171 lines
18 KiB
XML
171 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="BBBCCC4FF668355E17CB58798A507F73">The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D8123AA8FA7CD7D19BDCA18EE2845A78">Williams, Kevin A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F4948E1F8EA756202ABE24F63976CE22">Lelej, Arkady S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="52504593F8A1C6CEBE8BD4B61F50DDBD">Okayasu, Juriya</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D771CD40E05AC42E3E1F55E5728C46A7">Borkent, Christopher J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="F3DB64C492686C4B4BDDC87937B9B609" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="39060F275F5A96AABC3BFEE1A33374FB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="942A525FF7F38DD526AA2C734D9206DE">Malee, Rufeah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="04A00FCF28B8CB0DC230EFE5C9499496">Thoawan, Kodeeyah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8FD393AFC5186E456B1B091C14B846CA">Thaochan, Narit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C38A7E063FA439855CC1791361A06ECC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5454A4E10A8B5187DED60CE430100155">
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<mods:date id="F5B08ACB5A676C4955165DBE6E0240A1">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CD393862E70263E090EE28A32611A2DA">2019-05-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5BC20915B57717A864E0A749AC13E8E8">4602</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B11B273FA697B42D959D511D446F2254" type="CLB-Dataset">26916</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1AF7B50D8F2DBFCFB05BD72122AC4D4D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.2669927</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A7378253D9954E3F3FF3EA5E8BBEE969" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DCF504FFE29867FF3929894983C78B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5923587" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157062812" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5923587" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DCF504FFE29867FF3929894983C78B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFE29867FF3929894983C78B" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection id="C36F1799FFE29868FF3929894B5FC109" box="[151,575,1771,1797]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCA4412FFE29868FF3929894B5FC109" blockId="23.[151,575,1771,1797]" box="[151,575,1771,1797]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<heading id="D082F37EFFE29868FF3929894B5FC109" bold="true" box="[151,575,1771,1797]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9019800FFE29868FF3929894B5FC109" bold="true" box="[151,575,1771,1797]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Genus 13.
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<taxonomicName id="4C753F91FFE29868FEB429894B5FC109" authority="Andre, 1902" authorityName="Andre" authorityYear="1902" box="[282,575,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Promecilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9019800FFE29868FEB4298948FEC109" bold="true" box="[282,414,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Promecilla</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE439E3FFE29868FE0B29894B5FC109" author="Andre, E" box="[421,575,1771,1797]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref57562" refString="Andre, E (1902 [" 1903 "]) Fam. Mutillidae. Genera Insectorum. In: Wytsman, P, Bruxelles, Fasc. 11, 1 - 77, pl. 1 - 3." type="book chapter" year="1902">André, 1902</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F1799FFE29868FF3928504D94C19F" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BCA4412FFE29868FF3928504DD2C147" blockId="23.[151,1437,1842,2011]" box="[151,1202,1842,1867]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="B9019800FFE29868FF3928504871C147" bold="true" box="[151,273,1842,1867]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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FEMALE. See the key above and Lelej (1995b). MALE. See
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE439E3FFE29868FC6528504D2FC147" author="Lelej, A. S." box="[971,1103,1842,1867]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref58661" refString="Lelej, A. S. (1985) The velvet ants (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) of the USSR and neighbouring countries. Nauka, Leningrad, 268 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1985">Lelej (1985</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE439E3FFE29868FBF528504DC5C147" author="Lelej, A. S." box="[1115,1189,1842,1867]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref58814" refString="Lelej, A. S. (1995 b) To the knowledge of East Asian species of the tribe Smicromyrmini Bischoff, 1920 (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) with description of four new genera and eight new species. Far Eastern Entomologist, 13, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1995">1995b</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCA4412FFE29868FF6928374D94C19F" blockId="23.[151,1437,1842,2011]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="B9019800FFE29868FF6928374B6AC162" bold="true" box="[199,522,1877,1902]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Diversity and Distribution.</emphasis>
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There are 27 species recognized (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE439E3FFE29868FC2228374D51C162" author="Bischoff, H. & Monographie der Mutilliden Afrikas" box="[908,1073,1877,1902]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="4 - 5" refId="ref57891" refString="Bischoff, H. (1920 - 1921) Monographie der Mutilliden Afrikas. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 86 A (1 - 3), 1 - 480 (1920); 86 A (4 - 5), 481 - 830 (1921)." type="journal article" year="1920">Bischoff 1920</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE439E3FFE29868FB9328374DDAC162" author="Lelej" box="[1085,1210,1877,1902]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref59047" refString="Lelej A. S. (2002) Catalogue of the Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) of the Palaearctic Region. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, 172 pp." type="book" year="2002">Lelej 2002</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE439E3FFE29868FB6828374C62C162" author="Lelej, A. S." box="[1222,1282,1877,1902]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref59074" refString="Lelej, A. S. (2005) Catalogue of the Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) of the Oriental Region. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, 252 pp." type="book" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
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), including
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<taxonomicName id="4C753F91FFE29868FA29283548DBC19F" authority="Lelej, 2005" authorityName="Lelej" authorityYear="2005" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Promecilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="philippinensis">
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<emphasis id="B9019800FFE29868FA2928354854C19F" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. philippinensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE439E3FFE29868FE95281848DBC19F" author="Lelej, A. S." box="[315,443,1914,1939]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref59074" refString="Lelej, A. S. (2005) Catalogue of the Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) of the Oriental Region. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, 252 pp." type="book" year="2005">Lelej, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="134E5897FFE29868FE6428184B7BC19E" box="[458,539,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–28" captionStartId="51.[151,263,1875,1898]" captionTargetBox="[169,1417,193,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[169,1417,193,1854]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 1–28. Mutillidae, dorsal habitus of females. Scale bars represent actual specimen length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2669929/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
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) from the
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<collectingCountry id="F3620482FFE29868FD3F28184A6FC19F" box="[657,783,1914,1939]" name="Philippines" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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and nearly half of these occurring in
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<collectingCountry id="F3620482FFE29868FB1D28184D90C19F" box="[1203,1264,1914,1939]" name="India" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">India</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F1799FFE29867FF6928FF4983C78B" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BCA4412FFE29867FF6928FF4983C78B" blockId="23.[151,1437,1842,2011]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1436,151,391]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="B9019800FFE29868FF6928FF485BC1BA" bold="true" box="[199,315,1949,1974]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Some species, like
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<taxonomicName id="4C753F91FFE29868FDB428FD4BE3C1BA" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[538,643,1949,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Promecilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decora">
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<emphasis id="B9019800FFE29868FDB428FD4BE3C1BA" box="[538,643,1949,1974]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. decora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were formerly included in
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<taxonomicName id="4C753F91FFE29868FC1928FF4D76C1BA" baseAuthorityName="Lelej" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[951,1046,1949,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sinotilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9019800FFE29868FC1928FF4D76C1BA" box="[951,1046,1949,1974]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Sinotilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. In most keys,
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<taxonomicName id="4C753F91FFE29868FB6C28FF4C5EC1BA" authorityName="Andre" authorityYear="1902" box="[1218,1342,1949,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Promecilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9019800FFE29868FB6C28FF4C5EC1BA" box="[1218,1342,1949,1974]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Promecilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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females are separated from
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<taxonomicName id="4C753F91FFE29868FED728A048B8C1D7" baseAuthorityName="Lelej" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[377,472,1986,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sinotilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9019800FFE29868FED728A048B8C1D7" box="[377,472,1986,2011]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Sinotilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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because they lack a scutellar scale. This trait can be deceptively difficult to score because the scutellar scale size is variable in genera that do possess a scale (like
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<taxonomicName id="4C753F91FFED9867FBCA2FF54DA3C6BC" baseAuthorityName="Lelej" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1124,1219,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sinotilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9019800FFED9867FBCA2FF54DA3C6BC" box="[1124,1219,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Sinotilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and sometimes a confluence of puncture intervals can form an apparent scale in genera that shouldn’t possess one (like
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<taxonomicName id="4C753F91FFED9867FABE2FDE4CEBC6D9" authorityName="Andre" authorityYear="1902" box="[1296,1419,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Promecilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9019800FFED9867FABE2FDE4CEBC6D9" box="[1296,1419,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Promecilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). In these cases, the best hope for accurate genus assignment is to discover the sex association, as males of
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<taxonomicName id="4C753F91FFED9867FF392E664873C711" authorityName="Andre" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,275,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Promecilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9019800FFED9867FF392E664873C711" box="[151,275,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Promecilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C753F91FFED9867FEFC2E6648D1C711" baseAuthorityName="Lelej" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[338,433,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sinotilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9019800FFED9867FEFC2E6648D1C711" box="[338,433,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Sinotilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differ in antennal and genitalic morphology, and the male of
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<taxonomicName id="4C753F91FFED9867FB3E2E674D9AC711" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[1168,1274,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Promecilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decora">
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<emphasis id="B9019800FFED9867FB3E2E674D9AC711" box="[1168,1274,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. decora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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described by Pagden, clearly belongs to
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<emphasis id="B9019800FFED9867FE7B2E454B39C74C" box="[469,601,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="4C753F91FFED9867FE7B2E454B34C74C" authorityName="Andre" authorityYear="1902" box="[469,596,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Promecilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Promecilla</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Discovery of new sex associations might lead to changes in the genus assignments proposed in this research, but that will facilitate more accurate genus limits and diagnoses for these wasps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |