296 lines
53 KiB
XML
296 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document id="0E8265F4B700977F7F7E21751058AAE6" ID-CLB-Dataset="32247" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4314.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e0c51a8a-3803-4bab-bf2b-5f607902f0d1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="858378" ID-ZooBank="6758Dc40-4356-4Adc-9Bd6-456652Ea5162" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1504183295007" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cumming, Jeffrey M." docDate="2017" docId="03E9879C8D20FFD657E02FBAFAE1594D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4314.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4314 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Parathalassius midas Cumming 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="FFD0FFE48D3DFFC957772B75FFFA5D15" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Nearctic Parathalassius Mik (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Parathalassiinae), with a review of the world fauna" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1698467597910" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="8346190CEC8469BE2CD9C596C43CF92F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4483D097712F20FE471EB47E2CC065C7">
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<mods:title id="B0DC3E7BCF6202919846F7562005C4AA">Revision of the Nearctic Parathalassius Mik (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Parathalassiinae), with a review of the world fauna</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="75D87551D9C4F5F223C57117F1BA9B28" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9825CB6B4D67754142CBE6E8272F3546">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1613F2504CC8BD940C94E686F4EC3452">Cumming, Jeffrey M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E1B0DD19758926D381E800DCB7BD752E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5D67BB24DBF3FB5C4EEF6BE561A640C6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="35899319E7876D660C7327F5A10A4C35">
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<mods:date id="A3A01FD8453DFC30EA2BE17273287BAF">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8EE379EE8477AFE1766F01B8B1F2E4BB">2017-08-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="52609CF7F4659B45968F7BA83E75089D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8E60F02BB09F6866136A0E7C5E52236A">4314</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="806814B481B4FE75E1910279BC4D1A25">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E220AA6AB02E839A6BAC9462BA1F3320" type="CLB-Dataset">32247</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6DC42B24DD2AD7BBCCB644F78787E9FD" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4314.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="66EF225BD5A96C9C530D04A6371FD704" type="GBIF-Dataset">e0c51a8a-3803-4bab-bf2b-5f607902f0d1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="78FB85F578F74BF40FAD5850C1D5CA1C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="437B1A6D63747F5EC73DCFDE15D52EB7" type="Zenodo-Dep">858378</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E9879C8D20FFD657E02FBAFAE1594D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6022498" ID-GBIF-Taxon="133100297" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6022498" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E9879C8D20FFD657E02FBAFAE1594D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9879C8D20FFD657E02FBAFAE1594D" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<subSubSection id="C35A65018D20FFD457E02FBAFC52581E" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D20FFD457E02FBAFE0759FF" blockId="29.[151,936,1231,1291]" box="[151,509,1231,1258]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<heading id="D0B781E68D20FFD457E02FBAFE0759FF" bold="true" box="[151,509,1231,1258]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B934EA988D20FFD457E02FBAFE0759FF" bold="true" box="[151,509,1231,1258]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D098D20FFD457E02FBAFE6359FC" ID-CoL="8D7B4" authority="Cumming, 2017" authorityName="Cumming" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,409,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Parathalassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="midas" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B934EA988D20FFD457E02FBAFE6359FC" bold="true" box="[151,409,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Parathalassius midas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757E38D20FFD456D72FA5FE0759FF" box="[416,509,1232,1258]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D20FFD457E02F87FC52581E" blockId="29.[151,936,1231,1291]" box="[151,936,1266,1291]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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(
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<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D20FFD457E82F87FEDA581E" box="[159,288,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 37" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1775,1798]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,195,1754]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 37. Heads of Nearctic Parathalassius. 29 – 30. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., male, anterior and lateral views. 31 – 32. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., female, anterior and lateral views. 33. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov., male, anterior view. 34. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., male, anterior view. 35. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov., male, anterior view. 36. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., male, anterior view. 37. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., female, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858390/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs 29–32</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D20FFD4565C2F86FEB0581E" box="[299,330,1267,1291]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 47" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1143,1166]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1122]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,193,1122]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 47. Antennae of Nearctic Parathalassius (male left antenna in medial view, unless otherwise noted). 38. Parathalassius abela sp. nov. 39. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov. 40. Parathalassius candidatus Melander. 41. Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov. 42. Parathalassius melanderi Cole, right antenna in lateral view. 43. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., female. 44. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov. 45. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., right antenna in lateral view. 46. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov. 47. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov. Abbreviations: ar styl—arista-like stylus; ppedpostpedicel." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858392/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">43</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D20FFD456212F87FE64581E" box="[342,414,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURES 56 – 67" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1806,1829]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,185,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[170,1414,185,1765]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 56 – 67. Wings of Nearctic Parathalassius. 56. Parathalassius abela sp. nov., male. 57. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov., male. 58. Parathalassius candidatus Melander, male. 59. Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov., male. 60. Parathalassius melanderi Cole, male. 61. Parathalassius melanderi Cole, female. 62. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., male. 63. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., female. 64. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov., male. 65. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., male. 66. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov., male. 67. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., male. Abbreviations: bm-m—basal medial crossvein; cuaanterior cubital (= anal) cell; CuA—anterior branch of cubital vein; CuP—posterior branch of cubital vein; dm—discal medial cell; dm-m—discal medial crossvein; h—humeral crossvein; M 1, M 2, M 4 — medial veins; R 1, R 2 + 3, R 4 + 5 — radial veins." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858398/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">62–63</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D20FFD456DE2F87FE08581E" box="[425,498,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 77" captionStartId="36.[151,264,946,969]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,212,891]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,205,911]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 77. Hypopygium of Parathalassius midas sp. nov. 76. Left lateral view. 77. Right lateral view. Abbreviations: cerc—cercus; d sur—dorsal lobe of surstylus; epand—epandrium; hypd—hypandrium; hyprct—hypoproct; pgt lb—postgonite lobe; ph—phallus; v epand proc—left ventral epandrial process; v sur—ventral lobe of surstylus. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858404/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">76–77</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D20FFD456892F86FDE6581E" box="[510,540,1267,1291]" captionStart="FIGURES 80 – 94" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[183,1424,197,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,193,1781]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 80 – 94. Left ventral epandrial processes of Nearctic Parathalassius, lateral view (unless otherwise noted). 80. Parathalassius abela sp. nov. 81. Parathalassius candidatus Melander. 82. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov. 83. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov. 84. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov. 85. Parathalassius dilatus sp. nov. 86. Parathalassius melanderi Cole. 87. Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov. 88. Parathalassius midas sp. nov. 89. Parathalassius socali sp. nov. 90. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., ventrolateral view. 91. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov. 92. Parathalassius aldrichi Melander. 93. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov. 94. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858408/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">88</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D20FFD455502F86FD70581E" box="[551,650,1267,1291]" captionStart="FIGURES 111 – 114" captionStartId="41.[151,264,922,945]" captionTargetBox="[170,1410,201,888]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[162,1425,193,901]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 111 – 114. Phallus of Nearctic Parathalassius species. 111. Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov., distal portion, left lateral view. 112. Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov., distal portion, posterior view. 113. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., distal portion, left lateral view. 114. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., distal portion, posterior view. Abbreviation: v spur—ventral spurlike projection. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858414/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">113–114</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D20FFD455E22F86FD3B581E" box="[661,705,1267,1291]" captionStart="FIGURES 115 – 120" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1649,1672]" captionTargetBox="[158,1427,192,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[153,1438,173,1616]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 115 – 120. Male cerci of Nearctic Parathalassius, dorsal view. 115. Parathalassius abela sp. nov. 116. Parathalassius candidatus Melander. 117. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov. 118. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov. 119. Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov. 120. Parathalassius midas sp. nov. Abbreviation: hyprct—hypoproct. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858416/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">120</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D20FFD455BA2F86FCC8581E" box="[717,818,1267,1291]" captionStart="FIGURES 127 – 132" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1826,1849]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[151,1436,411,1805]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 127 – 132. Female terminalia of Nearctic Parathalassius. 127. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., lateral view. 128. Same, dorsal view. 129. Same, ventral view. 130. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov., lateral view. 131. Same, dorsal view. 132. Same, ventral view. Abbreviations: st—sternite; tg—tergite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858420/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">127–129</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D20FFD4544A2F86FC93581E" box="[829,873,1267,1291]" captionStart="FIGURES 133 – 141" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1156,1179]" captionTargetBox="[173,1424,196,1096]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[151,1436,193,1135]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 133 – 141. Female sternite 8 of Nearctic Parathalassius, ventral view. 133. Parathalassius abela sp. nov. 134. Parathalassius midas sp. nov. 135. Parathalassius candidatus Melander. 136. Parathalassius melanderi Cole. 137. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov. 138. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov. 139. Parathalassius socali sp. nov. 140. Parathalassius aldrichi Melander. 141. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858424/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">134</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D20FFD454022F86FC5A581E" box="[885,928,1267,1291]" captionStart="FIGURES 148 – 150" captionStartId="51.[151,264,1237,1260]" captionTargetBox="[153,1429,206,1204]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[151,1436,195,1216]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 148 – 150. Known geographical distributions of Nearctic Parathalassius. 148. Parathalassius midas sp. nov. 149. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov. 150. Parathalassius socali sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858430/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">148</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35A65018D20FFD457E02E4FFD955A7A" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D20FFD457E02E4FFD755A32" blockId="29.[151,1437,1338,2011]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B934EA988D20FFD457E02E4FFE0B5846" bold="true" box="[151,497,1338,1363]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Type material. HOLOTYPE</emphasis>
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♂ labelled: “USA: WA: Pacific Co., Cape/ Disappointment, nr. Ilwaco,/ Benson Beach, N46°16′20.4″/ W124°04′25.4″,
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<date id="FFFE104A8D20FFD455242E2BFD3C5862" box="[595,710,1374,1399]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2014-07-01">1.vii.2014</date>
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, swp [swept]/ dunes & beach grass (
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D098D20FFD453112E2BFB1D5862" box="[1126,1255,1374,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Sphecidae" genus="Ammophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B934EA988D20FFD453112E2BFB1D5862" box="[1126,1255,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ammophila</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)/ S.E. Brooks”; CNC/ 588234; “HOLOTYPE/
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D098D20FFD456842EF7FD1C588E" authorityName="Cumming" authorityYear="2017" box="[499,742,1410,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Parathalassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="midas">
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<emphasis id="B934EA988D20FFD456842EF7FD1C588E" box="[499,742,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Parathalassius midas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/ Brooks & Cumming [red label]”; “Legs removed/ for DNA/ analysis [green label]” (CNC).
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<emphasis id="B934EA988D20FFD4557F2ED3FBEC58AA" bold="true" box="[520,1046,1446,1471]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">PARATYPES: MEXICO: Baja California:</emphasis>
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<quantity id="4CB89B6F8D20FFD453562ED2FB8858AA" box="[1057,1138,1446,1471]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1499008" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mi" value="3.2">3.2 mi</quantity>
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. S Colonia Guerrero [ca. 30°41′N 116°01′W],
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<date id="FFFE104A8D20FFD456F42EBFFE0658F6" box="[387,508,1482,1507]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1963-04-27">27.iv.1963</date>
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, P.H. Arnaud Jr. (2♂, USNM).
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<emphasis id="B934EA988D20FFD4542F2EBFFBDF58F6" bold="true" box="[856,1061,1482,1507]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">USA: California:</emphasis>
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Orange County: Corona Del Mar [ca. 33°35′33″N 117°52′26″W],
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<date id="FFFE104A8D20FFD455682E9BFD635B12" box="[543,665,1518,1543]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1946-11-19">19.xi.1946</date>
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, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM); Laguna Beach [ca. 33°32′24″N 117°47′04″W], Baker (1♀, EMEC); same data except,
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<date id="FFFE104A8D20FFD4558C2D67FC975B3E" box="[763,877,1554,1579]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1951-10-20">20.x.1951</date>
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, A.L. Melander (1♀, USNM); San Diego County: Cardiff State Beach, 33°00′53.4″N 117°16′51.0″W,
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<date id="FFFE104A8D20FFD455AE2D43FCBF5B5A" box="[729,837,1590,1615]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2016-06-08">8.vi.2016</date>
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, swept sandy seacoast, S.E. Brooks (2♀, CNC); same data except, CNC574847 (1♀, barcode-associated, CNC); same data except, J.M. Cumming, CNC576883 (1♀, barcode-associated, CNC); same data except, S.H. Cumming (2♀, CNC); Carlsbad [ca. 33°09′27″N 117°21′12″W],
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<date id="FFFE104A8D20FFD457E02DD7FEEB5BAE" box="[151,273,1698,1723]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1950-06-22">22.vi.1950</date>
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, A.L. Melander (3♂, USNM); Santa Barbara County: Carpinteria [ca. 34°23′35″N 119°31′29″W],
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<date id="FFFE104A8D20FFD457E02DB3FEEA5BCA" box="[151,272,1734,1759]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1953-06-12">12.vi.1953</date>
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, A.L. Melander (6♀, USNM); same data except,
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<date id="FFFE104A8D20FFD454432DB3FC575BCA" box="[820,941,1734,1759]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1953-06-17">17.vi.1953</date>
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(4♀, USNM); U.C., Goleta [ca. 34°25′02″N 119°49′33″W],
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<date id="FFFE104A8D20FFD456302D9FFE385A16" box="[327,450,1770,1795]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1965-06-27">27.vi.1965</date>
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, D. Bragg (1♀, UCDC).
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D20FFD455A92D9FFCBB5A16" bold="true" box="[734,833,1770,1795]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Oregon:</emphasis>
|
||
Lane County: Florence, 44°01′N 124°08.2′W, beach,
|
||
<date id="FFFE104A8D20FFD457E02C7BFEE85A32" box="[151,274,1806,1831]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2005-08-01">1.viii.2005</date>
|
||
, D. & W.N. Mathis (2♂, USNM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D20FFD457B02C47FD955A7A" blockId="29.[151,1437,1338,2011]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B283CD78D20FFD457B02C47FD955A7A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1587280055" collectingDate="1993-07-23" collectionCode="ZFMK" collectorName="H. Ulrich" country="United States of America" county="Pacific County" location="Other" municipality="Waikiki Beach" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D20FFD457B02C47FD785A5E" bold="true" box="[199,642,1842,1867]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<location id="8E9F60518D20FFD457B02C47FEF55A5E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E9879C8D20FFD657E02FBAFAE1594D:8E9F60518D20FFD457B02C47FEF55A5E" box="[199,271,1842,1867]" country="United States of America" county="Pacific County" municipality="Waikiki Beach" name="Other" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Other</location>
|
||
material examined.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357761A8D20FFD455742C47FDC55A5E" box="[515,575,1842,1867]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: WA:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="629E4E068D20FFD455FD2C47FCCC5A5E" box="[650,822,1842,1867]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pacific County</collectingCounty>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8E9F60518D20FFD454372C47FC755A5E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E9879C8D20FFD657E02FBAFAE1594D:8E9F60518D20FFD454372C47FC755A5E" box="[832,911,1842,1867]" country="United States of America" county="Pacific County" municipality="Waikiki Beach" name="Ilwaco" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ilwaco</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E9F60518D20FFD454EC2C46FB685A5E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E9879C8D20FFD657E02FBAFAE1594D:8E9F60518D20FFD454EC2C46FB685A5E" box="[923,1170,1842,1867]" country="United States of America" county="Pacific County" municipality="Waikiki Beach" name="Cape Disappointment" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cape Disappointment</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9BACF08D20FFD453EA2C47FABF5A5E" box="[1181,1349,1842,1867]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Waikiki Beach</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, on wet sand,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFBAE9A28D20FFD457AF2C23FEA05A7A" box="[216,346,1878,1903]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1993-07-23">
|
||
<date id="FFFE104A8D20FFD457AF2C23FEA05A7A" box="[216,346,1878,1903]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1993-07-23">23.vii.1993</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26B5535C8D20FFD456112C22FE355A7A" box="[358,463,1878,1903]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">H. Ulrich</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D46FD038D20FFD456952C22FDF95A7A" box="[482,515,1879,1903]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED51AE4F8D20FFD455662C22FD9E5A7A" box="[529,612,1879,1903]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">ZFMK</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A65018D20FFD757B02C0FFEEA5DC0" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D20FFD757B02C0FFEEA5DC0" blockId="29.[151,1437,1338,2011]" lastBlockId="30.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D20FFD457B02C0FFEBB5A86" bold="true" box="[199,321,1914,1939]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
This relatively large distinctive species is characterized by 2 notopleural bristles, pale legs, males with golden pruinosity and golden-yellow setae on the lower part of the head, uniformly short male ommatrichia, male wing with dark anteroapical spot, left ventral epandrial process of the male hypopygium bifurcate with broad hook-shaped dorsal arm and sclerotized flattened serratulate apex on ventral arm, and prominent unique female terminalia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A65018D23FFD657B02BAAFF355FD8" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D23FFD657B02BAAFB935C09" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="31.[151,1437,151,1112]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D23FFD757B02BAAFE5D5DED" bold="true" box="[199,423,223,248]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Description. Male:</emphasis>
|
||
Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B6F8D23FFD755312BAAFD2B5DE2" box="[582,721,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="2.95" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="2.6">2.6–3.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, wing length 2.7–3.0 mm. Dark brown ground colour covered mostly with dense greyish-white to brownish-grey pruinosity. Setae of body and legs pale yellow to golden-yellow.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D23FFD757E02A52FF2D5C55" bold="true" box="[151,215,295,320]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Head</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D23FFD757902A52FE945C55" box="[231,366,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 37" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1775,1798]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,195,1754]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 37. Heads of Nearctic Parathalassius. 29 – 30. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., male, anterior and lateral views. 31 – 32. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., female, anterior and lateral views. 33. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov., male, anterior view. 34. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., male, anterior view. 35. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov., male, anterior view. 36. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., male, anterior view. 37. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., female, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858390/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs 29–30</figureCitation>
|
||
): Eyes with ommatrichia of nearly uniform length, not distinctly longer on lower third. Face, clypeus and lower frons covered with golden pruinosity, not concolourous with greyish-white to brownish-grey upper frons and vertex. Face narrowest at middle, about 1.75X width of anterior ocellus. Gena and postgena with moderately long golden-yellow setae, forming beard flanking mouthparts. Antenna (cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D23FFD753F72AE1FB285CB9" box="[1152,1234,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 47" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1143,1166]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1122]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,193,1122]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 47. Antennae of Nearctic Parathalassius (male left antenna in medial view, unless otherwise noted). 38. Parathalassius abela sp. nov. 39. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov. 40. Parathalassius candidatus Melander. 41. Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov. 42. Parathalassius melanderi Cole, right antenna in lateral view. 43. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., female. 44. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov. 45. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., right antenna in lateral view. 46. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov. 47. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov. Abbreviations: ar styl—arista-like stylus; ppedpostpedicel." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858392/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
|
||
) including aristalike stylus, entirely dark brown; postpedicel subquadrate, with expanded anteroventral margin, 1.4–1.5X longer than wide; arista-like stylus long, about 2.0X length of postpedicel. Palpus with 7–8 golden-yellow setae on outer surface of apical half.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D23FFD756D72A8AFDF85F0D" bold="true" box="[416,514,511,536]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Thorax:</emphasis>
|
||
Acrostichal setulae primarily biserial; 6–8 dorsocentral bristles, 0–1 presutural intra-alar bristles, 1 presutural supra-alar (posthumeral) bristle, 3–4 postsutural supra-alar bristles, 2 notopleural bristles. Scutellum with 3 pairs of bristles.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D23FFD755FD2932FD315F75" bold="true" box="[650,715,583,608]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Legs:</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D23FFD755A22932FCD75F75" box="[725,813,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Foreleg</emphasis>
|
||
: Dark grey basally, pale yellow from knee to apex of tibia, tarsus pale yellow, tarsomeres 2–5 or 3–5 pale brown to dark brown in some specimens. Coxa with moderately long pale yellow to golden-yellow setae on anterior surface. Femur with numerous long pale yellow to golden-yellow setae on posterior surface, posterodorsal and posteroventral rows prominent. Tibia with short pale yellow setae and setulae. Tarsus with pale yellow setulae; tarsomeres 1–2 not dilated.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D23FFD7531A29A2FB465FE5" box="[1133,1212,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Midleg</emphasis>
|
||
: Dark grey basally, pale yellow from knee to apex of tibia, tarsus pale yellow, tarsomeres 2–5 or 3–5 pale brown to dark brown in some specimens. Femur with pale yellow to golden-yellow setae on anterior surface, anteroventral rows long and prominent. Tibia with 1 apicoventral bristle. Tarsomeres 1–4 each with several dark spine-like apicoventral setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D23FFD757E02812FF0B5E95" box="[151,241,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Hindleg</emphasis>
|
||
: Dark grey basally, pale yellow from knee to apex of tibia, femur brown posteriorly, tarsus pale yellow, tarsomeres 2–5 or 3–5 pale brown to dark brown in some specimens. Femur with pale yellow to golden-yellow setae on anterior surface, anteroventral row long and prominent. Tibia clothed with short pale yellow setae. Tarsus slightly shorter than tibia with mostly short pale yellow setae and setulae; tarsomere 1 shorter than combined length of tarsomeres 2–4; tarsomeres 1–4 lacking peg-like or thickened setae dorsally; tarsomere 2 longer than tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3 longer than tarsomere 4; tarsomere 5 subequal in length to tarsomere 3.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D23FFD753F32F69FB3F5920" bold="true" box="[1156,1221,1052,1077]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D23FFD753A12F69FAD75920" box="[1238,1325,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 56 – 67" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1806,1829]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,185,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[170,1414,185,1765]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 56 – 67. Wings of Nearctic Parathalassius. 56. Parathalassius abela sp. nov., male. 57. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov., male. 58. Parathalassius candidatus Melander, male. 59. Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov., male. 60. Parathalassius melanderi Cole, male. 61. Parathalassius melanderi Cole, female. 62. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., male. 63. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., female. 64. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov., male. 65. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., male. 66. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov., male. 67. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., male. Abbreviations: bm-m—basal medial crossvein; cuaanterior cubital (= anal) cell; CuA—anterior branch of cubital vein; CuP—posterior branch of cubital vein; dm—discal medial cell; dm-m—discal medial crossvein; h—humeral crossvein; M 1, M 2, M 4 — medial veins; R 1, R 2 + 3, R 4 + 5 — radial veins." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858398/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
|
||
): Hyaline with dark brown veins and infuscate anteroapical spot. Cell dm produced apically, dm-m crossvein concave. Vein CuA+CuP short to medium length, slightly curved to straight.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D23FFD7542B2F11FC205968" bold="true" box="[860,986,1124,1149]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Abdomen:</emphasis>
|
||
Tergites 2–4 with setae well-developed and relatively long. Sternite 5 with slender anteriorly curved hook-like pregenitalic process present, base with short blunt anterior projection, apex pointed and lacking distinct microtrichia, posterior edge of sternite 5 (behind process) deeply emarginate. Sternite 8 subrectangular with setae relatively sparse, elongate on posterolateral margins.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D23FFD756762F80FE6A5819" box="[257,400,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Hypopygium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D23FFD756D52F81FDDC5818" box="[418,550,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 77" captionStartId="36.[151,264,946,969]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,212,891]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,205,911]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 77. Hypopygium of Parathalassius midas sp. nov. 76. Left lateral view. 77. Right lateral view. Abbreviations: cerc—cercus; d sur—dorsal lobe of surstylus; epand—epandrium; hypd—hypandrium; hyprct—hypoproct; pgt lb—postgonite lobe; ph—phallus; v epand proc—left ventral epandrial process; v sur—ventral lobe of surstylus. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858404/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs 76–77</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D23FFD755432F81FDA85819" box="[564,594,1268,1292]" captionStart="FIGURES 80 – 94" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[183,1424,197,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,193,1781]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 80 – 94. Left ventral epandrial processes of Nearctic Parathalassius, lateral view (unless otherwise noted). 80. Parathalassius abela sp. nov. 81. Parathalassius candidatus Melander. 82. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov. 83. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov. 84. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov. 85. Parathalassius dilatus sp. nov. 86. Parathalassius melanderi Cole. 87. Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov. 88. Parathalassius midas sp. nov. 89. Parathalassius socali sp. nov. 90. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., ventrolateral view. 91. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov. 92. Parathalassius aldrichi Melander. 93. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov. 94. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858408/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">88</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D23FFD755162F81FD3E5819" box="[609,708,1268,1292]" captionStart="FIGURES 111 – 114" captionStartId="41.[151,264,922,945]" captionTargetBox="[170,1410,201,888]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[162,1425,193,901]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 111 – 114. Phallus of Nearctic Parathalassius species. 111. Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov., distal portion, left lateral view. 112. Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov., distal portion, posterior view. 113. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., distal portion, left lateral view. 114. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., distal portion, posterior view. Abbreviation: v spur—ventral spurlike projection. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858414/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">113–114</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D23FFD755A52F81FCFB5819" box="[722,769,1268,1292]" captionStart="FIGURES 115 – 120" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1649,1672]" captionTargetBox="[158,1427,192,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[153,1438,173,1616]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 115 – 120. Male cerci of Nearctic Parathalassius, dorsal view. 115. Parathalassius abela sp. nov. 116. Parathalassius candidatus Melander. 117. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov. 118. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov. 119. Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov. 120. Parathalassius midas sp. nov. Abbreviation: hyprct—hypoproct. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858416/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">120</figureCitation>
|
||
): Large. Left epandrial lamella with ventral portion short, about as long as high; ventral epandrial process with short stem-like base proximal to broad bifurcation, dorsal arm elongate hook-shaped and strongly curved ventrally, ventral arm thick in basal part with minute preapical dorsal seta and pair of minute setae along distiventral margin, sclerotized apex flattened and slightly narrowed, ventral edge and medial surface serratulate. Dorsal lobe of left surstylus with basiventral edge produced as a subquadrate flap-like lobe, apex with broad bifurcate asymmetrical process arising from short tubular base, dorsal margin with 2 long setae (distal-most seta shorter), medial surface lacking knob- or stalk-like projection. Ventral lobe of left surstylus broadly subtriangular with narrow base, with complex upturned projection arising medioventrally. Right epandrial lamella bluntly pointed below articulation with ventral lobe of surstylus, ventral epandrial process not developed; basal portion of epandrial lamella narrowed and straight, with shallow dorsal emargination bordering ventral margin of right cercus. Dorsal lobe of right surstylus very broad with 2 long lateral setae (lower seta thickened), apex narrowed with blunt bilobate tip without apically-frayed prensiseta on medial surface. Ventral lobe of right surstylus broad, basally articulated, with preapical ventral ridge bearing short seta, apex flap-like and ventrally curved. Hypandrium small, reniform, bare, interior surface with weak longitudinal carina extending from base of posterior notch. Left postgonite lobe large with anteriorly curved dorsal projection and shorter ventral projection basally, markedly broadened preapically, apex deflected medially and tapered to acute tip, middle of lobe with broad lamelliform medial projection. Right postgonite lobe trifurcate, with slender upturned ventral projection, basally broad medial projection with elongate digitiform apex, and narrowly pointed dorsal projection. Phallus elongate and broadly curved, dorsoventrally flattened in basal half with serratulate process on right side near mid-length, apical half narrower with bifurcate tip. Ejaculatory apodeme subrectangular and relatively small. Hypoproct projected dorsally as pair of apically tapering, asymmetrical lobes, left lobe digitiform in distal part with blunt tip, right lobe broader with dentiform ventral process proximal to acute tip. Cerci with anal setae welldeveloped and differentiated from surrounding hairs; right cercus slightly larger than left cercus, subrectangular, apex not deflected dorsally, truncate and shallowly excavated with long thick submarginal seta; left cercus suboval in dorsal view, apex not deflected dorsally, acute with pair of long thick marginal setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D22FFD657B02A52FF355FD8" blockId="31.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D22FFD657B02A52FEDD5C55" bold="true" box="[199,295,295,320]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Female:</emphasis>
|
||
Body length 3.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B6F8D22FFD656852A5DFDB05C2A" box="[498,586,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, wing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B6F8D22FFD655952A52FC975C2A" box="[738,877,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="2.9">2.9–3.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Similar to male except as follows: Body covered with greyish-white pruinosity. Setae of body and legs lighter, white to pale yellow.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D22FFD6533C2A39FB715C70" bold="true" box="[1099,1163,332,357]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Head</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D22FFD653EC2A39FAE45C71" box="[1179,1310,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 37" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1775,1798]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,195,1754]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 37. Heads of Nearctic Parathalassius. 29 – 30. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., male, anterior and lateral views. 31 – 32. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., female, anterior and lateral views. 33. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov., male, anterior view. 34. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., male, anterior view. 35. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov., male, anterior view. 36. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., male, anterior view. 37. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., female, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858390/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs 31–32</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D22FFD6525C2A39FAB15C71" box="[1323,1355,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 47" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1143,1166]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1122]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,193,1122]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 47. Antennae of Nearctic Parathalassius (male left antenna in medial view, unless otherwise noted). 38. Parathalassius abela sp. nov. 39. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov. 40. Parathalassius candidatus Melander. 41. Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov. 42. Parathalassius melanderi Cole, right antenna in lateral view. 43. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., female. 44. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov. 45. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., right antenna in lateral view. 46. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov. 47. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov. Abbreviations: ar styl—arista-like stylus; ppedpostpedicel." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858392/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">43</figureCitation>
|
||
): Face, clypeus and lower frons without golden pruinosity, concolourous with greyish-white frons and vertex. Face wider, at middle about 3.0–3.5X width of anterior ocellus.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D22FFD655902AE1FCD25CB8" bold="true" box="[743,808,404,429]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Legs:</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D22FFD654462AE1FC735CB8" box="[817,905,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Foreleg</emphasis>
|
||
: Coxa with paler slightly shorter more slender setae on anterior surface.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D22FFD656B22AC2FDFC5CC5" bold="true" box="[453,518,439,464]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D22FFD6556E2AC2FD885CC5" box="[537,626,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 56 – 67" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1806,1829]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,185,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[170,1414,185,1765]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 56 – 67. Wings of Nearctic Parathalassius. 56. Parathalassius abela sp. nov., male. 57. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov., male. 58. Parathalassius candidatus Melander, male. 59. Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov., male. 60. Parathalassius melanderi Cole, male. 61. Parathalassius melanderi Cole, female. 62. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., male. 63. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., female. 64. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov., male. 65. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., male. 66. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov., male. 67. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., male. Abbreviations: bm-m—basal medial crossvein; cuaanterior cubital (= anal) cell; CuA—anterior branch of cubital vein; CuP—posterior branch of cubital vein; dm—discal medial cell; dm-m—discal medial crossvein; h—humeral crossvein; M 1, M 2, M 4 — medial veins; R 1, R 2 + 3, R 4 + 5 — radial veins." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858398/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
|
||
): Entirely hyaline with yellowish veins basally, brown veins apically.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D22FFD657E02AA9FEEF5CE0" bold="true" box="[151,277,476,501]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Abdomen:</emphasis>
|
||
Tergite 5 subrectangular in dorsal view with posterior margin truncate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D22FFD653292AA9FB3E5CE1" box="[1118,1220,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 127 – 132" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1826,1849]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[151,1436,411,1805]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 127 – 132. Female terminalia of Nearctic Parathalassius. 127. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., lateral view. 128. Same, dorsal view. 129. Same, ventral view. 130. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov., lateral view. 131. Same, dorsal view. 132. Same, ventral view. Abbreviations: st—sternite; tg—tergite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858420/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 128</figureCitation>
|
||
). Terminalia large, nearly as broad as base of segment 5 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D22FFD655362A8AFD1A5F0D" box="[577,736,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 127 – 132" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1826,1849]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[151,1436,411,1805]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 127 – 132. Female terminalia of Nearctic Parathalassius. 127. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., lateral view. 128. Same, dorsal view. 129. Same, ventral view. 130. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov., lateral view. 131. Same, dorsal view. 132. Same, ventral view. Abbreviations: st—sternite; tg—tergite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858420/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs 128–129</figureCitation>
|
||
); sternite 7 with a few setae along posterior margin; sternite 8, plate-like, lacking basal bulge, widened beyond base and narrowed apically, apical half without longitudinal ridges, apex bifurcate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D22FFD656302932FE575F75" box="[327,429,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 127 – 132" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1826,1849]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[151,1436,411,1805]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 127 – 132. Female terminalia of Nearctic Parathalassius. 127. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., lateral view. 128. Same, dorsal view. 129. Same, ventral view. 130. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov., lateral view. 131. Same, dorsal view. 132. Same, ventral view. Abbreviations: st—sternite; tg—tergite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858420/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs 129</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D22FFD656CD293DFE125F75" box="[442,488,584,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 133 – 141" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1156,1179]" captionTargetBox="[173,1424,196,1096]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[151,1436,193,1135]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 133 – 141. Female sternite 8 of Nearctic Parathalassius, ventral view. 133. Parathalassius abela sp. nov. 134. Parathalassius midas sp. nov. 135. Parathalassius candidatus Melander. 136. Parathalassius melanderi Cole. 137. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov. 138. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov. 139. Parathalassius socali sp. nov. 140. Parathalassius aldrichi Melander. 141. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858424/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">134</figureCitation>
|
||
); sternite 9 with trough-like transverse sclerite posteriorly and concave oval sclerite anteriorly; tergite 10 with hemitergites subtriangular and long, each with elongate apical projection bearing 2 acanthophorite spines at tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D22FFD6569529FAFD7E5FBD" box="[482,644,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 127 – 132" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1826,1849]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[151,1436,411,1805]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 127 – 132. Female terminalia of Nearctic Parathalassius. 127. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., lateral view. 128. Same, dorsal view. 129. Same, ventral view. 130. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov., lateral view. 131. Same, dorsal view. 132. Same, ventral view. Abbreviations: st—sternite; tg—tergite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858420/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs 127–128</figureCitation>
|
||
); cercus relatively long, blunt-tipped, with well-differentiated ventral lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A65018D22FFD657B029A2FB975E2D" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D22FFD657B029A2FB975E2D" blockId="31.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D22FFD657B029A2FD705FE5" bold="true" box="[199,650,727,752]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Distribution and seasonal occurrence.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D098D22FFD655E629A2FC795FE5" authorityName="Cumming" authorityYear="2017" box="[657,899,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Parathalassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="midas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D22FFD655E629A2FC795FE5" box="[657,899,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Parathalassius midas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently known to occur on sandy seashores from Cape Disappointment,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F8688D22FFD656A32989FDA65E00" box="[468,604,764,789]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
, south to Colonia
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F8688D22FFD654522989FC775E01" box="[805,909,764,788]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F8688D22FFD654EF2989FBBC5E00" box="[920,1094,764,789]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Baja
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F8688D22FFD654A62989FBBC5E00" box="[977,1094,764,789]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
, including localities in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F8688D22FFD6523F2989FA665E01" box="[1352,1436,764,788]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Oregon</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F8688D22FFD657B1286AFEC25E2D" box="[198,312,799,824]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D22FFD65630286AFE505E2D" box="[327,426,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURES 148 – 150" captionStartId="51.[151,264,1237,1260]" captionTargetBox="[153,1429,206,1204]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[151,1436,195,1216]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 148 – 150. Known geographical distributions of Nearctic Parathalassius. 148. Parathalassius midas sp. nov. 149. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov. 150. Parathalassius socali sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858430/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 148</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adults have been collected from late April to mid November.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A65018D22FFD657B02831FC915E95" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D22FFD657B02831FC915E95" blockId="31.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D22FFD657B02831FEB45E48" bold="true" box="[199,334,836,861]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name is derived from
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D22FFD654772831FCBC5E48" box="[768,838,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Midas</emphasis>
|
||
, the Greek mythical king with a golden touch, in reference to the gold face and setae of males of this new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A65018D22FFD657B028F9FAE1594D" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D22FFD657B028F9FC9D5920" blockId="31.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D22FFD657B028F9FEC15EB0" bold="true" box="[199,315,908,933]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The COI barcoded
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F8688D22FFD6556A28F9FD585EB0" box="[541,674,908,933]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FB88288D22FFD6559F28F9FCB05EB0" box="[744,842,908,933]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
shows a significant degree of genetic divergence (at minimally 4.1%) from the two female southern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F8688D22FFD655D828DAFCDB5EDD" box="[687,801,943,968]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
COI barcoded specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D22FFD6532528DAFB495EDD" box="[1106,1203,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 154" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1894,1916]" captionTargetBox="[364,1304,240,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[151,1436,193,1872]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 154. Neighbour-joining tree of 147 Parathalassius specimens and one outgroup specimen with COI sequences> 300 base pairs (bp), including unique voucher number, sequence length, geographic locality, and GenBank number." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858434/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 154</figureCitation>
|
||
), possibly indicating the presence of an additional cryptic species within the current concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D098D22FFD654A928A0FBC45EF8" authorityName="Cumming" authorityYear="2017" box="[990,1086,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Parathalassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="midas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D22FFD654A928A0FC165EF9" box="[990,1004,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D22FFD6548C28A1FBC45EF8" box="[1019,1086,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">midas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Despite this degree of genetic divergence, the northern populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D098D22FFD6552A288CFD445905" authorityName="Cumming" authorityYear="2017" box="[605,702,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Parathalassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="midas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D22FFD6552A288CFD915905" box="[605,619,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D22FFD6550C2882FD445905" box="[635,702,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">midas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F8688D22FFD654722882FC705905" box="[773,906,1015,1040]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F8688D22FFD654B3288DFBE15905" box="[964,1051,1016,1040]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Oregon</collectingRegion>
|
||
, appear morphologically identical to the southern populations from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F8688D22FFD6557C2F69FD875920" box="[523,637,1052,1077]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F8688D22FFD655C42F69FC995920" box="[691,867,1052,1077]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Baja
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F8688D22FFD655992F69FC995920" box="[750,867,1052,1077]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D22FFD657B02F4AFAE1594D" blockId="31.[151,1437,151,1112]" box="[199,1307,1087,1112]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">This species is rarely collected and does not appear to be abundant on the beaches it has colonized.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |