395 lines
46 KiB
XML
395 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="7A274F3DC85B6B5F31678CE0DE73A0F8" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.188875" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e6eff4bd-9988-40e2-b7fa-4d357874d999" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="188875" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461098015633" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Archibald, Bruce, Makarkin, Vladimir N. & Ansorge, Jörg" docDate="2009" docId="0574879BFFDF6C0C47B359836896FE37" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02157p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2157" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Nymphes georgei Archibald, Makarkin & Ansorge, 2009, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="F94DFFE3FFDE6C0847245F716B4DFFAD" masterDocTitle="New fossil species of Nymphidae (Neuroptera) from the Eocene of North America and Europe" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1698590026169" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="3E2BE241A35AC7708ACD70D4F5BCDE25" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B302221396F54A0E52CE5CB1003507FF">
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<mods:title id="62888890BAC2DA19060C35062CF093CF">New fossil species of Nymphidae (Neuroptera) from the Eocene of North America and Europe</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="1292BE02758B1D1000C0C30603150038" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="59F198E0B89633E33884EAF96065B1BB">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A5A2FD1FF30D71F66B35C918770BB8F8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F9D78E616A33B59DDF353C6549182B0E">Archibald, Bruce</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="C5B972B9C064FD6950A0152DD13DACAE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BE7F36D23DA4A0CD17F29E4D42E1732C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="CB0E6CB8DE89EE8288E2684706CA8A99">Makarkin, Vladimir N.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="C98BB8F304E15FEEB44FF99F52FA0039" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E5AC3B6EFF854FA52781F26597E1E766">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1DAEFBD1FEE05CCC7777870C982A34D6">Ansorge, Jörg</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4EA5D7FCD34BC68BB8125DA22DA97E24">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="9A5D2EC4B3C358AD30245A58C651F526">
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<mods:title id="5450D8B53C122E0FA7B9B6BC53DC521E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="C08120C2E5716741B9F86F7B70D0C1FA">
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<mods:date id="CD9A7DDFCC2B22C78EF257E9A34C10F6">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="919A36957F7A4D652F2B387973EEF1F5" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F68DD9DEC5B40FE41D5541C4FF93D04E">2157</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="59A858199F10141A5F72D8DCDE12AC98">59</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="F1E09DF64E80CDCD953F73FD8A4301B6">68</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="F7EB7CDEC4127B5B6E6C04BD6FB4B35B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CA9FA5A1CE379C9B191AF5C50D8552B7" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.188875</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4969D770551473FDAA101D9F2992176C" type="GBIF-Dataset">e6eff4bd-9988-40e2-b7fa-4d357874d999</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="ABD151B1D526609C3FAB19805A04FFF8" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BBC5CCF71723A16CDC19DD2DFBEA16E1" type="Zenodo-Dep">188875</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0574879BFFDF6C0C47B359836896FE37" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6214017" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119620841" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6214017" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0574879BFFDF6C0C47B359836896FE37" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0574879BFFDF6C0C47B359836896FE37" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<subSubSection id="C5C76506FFDF6C0947B359836A5EF89E" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8D62368DFFDF6C0947B359836A81F8A1" blockId="1.[151,460,1778,1843]" box="[151,460,1778,1804]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<heading id="D62A81E1FFDF6C0947B359836A81F8A1" bold="true" box="[151,460,1778,1804]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDF6C0947B359836A81F8A1" bold="true" box="[151,460,1778,1804]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDF6C0947B359836A2AF8A1" ID-CoL="486LD" box="[151,359,1778,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="georgei" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDF6C0947B359836A2AF8A1" bold="true" box="[151,359,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Nymphes georgei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A49A57E4FFDF6C09464B59836A81F8A1" box="[367,460,1778,1804]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8D62368DFFDF6C0947B358686A5EF89E" blockId="1.[151,460,1778,1843]" box="[151,275,1817,1843]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<figureCitation id="15E62A08FFDF6C0947B358686B9BF89E" box="[151,214,1817,1843]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1377,1401]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,197,1339]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,197,1352]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Hind wings of Nymphes georgei sp. nov. and N. aperta. A, photograph of holotype specimen SR 09 - 07 - 08. B, N. georgei sp. nov., holotype specimen SR 09 - 07 - 08. C, N. aperta (re-drawn from New, 1982: Fig. 42; vein labelling is ours). Scale bar = 5 mm (for A – B; C, scale not provided by New, 1982)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188876/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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A–B
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C5C76506FFDF6C0947B358176F22F80A" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8D62368DFFDF6C0947B358176F22F80A" blockId="1.[151,1436,1894,2036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDF6C0947B358176A69F82D" bold="true" box="[151,292,1894,1920]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific epithet is formed from the surname of Steven George, collector of the
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<typeStatus id="5266882FFFDF6C09422A58176E35F82D" box="[1294,1400,1894,1920]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, in recognition of his generous contribution to science in the donation of this specimen.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C5C76506FFDF6C0A47E158C2699AF980" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8D62368DFFDF6C0947E158C26953F859" blockId="1.[151,1436,1894,2036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDF6C0947E158C26A73F860" bold="true" box="[197,318,1971,1997]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<typeStatus id="5266882FFFDF6C0947E158C26A74F860" box="[197,313,1971,1997]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Specimen SR
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<date id="F963104DFFDF6C0946C158C56902F863" box="[485,591,1972,1998]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="1909-08-07">09-07-08</date>
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(part only), collected by Steven George, and deposited in
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<collectionCode id="EBCCAE48FFDF6C0943D058C56E74F863" box="[1268,1337,1972,1998]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">SRIC</collectionCode>
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. A wellpreserved, incomplete hind wing.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="D9A26605FFDC6C0A47B35A1068D6FA13" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188876/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[163,1424,197,1339]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8D62368DFFDC6C0A47B35A1068D6FA13" blockId="2.[151,1437,1377,1470]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDC6C0A47B35A106A57FAD4" bold="true" box="[151,282,1377,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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Hind wings of
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<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDC6C0A46E75A136931FAD4" box="[451,636,1378,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="georgei" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDC6C0A46E75A136931FAD4" box="[451,636,1378,1401]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Nymphes georgei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A49A57E4FFDC6C0A45A05A106997FAD4" box="[644,730,1377,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDC6C0A45A05A106997FAD4" bold="true" box="[644,730,1377,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDC6C0A442B5A136839FAD4" box="[783,884,1378,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aperta">
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<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDC6C0A442B5A136839FAD4" box="[783,884,1378,1401]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">N. aperta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDC6C0A44A65A1068D0FAD4" bold="true" box="[898,925,1377,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">A,</emphasis>
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photograph of holotype specimen SR09-07-08.
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<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDC6C0A47B35AF56BE4FA31" bold="true" box="[151,169,1412,1436]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">B</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDC6C0A47915AF56A68FA36" box="[181,293,1412,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="georgei" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDC6C0A47915AF56A68FA36" box="[181,293,1412,1435]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">N. georgei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A49A57E4FFDC6C0A460F5AF56A32FA36" box="[299,383,1412,1435]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, holotype specimen SR09-07-08.
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<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDC6C0A45C25AF569B4FA31" bold="true" box="[742,761,1412,1436]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">C</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDC6C0A44225AF56826FA36" box="[774,875,1412,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aperta">
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<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDC6C0A44225AF56826FA36" box="[774,875,1412,1435]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">N. aperta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(re-drawn from New, 1982: Fig. 42; vein labelling is ours). Scale bar = 5 mm (for A–B; C, scale not provided by New, 1982).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8D62368DFFDC6C0A47E15A9D699AF980" blockId="2.[151,1437,1516,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDC6C0A47E15A9D695EF9AB" bold="true" box="[197,531,1516,1542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
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<typeStatus id="5266882FFFDC6C0A47E15A9D6A4EF9AB" box="[197,259,1516,1542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Type</typeStatus>
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locality and horizon.
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</emphasis>
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Tom Thumb Tuff Member of the Klondike Mountain Formation, exposure A0307, Republic, Washington,
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<collectingCountry id="F5CA761DFFDC6C0A452C59626916F980" box="[520,603,1555,1581]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
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; Ypresian.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C5C76506FFDC6C0A47E159486A69F943" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8D62368DFFDC6C0A47E159486A69F943" blockId="2.[151,1437,1516,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDC6C0A47E159486A09F9FE" bold="true" box="[197,324,1593,1619]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F5CA761DFFDC6C0A4668594B6ACAF9F9" box="[332,391,1594,1620]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Hind</collectingCountry>
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wing separable from those of
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<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDC6C0A45CE594B6881F9FE" box="[746,972,1594,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmeleonoides">
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<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDC6C0A45CE594B6881F9FE" box="[746,972,1594,1619]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">N. myrmeleonoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDC6C0A44FE594B6F13F9FE" box="[986,1118,1594,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modesta">
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<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDC6C0A44FE594B6F13F9FE" box="[986,1118,1594,1619]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">N. modesta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDC6C0A4348594B6E35F9FE" box="[1132,1400,1594,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paramyrmeleonides">
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<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDC6C0A4348594B6E35F9FE" box="[1132,1400,1594,1619]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">N. paramyrmeleonides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by absence of tornus, subcostal crossveins; from those of
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<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDC6C0A4431591068C9F9D7" box="[789,900,1633,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aperta">
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<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDC6C0A4431591068C9F9D7" box="[789,900,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">N. aperta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by branches of MP originated at more obtuse angle, area between distal portion of CuA, MP, then MP1 broader; from those of
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<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDC6C0A436259F66FA9F90D" box="[1094,1252,1671,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
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<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDC6C0A436259F66FA9F90D" box="[1094,1252,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">N. nigrescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by distal origin of Rs1, slightly distal to termination of CuA [Rs1 originated much proximal to termination of CuA in
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<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDC6C0A42A459DF6A5EF940" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
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<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDC6C0A42A459DF6A5EF940" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">N. nigrescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C5C76506FFDC6C0B47E1598B6F76FDA3" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="8D62368DFFDC6C0B47E1598B6F76FDA3" blockId="2.[151,1437,1516,2006]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDC6C0A47E1598B6A13F8B9" bold="true" box="[197,350,1786,1812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Description.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F5CA761DFFDC6C0A4642598A6AECF8B8" box="[358,417,1787,1813]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Hind</collectingCountry>
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wing elongate, without tornus, with apex shifted posteriad; preserved portion
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<quantity id="4A259B68FFDC6C0A426C598A6ED1F8B8" box="[1352,1436,1787,1813]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
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long (estimated complete length about
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<quantity id="4A259B68FFDC6C0A457F58536990F891" box="[603,733,1826,1852]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="34.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="34.0">34–35 mm</quantity>
|
||
), 8.2 mm wide. Trichosors prominent along entire preserved margin: one between each vein tip apically along posterior margin, many (up to about five) between veinlet tips along anterior margin, posterior margin in mid- and basal wing. Each vein/veinlet tip thickened like trichosors. Macrotrichia along veins rather short. Costal space narrow. Subcostal veinlets simple, perpendicular to Sc basally, bent apically. Sc+R1 entering margin far beyond apex; veinlets of Sc+R1 deeply forked, each branch with shallow marginal fork; two crossveins preserved between veinlets of Sc+R1. Subcostal space narrow, without crossveins. R1 space broad, with numerous crossveins arranged rather regularly. Rs probably originated near wing base, with 10 branches dichotomously branched distally. Rs1 originated far distant from wing base, rather profusely branched distally. MA slightly concave, somewhat arced, only few branched distally. MP slightly convex, markedly arced distal to its proximal branch, with seven branches, partly dichotomously branched. MP space triangular, enclosed by distal portion of MP, basalmost branch of MP. Radial, medial crossveins numerous, arranged irregularly. MP, CuA approach to each other toward wing base; several crossveins between them. CuA probably slightly concave (poorly preserved), pectinately branched (two branches preserved); each branch connecting by crossvein to other (three crossveins preserved). CuP, anal veins not preserved. Membrane hyaline.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C5C76506FFDD6C0B47E15D6B6E27F8A7" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8D62368DFFDD6C0B47E15D6B69FDFD5B" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B47E15D6B6A02FD99" bold="true" box="[197,335,538,564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
. The extant genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B45415D6B69BFFD99" box="[613,754,538,564]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are divided into the morphologically distinct
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B42005D6B6B93FDF6" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Nymphesgroup</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B47D45D306A12FDF7" box="[240,351,577,602]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B47D45D306A12FDF7" box="[240,351,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Nymphes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B46545D306999FDF6" authority="Gerstaecker, 1885" authorityName="Gerstaecker" authorityYear="1885" box="[368,724,577,603]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nesydrion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B46545D306AA0FDF7" box="[368,493,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Nesydrion</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94C4B7CFFDD6C0B46D15D306999FDF6" author="Gerstaecker" box="[501,724,577,603]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" refString="Gerstaecker, C. E. A. (1885 a) Vier decaden von Neuropteren aus der Familie Megaloptera Burm. Mittheilungen aus dem Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein fur Neu-Vorpommern und Rugen, 16 (for 1884), 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1885" yearSuffix="a">Gerstaecker, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B45D45D3068E7FDF7" box="[752,938,577,602]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Austronymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B45D45D3068E7FDF7" box="[752,938,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Austronymphes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B44D55D306FD2FDF7" box="[1009,1183,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Myiodactylus-</emphasis>
|
||
group (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B43DD5D306A71FD2F" authority="Brauer, 1866" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1866" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Myiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B43DD5D306ED0FDF7" box="[1273,1437,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Myiodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94C4B7CFFDD6C0B47B35D196A71FD2F" author="Brauer" box="[151,316,616,642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" refString="Brauer, F. (1866) Zusatze und Berichtigungen zu Hagen's Hemerobidarum Synopsis Synonymica und Beschreibung einer neuen Nymphiden-gattung: Myiodactylus osmyloides aus Australien. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich- Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 16, 983 - 992." type="journal article" year="1866">Brauer, 1866</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B466D5D196927FD2F" authority="Banks, 1913" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1913" box="[329,618,616,642]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Osmylops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B466D5D196A8FFD2C" box="[329,450,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Osmylops</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94C4B7CFFDD6C0B46EF5D196927FD2F" author="Banks" box="[459,618,616,642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" refString="Banks, N. (1913) Synopses and descriptions of exotic Neuroptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 39, 201 - 242." type="journal article" year="1913">Banks, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B45535D196888FD2F" authority="Banks, 1913" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1913" box="[631,965,616,642]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphydrion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B45535D196853FD2C" box="[631,798,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Nymphydrion</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94C4B7CFFDD6C0B44035D196888FD2F" author="Banks" box="[807,965,616,642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" refString="Banks, N. (1913) Synopses and descriptions of exotic Neuroptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 39, 201 - 242." type="journal article" year="1913">Banks, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B44F75D196FA3FD2F" authority="Navas, 1922" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1922" box="[979,1262,616,642]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Norfolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B44F75D196F05FD2C" box="[979,1096,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Norfolius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94C4B7CFFDD6C0B43755D196FA3FD2F" author="Navas" box="[1105,1262,616,642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Navas, L. (1922) Insectos nuevos o poco conocidos. Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, (3), 17, 383 - 400." type="journal article" year="1922">Navás, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94C4B7CFFDD6C0B422C5D196EC2FD2F" author="New" box="[1288,1423,616,642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="New, T. R. (1984) Intergeneric relationships in recent Nymphidae. In: Gepp, J., Aspock, H. & Holzel, H. (Eds.), Progress in World's Neuropterology. Proceedings of the 1 st International Symposium on Neuropterology. Privately printed, Graz (Austria), 125 - 131." type="proceedings paper" year="1984">New 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Formerly, the
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B466E5DFE6AB0FD05" box="[330,509,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Myiodactylus-</emphasis>
|
||
group was considered to constitute a separate family, the Myiodactylidae (Handlirsch
|
||
<date id="F963104DFFDD6C0B460D5DC46AFDFD62" box="[297,432,693,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" value="1906" valueMax="1908">1906–1908</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94C4B7CFFDD6C0B46985DC469D5FD62" author="Withycombe" box="[444,664,693,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Withycombe, C. L. (1925) Some aspects of the biology and morphology of the Neuroptera. With special reference to the immature stages and their possible phylogenetic significance. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (for 1924), 303 - 411." type="journal article" year="1925">Withycombe 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94C4B7CFFDD6C0B45805DC4680AFD62" author="Tillyard" box="[676,839,693,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Tillyard, R. J. (1926) The Insects of Australia and New Zealand. Angus & Robertson, Sydney, xi + 560 pp." type="book" year="1926">Tillyard 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and has subsequently been treated as a subfamily of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B47925DAD6A72FD5B" box="[182,319,732,758]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94C4B7CFFDD6C0B466A5DAD6A92FD5B" author="Henry" box="[334,479,732,758]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" refString="Henry, C. S. (1982) Neuroptera. In: Parker, S. (Chief Ed.), Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. Vol. 2. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 470 - 482." type="book chapter" year="1982">Henry 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94C4B7CFFDD6C0B46CF5DAD69EEFD5B" author="Makarkin" box="[491,675,732,758]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" refString="Makarkin, V. N. (1990) New lacewings (Neuroptera) from the Late Cretaceous of Asia. In: Akimov, I. A. (Chief Ed.), News of faunistics and systematics. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 63 - 68. (In Russian)." type="book chapter" year="1990">Makarkin 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8D62368DFFDD6C0B47E15C736A3EFBA9" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B47E15C736ADDFCB6" box="[197,400,770,795]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="georgei">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B47E15C736ADDFCB6" box="[197,400,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Nymphes georgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs confidently to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B45F55C736871FCB6" box="[721,828,770,795]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B45F55C736871FCB6" box="[721,828,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Nymphes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group by the following hind wing features: the MP space has a characteristic triangular area enclosed by the distal portion of MP and the basal-most branch of MP [absent in
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B46625C216AA2FCC4" box="[326,495,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Myiodactylus-</emphasis>
|
||
group]; Rs1 is originated distant from wing base [relatively close to wing base, much proximal to termination of CuA in
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B45535C066853FC3D" box="[631,798,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Myiodactylus-</emphasis>
|
||
group]; costal space is narrow [broad in
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B43D05C066BAFFC1A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Myiodactylusgroup</emphasis>
|
||
]. Fortunately, the venation of hind wings of all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B44A75CEC6F41FC1A" box="[899,1036,925,951]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(both fossil and extant, except the Early Cretaceous
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B46425CB569D1FC70" box="[358,668,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Olindanymphes makarkini</emphasis>
|
||
Martins-Neto, 2005) is well known, allowing some confidence in its generic affinity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8D62368DFFDD6C0B47E15B606F5DFA56" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
All preserved character states indicate that the hind wing venation of this species is indistinguishable from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B47C85B496A15FBFC" box="[236,344,1080,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B47C85B496A15FBFC" box="[236,344,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Nymphes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Indeed, the hind wing venation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B44455B496880FBFC" box="[865,973,1080,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B44455B496880FBFC" box="[865,973,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Nymphes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses a distinctive combination of the long stem of Rs (
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B46A95B2E6AE4FBD5" box="[397,425,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">i.e</emphasis>
|
||
., Rs1 is originated distally) and the presence of crossveins between branches of CuA. The venation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B46435BF4695DFB33" box="[359,528,1157,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B46435BF46A37FB33" box="[359,378,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B46A85BF4695DFB33" box="[396,528,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">nigrescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs greatly from that of other species of the genus. For example, Rs originates much more distally in its hind wing, costal crossveins are present in the apical portions of both wings, and there are no crossveins connecting branches of CuP in the forewing.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94C4B7CFFDD6C0B43705BA26FAFFB40" author="New" box="[1108,1250,1235,1261]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="New, T. R. (1982) A revision of the Australian Nymphidae (Insecta: Neuroptera). Australian Journal of Zoology, 29 (for 1981), 707 - 750." type="journal article" year="1982">New (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned that this species “may eventually be separated into a new genus” (p. 718). The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B43ED5B886E72FABF" box="[1225,1343,1273,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B43ED5B886E72FABF" box="[1225,1343,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Nymphes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also heterogeneous for the presence/absence of subcostal crossveins in both wings and M is either deeply forked or simple in the forewing. While understanding that further examination might then indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B42095A366ED0FACD" box="[1325,1437,1351,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B42095A366ED0FACD" box="[1325,1437,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Nymphes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be broken into smaller genera, this is outside of the scope of this study, and here, we assign
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B42055A1C6ED6FA2B" box="[1313,1435,1389,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="georgei">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B42055A1C6ED6FA2B" box="[1313,1435,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">N. georgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to this genus as currently defined. However, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B45FA5AE56806FA00" box="[734,843,1428,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B45FA5AE56806FA00" box="[734,843,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Nymphes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
affinity of this new species should be considered
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B47B35ACA6BB6FA79" box="[151,251,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">formally</emphasis>
|
||
tentative, as the specimen is represented by only an incomplete hind wing; we should not exclude a venational convergence between this fossil species and species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B44BA5A906F44FA57" box="[926,1033,1505,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B44BA5A906F44FA57" box="[926,1033,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Nymphes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8D62368DFFDD6C0B47E159796F7AF9E5" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
The venation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B46AF5979694AF98C" box="[395,519,1544,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="georgei">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B46AF5979694AF98C" box="[395,519,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">N. georgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B4419597968E3F98C" box="[829,942,1544,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aperta">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B4419597968E3F98C" box="[829,942,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">N. aperta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in wing shape, size and many venational details, including the absence of the subcostal crossveins (cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="15E62A08FFDD6C0B4443595F68FEF9E5" box="[871,947,1582,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1377,1401]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,197,1339]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,197,1352]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Hind wings of Nymphes georgei sp. nov. and N. aperta. A, photograph of holotype specimen SR 09 - 07 - 08. B, N. georgei sp. nov., holotype specimen SR 09 - 07 - 08. C, N. aperta (re-drawn from New, 1982: Fig. 42; vein labelling is ours). Scale bar = 5 mm (for A – B; C, scale not provided by New, 1982)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188876/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B and 1C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8D62368DFFDD6C0B47E159246E27F8A7" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Other extant genera have somewhat different venation. For example, all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B43FE59246E17F9C3" box="[1242,1370,1621,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nesydrion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B43FE59246E17F9C3" box="[1242,1370,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Nesydrion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have numerous subcostal crossveins and do not possess any crossveins between the branches of CuA [contrary in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B47B359D26A5EF911" box="[151,275,1698,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="georgei">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B47B359D26BE7F911" box="[151,170,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B479E59D26A5EF911" box="[186,275,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">georgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]; the single species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B450C59D26990F911" box="[552,733,1699,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Austronymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B450C59D26990F911" box="[552,733,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Austronymphes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has these crossveins, but the stem of Rs is short. Also, the hind wings of these two genera are broader than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B443A59B868DAF94F" box="[798,919,1737,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="georgei">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B443A59B868DAF94F" box="[798,919,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">N. georgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in association with the rather distinct tornus in most species. The venation of all known fossil genera is considerably different from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B43CC59816E2FF8A4" box="[1256,1378,1776,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="georgei">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B43CC59816E2FF8A4" box="[1256,1378,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">N. georgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C5C76506FFDD6C0C47E158666896FE37" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8D62368DFFDD6C0C47E158666896FE37" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,152,410]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B47E158666ADCF89D" ID-CoL="486LD" box="[197,401,1815,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="georgei">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B47E158666ADCF89D" box="[197,401,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Nymphes georgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is significant in that it shows that this genus (or one very close), currently found only in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F5CA761DFFDD6C0B47B3584C6A45F8FA" box="[151,264,1853,1879]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(continental and Tasmania), was present in the Eocene of North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F5CA761DFFDD6C0B430B584C6FD0F8FA" box="[1071,1181,1853,1879]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This is an emergent pattern among some insects known from Eocene Republic and other Okanagan Highlands fossil localities,
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B47B358FA6BF1F809" box="[151,188,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">e.g</emphasis>
|
||
., bulldog ants (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B46A558FB697CF809" ID-CoL="HYM" box="[385,561,1930,1956]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B451958FB699DF809" ID-CoL="623T5" box="[573,720,1930,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B45F858FB68C8F809" ID-CoL="JXZ" box="[732,901,1930,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrmeciinae">Myrmeciinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94C4B7CFFDD6C0B44B758FB6FE9F809" author="Archibald" box="[915,1188,1930,1956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" refString="Archibald, S. B. & Makarkin, V. N. (2006) Tertiary giant lacewings (Neuroptera: Polystoechotidae): revision and description of new taxa from western North America and Denmark. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 4, 119 - 155, 307 (errata)." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Archibald
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDD6C0B433C58FA6F1DF809" box="[1048,1104,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and mastotermitid termites (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B462C58C06A22F866" box="[264,367,1969,1995]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Isoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDD6C0B465F58C06909F866" box="[379,580,1969,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Mastotermitidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mastotermitidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94C4B7CFFDD6C0B457458C069A2F866" author="Wilson" box="[592,751,1969,1995]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Wilson, M. V. H. (1977) New records of insect families from the freshwater middle Eocene of British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 14, 1139 - 1155." type="journal article" year="1977">Wilson 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This is in accord with a broader pattern of a number of insects that had a Northern Hemisphere distribution in the Mesozoic and/or Eocene, and are today restricted to the Australian region,
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDA6C0C469F5FE96AAFFF1C" box="[443,482,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">e.g</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDA6C0C46D85FE96819FF1F" ID-CoL="8HBRD" authority="(Hemiptera)" baseAuthorityName="Hemiptera" box="[508,852,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tettigarctidae (Hemiptera)</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Menon 2005);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDA6C0C430C5FE96ED0FF1F" ID-CoL="625RL" authority="(Trichoptera)" baseAuthorityName="Trichoptera" box="[1064,1437,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Plectrotarsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Plectrotarsidae (Trichoptera)</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94C4B7CFFDA6C0C47BB5FCF6910FF75" author="Sukacheva" box="[159,605,190,216]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Sukacheva, I. D. & Jarzembowski, E. A. (2001) Fossil caddisflies (Insecta Trichoptera) from the Early Cretaceous of Southern England II. Cretaceous Research, 22, 685 - 694." type="journal article" year="2001">Sukacheva & Jarzembowski 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDA6C0C45DF5FCE6F92FF75" authority="Naumann et Masner, 1985" authorityName="Naumann et Masner" authorityYear="1985" box="[763,1247,190,216]" class="Insecta" family="Peradeniidae" genus="Peradenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDA6C0C45DF5FCE68CCFF75" box="[763,897,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Peradenia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94C4B7CFFDA6C0C44AE5FCF6F92FF75" author="Naumann" box="[906,1247,190,216]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Naumann, I. D. & Masner, L. (1985) Parasitic wasps of the proctotrupoid complex: a new family from Australia and a key to world families (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea sensu lato). Australian Journal of Zoology, 33, 761 - 783." type="journal article" year="1985">Naumann et Masner, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDA6C0C47B35F946AA1FF52" ID-CoL="62666" authority="(Hymenoptera)" baseAuthorityName="Hymenoptera" box="[151,492,229,255]" class="Insecta" family="Peradeniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Peradeniidae (Hymenoptera)</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94C4B7CFFDA6C0C46DF5F9469A7FF52" author="Johnson" box="[507,746,229,255]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Johnson N. F., Musetti L. & Janzen J. - W. (2001) A new fossil species of the Australian endemic genus Peradenia Naumann & Masner (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea, Peradeniidae) from Baltic Amber. Insect Systematics and Evolution, 32, 191 - 194." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Johnson
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDA6C0C45425F9469D6FF53" box="[614,667,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); and, indeed, other biota,
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDA6C0C43035F946F07FF53" box="[1063,1098,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">e.g</emphasis>
|
||
., the family and genus level similarities between the Lutetian flora of Messel,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F5CA761DFFDA6C0C44375E7D68C4FE8B" box="[787,905,268,294]" name="Germany" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and that of the modern Australian region (Burrows 1998). This is the first fossil record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDA6C0C45F75E436873FEE6" ID-CoL="6642" box="[723,830,306,331]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Nymphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA9EA9FFFDA6C0C45F75E436873FEE6" box="[723,830,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Nymphes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and so details of its change in distribution through the Cenozoic remain obscure (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADD4D0EFFDA6C0C452C5E2869DAFEDE" ID-CoL="DGD" box="[520,663,345,371]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also now established in North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F5CA761DFFDA6C0C430B5E286FDBFEDE" box="[1071,1174,345,371]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
for the first time; the biogeographic history of the family will be examined in a future work).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |