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<document id="99A89400FD06B39D102AB105AD56275A" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.10881992" ID-ISSN="0936-9902" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10881992" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1711474576113" checkinUser="juliana" docAuthor="Weitzman, Stanley H. &amp; Malabarba, Luiz R." docDate="1999" docId="03DA87B22A2EFFC9FE08F41F4FE1FC40" docLanguage="en" docName="IchthyolExplorFres.10.1.1-43.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters 10 (1)" docTitle="Spintherobolus broccae Myers" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="FFE3FFCA2A33FFEBFFB0FF824B09FF9B" masterDocTitle="Systematics of Spintherobolus (Teleostei: Characidae: Cheirodontinae) from eastern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1711475764197" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="346DEBD6399786BF2ECF216D7A0A300B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="D63897C91E0D706BA01BCABAB5F2EFC7">
<mods:title id="11AE3DB322C1266C493937271532315F">Systematics of Spintherobolus (Teleostei: Characidae: Cheirodontinae) from eastern Brazil</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="49B902E12A1BDFBD46E1620DF5504713" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4820782E2B5A8E3A1ECACF92F852C3F4">
<mods:roleTerm id="2A92F52D350969568FB6D6377D9B14ED">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E87818C57BE50C63B7A66F65F7718BA7">Weitzman, Stanley H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D059AD2741296453E8069F6D564EBAC9">Division of Fishes, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC- 159, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C. 20560, USA.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="BFB55C1AF9968A03E7E1688F0554B84A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="848A77EC44A36F70947948133D8DF7CA">
<mods:roleTerm id="CBFF9C88F1A9F76AC8C76F7BC7E2F438">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3DD0138E8700A8A434BF47569FD4CD34">Malabarba, Luiz R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E88DB5637D59AE3C55694C494B6F51F0">Laboratório de Ictiologia, Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP 90619 - 900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, and Departamento de Zoologia, IB, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="EEC47890A7CD410D0F1C02422711B07E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="513A3F94DF672A379CBC7847822397ED">
<mods:title id="2109BF1DDC9D9B16712D5DA01AC3F8E3">Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="571118494AEED9B00FC9603645BAAEC9">
<mods:date id="C5E10EC90F317C0181F5EB53513601AC">1999</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="A97F067E54565FF2CC46BAB2079CBE25" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="75B6ABF1F7C9C93081BCF75DECCCD02E">1999-01-01</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="DFEA5A7687A34FA50CAC1F0D154E973F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="EAE42A6AAB64352328F67F22FA3E19E7">10</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="C2E3E827F7A882D13843EF2F32A4F631">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="B3EB32CE3BD63747703C182819887395" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.10881992</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3977B93EB0F346A7766CAF66D96ADE8D" type="ISSN">0936-9902</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="41132DF9139E688FD37B0B9DCBAA231A" type="Zenodo-Dep">10881992</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DA87B22A2EFFC9FE08F41F4FE1FC40" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10881813" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10881813" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87B22A2EFFC9FE08F41F4FE1FC40" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87B22A2EFFC9FE08F41F4FE1FC40" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<subSubSection id="C369652F2A2EFFF6FE08F41F4F6EF44B" box="[440,1127,2973,3024]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A2EFFF6FE08F41F4F6EF44B" blockId="29.[440,1127,2973,3085]" box="[440,1127,2973,3024]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="D08481C82A2EFFF6FE08F41F4F6EF44B" box="[440,1127,2973,3024]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A2EFFF6FE08F41F4F6EF44B" ID-CoL="4Z63Q" authority="Myers" authorityName="Myers" box="[440,1127,2973,3024]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2EFFF6FE08F41F480CF44B" box="[440,773,2973,3024]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Spintherobolus</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2EFFF6FCADF41F48CAF44B" box="[797,963,2973,3024]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">broccae</emphasis>
Myers
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652F2A2EFFF6FDDFF45948A6F396" box="[623,943,3035,3085]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A2EFFF6FDDFF45948A6F396" blockId="29.[440,1127,2973,3085]" box="[623,943,3035,3085]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="D08481C82A2EFFF6FDDFF45948A6F396" box="[623,943,3035,3085]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="4">
(
<figureCitation id="13482A212A2EFFF6FDCFF4594805F396" box="[639,780,3035,3085]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[73,121,928,961]" captionTargetBox="[70,1746,205,877]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Spintherobolus broccae, USNM 287324, adult male, 18.2 mm SL, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10881997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10881997/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13482A212A2EFFF6FC9BF4594894F396" box="[811,925,3035,3085]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="29.[247,314,2145,2192]" captionStartId-1="29.[248,315,2199,2247]" captionStartId-2="30.[62,127,2126,2171]" captionStartId-3="30.[62,127,2179,2224]" captionTargetBox-0="[247,2485,289,1194]" captionTargetBox-1="[246,2483,1212,2098]" captionTargetBox-2="[64,2287,266,1085]" captionTargetBox-3="[86,2114,1210,2057]" captionTargetPageId-0="29" captionTargetPageId-1="29" captionTargetPageId-2="30" captionTargetPageId-3="30" captionText-0="Fig. 32. Spintherobolus broccae, USNM 287324, adult male 18.9 mm SL, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Cachoeira de Macacu. " captionText-1="Fig. 33. Spintherobolus broccae, USNM 287324, adult female 20.8 mm SL, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Cachoeira de Macacu." captionText-2="Fig. 34. Spintherobolus broccae, USNM 92959, paratype, adult male 20.3 mm SL, Brazil, vicinity of Rio de Janeiro. " captionText-3="Fig. 35. Spintherobolus broccae, USNM 297997, adult female, SL uncertain, Brazil, São Paulo, Bertioga." figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882072" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882074" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882077" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10882072/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10882074/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10882077/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">32-35</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652F2A2EFFF6FF47F3D1424AF674" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A2EFFF6FF47F3D1424AF674" blockId="29.[247,1323,3155,3447]" lastBlockId="29.[1480,2479,2429,2543]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB63118A2A2EFFF6FF47F3D14F76F31E" box="[247,1151,3155,3205]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210B52A2EFFF6FF47F3D14F70F31E" author="Myers, G. S." box="[247,1145,3155,3205]" page="143" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1925">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A2EFFF6FF47F3D14F70F31E" ID-CoL="4Z63Q" authority="Myers, 1925: 143" authorityName="Myers" authorityPageNumber="143" authorityYear="1925" box="[247,1145,3155,3205]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2EFFF6FF47F3D14928F31E" box="[247,545,3155,3205]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Spintherobolus</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2EFFF6FD8FF3D149D9F31E" box="[575,720,3155,3205]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">broccae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B552A2EFFF6FD5CF3D14F70F31E" author="Myers, G. S." box="[748,1145,3155,3205]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="143 - 144" refId="ref30041" refString="Myers, G. S. 1925. Description of a new cheirodontine characin from Rio de Janeiro. Ann. Carnegie Mus., 16: 143 - 144." type="journal article" year="1925">Myers, 1925: 143</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
,
</treatmentCitationGroup>
2 figs. (new species description,
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CF92A2EFFF6FC25F30E49F6F2A0" collectionCode="CM, FMNH" location="Rio de Janeiro" municipality="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="CM 7979a, FMNH 58863" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
type locality: hills behind
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA8ACDE2A2EFFF6FE44F3494836F364" box="[500,831,3275,3327]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Rio de Janeiro</collectingMunicipality>
,
<typeStatus id="54C888062A2EFFF6FCEFF3494F28F364" box="[863,1057,3275,3327]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A2EFFF6FBF7F3494E22F364" box="[1095,1323,3275,3327]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">CM 7979a</specimenCode>
(now
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A2EFFF6FE70F28A49E2F2A0" box="[448,747,3336,3387]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">FMNH 58863</specimenCode>
),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CF92A2EFFF6FCBDF28A424AF674" collectionCode="CM, USNM" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="CM 7980a, USNM 92959, CAS-SU 24073" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A2EFFF6FCBDF28A4852F2A0" box="[781,859,3336,3387]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="generic">one</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54C888062A2EFFF6FCD8F28A4F38F2A0" box="[872,1073,3336,3387]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">paratype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A2EFFF6FBF5F28A4E2BF2A0" box="[1093,1314,3336,3387]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">CM 7980a</specimenCode>
, five additional spms in author’s collection, # 56, three of these are
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A2EFFF6F82BF6FF43C9F628" box="[1947,2240,2429,2483]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">USNM 92959</specimenCode>
, but 1 spm missing; see also
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A2EFFF6F8E5F63E439EF674" box="[1877,2199,2492,2543]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">CAS-SU 24073</specimenCode>
below)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652F2A2EFFF5FAC9F5B74EEBF5CB" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A2EFFF5FAC9F5B74EEBF5CB" blockId="29.[1399,2479,2613,3444]" lastBlockId="30.[1212,2282,2412,2640]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Specimens examined.
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CF92A2EFFF6F825F5B74276F544" collectingDate="1924" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="R. Brocca" country="Brazil" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="31" location="Rio de Janeiro" municipality="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="USNM 92959" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A2EFFF6F825F5B743C5F5FE" box="[1941,2252,2613,2661]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">USNM 92959</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A2EFFF6F740F5B742ACF5FE" box="[2288,2469,2613,2661]" count="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
,
<typeStatus id="54C888062A2EFFF6FAC8F5F24D5CF53F" box="[1400,1621,2672,2724]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 20.0-
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A2EFFF6F969F5F24C9AF53F" box="[1753,1939,2672,2724]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.03" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="20.3">20.3 mm</quantity>
SL; near
<collectingRegion id="49B7F8462A2EFFF6F7C3F5F242A6F53F" box="[2163,2479,2672,2724]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
(city),
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA8ACDE2A2EFFF6F9BCF52E4C51F544" box="[1548,1880,2732,2783]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Rio de Janeiro</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36476342A2EFFF6F8C7F52E4CF2F544" box="[1911,2043,2732,2783]" name="Brazil" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Brazil</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingDate id="EF89E98C2A2EFFF6F7ADF52E4389F544" box="[2077,2176,2732,2783]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<date id="FFCD10642A2EFFF6F7ADF52E4389F544" box="[2077,2176,2732,2783]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1924">1924</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="268653722A2EFFF6F711F52E427DF544" box="[2209,2420,2732,2783]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">R. Brocca</collectorName>
.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CF92A2EFFF6F627F52E4C71F40B" collectingDate="1924" collectorName="R. Brocca &amp; Salathe" country="Brazil" elevation="20" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="31" location="Rio de Janeiro" municipality="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="CAS-SU 24073" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro" typeStatus="paratype">
-
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A2EFFF6FAC8F56B4DB4F480" box="[1400,1725,2793,2843]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">CAS-SU 24073</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A2EFFF6F967F56B4C63F480" box="[1751,1898,2793,2843]" count="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A2EFFF6F833F56B4306F480" box="[1923,2063,2793,2843]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.03" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="20.3">
<elevation id="005ED1972A2EFFF6F833F56B4306F480" box="[1923,2063,2793,2843]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.03" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="20.3">20.3 m</elevation>
</quantity>
SL;
<typeStatus id="54C888062A2EFFF6F7C5F56B4230F480" box="[2165,2361,2793,2843]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">paratype</typeStatus>
;
<collectingCountry id="F36476342A2EFFF6F6E5F56B4EA6F4C8" name="Brazil" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B7F8462A2EFFF6FA7CF4A64C18F4C8" box="[1484,1809,2852,2899]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
, near
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA8ACDE2A2EFFF6F813F4A643EFF4C8" box="[1955,2278,2852,2899]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Rio de Janeiro</collectingMunicipality>
;
<collectingDate id="EF89E98C2A2EFFF6F6B4F4A64261F4C8" box="[2308,2408,2852,2899]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<date id="FFCD10642A2EFFF6F6B4F4A64261F4C8" box="[2308,2408,2852,2899]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1924">1924</date>
</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="268653722A2EFFF6F634F4A64D01F40B" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">R. Brocca</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="268653722A2EFFF6F9E0F4DF4DFBF40B" box="[1616,1778,2909,2960]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Salathe</collectorName>
, 1924.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CF92A2EFFF6F83CF4DF4CE5F3DC" collectingDate="1979-11-27" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="C. Cruz &amp; S. Weitzman" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="31" location="Saquarema" municipality="Sampaio Correa" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="USNM 342062" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="1">
-
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A2EFFF6F805F4DF43FEF40B" box="[1973,2295,2909,2960]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">USNM 342062</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A2EFFF6F6A3F4DF42ACF40B" box="[2323,2469,2909,2960]" count="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A2EFFF6FACBF41E4D39F450" box="[1403,1584,2972,3019]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="19.2">19.2 mm</quantity>
SL,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A2EFFF6F91BF41E4C8EF450" box="[1707,1927,2972,3019]" count="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A2EFFF6F81BF41E43C4F450" box="[1963,2253,2972,3019]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.18" metricValueMax="2.21" metricValueMin="2.15" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="21.8" valueMax="22.1" valueMin="21.5">21.5-22.1 mm</quantity>
SL;
<locationDeviation id="9A7E2F862A2EFFF6F6F4F41E4EDAF397" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A2EFFF6F6F4F41E42A4F450" box="[2372,2477,2972,3019]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
East
</locationDeviation>
of
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA8ACDE2A2EFFF6F9A4F45B4C70F397" box="[1556,1913,3033,3084]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sampaio Correa</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EAC607F2A2EFFF6F83CF45B438EF397" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87B22A2EFFC9FE08F41F4FE1FC40:8EAC607F2A2EFFF6F83CF45B438EF397" box="[1932,2183,3033,3084]" municipality="Sampaio Correa" name="Saquarema" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Saquarema</location>
;
<date id="FFCD10642A2EFFF6F72BF45B42AFF397" box="[2203,2470,3033,3084]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1979-11-27">
<collectingDate id="EF89E98C2A2EFFF6F72BF45B42AFF397" box="[2203,2470,3033,3084]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1979-11-27">27 Nov 1979</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="268653722A2EFFF6FAC7F3974D25F3DC" box="[1399,1580,3093,3143]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. Cruz</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="268653722A2EFFF6F9FBF3974C62F3DC" box="[1611,1899,3093,3143]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S. Weitzman</collectorName>
et al.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CF92A2EFFF6F7B4F3974CADF360" collectingDate="1979-11-27" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="C. Cruz &amp; S. Weitzman" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="31" location="rio Macacu" municipality="Cachoeiras de Macacu" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="USNM 287324" specimenCount="43" specimenCount-female="29" specimenCount-male="14">
-
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A2EFFF6F783F3974270F3DC" box="[2099,2425,3093,3143]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">USNM 287324</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A2EFFF6F62BF3974EE1F318" count="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, c&amp;s,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A2EFFF6F93DF3D34C45F318" box="[1677,1868,3153,3203]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8199999999999998" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="18.2">18.2 mm</quantity>
SL,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A2EFFF6F87BF3D343B9F318" box="[1995,2224,3153,3203]" count="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
, c&amp;s 18.3- 19.0 mm SL;
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A2EFFF6F91CF30F4C7DF35B" box="[1708,1908,3213,3264]" count="13" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="male">13 males</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A2EFFF6F829F30F43B2F35B" box="[1945,2235,3213,3264]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="1.89" metricValueMin="1.71" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="18.0" valueMax="18.9" valueMin="17.1">17.1-18.9 mm</quantity>
SL,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A2EFFF6F69FF30F4EF2F360" count="27" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="female">27 females</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A2EFFF6F991F34E4C4DF360" box="[1569,1860,3276,3323]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" metricValueMax="2.09" metricValueMin="1.75" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="19.2" valueMax="20.9" valueMin="17.5">17.5-20.9 mm</quantity>
SL;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CF92A2EFFF5F871F34E4AA2F588" collectingDate="1979-11-27" collectionCode="MCP" collectorName="C. Cruz &amp; S. Weitzman" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" location="rio Macacu" municipality="Cachoeiras de Macacu" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="MCP 19196" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="4">
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A2EFFF6F871F34E43C4F360" box="[1985,2253,3276,3323]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">MCP 19196</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A2EFFF6F740F34E42ACF360" box="[2288,2469,3276,3323]" count="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A2EFFF6FAC9F2854D92F2AC" box="[1401,1691,3335,3383]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.77" metricValueMax="1.7899999999999998" metricValueMin="1.75" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="17.7" valueMax="17.9" valueMin="17.5">17.5-17.9 mm</quantity>
SL,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A2EFFF6F8B0F2854CDAF2AC" box="[1792,2003,3335,3383]" count="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A2EFFF6F85FF2854219F2AC" box="[2031,2320,3335,3383]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.815" metricValueMax="1.89" metricValueMin="1.7399999999999998" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="18.15" valueMax="18.9" valueMin="17.4">17.4-18.9 mm</quantity>
SL;
<location id="8EAC607F2A2EFFF6F6C4F2854D2EF2EF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87B22A2EFFC9FE08F41F4FE1FC40:8EAC607F2A2EFFF6F6C4F2854D2EF2EF" municipality="Cachoeiras de Macacu" name="rio Macacu" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">rio Macacu</location>
, near town of
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA8ACDE2A2EFFF6F829F2C242ADF2EF" box="[1945,2468,3392,3444]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cachoeiras de Macacu</collectingMunicipality>
, small tributary about
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A2DFFF5FD88F6EB49C5F606" box="[568,716,2409,2461]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">
<locationDeviation id="9A7E2F862A2DFFF5FD88F6EB49C5F606" box="[568,716,2409,2461]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1 -2 km</locationDeviation>
</quantity>
from town, highway bridge over stream;
<date id="FFCD10642A2DFFF5FDEFF62A4878F641" box="[607,881,2472,2522]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1979-11-27">
<collectingDate id="EF89E98C2A2DFFF5FDEFF62A4878F641" box="[607,881,2472,2522]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1979-11-27">27 Nov 1979</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="268653722A2DFFF5FC38F62A4F3AF641" box="[904,1075,2472,2522]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. Cruz</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="268653722A2DFFF5FBFCF62A4A12F588" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S. Weitzman</collectorName>
et al.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CF92A2DFFF5FE77F6664AD4F498" collectingDate="1954-08-04" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="L. Travassos" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" location="Baixada Fluminense" municipality="Imbarie" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="MNRJ 8796" specimenCount="12" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-immature="6" specimenCount-male="3">
-
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A2DFFF5FE4BF6664801F588" box="[507,776,2532,2579]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">MNRJ 8796</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A2DFFF5FC9DF66648EAF588" box="[813,995,2532,2579]" count="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A2DFFF5FBBAF6664BF9F5CB" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.825" metricValueMax="1.8399999999999999" metricValueMin="1.81" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="18.25" valueMax="18.4" valueMin="18.1">18.1 - 18.4 mm</quantity>
SL,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A2DFFF5FEE1F5A2492BF5CB" box="[337,546,2592,2640]" count="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
, 18.0-
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A2DFFF5FD13F5A24852F5CB" box="[675,859,2592,2640]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="18.5">18.5 mm</quantity>
SL,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A2DFFF5FC0DF5A24B9CF515" count="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="immature">6 immature</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A2DFFF5FF09F5D84ADEF515" box="[185,471,2650,2702]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.7399999999999998" metricValueMin="1.3599999999999999" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="17.4" valueMin="13.6">13.6-17.4 mm</quantity>
SL; swamp or marshy area near
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA8ACDE2A2DFFF5FF1DF5154A5CF551" box="[173,341,2711,2762]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Imbarié</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EAC607F2A2DFFF5FEC8F515484BF551" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87B22A2EFFC9FE08F41F4FE1FC40:8EAC607F2A2DFFF5FEC8F515484BF551" box="[376,834,2711,2762]" municipality="Imbarie" name="Baixada Fluminense" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Baixada Fluminense</location>
;
<date id="FFCD10642A2DFFF5FCEFF5154F6FF551" box="[863,1126,2711,2762]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1954-08-04">
<collectingDate id="EF89E98C2A2DFFF5FCEFF5154F6FF551" box="[863,1126,2711,2762]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1954-08-04">4 Aug 1954</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="268653722A2DFFF5FF8CF5514A5AF498" box="[60,339,2771,2819]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L. Travassos</collectorName>
et al.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CF92A2DFFF5FE49F5514A82F46E" collectingDate="1942-09-28" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="L. Travassos" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" location="Raiz da Serra" municipality="Petropolis" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="MNRJ 6264" specimenCount="62" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">
-
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A2DFFF5FD9CF551483EF498" box="[556,823,2771,2819]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">MNRJ 6264</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A2DFFF5FCEBF5514884F498" box="[859,909,2771,2819]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">62</specimenCount>
, adults + immature,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A2DFFF5FE81F48D4958F4D9" box="[305,593,2831,2882]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" metricValueMax="1.88" metricValueMin="1.46" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="16.7" valueMax="18.8" valueMin="14.6">14.6-18.8 mm</quantity>
SL; old road to
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA8ACDE2A2DFFF5FC7DF48D4B8EF4E6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Petrópolis</collectingMunicipality>
, about
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A2DFFF5FE85F4C94AC0F4E6" box="[309,457,2891,2941]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">
<locationDeviation id="9A7E2F862A2DFFF5FE85F4C94AC0F4E6" box="[309,457,2891,2941]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1-2 km</locationDeviation>
</quantity>
from new road to Petrópolis,
<location id="8EAC607F2A2DFFF5FF8CF4054A7AF421" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87B22A2EFFC9FE08F41F4FE1FC40:8EAC607F2A2DFFF5FF8CF4054A7AF421" box="[60,371,2951,3002]" municipality="Petropolis" name="Raiz da Serra" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">Raiz da Serra</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B7F8462A2DFFF5FE27F40549E0F421" box="[407,745,2951,3002]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
;
<date id="FFCD10642A2DFFF5FCBBF4054F2AF421" box="[779,1059,2951,3002]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1942-09-28">
<collectingDate id="EF89E98C2A2DFFF5FCBBF4054F2AF421" box="[779,1059,2951,3002]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1942-09-28">28 Sep 1942</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="268653722A2DFFF5FBF6F4054A06F46E" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L. Travassos</collectorName>
et al.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CF92A2DFFF5FE2DF4414952F2B8" collectingDate="1972-12-15" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="E. Izecksohn" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" location="Estacion Ecologia" municipality="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="USNM 342064" specimenCount="23" specimenCount-female="10" specimenCount-male="13">
-
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A2DFFF5FE78F4414805F46E" box="[456,780,3011,3061]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">USNM 342064</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A2DFFF5FC9BF44148E5F46E" box="[811,1004,3011,3061]" count="13" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">13 males</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A2DFFF5FBBAF4414BF9F3AA" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.2399999999999998" metricValueMin="1.86" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="20.5" valueMax="22.4" valueMin="18.6">18.6- 22.4 mm</quantity>
SL,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A2DFFF5FEE0F383493FF3AA" box="[336,566,3073,3121]" count="10" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="female">10 females</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A2DFFF5FDFBF3834879F3AA" box="[587,880,3073,3121]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.29" metricValueMin="2.01" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="21.5" valueMax="22.9" valueMin="20.1">20.1 -22.9 mm</quantity>
SL, 1 (c&amp;s),
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A2DFFF5FF8DF3BC4BFCF3F4" box="[61,245,3134,3183]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.94" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="19.4">19.4 mm</quantity>
SL;
<location id="8EAC607F2A2DFFF5FEC4F3BC481DF3F4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87B22A2EFFC9FE08F41F4FE1FC40:8EAC607F2A2DFFF5FEC4F3BC481DF3F4" box="[372,788,3134,3183]" municipality="Rio de Janeiro" name="Estacion Ecologia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Estacion Ecologia</location>
,
<location id="8EAC607F2A2DFFF5FC89F3BC49F2F331" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87B22A2EFFC9FE08F41F4FE1FC40:8EAC607F2A2DFFF5FC89F3BC49F2F331" municipality="Rio de Janeiro" name="Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro</location>
, at
<locationDeviation id="9A7E2F862A2DFFF5FCFCF3F548DBF331" box="[844,978,3191,3242]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">km 43</locationDeviation>
on the road from
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA8ACDE2A2DFFF5FE83F334497EF37D" box="[307,631,3254,3302]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Rio de Janeiro</collectingMunicipality>
to
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA8ACDE2A2DFFF5FD7FF33448BCF37D" box="[719,949,3254,3302]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Sao Paulo</collectingMunicipality>
;
<date id="FFCD10642A2DFFF5FC66F3344B94F2B8" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1972-12-15">
<collectingDate id="EF89E98C2A2DFFF5FC66F3344B94F2B8" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1972-12-15">15 Dec 1972</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="268653722A2DFFF5FF0CF36D4ADEF2B8" box="[188,471,3311,3363]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">E. Izecksohn</collectorName>
et al.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CF92A2DFFF5FDC2F36D4EEBF5CB" collectingDate="1988-02-23" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="R. M. C. Castro" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" location="Bertioga" municipality="Bertioga" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="USNM 297997" specimenCount="238" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-immature="214">
-
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDF2A2DFFF5FD11F36D48E3F2B8" box="[673,1002,3311,3363]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">USNM 297997</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A2DFFF5FBB9F36D4BB0F2FA" count="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A2DFFF5FF6BF2AD4AF4F2FA" box="[219,509,3375,3425]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.32" metricValueMax="2.56" metricValueMin="2.08" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="23.2" valueMax="25.6" valueMin="20.8">20.8-25.6 mm</quantity>
SL,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A2DFFF5FDC3F2AD48ECF2FA" box="[627,997,3375,3425]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">21 young males</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A2DFFF5FBBAF2AD4E70F600" box="[1034,1401,2412,3425]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" metricValueMax="1.88" metricValueMin="1.64" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="17.6" valueMax="18.8" valueMin="16.4">16.4- 18.8 mm</quantity>
SL,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A2DFFF5FA48F6EE4C36F600" box="[1528,1855,2412,2459]" count="214" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="immature">214 immature</specimenCount>
, 13.0-
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A2DFFF5F87CF6EE4385F600" box="[1996,2188,2412,2459]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.01" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="20.1">20.1 mm</quantity>
SL; unnamed clear water stream crossing road
<locationDeviation id="9A7E2F862A2DFFF5F7C5F62A43E3F641" box="[2165,2282,2472,2522]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">SP-98</locationDeviation>
at
<locationDeviation id="9A7E2F862A2DFFF5FB42F6604E77F583" box="[1266,1406,2530,2584]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">km 94</locationDeviation>
, northwest of
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA8ACDE2A2DFFF5F979F6604C8DF583" box="[1737,1924,2530,2584]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bertioga</collectingMunicipality>
;
<date id="FFCD10642A2DFFF5F82EF66043AFF583" box="[1950,2214,2530,2584]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1988-02-23">
<collectingDate id="EF89E98C2A2DFFF5F82EF66043AFF583" box="[1950,2214,2530,2584]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1988-02-23">23 Feb 1988</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="268653722A2DFFF5F771F6604ED0F5CB" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">R. M. C. Castro</collectorName>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF0C662C2A2DFFF5FF8EF7CC43E5F7E0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882074" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10882074" box="[62,2284,2126,2171]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10882074/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" startId="30.[62,127,2126,2171]" targetBox="[64,2287,266,1085]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A2DFFF5FF8EF7CC43E5F7E0" blockId="30.[62,2284,2126,2171]" box="[62,2284,2126,2171]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Fig. 34.
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A2DFFF5FF52F7D3498EF7E0" authority=", USNM" authorityName="USNM" box="[226,647,2129,2171]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2DFFF5FF52F7D34AE2F7E0" box="[226,491,2129,2171]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Spintherobolus</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2DFFF5FE4BF7D3498EF7E0" box="[507,647,2129,2171]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">broccae,</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
USNM 92959, paratype, adult male 20.3 mm SL, Brazil, vicinity of Rio de Janeiro.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0C662C2A2DFFF5FF8EF7014316F72B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882077" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10882077" box="[62,2079,2179,2225]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10882077/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" startId="30.[62,127,2179,2224]" targetBox="[86,2114,1210,2057]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A2DFFF5FF8EF7014316F72B" blockId="30.[62,2079,2179,2225]" box="[62,2079,2179,2225]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Fig. 35.
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A2DFFF5FF54F7044983F72B" authority=", USNM" authorityName="USNM" box="[228,650,2182,2224]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2DFFF5FF54F7044AE4F72B" box="[228,493,2182,2224]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Spintherobolus</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2DFFF5FE4FF7044983F72B" box="[511,650,2182,2224]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">broccae,</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
USNM 297997, adult female, SL uncertain, Brazil, S ã o Paulo, Bertioga.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C369652F2A2DFFF4FB0CF51548EEF82E" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A2DFFF4FB0CF51548F9FA0D" blockId="30.[1210,2282,2711,3426]" lastBlockId="31.[200,1010,1346,1973]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Diagnosis. This miniature species lacks infraor ­ bital bone 3. The other miniature species,
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A2DFFF5F7FEF5514E14F4DA" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ankoseion">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2DFFF5F7FEF551436DF49C" box="[2126,2148,2771,2823]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2DFFF5F730F5514E14F4DA" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">ankoseion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A2DFFF5FA21F48C4D62F4DA" box="[1425,1643,2830,2881]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoura">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2DFFF5FA21F48C4EAFF4DA" box="[1425,1446,2830,2881]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2DFFF5FA74F48C4D7BF4DA" box="[1476,1650,2830,2881]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">leptoura,</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as well as the non-miniature
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A2DFFF5FB0DF4C84EC7F4E5" box="[1213,1486,2890,2942]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papilliferus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2DFFF5FB0DF4C84FDBF4E5" box="[1213,1234,2890,2942]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2DFFF5FB5EF4C84EC7F4E5" box="[1262,1486,2890,2942]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">papilliferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have the third infraorbital bone well ossified and, in addition, have significantly lower anal-fin ray counts (
<figureCitation id="13482A212A2DFFF5F978F4474C5FF46C" box="[1736,1878,3013,3063]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[1373,1441,1205,1252]" captionTargetBox="[1374,2455,311,1138]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 20. Tukey box plots of the number of branched anal-fin rays in species of Spintherobolus. Visual comparison of these box plots shows that the anal-fin ray counts of S. papilliferus are obviously different from all other species. Also, although there is overlap, the counts of S. broccae are obviously significantly different from those of S. leptoura and S. ankoseion. However, there were no significant differences between the counts of S. leptoura and S. ankoseion when subject to a Mann-Whitney rank-sum test." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10882042/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
) and ventral procurrent caudal-fin ray counts (
<figureCitation id="13482A212A2DFFF5F8D0F47D4CE4F3AE" box="[1888,2029,3071,3125]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[83,131,1966,2001]" captionTargetBox="[83,892,1305,1932]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 23. Tukey box plots of the number of procurrent caudal-fin rays in species of Spintherobolus. Significant differences were not found between S. papilliferus and S. leptoura, between S. leptoura and S. ankoseion, and between S. papilliferus and S. ankoseion. However, significant differences using Mann-Whitney rank sumtests were found between S. papilliferus and S. broccae (T = 984, P &lt;0.001), between S. broccae and S. leptoura (T = 195, P = &lt;0.001), and between S. broccae and S. ankoseion (T = 604, P = &lt;0.001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10882054/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
). Although statistically significant, there is overlap in these counts (see counts given below), especially in the ventral procurrent caudal-fin ray count, and species determination using these counts must be made by examining population samples, not individual specimens. However, specimens bearing overlapping anal-fin ray counts are uncommon.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0C662C2A2CFFF4FF7DFF5B48B0FEB9" ID-Table-UUID="DF0C662C2A2CFFF4FF7DFF5B48B0FEB9" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0C662C2A2CFFF4FF7DFF5B48B0FEB9" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" startId="31.[205,289,217,252]" targetBox="[203,1867,348,1253]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="31">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A2CFFF4FF7DFF5B48B0FEB9" blockId="31.[205,1867,217,290]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Table 4.Morphometriesof
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2CFFF4FDC1FF5B48C1FF67" box="[625,968,217,252]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A2CFFF4FDC1FF5B48CBFF67" box="[625,962,217,252]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">Spintherobolus broccae</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Table includes measurementsofspecimens from USNM USNM 342062, USNM342064and MCP19196.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A2CFFF4FBE4FEDE4C49FB7E" blockId="31.[200,1867,334,1266]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<table id="F973C4042A2C0014FF7BFEDE4C42FB7E" box="[203,1867,348,1253]" gridcols="9" gridrows="21" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<tr id="354334E62A2C0014FF7BFEDE4C42FEE0" box="[203,1867,348,379]" gridrow="0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76925D9A2A2C0014FC72FEDE4E47FEE0" box="[962,1358,348,379]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">males</th>
<th id="76925D9A2A2C0014FA0AFEDE4C42FEE0" box="[1466,1867,348,379]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">females</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A2C0014FF7BFE114C42FE2D" box="[203,1867,403,438]" gridrow="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FC72FE1148EAFE2D" box="[962,995,403,438]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">n</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FBA5FE114F59FE2D" box="[1045,1104,403,438]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">low</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB3CFE114FC7FE2D" box="[1164,1230,403,438]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">high</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB4DFE114E47FE2D" box="[1277,1358,403,438]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">mean</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FA0AFE114ED4FE2D" box="[1466,1501,403,438]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">n</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F9AAFE114D5CFE2D" box="[1562,1621,403,438]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">low</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F920FE114DDBFE2D" box="[1680,1746,403,438]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">high</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F8B0FE114C42FE2D" box="[1792,1867,403,438]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">mean</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A2C0014FF7BFE524C42FE68" box="[203,1867,464,499]" gridrow="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<th id="76925D9A2A2C0014FF7BFE524967FE68" box="[203,622,464,499]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Standard length [mm]</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FC72FE5248EAFE68" box="[962,995,464,499]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">31</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FBA5FE524F59FE68" box="[1045,1104,464,499]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">17.1</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB3CFE524FC7FE68" box="[1164,1230,464,499]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">22.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB4DFE524E47FE68" box="[1277,1358,464,499]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">18.8</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FA0AFE524ED4FE68" box="[1466,1501,464,499]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">40</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F9AAFE524D5CFE68" box="[1562,1621,464,499]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">17.5</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F920FE524DDBFE68" box="[1680,1746,464,499]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">22.9</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F8B0FE524C42FE68" box="[1792,1867,464,499]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">19.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A2C0014FF7BFD894C42FDB7" box="[203,1867,523,556]" gridrow="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<th id="76925D9A2A2C0014FF7BFD894C42FDB7" box="[203,1867,523,556]" colspan="9" colspanRight="8" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Percentage of standard length</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A2C0014FF7BFDB04C42FDC8" box="[203,1867,562,595]" gridrow="4" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<th id="76925D9A2A2C0014FF7BFDB04967FDC8" box="[203,622,562,595]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Snout to anal-fin origin</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FC72FDB048EAFDC8" box="[962,995,562,595]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">31</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FBA5FDB04F59FDC8" box="[1045,1104,562,595]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">55.9</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB3CFDB04FC7FDC8" box="[1164,1230,562,595]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">61.5</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB4DFDB04E47FDC8" box="[1277,1358,562,595]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">59.7</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FA0AFDB04ED4FDC8" box="[1466,1501,562,595]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">40</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F9AAFDB04D5CFDC8" box="[1562,1621,562,595]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">57.8</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F920FDB04DDBFDC8" box="[1680,1746,562,595]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">63.9</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F8B0FDB04C42FDC8" box="[1792,1867,562,595]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">60.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A2C0014FF7BFDD84C42FDE0" box="[203,1867,602,635]" gridrow="5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<th id="76925D9A2A2C0014FF7BFDD84967FDE0" box="[203,622,602,635]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Snout to dorsal-fin origin</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FC72FDD848EAFDE0" box="[962,995,602,635]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">31</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FBA5FDD84F59FDE0" box="[1045,1104,602,635]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">51.3</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB3CFDD84FC7FDE0" box="[1164,1230,602,635]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">59.5</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB4DFDD84E47FDE0" box="[1277,1358,602,635]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">56.2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FA0AFDD84ED4FDE0" box="[1466,1501,602,635]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">40</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F9AAFDD84D5CFDE0" box="[1562,1621,602,635]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">52.6</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F920FDD84DDBFDE0" box="[1680,1746,602,635]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">60.6</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F8B0FDD84C42FDE0" box="[1792,1867,602,635]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">55.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A2C0014FF7BFD004C42FD3F" box="[203,1867,642,676]" gridrow="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<th id="76925D9A2A2C0014FF7BFD004967FD3F" box="[203,622,642,676]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Snout to pelvic-fin origin</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FC72FD0048EAFD3F" box="[962,995,642,676]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">31</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FBA5FD004F59FD3F" box="[1045,1104,642,676]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">36.2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB3CFD004FC7FD3F" box="[1164,1230,642,676]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">44.7</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB4DFD004E47FD3F" box="[1277,1358,642,676]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">42.2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FA0AFD004ED4FD3F" box="[1466,1501,642,676]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">40</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F9AAFD004D5CFD3F" box="[1562,1621,642,676]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">39.8</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F920FD004DDBFD3F" box="[1680,1746,642,676]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">44.7</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F8B0FD004C42FD3F" box="[1792,1867,642,676]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">42.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A2C0014FF7BFD2A4C42FD50" box="[203,1867,680,715]" gridrow="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<th id="76925D9A2A2C0014FF7BFD2A4967FD50" box="[203,622,680,715]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Dorsal-fin base length</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FC72FD2A48EAFD50" box="[962,995,680,715]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">31</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FBA5FD2A4F59FD50" box="[1045,1104,680,715]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">9.0</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB3CFD2A4FC7FD50" box="[1164,1230,680,715]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">14.0</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB4DFD2A4E47FD50" box="[1277,1358,680,715]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">10.8</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FA0AFD2A4ED4FD50" box="[1466,1501,680,715]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">40</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F9AAFD2A4D5CFD50" box="[1562,1621,680,715]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">9.1</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F920FD2A4DDBFD50" box="[1680,1746,680,715]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">12.0</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F8B0FD2A4C42FD50" box="[1792,1867,680,715]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">11.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A2C0014FF7BFD524C42FD68" box="[203,1867,720,755]" gridrow="8" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<th id="76925D9A2A2C0014FF7BFD524967FD68" box="[203,622,720,755]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Anal-fin base length</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FC72FD5248EAFD68" box="[962,995,720,755]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">31</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FBA5FD524F59FD68" box="[1045,1104,720,755]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">18.8</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB3CFD524FC7FD68" box="[1164,1230,720,755]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">26.7</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB4DFD524E47FD68" box="[1277,1358,720,755]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">23.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FA0AFD524ED4FD68" box="[1466,1501,720,755]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">40</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F9AAFD524D5CFD68" box="[1562,1621,720,755]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">19.9</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F920FD524DDBFD68" box="[1680,1746,720,755]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">26.5</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F8B0FD524C42FD68" box="[1792,1867,720,755]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">23.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A2C0014FF7BFD7A4C42FC87" box="[203,1867,760,796]" gridrow="9" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<th id="76925D9A2A2C0014FF7BFD7A4967FC87" box="[203,622,760,796]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Caudal peduncle length</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FC72FD7A48EAFC87" box="[962,995,760,796]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">31</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FBA5FD7A4F59FC87" box="[1045,1104,760,796]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">12.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB3CFD7A4FC7FC87" box="[1164,1230,760,796]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">19.1</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB4DFD7A4E47FC87" box="[1277,1358,760,796]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">15.7</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FA0AFD7A4ED4FC87" box="[1466,1501,760,796]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">40</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F9AAFD7A4D5CFC87" box="[1562,1621,760,796]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">13.1</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F920FD7A4DDBFC87" box="[1680,1746,760,796]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">17.7</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F8B0FD7A4C42FC87" box="[1792,1867,760,796]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">15.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A2C0014FF7BFCA34C42FCDF" box="[203,1867,801,836]" gridrow="10" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<th id="76925D9A2A2C0014FF7BFCA34967FCDF" box="[203,622,801,836]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Caudal peduncle depth</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FC72FCA348EAFCDF" box="[962,995,801,836]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">31</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FBA5FCA34F59FCDF" box="[1045,1104,801,836]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">12.6</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB3CFCA34FC7FCDF" box="[1164,1230,801,836]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">15.1</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB4DFCA34E47FCDF" box="[1277,1358,801,836]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">13.8</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FA0AFCA34ED4FCDF" box="[1466,1501,801,836]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">40</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F9AAFCA34D5CFCDF" box="[1562,1621,801,836]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">11.2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F920FCA34DDBFCDF" box="[1680,1746,801,836]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">14.9</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F8B0FCA34C42FCDF" box="[1792,1867,801,836]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">13.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A2C0014FF7BFCCB4C42FCF6" box="[203,1867,841,877]" gridrow="11" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<th id="76925D9A2A2C0014FF7BFCCB4967FCF6" box="[203,622,841,877]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Depth at dorsal-fin origin</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FC72FCCB48EAFCF6" box="[962,995,841,877]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">31</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FBA5FCCB4F59FCF6" box="[1045,1104,841,877]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">29.2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB3CFCCB4FC7FCF6" box="[1164,1230,841,877]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">32.8</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB4DFCCB4E47FCF6" box="[1277,1358,841,877]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">30.5</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FA0AFCCB4ED4FCF6" box="[1466,1501,841,877]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">40</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F9AAFCCB4D5CFCF6" box="[1562,1621,841,877]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">28.1</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F920FCCB4DDBFCF6" box="[1680,1746,841,877]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">35.1</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F8B0FCCB4C42FCF6" box="[1792,1867,841,877]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">30.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A2C0014FF7BFCF04C42FC0E" box="[203,1867,882,917]" gridrow="12" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<th id="76925D9A2A2C0014FF7BFCF04967FC0E" box="[203,622,882,917]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Dorsal-fin length</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FC72FCF048EAFC0E" box="[962,995,882,917]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">31</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FBA5FCF04F59FC0E" box="[1045,1104,882,917]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">22.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB3CFCF04FC7FC0E" box="[1164,1230,882,917]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">29.9</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB4DFCF04E47FC0E" box="[1277,1358,882,917]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">26.9</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FA0AFCF04ED4FC0E" box="[1466,1501,882,917]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">39</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F9AAFCF04D5CFC0E" box="[1562,1621,882,917]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">22.1</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F920FCF04DDBFC0E" box="[1680,1746,882,917]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">30.3</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F8B0FCF04C42FC0E" box="[1792,1867,882,917]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">26.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A2C0014FF7BFC184C42FC26" box="[203,1867,922,957]" gridrow="13" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<th id="76925D9A2A2C0014FF7BFC184967FC26" box="[203,622,922,957]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pelvic-fin length</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FC72FC1848EAFC26" box="[962,995,922,957]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">31</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FBA5FC184F59FC26" box="[1045,1104,922,957]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">16.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB3CFC184FC7FC26" box="[1164,1230,922,957]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">20.7</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB4DFC184E47FC26" box="[1277,1358,922,957]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">18.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FA0AFC184ED4FC26" box="[1466,1501,922,957]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">38</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F9AAFC184D5CFC26" box="[1562,1621,922,957]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">13.5</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F920FC184DDBFC26" box="[1680,1746,922,957]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">19.5</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F8B0FC184C42FC26" box="[1792,1867,922,957]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">16.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A2C0014FF7BFC404C42FC7E" box="[203,1867,962,997]" gridrow="14" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<th id="76925D9A2A2C0014FF7BFC404967FC7E" box="[203,622,962,997]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pectoral-fin length</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FC72FC4048EAFC7E" box="[962,995,962,997]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">29</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FBA5FC404F59FC7E" box="[1045,1104,962,997]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">15.2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB3CFC404FC7FC7E" box="[1164,1230,962,997]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">18.7</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB4DFC404E47FC7E" box="[1277,1358,962,997]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">16.9</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FA0AFC404ED4FC7E" box="[1466,1501,962,997]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">38</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F9AAFC404D5CFC7E" box="[1562,1621,962,997]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">12.9</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F920FC404DDBFC7E" box="[1680,1746,962,997]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">18.3</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F8B0FC404C42FC7E" box="[1792,1867,962,997]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">15.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A2C0014FF7BFC684C42FB95" box="[203,1867,1002,1038]" gridrow="15" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<th id="76925D9A2A2C0014FF7BFC684967FB95" box="[203,622,1002,1038]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Bony head length</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FC72FC6848EAFB95" box="[962,995,1002,1038]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">31</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FBA5FC684F59FB95" box="[1045,1104,1002,1038]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">25.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB3CFC684FC7FB95" box="[1164,1230,1002,1038]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">30.4</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB4DFC684E47FB95" box="[1277,1358,1002,1038]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">28.6</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FA0AFC684ED4FB95" box="[1466,1501,1002,1038]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">38</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F9AAFC684D5CFB95" box="[1562,1621,1002,1038]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">25.6</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F920FC684DDBFB95" box="[1680,1746,1002,1038]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">30.3</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F8B0FC684C42FB95" box="[1792,1867,1002,1038]" gridcol="8" gridrow="15" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">28.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A2C0014FF7BFBA64C42FBDE" box="[203,1867,1060,1093]" gridrow="16" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<th id="76925D9A2A2C0014FF7BFBA64C42FBDE" box="[203,1867,1060,1093]" colspan="9" colspanRight="8" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Percentage of head length</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A2C0014FF7BFBC94C42FBF5" box="[203,1867,1099,1134]" gridrow="17" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<th id="76925D9A2A2C0014FF7BFBC94967FBF5" box="[203,622,1099,1134]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Snout length</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FC72FBC948EAFBF5" box="[962,995,1099,1134]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">31</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FBA5FBC94F59FBF5" box="[1045,1104,1099,1134]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">17.0</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB3CFBC94FC7FBF5" box="[1164,1230,1099,1134]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">23.6</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB4DFBC94E47FBF5" box="[1277,1358,1099,1134]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">20.3</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FA0AFBC94ED4FBF5" box="[1466,1501,1099,1134]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">39</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F9AAFBC94D5CFBF5" box="[1562,1621,1099,1134]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">17.6</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F920FBC94DDBFBF5" box="[1680,1746,1099,1134]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">21.8</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F8B0FBC94C42FBF5" box="[1792,1867,1099,1134]" gridcol="8" gridrow="17" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">19.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A2C0014FF7BFBF14C42FB0D" box="[203,1867,1139,1174]" gridrow="18" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<th id="76925D9A2A2C0014FF7BFBF14967FB0D" box="[203,622,1139,1174]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Upper jaw length</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FC72FBF148EAFB0D" box="[962,995,1139,1174]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">31</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FBA5FBF14F59FB0D" box="[1045,1104,1139,1174]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">17.3</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB3CFBF14FC7FB0D" box="[1164,1230,1139,1174]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">23.6</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB4DFBF14E47FB0D" box="[1277,1358,1139,1174]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">21.0</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FA0AFBF14ED4FB0D" box="[1466,1501,1139,1174]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">39</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F9AAFBF14D5CFB0D" box="[1562,1621,1139,1174]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">17.2</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F920FBF14DDBFB0D" box="[1680,1746,1139,1174]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">25.0</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F8B0FBF14C42FB0D" box="[1792,1867,1139,1174]" gridcol="8" gridrow="18" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">21.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A2C0014FF7BFB1E4C42FB25" box="[203,1867,1180,1214]" gridrow="19" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<th id="76925D9A2A2C0014FF7BFB1E4967FB25" box="[203,622,1180,1214]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Horizontal eye diameter</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FC72FB1E48EAFB25" box="[962,995,1180,1214]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">31</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FBA5FB1E4F59FB25" box="[1045,1104,1180,1214]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">26.3</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB3CFB1E4FC7FB25" box="[1164,1230,1180,1214]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">32.7</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB4DFB1E4E47FB25" box="[1277,1358,1180,1214]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">29.1</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FA0AFB1E4ED4FB25" box="[1466,1501,1180,1214]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">33</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F9AAFB1E4D5CFB25" box="[1562,1621,1180,1214]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">24.5</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F920FB1E4DDBFB25" box="[1680,1746,1180,1214]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">32.1</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F8B0FB1E4C42FB25" box="[1792,1867,1180,1214]" gridcol="8" gridrow="19" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">28.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334E62A2C0014FF7BFB414C42FB7E" box="[203,1867,1219,1253]" gridrow="20" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<th id="76925D9A2A2C0014FF7BFB414967FB7E" box="[203,622,1219,1253]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Least interorbital width</th>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FC72FB4148EAFB7E" box="[962,995,1219,1253]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">31</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FBA5FB414F59FB7E" box="[1045,1104,1219,1253]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">26.8</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB3CFB414FC7FB7E" box="[1164,1230,1219,1253]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">34.6</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FB4DFB414E47FB7E" box="[1277,1358,1219,1253]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">29.7</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014FA0AFB414ED4FB7E" box="[1466,1501,1219,1253]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">33</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F9AAFB414D5CFB7E" box="[1562,1621,1219,1253]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">25.0</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F920FB414DDBFB7E" box="[1680,1746,1219,1253]" gridcol="7" gridrow="20" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">30.8</td>
<td id="76925D9A2A2C0014F8B0FB414C42FB7E" box="[1792,1867,1219,1253]" gridcol="8" gridrow="20" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">28.1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A2CFFF4FEB6FA1E4ABCF9D0" blockId="31.[200,1010,1346,1973]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
(18, state 2) Infraorbital 3 absent. This is an autapomorphy for
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2CFFF4FDBCFA4B49AEFA6A" box="[524,679,1481,1521]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A2CFFF4FDBCFA4B49AAFA6A" box="[524,675,1481,1521]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">S. broccae</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
See apomorphy 18 for a discussion of infraorbital loss in species of
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2CFFF4FF7BF9A44ABCF9D0" box="[203,437,1574,1611]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A2CFFF4FF7BF9A44AA5F9D0" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" box="[203,428,1574,1611]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Spintherobolus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A2CFFF4FEB4F9D248EEF82E" blockId="31.[200,1010,1346,1973]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
The anal-fin ray count for
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A2CFFF4FD79F9D24855F9E3" box="[713,860,1616,1656]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2CFFF4FD79F9D24855F9E3" box="[713,860,1616,1656]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. broccae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 13-16, x = 14.1 versus 11 -14, 12.6 for both
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A2CFFF4FC88F9FC48E6F93F" box="[824,1007,1662,1700]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ankoseion">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2CFFF4FC88F9FC48E6F93F" box="[824,1007,1662,1700]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. ankoseion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2CFFF4FEA2F9284AB5F949" box="[274,444,1706,1746]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A2CFFF4FEA2F9284ABEF949" box="[274,439,1706,1746]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoura">S. leptoura</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The ventral procurrent caudal-fin ray count for
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A2CFFF4FE03F958494CF89B" box="[435,581,1754,1792]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2CFFF4FE03F9584AC5F89B" box="[435,460,1754,1792]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2CFFF4FE69F958494CF89B" box="[473,581,1754,1792]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">broccae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 14-17, x = 15.4, versus 12-16, x = 14.0 for
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A2CFFF4FE46F88549A7F8B0" box="[502,686,1799,1835]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ankoseion">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2CFFF4FE46F8854919F8B0" box="[502,528,1799,1835]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2CFFF4FDADF88549A7F8B0" box="[541,686,1799,1835]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">ankoseion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 13-15, x = 14.1 for
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A2CFFF4FEB9F8B14AA7F8C0" box="[265,430,1843,1883]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoura">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2CFFF4FEB9F8B14A2BF8C0" box="[265,290,1843,1883]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2CFFF4FE80F8B14ABAF8C0" box="[304,435,1843,1883]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">leptoura.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
These relatively high counts for
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A2CFFF4FF7AF8E34A52F813" box="[202,347,1889,1928]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2CFFF4FF7AF8E34A52F813" box="[202,347,1889,1928]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. broccae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
relative to all other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A2CFFF4FCC2F8E34A3AF82E" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2CFFF4FCC2F8E348F9F813" box="[882,1008,1889,1928]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A2CFFF4FF79F80C4A3AF82E" box="[201,307,1934,1973]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Spintherobolus</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears autapomorphic for this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652F2A2CFFCAFF79F86A4FBFFD21" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A2CFFF4FF79F86A4DE7F9D7" blockId="31.[198,1008,2024,2603]" lastBlockId="31.[1064,1867,1344,2605]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Description. Morphometric data are summarized in
<tableCitation id="C6F1031F2A2CFFF4FEEAF7944ADCF7A7" box="[346,469,2070,2108]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="31.[205,289,217,252]" captionTargetBox="[203,1867,348,1253]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Table 4.MorphometriesofSpintherobolusbroccae.Tableincludes measurementsofspecimens from USNM USNM 342062, USNM342064andMCP19196." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0C662C2A2CFFF4FF7DFF5B48B0FEB9" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" tableUuid="DF0C662C2A2CFFF4FF7DFF5B48B0FEB9">Table 4</tableCitation>
. Body compressed, moderately elongate. Predorsal body profile slightly convex. Body profile along dorsal-fin base posteroventrally inclined, becoming straight or slightly convex between dorsal and caudal fins in females and nearly straight to slightly convex in males. Ventral profile convex from anterior tip of mandible to pelvic-fin origin. Belly profile slightly convex between pelvic-fin and anal-fin origin in females, slightly concave in males. Body profile along anal-fin base concave in females; slightly convex at anterior anal-fin lobe of males and concave along posterior short finned section Ventral profile of caudal peduncle concave i females. Keel formedby prominent ventral pro current caudal-fin rays of males makes ventra profile of caudal peduncle nearly straight bu inclined ventrally in a posterior direction.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A2CFFF4FBD7F9D34EA7F89B" blockId="31.[1064,1867,1344,2605]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Snout short, shorter than eye diameter. Moutl terminal, gape angled posteroventrally; maxil short, not reaching line drawn vertically throug anterior margin of eye.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A2CFFF4FBD6F8854C4CF8C1" blockId="31.[1064,1867,1344,2605]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Dorsal-fin rays, ii,8-9 (x = 8.9, n = 28). Dorsal fin origin behind midbody. Adipose fin absent</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A2CFFCBFBD6F8E24AFDFCF0" blockId="31.[1064,1867,1344,2605]" lastBlockId="32.[57,867,203,2591]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Anal-fin rays iii-iv,13-16 (unbranched rays x 3.1, n = 88; branched rays x = 14.1, n = 90) Anterior lobe of anal fin of males rounded, long er than posterior lobe, concave. Anal fin in fe males deeply concave, decreasing in size from posterior unbranched ray to sixth branched ray following rays all of equal size. Anal-fin origin a vertical line drawn through origin of most poste rior dorsal-fin ray in females and at vertical line drawn through middle of dorsal-fin base in males Hooks in anal-fin rays rare among examine males. When present, hooks much reduced in size, found on posterior face of two to six bon segments of posterior branch of first and some times second branched rays. When present, each ray segment bears two to three hooks on each side. Anal-fin rays one through five in males large, second to fourth branched rays more than five times thicker in sagittal dimension than following rays. These large rays with a process on anteroproximal face of each lepidotrich, these being projections of rays two through four, each inserted between lepidotrichia of next anterior ray. Each bony ray segment of posterior branch of branched rays two through four and sometimes also the first and fifth rays, not relatively square like other branches of same ray, but with their posteroventral angle acute and elongate, angled towards distal tip of that fin ray. Segments ofbranched fin rays two and four progressively fused to each other.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A13FFCBFFC4FCF04A76FA11" blockId="32.[57,867,203,2591]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Pectoral-fin rays i,8-10 (x = 8.6, n = 36). Posterior tip of longest pectoral-fin rays extending beyond pelvic-fin origin in both males and females. Pelvic-fin rays i,
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all counted specimens (n = 36). Tip of largest ray reaching to or beyond anal-fin origin of males, but not reaching that fin in females. Pelvic-fin rays of males with hooks on unbranched ray and 2 or 3 branched rays, 2 each bone segment. Hooks on ventromedial face and along all length of unbranched to second branched ray and along half length of third branched ray.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A13FFCBFFC4FA134AD0F712" blockId="32.[57,867,203,2591]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Principal caudal-fin rays count usually 10/ 9 (
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A13FFCBFFF6FA3C4A2CFA7F" box="[70,293,1470,1508]" count="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
10 / 10 and
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A13FFCBFE5BFA3C49C7FA7F" box="[491,718,1470,1508]" count="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
9 / 9, n = 85). Dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays 9-13 (x = 11.0, n = 86). Ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays 14-17 (x = 15.4, n = 89). Ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males large, well-developed, with their proximal tips fused, slab shaped and expanded in sagittal plane. Four to five most posterior caudal vertebrae (including posterior ‘half centrum’) supporting principal caudal-fin rays and procurrent rays, with enlarged and modified hemal spines. Those elements anterior to the hemal spine of antepenultimate vertebra fused to each other and with lateral bony projections between muscles and skin. Anteriormost ventral caudal procurrent rays with proximal tips absent or abbreviated in length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A13FFCBFFC4F70C4A87F584" blockId="32.[57,867,203,2591]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Scales cycloid. Lateral line with 2-4 perforated scales (x = 3.4, n = 34). Scales in a lateral series, 31 -33 (x = 31.8, n = 23). Scale rows between dor ­ sal-fin origin and lateral-line series, 4-6 (x = 5.0, n = 31), and between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin, 4-5 (x = 4.7, n = 31). Scale rows around caudal peduncle,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A13FFCBFEEDF6234AA3F65D" box="[349,426,2465,2502]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="in" value="14.0">14 in</quantity>
all specimens (n = 31). No modified scales on caudal fin. Scale sheath along anal-fin base absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A13FFCBFC68FF484F92FD9B" blockId="32.[924,1727,202,647]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Teeth. All jaw teeth with a basal pedicle and laterally expanded conical distal tip. Anterior ­ most dentary teeth tricuspid followed lateroposteriorly by conical teeth. Premaxillary and max ­ illary teeth conical. Premaxillary teeth 5-7, maxillary teeth 5-8 and dentary teeth
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A13FFCBF9A4FE2E4D79FE4F" box="[1556,1648,428,468]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.651" metricValueMax="2.032" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="in" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5-8 in</quantity>
four c&amp;s specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A13FFCBFC68FD844DB7FD1C" blockId="32.[924,1727,202,647]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Vertebrae 32-34 (x = 33.0, n = 88). Branchiostegal rays
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A13FFCBFBC0FDB74FA7FDC1" box="[1136,1198,565,602]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
four cleared and stained specimens, with same attachments as in
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A13FFCBFA5AFDE24DBCFD1C" box="[1514,1717,608,647]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papilliferus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A13FFCBFA5AFDE24EF2FD1C" box="[1514,1531,608,647]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A13FFCBF9BFFDE24DB7FD1C" box="[1551,1726,608,647]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">papilliferus.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A13FFCBFC2CFD384FB5FAC0" blockId="32.[923,1728,698,2592]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Color in alcohol. See
<figureCitation id="13482A212A13FFCBFAA2FD384E95FD7A" box="[1298,1436,698,737]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[73,121,928,961]" captionTargetBox="[70,1746,205,877]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Spintherobolus broccae, USNM 287324, adult male, 18.2 mm SL, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10881997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10881997/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figure 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13482A212A13FFCBFA01FD384D0CFD7A" box="[1457,1541,698,737]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="29.[247,314,2145,2192]" captionStartId-1="29.[248,315,2199,2247]" captionTargetBox-0="[247,2485,289,1194]" captionTargetBox-1="[246,2483,1212,2098]" captionTargetPageId-0="29" captionTargetPageId-1="29" captionText-0="Fig. 32. Spintherobolus broccae, USNM 287324, adult male 18.9 mm SL, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Cachoeira de Macacu. " captionText-1="Fig. 33. Spintherobolus broccae, USNM 287324, adult female 20.8 mm SL, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Cachoeira de Macacu." figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882072" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10882072/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">32-33</figureCitation>
for the approximately equivalent preserved color patterns of adult males and females. A discrete lateral body stripe extends from just dorsal to the dorsalmost part of the gill opening to the caudal peduncle where it continues onto the caudal fin as a very solid dark wedge with its apex covering the two middle caudal-fin rays. In the photographs of a male and female, there appears to be a dark humeral spot just posterior to the more dorsal region of the opercular flap. This is not a humeral spot. Instead it is the area of the anterior and posterior pseudotympanums and the black pigment coating the swimbladder is visible through the skin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A13FFCBFC67FAE04EEEF8BB" blockId="32.[923,1728,698,2592]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">The scale borders are covered by a single row of dark chromatophores above the lateral stripe, giving the dorsal part of the body a reticulate pattern. The abdomen and sides ventral to the lateral stripe is pale cream color or yellowish (the color of preserved muscle tissue) and the scale borders are devoid of dark chromatophores. The posterior termination ofthe caudal peduncle, both dorsal and ventral to the lateral stripe, is white, without dark pigment of any kind.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A13FFCAFC67F8A748D2FE40" blockId="32.[923,1728,698,2592]" lastBlockId="33.[179,991,209,1241]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">The pectoral and pelvic fins of both sexes are hyaline with a few scattered dark chromatophores, especially on the anterior undivided ray of both fins. The dorsal fin is mostly hyaline except for its anterior dorsal border where the anterior undivided rays and the first branched ray have numerous dark chromatophores. The rays posterior to these dark rays progressively lose the dark chromatophores except distally where the posterior tip of the second and often the third branched rays have many dark chromatophores. The caudal fin is hyaline with a thin scattering of small dark chromatophores over the rays and membranes, especially those of the dorsal parts of the dorsal lobe of the male. The anterior base of the anal-fin is the origin of a second dark, relatively broad stripe which covers the muscular anterior base of the fin and extends posteriorly to almost completely cover the short anal-fin rays that follow the large, elongate, anterior anal-fin lobe. The anterior lobe of the fin, distal to its muscular base, is hyaline except for the distal tip of the first branched ray.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A12FFCAFF5FFE634812FB42" blockId="33.[179,991,209,1241]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
The head is pale brown around the mouth with a scattering of dark chromatophores over the ventral surface of the snout, jaws, and oper ­ cular region. In the photographs (
<figureCitation id="13482A212A12FFCAFD4FFDEA4863FD0B" box="[767,874,616,656]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[73,121,928,961]" captionTargetBox="[70,1746,205,877]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Spintherobolus broccae, USNM 287324, adult male, 18.2 mm SL, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10881997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10881997/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13482A212A12FFCAFC32FDEA489FFD0B" box="[898,918,616,656]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[70,119,841,876]" captionTargetBox="[68,882,219,802]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Spintherobolus broccae, USNM 287324, adult male, 17.9 mm SL. Head and anterior body region, right side. Two pseudotympanums, black areas are located posterior to the dorsal portion of the opercular opening. The posterior pseudotympanum is homologous with the single pseudotympanum of other Cheirodontines while the anterior pseudotympanum is found only in Spintherobolus. The small dark dots arranged in rows arer the neuromast pattern over the face and opercular region. In the region ventral to the pectoral fin a few neuromasts can be seen partly bordering the scales. Such neuromasts are also present in the dorsal or back region. However, these are sometimes hard to distinguish from the somewhat larger dark chromatophores that often have somewhat indistinct borders. The rows of neuromasts are especially clear in the infraorbital region and on the dentary." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10882001/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13482A212A12FFCAFC1EFDEA4BDEFD27" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="29.[247,314,2145,2192]" captionStartId-1="29.[248,315,2199,2247]" captionTargetBox-0="[247,2485,289,1194]" captionTargetBox-1="[246,2483,1212,2098]" captionTargetPageId-0="29" captionTargetPageId-1="29" captionText-0="Fig. 32. Spintherobolus broccae, USNM 287324, adult male 18.9 mm SL, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Cachoeira de Macacu. " captionText-1="Fig. 33. Spintherobolus broccae, USNM 287324, adult female 20.8 mm SL, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Cachoeira de Macacu." figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882072" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10882072/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">32- 33</figureCitation>
), the snout region, especially the ventral part of the jaws, is overexposed and the dark chromatophores do not show. The dorsal surface of the snout and the area between the eyes are pale brown, while the dorsum of the cranium and the nape are dark brown. The head area posterior to the eye and extending ventrally from the parietal region to the preopercle and branchiostegal rays is white. The circumorbital region ventral to the eye is dark, with a series of dark chromatophores, giving the impression of a spot ventral to the eye. The opercular region is dark dorsally and pale brown to white below in both sexes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A12FFCAFF04FA8C48C9F68E" blockId="33.[176,988,1294,2325]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Color in life. See
<figureCitation id="13482A212A12FFCAFE42FA8C499BFAAE" box="[498,658,1294,1333]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[62,127,2179,2224]" captionTargetBox="[86,2114,1210,2057]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 35. Spintherobolus broccae, USNM 297997, adult female, SL uncertain, Brazil, São Paulo, Bertioga." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10882077/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 35</figureCitation>
of a female, taken immediately after capture, from near Bertioga, São Paulo. Life colors are very much like those in preservative except that the dark stripes are black, the abdominal region bluish white and the two white spots at the posterior termination of the caudal peduncle are yellowish to white. The body is translucent greenish yellow. The black chromatophores anterior, dorsal and posterior to the pseudotympanums are expanded and the area they occupy is black; those posterior to this are somewhat contracted and the lateral stripe remains less dense until approximately the anterior end of the caudal peduncle where the black chromatophores are again expanded and the stripe appears black. The black spot ventral to the eye is quite dark with expanded black chromatophores. The premaxilla and maxilla are black. The dentary is white except for scattered black chromatophores in its anterior region. The relatively hyaline regions of the caudal fins are pale reddish and a bit of this color also occurs on the anterior two branched rays of the anal fin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A12FFCAFF02F6C94FBFFD21" blockId="33.[176,985,2379,2597]" lastBlockId="33.[1045,1858,210,698]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Sexual dimorphism. Males and females can be recognized externally by the anal fin-shape; compare
<figureCitation id="13482A212A12FFCAFEB9F6264AB1F650" box="[265,440,2468,2507]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[247,314,2145,2192]" captionTargetBox="[247,2485,289,1194]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 32. Spintherobolus broccae, USNM 287324, adult male 18.9 mm SL, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Cachoeira de Macacu. Fig. 33. Spintherobolus broccae, USNM 287324, adult female 20.8 mm SL, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Cachoeira de Macacu." pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figures 32</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="13482A212A12FFCAFDA8F6264935F650" box="[536,572,2468,2507]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[248,315,2199,2247]" captionTargetBox="[246,2483,1212,2098]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 33. Spintherobolus broccae, USNM 287324, adult female 20.8 mm SL, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Cachoeira de Macacu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10882072/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">33</figureCitation>
. The anal fin of the females is deeply concave and divided into a prominent anterior lobe that has a rather straight posterodistal border and a narrow posterior lobe made up of relatively short fin rays. The anal fin of males is very similar except the anterior lobe has a rounded or circular posterior border. Not all males have hooks on the anal fin but all of them have hooks on the pelvic-fin rays and anal-fin rays one through five enlarged. Males have a keel in the ventral profile of the caudal peduncle. This is formed by the ventral procurrent fin rays. The ventral procurrent rays of female are unmodified.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652F2A12FFC9FBA6FD724A2AF641" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A12FFCAFBA6FD724E91F8BD" blockId="33.[1040,1856,752,2598]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Discussion.
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A12FFCAFB42FD724D43FC8E" box="[1266,1610,752,789]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A12FFCAFB42FD724D43FC8E" box="[1266,1610,752,789]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Spintherobolus broccae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described as a new species by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B552A12FFCAFAECFC9F4D7BFCDF" author="Myers, G. S." box="[1372,1650,797,836]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="143 - 144" refId="ref30041" refString="Myers, G. S. 1925. Description of a new cheirodontine characin from Rio de Janeiro. Ann. Carnegie Mus., 16: 143 - 144." type="journal article" year="1925">Myers (1925: 143)</bibRefCitation>
from aquar ­ ium specimens and the species was previously misidentified as
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A12FFCAFA8BFCFA4F63FC57" authority="Ellis (1911: 1950)" authorityName="Ellis (1911:" authorityPageNumber="1950" authorityYear="1950" family="Characidae" genus="Hasemania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilineata">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A12FFCAFA8BFCFA4EE8FC06" box="[1339,1505,888,925]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Hasemania</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A12FFCAFA45FCFA4D7AFC06" box="[1525,1651,888,925]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">bilineata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B552A12FFCAF938FCFA4F63FC57" author="Ellis, M. D." pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="148 - 163" refId="ref29168" refString="Ellis, M. D. 1911. On the species of Hasemania, Hyphessobrycon, and Hemmigrammus collected by J. D. Haseman for the Carnegie Museum. Ann. Carnegie Mus., 8: 148 - 163, pls 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1911">Ellis (1911: 1950)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B552A12FFCAFB1FFC264EFAFC57" author="Rachow, A." box="[1199,1523,932,972]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref30436" refString="Rachow, A. 1924. Hasemania bilineata. Wochenschrift f u r Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde, Braunschweig, 18: 601 [Not seen; based on Rachow, 1943: 798]." type="journal volume" year="1924">Rachow (1924: 601)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B552A12FFCAF9BAFC264DF6FC57" author="Meinken, H." box="[1546,1791,932,972]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="19 - 21" refId="ref29981" refString="Meinken, H. 1929 a. Spintherobolus broccae Myers. Blatter fur Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde, 40: 19 - 21." type="journal article" year="1929">Meinken (1929</bibRefCitation>
a-b) provided the history of the species discovery and importation.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B552A12FFCAFB5CFB834D0EFBBD" author="Myers, G. S." box="[1260,1543,1025,1062]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="143 - 144" refId="ref30041" refString="Myers, G. S. 1925. Description of a new cheirodontine characin from Rio de Janeiro. Ann. Carnegie Mus., 16: 143 - 144." type="journal article" year="1925">Myers (1925: 144)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A12FFCAF97FFB834F48FBC8" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A12FFCAF97FFB834C3DFBBD" box="[1743,1844,1025,1062]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
S.
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A12FFCAFBA4FBAC4F48FBC8" box="[1044,1089,1070,1107]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">broccae</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A12FFCAFB25FBAC4DE7FBC8" authority="Regan (1907: 262)" authorityName="Regan" authorityPageNumber="262" authorityYear="1907" box="[1173,1774,1070,1107]" family="Characidae" genus="Phoxinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="typicus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A12FFCAFB25FBAC4ECAFBC8" box="[1173,1475,1070,1107]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Phoxinopsis typicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B552A12FFCAFA60FBAC4DE7FBC8" author="Regan, C. T." box="[1488,1774,1070,1107]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="261 - 263" refId="ref30517" refString="Regan, C. T. 1907. Descriptions of two new characinid fishes from Argentina. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, 19: 261 - 263." type="journal article" year="1907">Regan (1907: 262)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
possibly generically the same and
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B552A12FFCAF9ACFBD54C36FB1A" author="Myers, G. S." box="[1564,1855,1111,1153]" editor="W. T. Innes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="264 - 283" refId="ref30072" refString="- 1926. Alphabetical list of aquarium fishes, their breeding habits, care etc. Pp. 264 - 283 in W. T. Innes, Goldfish varieties and tropical aquarium fishes. 9 th edition. Innes, Philadelphia [not seen; reference from Rachow, 1943: 798 and authorship confirmed by Myers, 1970: 25. We examined this list, unaltered, in Innes, 1931: 286 - 296]." title="Alphabetical list of aquarium fishes, their breeding habits, care etc." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Goldfish varieties and tropical aquarium fishes. 9 th edition. Innes, Philadelphia [not seen; reference from Rachow, 1943: 798 and authorship confirmed by Myers, 1970: 25. We examined this list, unaltered, in Innes, 1931" year="1926">Myers (1926: 273)</bibRefCitation>
was apparently convinced of this for, he listed the species as
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A12FFCAFAB4FB304E93FB41" box="[1284,1434,1202,1242]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A12FFCAFAB4FB304E93FB41" box="[1284,1434,1202,1242]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">P. broccae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in his list of tropical fish names published by Innes. However, he had not seen Regan’s
<typeStatus id="54C888062A12FFCAFAB1FA8C4E41FAAE" box="[1281,1352,1294,1333]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A12FFCAFA37FA8C4D14FAAE" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1907" box="[1415,1565,1294,1333]" family="Characidae" genus="Phoxinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="typicus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A12FFCAFA37FA8C4D14FAAE" box="[1415,1565,1294,1333]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">P. typicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the illustrations of the two species,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B552A12FFCAFA76FAB94DF9FAF9" author="Regan, C. T." box="[1478,1776,1339,1378]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="261 - 263" refId="ref30517" refString="Regan, C. T. 1907. Descriptions of two new characinid fishes from Argentina. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, 19: 261 - 263." type="journal article" year="1907">Regan (1907: 262)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B552A12FFCAFBA4FAE54E2EFA0B" author="Myers, G. S." box="[1044,1319,1383,1424]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="143 - 144" refId="ref30041" refString="Myers, G. S. 1925. Description of a new cheirodontine characin from Rio de Janeiro. Ann. Carnegie Mus., 16: 143 - 144." type="journal article" year="1925">Myers (1925: 144</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 10), although not exactly the same, look similar enough so that the distinctness of the species was justifiably questionable, especially since Regan ’ s drawing was a hasty sketch. It wasn’t until
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B552A12FFCAFA2BF99E4DB1F9D8" author="Innes" box="[1435,1720,1564,1603]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref29579" refString="- 1935. Exotic aquarium fishes. Innes, Philadelphia, 463 pp." type="book" year="1935">Innes (1935: 130)</bibRefCitation>
, on the advice of G. S. Myers, listed the species as
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A12FFCAFBA4F9F44FBBF905" box="[1044,1202,1654,1694]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A12FFCAFBA4F9F44FA4F905" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1907" box="[1044,1197,1654,1694]" family="Characidae" genus="Phoxinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="typicus">P. typicus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
that
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A12FFCAFABEF9F44EA9F905" box="[1294,1440,1654,1694]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A12FFCAFABEF9F44E2FF905" box="[1294,1318,1654,1694]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">S.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A12FFCAFA84F9F44EA9F905" box="[1332,1440,1654,1694]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">broccae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
came to be considered a junior synonym of
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A12FFCAFAD7F9264D0FF950" box="[1383,1542,1700,1739]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A12FFCAFAD7F9264EF7F950" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1907" box="[1383,1534,1700,1739]" family="Characidae" genus="Phoxinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="typicus">P. typicus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Nearly all subsequent aquarium fish literature considered the species to be
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A12FFCAFB4AF8824E99F8BD" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1907" box="[1274,1424,1792,1830]" family="Characidae" genus="Phoxinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="typicus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A12FFCAFB4AF8824E1FF8BD" box="[1274,1302,1792,1830]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">P.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A12FFCAFA95F8824E91F8BD" box="[1317,1432,1792,1830]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">typicus.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A12FFC9FBFEF8AE4925FE71" blockId="33.[1040,1856,752,2598]" lastBlockId="34.[64,877,225,2522]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B552A12FFCAFBFEF8AE4EBAF8CF" author="Travassos, H." box="[1102,1459,1836,1876]" journalOrPublisher="An. Acad. Bras. Ci e nc." pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="505 - 517" part="25" refId="ref30826" refString="- 1953. Fauna do Distrito Federal. III. S o bre o g e nero &quot; Spintherobolus &quot; Eigenmann, 1911 (Cypriniformes- Characoidei). An. Acad. Bras. Ci e nc., 25: 505 - 517." title="Fauna do Distrito Federal. III. S o bre o g e nero &quot; Spintherobolus &quot; Eigenmann, 1911 (Cypriniformes- Characoidei)" type="journal article" year="1953">Travassos (1953: 512)</bibRefCitation>
recognized the species as
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A12FFCAFBF2F8DA4FD4F81A" box="[1090,1245,1880,1921]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A12FFCAFBF2F8DA4FDCF81A" box="[1090,1237,1880,1921]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">S. broccae</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B552A12FFCAFB5CF8DA4D31F81A" author="Bohlke, J. E." box="[1260,1592,1880,1921]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref28796" refString="Bohlke, J. E. 1954. Studies on the phylogeny and systematics of fishes of the family Characidae. Unpubl. Dissertation, University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, v + 209 pp." type="book" year="1954">Böhlke (1954: 30-31)</bibRefCitation>
tentatively rec ­ ognized
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A12FFCAFB18F80A4E34F836" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1907" box="[1192,1341,1928,1965]" family="Characidae" genus="Phoxinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="typicus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A12FFCAFB18F80A4FCAF836" box="[1192,1219,1928,1965]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">P.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A12FFCAFB63F80A4E34F836" box="[1235,1341,1928,1965]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">typicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A12FFCAFA2EF80A4D39F836" box="[1438,1584,1928,1965]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A12FFCAFA2EF80A4EBFF836" box="[1438,1462,1928,1965]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">S.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A12FFCAFA74F80A4D39F836" box="[1476,1584,1928,1965]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">broccae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct species and he included these two nominal species and
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A12FFCAFBD1F8634E26F793" box="[1121,1327,2017,2056]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papilliferus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A12FFCAFBD1F8634F70F793" box="[1121,1145,2017,2056]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">S.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A12FFCAFB36F8634E26F793" box="[1158,1327,2017,2056]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">papilliferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A12FFCAFADEF8634D25F793" box="[1390,1580,2017,2056]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A12FFCAFADEF8634D2AF793" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1907" box="[1390,1571,2017,2056]" family="Characidae" genus="Phoxinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phoxinopsis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
His reasons for doing this were based on information received from G. S. Myers sometime before 1953. According to Böhlke, “Prof. G. S. Myers a number of years ago sent a
<typeStatus id="54C888062A12FFCAFAF2F7164EDDF727" box="[1346,1492,2196,2236]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">paratype</typeStatus>
of his
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A12FFCAF9ECF7164F76F77C" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A12FFCAF9ECF7164C32F727" box="[1628,1851,2196,2236]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Spintherobolus</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A12FFCAFBA2F7424F76F77C" box="[1042,1151,2240,2279]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">broccae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the late J.R. Norman of the British Museum (Natural History) for comparison with Regan’s
<typeStatus id="54C888062A12FFCAFB1AF69F4FFBF6DE" box="[1194,1266,2333,2373]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A12FFCAFA89F69F4D79F6DE" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1907" box="[1337,1648,2333,2373]" family="Characidae" genus="Phoxinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="typicus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A12FFCAFA89F69F4EE6F6DE" box="[1337,1519,2333,2373]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Phoxinopsis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A12FFCAF9B5F69F4D70F6DE" box="[1541,1657,2333,2373]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">typicus.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dr. Myers has informed me that after a point by point comparison ofthe
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A12FFCAFB49F6F44EE4F604" box="[1273,1517,2422,2463]" count="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
(including the teeth, which are very important characters) Norman concluded that they were specifically identical”. Myers must have sent a
<typeStatus id="54C888062A12FFCAFA66F67F4D60F5BD" box="[1494,1641,2557,2598]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">paratype</typeStatus>
to Norman soon after publication of the original description because the catalog number of the specimen is
<collectionCode id="ED62AE612A11FFC9FFF5FEBE4BB0FEF8" box="[69,185,316,355]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">BMNH</collectionCode>
1925.10.19.1 (Eschmeyer &amp; Ferraris, pers. comm.). This is corroborated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B552A11FFC9FD3FFEEA4B8DFE25" author="Myers, G. S." editor="W. T. Innes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="264 - 283" refId="ref30072" refString="- 1926. Alphabetical list of aquarium fishes, their breeding habits, care etc. Pp. 264 - 283 in W. T. Innes, Goldfish varieties and tropical aquarium fishes. 9 th edition. Innes, Philadelphia [not seen; reference from Rachow, 1943: 798 and authorship confirmed by Myers, 1970: 25. We examined this list, unaltered, in Innes, 1931: 286 - 296]." title="Alphabetical list of aquarium fishes, their breeding habits, care etc." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Goldfish varieties and tropical aquarium fishes. 9 th edition. Innes, Philadelphia [not seen; reference from Rachow, 1943: 798 and authorship confirmed by Myers, 1970: 25. We examined this list, unaltered, in Innes, 1931" year="1926">Myers (1926: 273)</bibRefCitation>
wherein he used the generic name
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A11FFC9FD60FE154B6EFE71" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1907" family="Characidae" genus="Phoxinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FD60FE154B6EFE71" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Phoxinopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather than
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FEF2FE414925FE71" box="[322,556,451,490]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A11FFC9FEF2FE41492BFE71" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" box="[322,546,451,490]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Spintherobolus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A11FFC9FFCDFE734AE0FC1A" blockId="34.[64,877,225,2522]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
In 1973 Böhlke wrote to SHW that he examined the
<typeStatus id="54C888062A11FFC9FF69FD9C4A29FDDD" box="[217,288,542,582]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A11FFC9FEEDFD9C4AFAFDDD" box="[349,499,542,582]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FEEDFD9C4AFAFDDD" box="[349,499,542,582]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P. typicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and found it to be an
<author id="53CEDE412A11FFC9FFF4FDC84AA8FDE9" box="[68,417,586,626]" case="TC" fn="Aphyocharax" fnc="TC" fns="N" ln="Gunther" lnc="TC" npo="FnLn" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FFF4FDC84A01FDE9" box="[68,264,586,626]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Aphyocharax</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B552A11FFC9FEA4FDC84AF5FDE9" author="Gunther, A." box="[276,508,586,626]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="475 - 481" refId="ref29423" refString="Gunther, A. 1868. Diagnoses of some new freshwater fishes from Surinam and Brazil in the collection of the British Museum. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 4: 475 - 481." type="journal article" year="1868">Günther, 1868</bibRefCitation>
</author>
. Later the
<typeStatus id="54C888062A11FFC9FD1FFDC84848FDE9" box="[687,833,586,626]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A11FFC9FFF3FDFA4BDFFD3B" box="[67,214,632,672]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FFF3FDFA4BDFFD3B" box="[67,214,632,672]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P. typicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was borrowed by SHW and identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A11FFC9FFC6FD244AB6FD57" box="[118,447,678,716]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FFC6FD244A37FD57" box="[118,318,678,716]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Aphyocharax</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FEE1FD244AB6FD57" box="[337,447,678,716]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">anisitsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B552A11FFC9FE64FD244BFBFD62" author="Eigenmann, C. H. &amp; C. H. Kennedy" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="497 - 537" refId="ref29128" refString="Eigenmann, C. H. &amp; C. H. Kennedy. 1903. On a collection of fishes from Paraguay. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 55: 497 - 537." type="journal article" year="1903">Eigenmann &amp; Kennedy (1903: 517)</bibRefCitation>
. Thus
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A11FFC9FEDFFD534908FD62" box="[367,513,721,761]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FEDFFD534908FD62" box="[367,513,721,761]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S. broccae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A11FFC9FF75FC824A57FCBC" box="[197,350,768,807]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FF75FC824BEBFCBC" box="[197,226,768,807]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FF41FC824A6DFCBC" box="[241,356,768,807]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">typicus,</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A11FFC9FE07FC824944FCBC" box="[439,589,768,807]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FE07FC824ADAFCBC" box="[439,467,768,807]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FE53FC824944FCBC" box="[483,589,768,807]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">typicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A11FFC9FF66FCAF4A7FFCCF" box="[214,374,813,852]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FF66FCAF4BFEFCCF" box="[214,247,813,852]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">A.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FEB5FCAF4A7FFCCF" box="[261,374,813,852]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">anisitsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A11FFC9FE50FCAF4993FCCF" box="[480,666,813,852]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FE50FCAF4993FCCF" box="[480,666,813,852]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Phoxinopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a junior synonym of
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FEA9FCD84AE0FC1A" box="[281,489,858,897]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A11FFC9FEA9FCD84AECFC1A" box="[281,485,858,897]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Aphyocharax</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A11FFC9FFCDFC0A4AB7F824" blockId="34.[64,877,225,2522]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A11FFC9FFCDFC0A4AD3FC35" box="[125,474,904,942]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FFCDFC0A4AD3FC35" box="[125,474,904,942]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Spintherobolus broccae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A11FFC9FD86FC0A49D8FC35" authorityName="Eigenmann &amp; Kennedy" authorityYear="1903" box="[566,721,904,942]" family="Characidae" genus="Aphyocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anisitsi">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FD86FC0A49D8FC35" box="[566,721,904,942]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">A. anisitsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are very different fishes and it is difficult to understand how Norman confused the two. If young specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A11FFC9FF64FB8C4A67FBAD" authorityName="Eigenmann &amp; Kennedy" authorityYear="1903" box="[212,366,1038,1078]" family="Characidae" genus="Aphyocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anisitsi">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FF64FB8C4BFCFBAD" box="[212,245,1038,1078]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">A.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FEB2FB8C4A67FBAD" box="[258,366,1038,1078]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">anisitsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are compared with comparable sized adult female specimens of
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FD7EFBBF4861FBF9" box="[718,872,1085,1122]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A11FFC9FD7EFBBF486DFBF9" box="[718,868,1085,1122]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">S. broccae</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
about
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A11FFC9FF04FBEA4A5DFB0B" box="[180,340,1128,1168]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="18.0">18-20 mm</quantity>
in SL, they appear somewhat similar in body shape and fin position, but not in color and certainly not in their teeth and mouth shapes. The
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2D2A11FFC9FE92FB6D4926FA8C" box="[290,559,1263,1303]" count="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="generic">three paratypes</specimenCount>
we have seen of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A11FFC9FFF3FA9D4BDFFAD9" box="[67,214,1311,1346]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FFF3FA9D4BDFFAD9" box="[67,214,1311,1346]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S. broccae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED62AE612A11FFC9FF48FA9D4A63FAD9" box="[248,362,1311,1346]" collectionName="USA, Washington D.C., National Museum of Natural History, [formerly, United States National Museum]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">USNM</collectionCode>
92959,
<collectionCode id="ED62AE612A11FFC9FE4CFA9D494EFAD9" box="[508,583,1311,1346]" collectionName="USA, California, San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">CAS</collectionCode>
24073) are now faded and have lost their dark markings. If they had lost these when Norman examined his specimen, the
<typeStatus id="54C888062A11FFC9FF5CFA274A3DFA55" box="[236,308,1445,1486]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A11FFC9FEC2FA274900FA55" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1907" box="[370,521,1445,1486]" family="Characidae" genus="Phoxinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="typicus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FEC2FA274A99FA55" box="[370,400,1445,1486]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">P.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FE2DFA274900FA55" box="[413,521,1445,1486]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">typicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the
<typeStatus id="54C888062A11FFC9FD18FA274832FA55" box="[680,827,1445,1486]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">paratype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A11FFC9FFF3FA514BDAFA61" box="[67,211,1491,1530]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FFF3FA514BDAFA61" box="[67,211,1491,1530]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S. broccae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would have had no striking color pattern differences. Although both species have relatively elongate and somewhat similar jaw teeth, those of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A11FFC9FF7DF9D84A69F91B" box="[205,352,1626,1664]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FF7DF9D84A69F91B" box="[205,352,1626,1664]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S. broccae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are more slender. Furthermore the gape of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A11FFC9FEA8F9054ABBF935" box="[280,434,1671,1710]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FEA8F9054A3BF935" box="[280,306,1671,1710]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FEF6F9054ABBF935" box="[326,434,1671,1710]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">broccae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is wide and the toothed portions of the dentary and the premaxilla ex ­ tend laterally almost at right angles to the long axis of the head and body. In
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A11FFC9FDADF88C49B1F8AD" authorityName="Eigenmann &amp; Kennedy" authorityYear="1903" box="[541,696,1806,1846]" family="Characidae" genus="Aphyocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anisitsi">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FDADF88C4937F8AD" box="[541,574,1806,1846]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">A.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FDFBF88C49B1F8AD" box="[587,696,1806,1846]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">anisitsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the mouth opening is narrow, the snout conical, and the toothed portions of the premaxillae and dentaries are curved posteriorly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A11FFC9FFCBF8464A2AF641" blockId="34.[64,877,225,2522]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B552A11FFC9FFCBF8464A82F870" author="Sarraf, A." box="[123,395,1988,2027]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="27 - 30" refId="ref30602" refString="Sarraf, A. 1997. Redescription and distribution of Spintherobolus broccae Myers (Characiformes: Cha - racidae). Rev. Fr. Aquariol. Herpet., 24: 27 - 30." type="journal article" year="1997">Sarraf (1997: 28)</bibRefCitation>
recorded the principal caudal-fin ray count as i, 18,i. This produces a principal ray count of 20 rather than 19. Yet when we counted the principal caudal-fin rays in figure 8 of Saraaf (1997) we counted 10 / 9 which is equivalent to nearly all of the counts given above in our description of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A11FFC9FECEF751491BF762" box="[382,530,2259,2297]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FECEF751491BF762" box="[382,530,2259,2297]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S. broccae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and would be i,17,i for a total
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A11FFC9FF5BF77D4A31F6BC" box="[235,312,2303,2343]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.826" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="in" value="19.0">19 in</quantity>
Sarraf ’ s method of counting. The dorsal-fin ray count was recorded ii,8 by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B552A11FFC9FCB7F6AC4BDEF61A" author="Sarraf, A." pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="27 - 30" refId="ref30602" refString="Sarraf, A. 1997. Redescription and distribution of Spintherobolus broccae Myers (Characiformes: Cha - racidae). Rev. Fr. Aquariol. Herpet., 24: 27 - 30." type="journal article" year="1997">Sarraf (1997: 28)</bibRefCitation>
. We found the number to be ii,
<quantity id="4C8B9B412A11FFC9FD65F6D84806F61A" box="[725,783,2394,2433]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
most specimens, and found ii,8 as an unusual count (x = 8.9, n = 28).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652F2A11FFC9FC15FF614FE1FC40" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A11FFC9FC15FF614FE1FC40" blockId="34.[932,1737,227,987]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Ecological notes.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B552A11FFC9FB5AFF614D2DFE92" author="Myers, G. S." box="[1258,1572,227,265]" journalOrPublisher="The Aquarium, Philadelphia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="185 - 186" part="13" refId="ref30152" refString="- 1944. Field notes on fishes of the vicinity of Rio de Janeiro (part 1). The Aquarium, Philadelphia, 13: 185 - 186." title="Field notes on fishes of the vicinity of Rio de Janeiro (part 1)" type="journal article" year="1944">Myers (1944: 186)</bibRefCitation>
reported specimens from “behind the beach of Sernambetiba” to live in dark-brown swamp waters. SHW has taken this species (
<collectionCode id="ED62AE612A11FFC9FAA2FEEA4E88FE0A" box="[1298,1409,360,401]" collectionName="USA, Washington D.C., National Museum of Natural History, [formerly, United States National Museum]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">USNM</collectionCode>
287324,
<collectionCode id="ED62AE612A11FFC9F9B9FEEA4D53FE0A" box="[1545,1626,360,401]" collectionName="MCP" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">MCP</collectionCode>
19196) in somewhat brown acid waters of a stream in the forests surrounding the town of Cachoeiras de Macacu, Rio de Janeiro and from clear waters of a stream draining into lagoa Saquarema (
<collectionCode id="ED62AE612A11FFC9FC04FDC84F2AFDE9" box="[948,1059,586,626]" collectionName="USA, Washington D.C., National Museum of Natural History, [formerly, United States National Museum]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">USNM</collectionCode>
34206). The area around lagoa Saquarema was at one time at least partly forested, but this is no longer true. Nevertheless,
<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A11FFC9FA48FD264D81FD57" box="[1528,1672,676,716]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9FA48FD264D18FD57" box="[1528,1553,676,716]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EAB62A11FFC9F9ADFD264D81FD57" box="[1565,1672,676,716]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">broccae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has survived in the region. The species appears to be present in somewhat acid waters in relatively lowland areas, in both swamps and slow moving streams, to the north and south of the city of Rio de Janeiro, but only in areas where the streams remain unpolluted.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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