE344FAD5138AE23AE9B" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[423,581,367,393]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="466 - 478" refId="ref39626" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1888) A study of the Cynipidae. Report of the Michigan State Board of Agriculture, 27, 466 - 478." type="journal article" year="1888">Gillette (1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF81CE344C5B5138AEECAE9B" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[593,650,367,393]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="281 - 285" refId="ref39656" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1889) New Cynipidae. Bulletin of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station, 7, 281 - 285." type="journal article" year="1889">1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are very superficial).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F6621FF81CE344E9D574DA80AA844" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601884" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601884/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" startId="48.[151,264,1818,1842]" targetBox="[158,1427,427,1794]" targetPageId="48">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF81CE344E9D574DA80AA844" blockId="48.[151,1436,1818,1878]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF81CE344E9D574DAD0BA820" bold="true" box="[151,365,1818,1842]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">FIGURES 151–156.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF81CE344F79574CAE12A820" authority="Gillette" authorityName="Gillette" box="[371,628,1818,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF81CE344F79574CAE79A820" box="[371,543,1819,1842]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Neuroterus niger</emphasis>
|
||
Gillette
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, asexual generation, female. 151–154, head: 151, frontal view, 152, dorsal view, 153, posterior view, 154, lateral view. 155, antenna. 156, pronotum and propleuron, frontal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF81CE324ECD57D3ADAAABD3" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF81CE344ECD57D3A8D6A88C" blockId="48.[151,1436,1924,2023]" box="[199,1200,1924,1951]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF81CE344ECD57D3AD3FA88C" bold="true" box="[199,345,1924,1950]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Asexual female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF81CE344C1757D3AEDAA88D" box="[541,700,1924,1951]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 151–156" captionStart-1="FIGURES 157–161" captionStartId-0="48.[151,264,1818,1842]" captionStartId-1="50.[151,264,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1427,427,1794]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1420,350,1851]" captionTargetId-0="figure-141@48.[151,1436,417,1795]" captionTargetId-1="figure-101@50.[151,1436,345,1865]" captionTargetPageId-0="48" captionTargetPageId-1="50" captionText-0="FIGURES 151–156. Neuroterus niger Gillette, asexual generation, female. 151–154, head: 151, frontal view, 152, dorsal view, 153, posterior view, 154, lateral view. 155, antenna. 156, pronotum and propleuron, frontal view." captionText-1="FIGURES 157–161. Neuroterus niger Gillette, asexual generation, female. 157, mesosoma, lateral view. 158, mesosoma, dorsal view. 159, mesoscutellum, dorsal view. 160, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view. 161, metasoma, lateral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601884" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601888" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6601884/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6601888/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figs 151–161</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body, antenna, legs uniformly dark brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF81CE354ECD57FFA8D8ADBB" blockId="48.[151,1436,1924,2023]" lastBlockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Head alutaceous, with sparse white setae, denser on lower face; strongly transverse, 1.3× as broad as high and broader than mesosoma in frontal view, 1.9× as broad as long in dorsal view. Gena alutaceous, broadened behind eye in frontal view, just over half as wide as transverse diameter of eye in lateral view. Malar space alutaceous, with malar sulcus, eye 3.8× as high as height of malar space. Inner margins of eyes parallel. POL 1.8× as long as OOL; OOL 2.1× as long as diameter of lateral ocellus and as long as LOL; all ocelli slightly ovate, of same size. Transfacial distance 1.2× as long as height of eye; diameter of antennal torulus slightly longer than distance between them, distance between torulus and eye 1.3× as long as diameter of torulus. Lower face and median elevated area alutaceous, with white setae, without striae. Clypeus rectangular, 1.8× as broad as high, alutaceous, with long setae along ventral edge; ventrally not emarginate, without median incision; anterior tentorial pit small, rounded, indistinct; epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line impressed, distinct. Frons and interocellar area alutaceous, without setae. Vertex, occiput, postocciput, postgena alutaceous; posterior tentorial pit large, ovate, area below impressed; occipital foramen shorter than height of postgenal bridge; hypostomal carina emarginate, continuing into postgenal sulci which are widely spaced, only slightly diverge toward occipital foramen, postgenal bridge anteriorly only slightly broader than high. Antenna longer than head+ mesosoma, with 10 flagellomeres, pedicel 1.8× as long as broad, F1 1.2× as long as pedicel and 1.4x as long as F2, F2=F3, F4 slightly longer than F3, F5 shorter than F4 and shorter than F6, F7 to F9 gradually shorter until F9; F10 2.0× as long as F9 (F10 probably consists of two flagellomeres, with invisible suture between two flagellomeres); placodeal sensilla on F5–F10.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF80CE354ECD52E4AE93ABFB" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Mesosoma as long as high. Pronotum smooth, polished, glabrous, without setae in frontal view; alutaceous laterally; propleuron smooth, glabrous. Mesoscutum smooth, glabrous, with setae only along sides; as long as broad (greatest width measured across mesoscutum level with base of tegulae). Notaulus, anterior parallel line, median mesoscutal line and parapsidal line absent; circumscutellar carina narrow present. Transscutal articulation absent, mesoscutum fused with mesoscutellum; as a result of fusion of the mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, the boundary between these structures is not straight but slightly curved towards the mesoscutum; the mesoscutum is emarginate posterolaterally and slightly elevated above the dorsoaxillar area. Mesoscutellum nearly as broad as long, posteriorly rounded, uniformly smooth, glabrous, without setae, overhanging metanotum; mesoscutellar foveae absent. Mesopleuron with speculum and mesopleural triangle uniformly alutaceous, without setae; transverse impressed line present in ventral 1/4 of height of mesopleuron; dorsal and lateral axillar areas alutaceous, without setae; subaxillular bar smooth, glabrous, at posterior end as high as height of metanotal trough; metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron slightly below half its height, delimiting narrow smooth area along mesopleuron. Metascutellum smooth, as high as height of smooth, glabrous ventral impressed area; metanotal trough smooth, glabrous, without setae; propodeum smooth, glabrous; central propodeal area smooth, glabrous, with some longitudinal interrupted rugae; lateral propodeal carinae absent; lateral propodeal area smooth, glabrous, without setae. Nucha short, smooth, without sulci. Tarsal claws simple, without basal lobe.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF80CE354ECD54A4A893AA47" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Forewing longer than body, hyaline, margin with dense long cilia, veins dark brown, radial cell open, 5.0× as long as broad; R1 nearly reaching wing margin, Rs reaching wing margin; areolet large, triangular, indistinct, Rs+M light brown, visible along 1/3 of its length, projection reaching basalis in the lower 1/3 of its height.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF80CE354ECD5508AE6EA91B" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
Metasoma slightly longer than head+mesosoma, nearly as long as high in lateral view; all terga weakly sclerotized, thus limits of terga hardly visible. 2nd metasomal tergum extending to half the length of metasoma in dorsal view, without setae; all terga smooth, glabrous, without micropunctures. Hypopygium without micropunctures, prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium short, greater than 2.0× as long as broad in ventral view, without setae ventrally. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B4CFF80CE354F2255B9ADC9A91B" box="[296,431,1518,1545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="1.45" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF80CE354ECD5644A953A93F" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1333,1555,1581]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
Sexual female (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF80CE354F845644AD9FA93E" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1889" box="[398,505,1555,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF80CE354F845644AD9FA93E" box="[398,505,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">N. vernus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF80CE354C1B5644AEC8A93F" box="[529,686,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 162–171" captionStartId="51.[151,264,1846,1870]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,203,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-18@51.[151,1436,181,1822]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 162–171. Neuroterus niger Gillette, sexual generation. 162–165, head, female: 162, frontal view, 163, dorsal view, 164, posterior view, 165, lateral view. 166, antenna, female. 167–170, head, male: 167, frontal view, 168, dorsal view, 169, posterior view, 170, lateral view. 171, antenna, male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601892/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 162–166</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF80CE354CB05644AF47A93F" box="[698,801,1555,1581]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 172–176" captionStart-1="FIGURES 177–180" captionStartId-0="52.[151,264,1329,1353]" captionStartId-1="53.[151,264,1951,1975]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1422,188,1290]" captionTargetBox-1="[174,1404,576,1914]" captionTargetId-0="figure-20@52.[151,1437,181,1306]" captionTargetId-1="figure-177@53.[151,1436,561,1928]" captionTargetPageId-0="52" captionTargetPageId-1="53" captionText-0="FIGURES 172–176. Neuroterus niger Gillette, sexual generation, female. 172, pronotum and propleuron, frontal view. 173, mesosoma, lateral view. 174, mesosoma, dorsal view. 175, mesoscutellum, dorsal view. 176, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view." captionText-1="FIGURES 177–180. Neuroterus niger Gillette, sexual generation. 177, metasoma, lateral view, sexual female. 178–180, male: 178, metasoma, lateral view, 179–180, mesosoma: 179, dorsal view, 180, lateral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601896" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601898" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6601896/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6601898/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">172–177</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body, antenna, legs uniformly reddish brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF80CE364ECD5660AFFBAE53" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="50.[151,1436,151,321]" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Head alutaceous, with sparse white setae on lower face; transverse, 1.3× as broad as high and broader than mesosoma in frontal view, 2.0× as broad as long in dorsal view. Gena alutaceous, slightly broadened behind eye in frontal view, narrower than transverse diameter of eye in lateral view. Malar space alutaceous, with malar sulcus in the form of a deep impressed stripe; eye 4.5× as high as height of malar space. Inner margins of eyes parallel. POL 2.5× as long as OOL; OOL 1.4× as long as diameter of lateral ocellus and as slightly shorter than LOL; all ocelli ovate, of same size. Transfacial distance 1.2× as long as height of eye; diameter of antennal torulus slightly longer than distance between them, distance between torulus and eye 1.5× as long as diameter of torulus. Lower face and median elevated area alutaceous, without setae and striae. Clypeus rounded, as long as broad, alutaceous, with a few setae scattered all over; ventrally rounded, not emarginate, without median incision; anterior tentorial pit large, rounded, distinct; epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line impressed, distinct. Frons and interocellar area alutaceous, without setae; area under frontal ocellus impressed, alutaceous. Vertex, occiput, postocciput, postgena alutaceous; posterior tentorial pit large, ovate, area below impressed; occipital foramen shorter than height of postgenal bridge; hypostomal carina emarginate, continuing into postgenal sulci which are widely spaced and only diverge slightly toward occipital foramen, postgenal bridge anteriorly only slightly broader than high. Antenna longer than head+ mesosoma, with 11 flagellomeres, pedicel 1.6× as long as broad, F1 1.5× as long as pedicel and 1.6× as long as F2, F2=F3, F4 slightly longer than F3 and equal F5 and F6, all subsequent flagellomeres slightly shorter than F6 and all equal in length; placodeal sensilla on F2–F11.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F6621FF83CE364E9D5737A9F7A88E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601888" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601888" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601888/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" startId="50.[151,264,1888,1912]" targetBox="[161,1420,350,1851]" targetPageId="50">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF83CE364E9D5737A9F7A88E" blockId="50.[151,1436,1888,1948]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF83CE364E9D5737AD0AA86A" bold="true" box="[151,364,1888,1912]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">FIGURES 157–161.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF83CE364F7B5736AE16A86A" authority="Gillette" authorityName="Gillette" box="[369,624,1888,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF83CE364F7B5736AE7AA86A" box="[369,540,1889,1912]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Neuroterus niger</emphasis>
|
||
Gillette
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, asexual generation, female. 157, mesosoma, lateral view. 158, mesosoma, dorsal view. 159, mesoscutellum, dorsal view. 160, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view. 161, metasoma, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F6621FF82CE374E9D5761AEC9A884" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601892" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601892/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" startId="51.[151,264,1846,1870]" targetBox="[166,1425,203,1808]" targetPageId="51">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF82CE374E9D5761AEC9A884" blockId="51.[151,1436,1846,1942]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF82CE374E9D5761AD08A85C" bold="true" box="[151,366,1846,1870]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">FIGURES 162–171.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF82CE374F7E5760AE11A85C" authority="Gillette" authorityName="Gillette" box="[372,631,1846,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF82CE374F7E5760AE47A85C" box="[372,545,1847,1870]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Neuroterus niger</emphasis>
|
||
Gillette
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sexual generation. 162–165, head, female: 162, frontal view, 163, dorsal view, 164, posterior view, 165, lateral view. 166, antenna, female. 167–170, head, male: 167, frontal view, 168, dorsal view, 169, posterior view, 170, lateral view. 171, antenna, male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F6621FF85CE304E9D5566AD3BAA80" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601896" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601896/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" startId="52.[151,264,1329,1353]" targetBox="[151,1422,188,1290]" targetPageId="52">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF85CE304E9D5566AD3BAA80" blockId="52.[151,1436,1329,1426]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF85CE304E9D5566AD09AA5B" bold="true" box="[151,367,1329,1353]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">FIGURES 172–176.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF85CE304F7D5565AE1BAA58" authority="Gillette" authorityName="Gillette" box="[375,637,1330,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF85CE304F7D5565AE43AA5B" box="[375,549,1330,1353]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Neuroterus niger</emphasis>
|
||
Gillette
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sexual generation, female. 172, pronotum and propleuron, frontal view. 173, mesosoma, lateral view. 174, mesosoma, dorsal view. 175, mesoscutellum, dorsal view. 176, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF85CE304ECD5597A8E8A8E4" blockId="52.[151,1437,1472,2038]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Mesosoma as long as high. Pronotum alutaceous, with a few setae in frontal view; alutaceous laterally; propleuron alutaceous. Mesoscutum smooth, glabrous, with setae only along sides; as long as broad (greatest width measured across mesoscutum level with base of tegulae). Notaulus, anterior parallel line, median mesoscutal line and parapsidal line absent; circumscutellar carina narrow present. Transscutal articulation absent, mesoscutum fused with mesoscutellum; as a result of fusion of the mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, the boundary between these structures is not straight but slightly curved towards the mesoscutum; the mesoscutum is emarginate posterolaterally and slightly elevated above the dorsoaxillar area. Mesoscutellum nearly as broad as long, posteriorly rounded, uniformly smooth, glabrous, without setae, overhanging metanotum; mesoscutellar foveae absent. Mesopleuron and mesopleural triangle uniformly alutaceous, without setae; speculum smooth, glabrous; transverse impressed line present in ventral 1/4 of height of mesopleuron, extending across entire width of mesopleuron; dorsal and lateral axillar areas alutaceous, without setae; subaxillular bar smooth, glabrous, at posterior end as high as height of metanotal trough; metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron slightly below half its height, delimiting narrow smooth area along mesopleuron. Metascutellum smooth, 3.0× as high as height of smooth, glabrous ventral impressed area; metanotal trough smooth, glabrous, without setae; propodeum smooth, glabrous; central propodeal area coriaceous, with longitudinal interrupted rugae; lateral propodeal carinae absent; lateral propodeal area smooth, glabrous, without setae. Nucha short, smooth, without sulci. Tarsal claws simple, without basal lobe.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF84CE314ECD50C0A870AFEB" blockId="53.[151,1437,150,537]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Forewing longer than body, hyaline, margin with dense long cilia, veins light brown, radial cell open, 5.0× as long as broad; R1 and Rs reaching wing margin; areolet small, triangular, indistinct, Rs+M light brown, visible along 2/3 of its length, projection reaching basalis slightly below its mid height.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF84CE314ECD5154AD1EAEBF" blockId="53.[151,1437,150,537]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Metasoma as long as head+mesosoma, nearly as long as high in lateral view; all terga weakly sclerotized, thus limits of terga hardly visible. 2nd metasomal tergum extending to half the length of metasoma in dorsal view, without setae; all terga smooth, glabrous, without micropunctures. Hypopygium without micropunctures, prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium short, as long as broad in ventral view, without setae ventrally. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B4CFF84CE314E9D51C4AD78AEBF" box="[151,286,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF84CE314ECD51E0AD09AD0B" blockId="53.[151,1437,150,537]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF84CE314F1A51E0ADCBAEC3" box="[272,429,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 162–171" captionStartId="51.[151,264,1846,1870]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,203,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-18@51.[151,1436,181,1822]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 162–171. Neuroterus niger Gillette, sexual generation. 162–165, head, female: 162, frontal view, 163, dorsal view, 164, posterior view, 165, lateral view. 166, antenna, female. 167–170, head, male: 167, frontal view, 168, dorsal view, 169, posterior view, 170, lateral view. 171, antenna, male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601892/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs 167–171</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF84CE314FB351E0AE46AEC3" box="[441,544,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 177–180" captionStartId="53.[151,264,1951,1975]" captionTargetBox="[174,1404,576,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-177@53.[151,1436,561,1928]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURES 177–180. Neuroterus niger Gillette, sexual generation. 177, metasoma, lateral view, sexual female. 178–180, male: 178, metasoma, lateral view, 179–180, mesosoma: 179, dorsal view, 180, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601898/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">178–180</figureCitation>
|
||
). Similar to female, body brown, antenna and legs slightly lighter; ocelli bigger than in female. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B4CFF84CE314FD2518CAE39AEE7" box="[472,607,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 5). Originally
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF84CE314D36518CAF87AEE7" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[828,993,475,501]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="281 - 285" refId="ref39656" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1889) New Cynipidae. Bulletin of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station, 7, 281 - 285." type="journal article" year="1889">Gillette (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described only females, no males were observed or reared.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F6621FF84CE314E9D57C8AF99A8C9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601898" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601898/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" startId="53.[151,264,1951,1975]" targetBox="[174,1404,576,1914]" targetPageId="53">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF84CE314E9D57C8AF99A8C9" blockId="53.[151,1437,1951,2011]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF84CE314E9D57C8AD08A8A5" bold="true" box="[151,366,1951,1975]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">FIGURES 177–180.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF84CE314F7957F7AE10A8A5" authority="Gillette" authorityName="Gillette" box="[371,630,1951,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF84CE314F7957F7AE46A8A5" box="[371,544,1952,1975]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Neuroterus niger</emphasis>
|
||
Gillette
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sexual generation. 177, metasoma, lateral view, sexual female. 178–180, male: 178, metasoma, lateral view, 179–180, mesosoma: 179, dorsal view, 180, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F6621FF87CE324E9D53A3AFB8AB1E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601900" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601900" box="[151,990,1012,1037]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601900/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" startId="54.[151,264,1012,1036]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,988]" targetPageId="54">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF87CE324E9D53A3AFB8AB1E" blockId="54.[151,990,1012,1037]" box="[151,990,1012,1037]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF87CE324E9D53A3AD0BAB1E" bold="true" box="[151,365,1012,1036]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">FIGURES 181–182.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF87CE324F7953A2AE1CAB1E" authority="Gillette." authorityName="Gillette." box="[371,634,1012,1036]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF87CE324F7953A2AE46AB1E" box="[371,544,1013,1036]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Neuroterus niger</emphasis>
|
||
Gillette.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
181, asexual gall. 182, sexual gall.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF87CE324ECD546DADAAABD3" blockId="54.[151,1437,1082,2009]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF87CE324ECD546DAD67AB46" bold="true" box="[199,257,1082,1108]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Gall.</emphasis>
|
||
The asexual generation gall is described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF87CE324CE5546CAFF2AB47" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[751,916,1083,1109]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="466 - 478" refId="ref39626" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1888) A study of the Cynipidae. Report of the Michigan State Board of Agriculture, 27, 466 - 478." type="journal article" year="1888">Gillette (1888)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and are small blisters integral to the leaf blade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF87CE324EAA5408AD66AB6B" box="[160,256,1119,1145]" captionStart="FIGURES 181–182" captionStartId="54.[151,264,1012,1036]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,988]" captionTargetId="figure-20@54.[151,1436,181,988]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURES 181–182. Neuroterus niger Gillette. 181, asexual gall. 182, sexual gall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601900/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 181</figureCitation>
|
||
). The sexual generation galls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF87CE324C585408AED4AB6B" box="[594,690,1119,1145]" captionStart="FIGURES 181–182" captionStartId="54.[151,264,1012,1036]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,988]" captionTargetId="figure-20@54.[151,1436,181,988]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURES 181–182. Neuroterus niger Gillette. 181, asexual gall. 182, sexual gall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601900/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 182</figureCitation>
|
||
), first recorded as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF87CE324D745408AF8FAB6A" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1889" box="[894,1001,1119,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF87CE324D745408AF8FAB6A" box="[894,1001,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">N. vernus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are cells hidden within new shoots, on the young leaf petioles and midribs and on the catkins of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF87CE324D0554D4AFDEAB8E" box="[783,952,1155,1181]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF87CE324D0554D4AFDEAB8E" box="[783,952,1155,1181]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Q. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; these plant organs are sometimes distorted as a result (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF87CE324F1C54F0ADA7ABD3" author="Digweed, S." box="[278,449,1191,1217]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="213 - 218" refId="ref38923" refString="Digweed, S. (2010) Diversity of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa Michx.) in southern Manitoba. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Canada, 42 (4), 213 - 218." type="journal article" year="2010">Digweed 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF87CE324ECD549DAD8DA813" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF87CE324ECD549DAEC7A95F" blockId="54.[151,1437,1082,2009]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF87CE324ECD549DAD41ABF6" bold="true" box="[199,295,1226,1252]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
See
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF87CE324F54549CAE60ABF7" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[350,518,1227,1253]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="21 - 25" refId="ref39682" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1890) New Cynipidae. American Entomologica Americana, 6 (2), 21 - 25." type="journal article" year="1890">Gillette (1890)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF87CE324C18549CAF6DABF7" author="Beutenmueller, W." box="[530,779,1227,1253]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="117 - 136" refId="ref37745" refString="Beutenmueller, W. (1910) The North American species of Neuroterus and their galls. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 28, 117 - 136." type="journal article" year="1910">Beutenmueller (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF87CE324D1D549CAFDCABF7" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[791,954,1227,1253]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref40308" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1923) The gall wasp genus Neuroterus (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 10 (58), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1923">Kinsey (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF87CE324DFF549CA8E7ABF7" author="Weld, L. H." box="[1013,1153,1226,1253]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 131" refId="ref44914" refString="Weld, L. H. (1926) Field notes on gall-inhabiting cynipid wasps with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 68 (2611), 1 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.68 - 2611.1" type="journal article" year="1926">Weld (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the biology of one or both generations. The minute, integral leaf galls of the asexual generation have been recorded on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF87CE324AE054B8A9F3AA1A" box="[1258,1429,1263,1289]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF87CE324AE054B8A9F3AA1A" box="[1258,1429,1263,1289]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Q. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Galls became evident in Edmonton in August and matured in September. This species represents a rare case where males are present in the asexual generation. Males of the asexual generation comprised a tiny fraction of the cynipids reared from asexual generation galls, with only
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D46FD20FF87CE324C94550DAF66AA67" box="[670,768,1370,1397]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="male">62 males</specimenCount>
|
||
reared from gall collections made in Edmonton during 2004- 2006, as opposed to 20979 females. In addition, most males were reared in the autumn (October-December) of the year of gall formation, whereas almost all females emerged in April-May the following spring after gall formation. Thus, most males were temporally isolated from ovipositing females and therefore essentially functionless. This is similar to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF87CE324F2E55BCAD97A917" author="Patterson, J. T." box="[292,497,1515,1541]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="196 - 200" refId="ref42843" refString="Patterson, J. T. (1928) Functionless males in two species of Neuroterus. The Biological Bulletin, 54, 196 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1537128" type="journal article" year="1928">Patterson’s (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discovery of functionless males of the asexual generations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF87CE324AA455BCAD4DA93B" authority="(Weld, 1921)" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="contortus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF87CE324AA455BCA9FAA916" box="[1198,1436,1515,1540]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Neuroterus contortus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF87CE324E955658AD45A93B" author="Weld" box="[159,291,1551,1577]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="187 - 246" refId="ref44748" refString="Weld. L. H. (1921) American gallflies of the family Cynipidae producing subterranean galls on oak. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 59 (2368), 187 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.59 - 2368.187" type="journal article" year="1921">Weld, 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF87CE324F695658AEAAA93B" authority="(Bassett, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[355,716,1551,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusrileyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF87CE324F695658AE71A93B" box="[355,535,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">N. quercusrileyi</emphasis>
|
||
(Bassett, 1881)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In his study, males and females co-occurred, but they appeared unwilling to mate under laboratory conditions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF87CE324ECD5600AD8DA813" blockId="54.[151,1437,1082,2009]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Galls of the sexual generation are on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF87CE324C8F5600AEBBA963" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[645,733,1623,1649]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF87CE324C8F5600AEBBA963" box="[645,733,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Q. alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF87CE324CE55600AF00A963" authorityName="Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2014" box="[751,870,1623,1649]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF87CE324CE55600AF00A963" box="[751,870,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Q. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF87CE324DAE5600A834A962" box="[932,1106,1623,1649]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF87CE324DAE5600A834A962" box="[932,1106,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Q. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF87CE324A6F5600A966A963" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[1125,1280,1623,1649]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="21 - 25" refId="ref39682" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1890) New Cynipidae. American Entomologica Americana, 6 (2), 21 - 25." type="journal article" year="1890">Gillette 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF87CE324B055600A9FEA963" author="Burks, B. D." box="[1295,1432,1623,1649]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref38142" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D. Jr., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF87CE324E9D562CAD27A987" author="Digweed, S." box="[151,321,1659,1685]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="213 - 218" refId="ref38923" refString="Digweed, S. (2010) Diversity of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa Michx.) in southern Manitoba. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Canada, 42 (4), 213 - 218." type="journal article" year="2010">Digweed 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We observed that clusters of galls (e.g., on one catkin) often produced adults of only one gender. Galls were visible in Edmonton in May, with adults emerging in late May or early June. Sexual generation females were observed ovipositing mostly on the undersides of leaves and often on leaves that were on long shoots and/or that were not yet fully mature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF87CE334ECD575DA892AFC7" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF87CE324ECD575DA8FDA883" blockId="54.[151,1437,1082,2009]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF87CE324ECD575DAD07A836" bold="true" box="[199,353,1802,1828]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
In the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FF87CE324FA4575CAD82A837" box="[430,484,1803,1829]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
the asexual generation has been recorded from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF87CE324DF2575CA8FBA837" box="[1016,1181,1803,1829]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF87CE324AA2575CA970A837" box="[1192,1302,1803,1829]" country="United States of America" name="Michigan" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Michigan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF87CE324B2A575CA9FEA837" box="[1312,1432,1803,1829]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF87CE324E9D5778ACA9A85B" box="[151,207,1839,1865]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Iowa</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF87CE324ED55778AD0EA85B" author="Burks, B. D." box="[223,360,1839,1865]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref38142" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D. Jr., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF87CE324F765778ADA8A85B" box="[380,462,1839,1865]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Illinois</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF87CE324FD15778AE54A85B" box="[475,562,1839,1865]" country="United States of America" name="Indiana" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Indiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF87CE324C345778AED2A85B" box="[574,692,1839,1865]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF87CE324CCA5778AF22A85B" box="[704,836,1839,1865]" country="United States of America" name="New Jersey" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">New Jersey</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF87CE324D5A5778AF8EA85B" box="[848,1000,1839,1865]" country="United States of America" name="Pennsylvania" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Pennsylvania</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF87CE324DFF5778A84BA85B" box="[1013,1069,1839,1865]" country="United States of America" name="Ohio" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Ohio</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF87CE324A365778A941A85B" author="Beutenmueller, W." box="[1084,1319,1839,1865]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="117 - 136" refId="ref37745" refString="Beutenmueller, W. (1910) The North American species of Neuroterus and their galls. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 28, 117 - 136." type="journal article" year="1910">Beutenmueller 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF87CE324B315778A9FEA85B" box="[1339,1432,1839,1865]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF87CE324E9D5704ACBEA87F" box="[151,216,1875,1901]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF87CE324EED5704AD1DA87F" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[231,379,1875,1901]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref40308" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1923) The gall wasp genus Neuroterus (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 10 (58), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1923">Kinsey 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF87CE324FB45704AE74A87F" box="[446,530,1875,1901]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF87CE324C405704AED3A87F" box="[586,693,1875,1901]" country="Canada" name="Manitoba" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Manitoba</collectingRegion>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FF87CE324CD05704AF54A87F" box="[730,818,1875,1901]" name="Canada" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The sexual generation has been recorded from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF87CE324B475704A9FAA87F" box="[1357,1436,1875,1901]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Illinois</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF87CE324E945720AD78A883" author="Weld, L. H." box="[158,286,1910,1937]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 131" refId="ref44914" refString="Weld, L. H. (1926) Field notes on gall-inhabiting cynipid wasps with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 68 (2611), 1 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.68 - 2611.1" type="journal article" year="1926">Weld 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF87CE324F3B5720AD0FA883" box="[305,361,1911,1937]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Iowa</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF87CE324F725720AD99A883" author="Burks, B. D." box="[376,511,1911,1937]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref38142" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D. Jr., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and TX (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF87CE324C7C5720AF61A883" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[630,775,1911,1937]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref40308" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1923) The gall wasp genus Neuroterus (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 10 (58), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1923">Kinsey 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FF87CE324D565720AFF4A883" box="[860,914,1911,1937]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF87CE324DCD5720A87DA883" box="[967,1051,1911,1937]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FF87CE324A355720A8F1A883" box="[1087,1175,1911,1937]" name="Canada" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF87CE334ECD57CCA892AFC7" blockId="54.[151,1437,1082,2009]" lastBlockId="55.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF87CE324ECD57CCADA1A8A7" bold="true" box="[199,455,1947,1973]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Molecular taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
Alternating generations of this species, which have been previously described under different names (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF87CE324F5C57E8AE67A8CB" author="Digweed, S." box="[342,513,1983,2009]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="213 - 218" refId="ref38923" refString="Digweed, S. (2010) Diversity of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa Michx.) in southern Manitoba. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Canada, 42 (4), 213 - 218." type="journal article" year="2010">Digweed 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), were matched using DNA data from four individuals (two asexual females, two sexual females) sequenced for both cytb and ITS2. Cytb sequences were identical among the four individuals (GenBank accessions
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFF86CE334F8450ECAE74AFC4" box="[398,530,187,214]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OM321646" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">OM321646</accessionNumber>
|
||
–
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFF86CE334C2A50ECAEC5AFC4" box="[544,675,187,214]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OM321649" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">OM321649</accessionNumber>
|
||
), as were ITS2 sequences (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFF86CE334DDB50EDA833AFC7" box="[977,1109,186,213]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OM331835" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">OM331835</accessionNumber>
|
||
–
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFF86CE334A6E50EDA88EAFC7" box="[1124,1256,186,213]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OM331838" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">OM331838</accessionNumber>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF86CE334ECD5089AF4AAE77" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF86CE334ECD5089AF4AAE77" blockId="55.[151,1437,151,357]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334ECD5089AD29AFEA" bold="true" box="[199,335,222,248]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
In the Southwest of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FF86CE334C505088AEF6AFEB" box="[602,656,223,249]" name="United States of America" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(AZ, UT) one species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334D995088A8D9AFEB" authority="Bassett, 1890" authorityName="Bassett" authorityYear="1890" box="[915,1215,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howertoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334D995088A842AFEB" box="[915,1060,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">N. howertoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334A205088A8D9AFEB" author="Bassett, H. F." box="[1066,1215,223,249]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="59 - 92" refId="ref37481" refString="Bassett, H. F. (1890) New species of North American Cynipidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 17, 59 - 92." type="journal article" year="1890">Bassett, 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
asexual generation, is known to induce leaf parenchyma thickening galls on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334D065154AFFEAE0E" box="[780,920,259,285]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arizonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334D065154AFFEAE0E" box="[780,920,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Q. arizonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334DC75154A81EAE0F" box="[973,1144,259,285]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblongifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334DC75154A81EAE0F" box="[973,1144,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Q. oblongifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which are like those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334B895154AD00AE50" authority="(Weld 1960)" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334B895154ACB4AE52" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">N. niger</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334EEA5170AD38AE50" author="Weld, L. H." box="[224,350,295,322]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref45261" refString="Weld, L. H. (1960) Cynipid galls of the Southwest. Privately printed, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 35 pp." type="book" year="1960">Weld 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF86CE334FDB5170AE25AE53" box="[465,579,295,321]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
there is another species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334D525170A8F8AE53" authority="Kinsey, 1922" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1922" box="[856,1182,295,321]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334D525170A864AE53" box="[856,1026,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">N. engelmannii</emphasis>
|
||
Kinsey, 1922
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which induces similar galls on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF86CE334EFC511CADC4AE77" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1922" box="[246,418,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF86CE334EFC511CADC4AE77" box="[246,418,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Q. engelmannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334FBB511CAE37AE77" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[433,593,331,357]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="279 - 295" refId="ref40241" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1922 a) New Pacific Coast Cynipidae (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 46, 279 - 295." type="journal article" year="1922">
|
||
Kinsey 1922
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334C4E511CAE37AE77" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[580,593,331,357]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref40308" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1923) The gall wasp genus Neuroterus (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 10 (58), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1923">a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1923;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF86CE334CA8511CAF79AE77" author="Weld, L. H." box="[674,799,330,357]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref45206" refString="Weld, L. H. (1957) Cynipid galls of the Pacific slope. Privately printed, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 64 pp." type="book" year="1957">Weld 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |