482 lines
41 KiB
XML
482 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.874.36656" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dd2f4d07-0f71-4ad8-9ec4-2b23adcfd91a" ID-PMC="PMC6733805" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-874-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="B8618D5B0A775293B9C5C1E469671A73" ID-PubMed="31537957" ID-ZooBank="AB241A7ACA504561B5576C8980436F95" ModsDocID="1313-2970-874-1" checkinTime="1567484360010" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Chuang, Angela, Gates, Michael W., Grinsted, Lena, Askew, Richard & Leppanen, Christy" docDate="2019" docId="9A480597130D5328976CEB2F801CE3CA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 874: 1-18" docOrigin="ZooKeys 874" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.874.36656" docTitle="Philolema palanichamyi Narendran" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="B8618D5B0A775293B9C5C1E469671A73" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="B8618D5B0A775293B9C5C1E469671A73" masterDocTitle="Two hymenopteran egg sac associates of the tent-web orbweaving spider, Cyrtophora citricola (Forskal, 1775) (Araneae, Araneidae)" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1668167775904" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two hymenopteran egg sac associates of the tent-web orbweaving spider, Cyrtophora citricola (Forskal, 1775) (Araneae, Araneidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chuang, Angela</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gates, Michael W.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Grinsted, Lena</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Askew, Richard</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Leppanen, Christy</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>874</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>18</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.874.36656</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.874.36656</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-874-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">AB241A7ACA504561B5576C8980436F95</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159359104" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A480597130D5328976CEB2F801CE3CA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A480597130D5328976CEB2F801CE3CA" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName LSID="9A480597130D5328976CEB2F801CE3CA" authority="Narendran" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Philolema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philolema palanichamyi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palanichamyi">Philolema palanichamyi Narendran</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–8" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 7 - 8. Philolema palanichamyi 7 female holotype 8 female habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures7-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/329922" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures7-8">Figs 7</figureCitation>
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-
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–16" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 9 - 16. Philolema palanichamyi 9 female, anterior head 10 female antenna 11 female dorsal mesosoma 12 female mesosoma, lateral 13 female ventral mesosoma 14 female fore wing 15 female petiole 16 male antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures9-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/329923" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures9-16">16</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Re-description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Based on female holotype (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–8" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 7 - 8. Philolema palanichamyi 7 female holotype 8 female habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures7-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/329922" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures7-8">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–8" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 7 - 8. Philolema palanichamyi 7 female holotype 8 female habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures7-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/329922" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures7-8">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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: female from specimens reared during this study, not used in re-description). Length 2.2 mm. Body black except the following: scape, pedicel, apex femur, apex and base tibia (yellowish brown to brown), tarsus (golden), flagellum, mid coxa, femur, and tibia (brown). Ovipositor sheaths brown. Wings hyaline, setation pale. Venation golden.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures7-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/329922" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="Figures 7–8" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figures 7-8.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Philolema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philolema palanichamyi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palanichamyi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Philolema palanichamyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">7</emphasis>
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female holotype
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">8</emphasis>
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female habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Head</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–16" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 9 - 16. Philolema palanichamyi 9 female, anterior head 10 female antenna 11 female dorsal mesosoma 12 female mesosoma, lateral 13 female ventral mesosoma 14 female fore wing 15 female petiole 16 male antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures9-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/329923" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures9-16">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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). 1.43
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as broad as long, broader than mesosoma. Eye 1.08
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as malar space. POL 2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as large as OOL; the latter 1.88
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as large as POD. Malar space 0.93
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as width of oral fossa and equal to height of eyes. Distance between toruli 1.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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their own diameter. Adscrobal area subequal in width to acarinate antennal scrobes. Lower face striate, clypeus emarginate. Malar space with groove in dorsal half below eye, continuous with striation. Gena striate to umbilicate.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures9-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/329923" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="Figures 9–16" startId="F5">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figures 9-16.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Philolema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philolema palanichamyi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palanichamyi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Philolema palanichamyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">9</emphasis>
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female, anterior head
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">10</emphasis>
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female antenna
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">11</emphasis>
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female dorsal mesosoma
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">12</emphasis>
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female mesosoma, lateral
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">13</emphasis>
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female ventral mesosoma
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">14</emphasis>
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female fore wing
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">15</emphasis>
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female petiole
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">16</emphasis>
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male antenna.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Antenna</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–16" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 9 - 16. Philolema palanichamyi 9 female, anterior head 10 female antenna 11 female dorsal mesosoma 12 female mesosoma, lateral 13 female ventral mesosoma 14 female fore wing 15 female petiole 16 male antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures9-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/329923" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures9-16">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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). Scape linear, 3.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as broad. Pedicel short, 1.29
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as broad. Funicle 6-segmented, setae decumbent. Fu1 1.30
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as broad, Fu2 just longer than broad, Fu3-5 quadrate. Funiculars with single row LS. Clava 2-segmented, 1.80
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as broad; bearing also the same pattern of LS as for the funiculars; segments fused, bearing two rows of LS.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mesosoma</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–16" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 9 - 16. Philolema palanichamyi 9 female, anterior head 10 female antenna 11 female dorsal mesosoma 12 female mesosoma, lateral 13 female ventral mesosoma 14 female fore wing 15 female petiole 16 male antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures9-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/329923" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures9-16">Figs 11</figureCitation>
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-
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–16" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 9 - 16. Philolema palanichamyi 9 female, anterior head 10 female antenna 11 female dorsal mesosoma 12 female mesosoma, lateral 13 female ventral mesosoma 14 female fore wing 15 female petiole 16 male antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures9-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/329923" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures9-16">13</figureCitation>
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). 1.71
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as broad. Pronotal collar 3.60
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as broad as long; mesoscutum 1.25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as broad as long; mesoscutellum 1.33
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as broad. Mesosoma dorsally umbilicate, interstices coriaceous. Notauli shallow, crenulate.
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">Puncturation</pageBreakToken>
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of mesoscutellum somewhat sparser than that of mid lobe of mesoscutum; mesoscutellum overhanging postscutellum. Axillar grooves crenulate, shallow. Postscutellum punctured mesally. Propodeum sloping at an angle of about 80° with main axis of mesosoma, evidently convex from side to side, with incomplete areolate stripe mesally delimited submedian ridges, on either side irregularly areolate; setation fine, erect and proclinate between the spiracles, dense very long and reclinate laterally; spiracle elliptic at posterior margin of metanotum. Tegula umbilicate. Prepectus with lateral panel glabrous. Mesopectus anteriorly depressed as scrobes to receive forecoxae,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">mesodiscrimen</pageBreakToken>
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produced as beak-like prominence (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–16" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 9 - 16. Philolema palanichamyi 9 female, anterior head 10 female antenna 11 female dorsal mesosoma 12 female mesosoma, lateral 13 female ventral mesosoma 14 female fore wing 15 female petiole 16 male antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures9-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/329923" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures9-16">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
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, red arrow), scrobes glabrous anteriorly becoming coriaceous, adscrobal area umbilicate dorsally, coriaceous below; mesepisternum with femoral scrobe finely and densely reticulate; mesepimeron reticulate-carinate on ventral 1/3, with longitudinal carinae in dorsal 2/3. Metepimeron umbilicate, setae dense and long. Mesotrochantinal plate entirely sclerotized, its anterior carinate margin emarginate at mesofurcal pit. Metepisternum with lateral lobes anterad metacoxal foramina that overhang metafurcal pits.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Legs</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–16" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 9 - 16. Philolema palanichamyi 9 female, anterior head 10 female antenna 11 female dorsal mesosoma 12 female mesosoma, lateral 13 female ventral mesosoma 14 female fore wing 15 female petiole 16 male antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures9-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/329923" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures9-16">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
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). Procoxa depressed anteriorly with diagonal carina delimiting depression (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–16" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 9 - 16. Philolema palanichamyi 9 female, anterior head 10 female antenna 11 female dorsal mesosoma 12 female mesosoma, lateral 13 female ventral mesosoma 14 female fore wing 15 female petiole 16 male antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures9-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/329923" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures9-16">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
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, blue arrow). Mesocoxa without lamella. Metacoxa bare dorsobasally, mostly coriaceous to finely reticulate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Forewing</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–16" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 9 - 16. Philolema palanichamyi 9 female, anterior head 10 female antenna 11 female dorsal mesosoma 12 female mesosoma, lateral 13 female ventral mesosoma 14 female fore wing 15 female petiole 16 male antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures9-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/329923" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures9-16">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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). Setation fine and pale making wing appear sparsely setose, MV:PMV:STG as 20:25:19. Stigma with line of four sensilla placodea; parastigma bearing 3 adjacent sensilla placodea forming a triangle. Cubital and basal folds setose; basal cell with 3-6 irregularly distributed setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Petiole</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–16" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 9 - 16. Philolema palanichamyi 9 female, anterior head 10 female antenna 11 female dorsal mesosoma 12 female mesosoma, lateral 13 female ventral mesosoma 14 female fore wing 15 female petiole 16 male antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures9-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/329923" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures9-16">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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). In dorsal view just longer than broad, carinate anteriorly and produced anterolaterally as angulate processes, surface rugulose.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gaster.</emphasis>
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Smooth dorsally, very faintly alutaceous laterally, just shorter than mesosoma, Gt4 longest tergum, ~2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as Gt3. Gt1 and Gt2 asetose, Gt3 and Gt4 with a few setae dorsolaterally [some appear to have been abraded], Gt5 and Gt6 and syntergum more densely setose.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Male</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–16" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 9 - 16. Philolema palanichamyi 9 female, anterior head 10 female antenna 11 female dorsal mesosoma 12 female mesosoma, lateral 13 female ventral mesosoma 14 female fore wing 15 female petiole 16 male antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures9-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/329923" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures9-16">Figs 16</figureCitation>
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-
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 17–19" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 17 - 19. Philolema palanichamyi 17 male petiole, lateral 18 male petiole, dorsal 19 Dissected C. citricola egg sac, blue arrow = dried, consumed spider eggs, red arrow = dead Ph. palanichamyi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures17-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/329924" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures17-19">18</figureCitation>
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). Similar to female in color and sculpture, differing in form of antenna and metasoma as below.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures17-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/329924" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="Figures 17–19" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figures 17-19.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Philolema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philolema palanichamyi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palanichamyi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Philolema palanichamyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">17</emphasis>
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male petiole, lateral
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">18</emphasis>
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male petiole, dorsal
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">19</emphasis>
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Dissected
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. citricola" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="citricola">
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||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. citricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
egg sac, blue arrow = dried, consumed spider eggs, red arrow = dead
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ph. palanichamyi" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="palanichamyi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ph. palanichamyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Antenna</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–16" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 9 - 16. Philolema palanichamyi 9 female, anterior head 10 female antenna 11 female dorsal mesosoma 12 female mesosoma, lateral 13 female ventral mesosoma 14 female fore wing 15 female petiole 16 male antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures9-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/329923" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures9-16">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scape 2.11
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as broad, with smooth surface on protuberant ventral plaque bearing pores (visible under high magnification only) on apical two thirds. Pedicel 1.50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as broad. Funicle 5-segmented with funiculars progressively shortening, each funicular with two whorls of long setae and a single row of LS visible; F1-3 asymmetric themselves progressively shortening; Fu4-5 symmetric, subquadrate. Clava 2-segmented, 2.30
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as broad.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Petiole</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 17–19" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 17 - 19. Philolema palanichamyi 17 male petiole, lateral 18 male petiole, dorsal 19 Dissected C. citricola egg sac, blue arrow = dried, consumed spider eggs, red arrow = dead Ph. palanichamyi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures17-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/329924" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures17-19">Figs 17</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 17–19" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 17 - 19. Philolema palanichamyi 17 male petiole, lateral 18 male petiole, dorsal 19 Dissected C. citricola egg sac, blue arrow = dried, consumed spider eggs, red arrow = dead Ph. palanichamyi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures17-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/329924" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures17-19">18</figureCitation>
|
||
). 1.66
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as broad, slightly carinate anteriorly, its surface reticulate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gaster.</emphasis>
|
||
Smooth dorsally, very faintly alutaceous laterally, somewhat shorter than mesosoma, Gt4 longest tergum, ~1.25
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as Gt3. Gt1 and Gt2 asetose, Gt3 and Gt4 with a few setae dorsolaterally [some appear to have been abraded], Gt5 and Gt6 and syntergum more densely setose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens vary greatly in size from approximately 0.8-2.5 mm total length. Prominence and extent of morphological characters diminishes with decreasing body size; for example, general body sculpture is less apparent in small specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
, ♀: INDIA: Timadu, Palani, 1992, coll. Palanichamy, Host
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Cyrtophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyrtophora cicatrosa" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cicatrosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cyrtophora cicatrosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(spider);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">holotype</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Desantisca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Desantisca palanichamyi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palanichamyi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Desantisca palanichamyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
♀, sp. nov., det. Narendran 1983; B.M. TYPE HYM 5.3060; NHMUK013455729 (BMNH).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Paratype</emphasis>
|
||
, ♂: INDIA: Timadu, Palani, 1992, coll. Palanichamy, Host
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Cyrtophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyrtophora cicatrosa" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cicatrosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cyrtophora cicatrosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(spider);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">paratype</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Desantisca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Desantisca palanichamyi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palanichamyi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Desantisca palanichamyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
♂ sp. nov., det. Narendran 1983 (USNM).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Other material</emphasis>
|
||
, SPAIN: Murcia: Murcia, 5.VI.2016,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="37.9176" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="37.9176">37.9176N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
-
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1.20633" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-1.20633">1.20633W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, A. Chuang, Lot #593 (88 ♀♀, 15 ♂♂), Lot#971-16 (6 ♀♀);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Málaga">Malaga</normalizedToken>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mál">Mal</normalizedToken>
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="start">aga</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, 8.VI.2016,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="36.73705" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.73705">36.73705N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
-
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.40486" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-4.40486">4.40486W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, A. Chuang, Lot #609-1 (108 ♀♀, 25 ♂♂), Lot#956-16 (7 ♀♀), Lot #615 (16 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cádiz">Cadiz</normalizedToken>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cádiz">Cadiz</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 13.VI.2016,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="36.31301" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.31301">36.31301N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
-
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5.8865" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-5.8865">5.8865W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, A. Chuang, Lot #627-1 (27 ♀♀, 4 ♂♂);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cádiz">Cadiz</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 16.VI.2016,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="36.29552" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.29552">36.29552N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
-
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.0748" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-6.0748">6.0748W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, A. Chuang, Lot #637-4 (14 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂), Lot#926-1 (8 ♀♀, 1 ♂); Tenerife:
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="28.07608" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="28.07608">28.07608N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
-
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.6483" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-16.6483">16.6483W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Lot#899-A (15 ♀♀, 4 ♂). All deposited in USNM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="recognition">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Recognition.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
This species can be distinguished from the widespread
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Philolema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philolema latrodecti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latrodecti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Philolema latrodecti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fullaway, 1953 by the suberect flagellar setation (females only, adpressed in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ph. palanichamyi" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species" species="palanichamyi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ph. palanichamyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and smaller ventral plaque (males only, less than half the depth seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ph. palanichamyi" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species" species="palanichamyi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ph. palanichamyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Usually, the sculpture of the tegula is much more distinct in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Philolema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philolema latrodecti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latrodecti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Philolema latrodecti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Also,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ph. palanichamyi" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species" species="palanichamyi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ph. palanichamyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from the eggs of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Cyrtophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyrtophora" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cyrtophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. while
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ph. latrodecti" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species" species="latrodecti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ph. latrodecti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from the eggs of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Latrodectus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Latrodectus" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Latrodectus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Egg predator (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 17–19" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 17 - 19. Philolema palanichamyi 17 male petiole, lateral 18 male petiole, dorsal 19 Dissected C. citricola egg sac, blue arrow = dried, consumed spider eggs, red arrow = dead Ph. palanichamyi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures17-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/329924" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.36656.figures17-19">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
) of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Cyrtophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyrtophora" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cyrtophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Chalcidoidea" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="order">Araneae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Araneidae" lsidName="" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="family">Araneidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="pediobius species group pyrgo">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pediobius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="11" start="start">Pediobius</pageBreakToken>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Chalcidoidea" lsidName="Chalcidoidea pyrgo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="pyrgo">pyrgo</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
We examined 4♀♀ and 3♂♂ of a
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pediobius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pediobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. citricola" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="citricola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. citricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
egg sacs collected by AC on Tenerife in the Canary Islands in May 2018. These specimens closely resemble material identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Pe. pyrgo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="pyrgo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pe. pyrgo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Walker) from England and elsewhere in Europe reared from lepidopteran hosts as primary or very often secondary parasitoids. Only small and probably insignificant differences could be found. It seems best to regard the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pediobius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pediobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
material reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Cyrtophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyrtophora" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cyrtophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
egg sacs collected in Tenerife as probably
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Pe. pyrgo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="pyrgo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pe. pyrgo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
until more material is available for morphological and molecular analyses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
As currently understood,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Pe. pyrgo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="pyrgo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pe. pyrgo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported from an unusually broad range of primary hosts (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Noyes, JS" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Applied Entomology" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" publicationUrl="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids" refId="B40" refString="Noyes, JS, 2018. . http://www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids" url="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids" year="2018">Noyes 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) that it attacks directly or as a facultative hyperparasitoid.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Chalcidoidea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the most frequently recorded hosts, but
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Chalcidoidea" order="Dermaptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="order">Dermaptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Chalcidoidea" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Chalcidoidea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
have also been reported. Larvae or pupae from thirteen families of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Chalcidoidea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including leaf-miners, web spinners, case-bearers, as well as exposed feeders are known as hosts. However, in many instances it is their parasitoids that are attacked by
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Pe. pyrgo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="pyrgo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pe. pyrgo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially ichneumonoid
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Chalcidoidea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
but also other chalcidoids (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Eulophidae" lsidName="" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Pteromalidae" lsidName="" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pediobius pyrgo" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrgo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pediobius pyrgo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a solitary or slightly gregarious endoparasitoid of larvae and pupae, and it has been described as a koinobiont larva/pupal parasitoid of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lyonetiidae" genus="Leucoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucoptera" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Leucoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lep.,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Lyonetiidae" lsidName="" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="family">Lyonetiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1993.tb00399.x" author="Mey, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Applied Entomology" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="329 - 341" refId="B37" refString="Mey, W, 1993. Zur Parasitierung der Pfennigminiermotte, Leucopteramalifoliella (Costa), (Lep., Lyonetiidae) im Havellaendischen Obstbaugebiet. . Journal of Applied Entomology 115: 329 - 341" title="Zur Parasitierung der Pfennigminiermotte, Leucopteramalifoliella (Costa), (Lep., Lyonetiidae) im Havellaendischen Obstbaugebiet." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1993.tb00399.x" volume="115" year="1993">Mey 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is widespread in the Palaearctic and Oriental regions with a few New World records from North, South, and Central America.
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v8i1.470" author="Schoeninger, K" journalOrPublisher="Entomo Brasilis" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="79 - 81" refId="B46" refString="Schoeninger, K, de Padua, DG, Salvatierra, L, de Oliveira, LM, 2015. First Record of Pediobiuspyrgo Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in South America and its emergence from egg sacs of Latrodectusgeometricus CL Koch (Araneae: Theridiidae). . Entomo Brasilis 8: 79 - 81" title="First Record of Pediobiuspyrgo Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in South America and its emergence from egg sacs of Latrodectusgeometricus CL Koch (Araneae: Theridiidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v8i1.470" volume="8" year="2015">Schoeninger et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
record
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Pe. pyrgo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="pyrgo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pe. pyrgo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Latrodectus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Latrodectus" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Latrodectus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
eggs sacs in South America, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Pe. brachycerus" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="brachycerus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pe. brachycerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Thomson) and a few other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pediobius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pediobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known to be associated with spider egg sacs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boucek, Z" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="5 - 90" refId="B7" refString="Boucek, Z, 1965. Studies of European Eulophidae, IV: Pediobius Walk. and two allied genera (Hymenoptera). . Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 36: 5 - 90" title="Studies of European Eulophidae, IV: Pediobius Walk. and two allied genera (Hymenoptera)." volume="36" year="1965">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
|
||
1965
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Noyes, JS" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Applied Entomology" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" publicationUrl="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids" refId="B40" refString="Noyes, JS, 2018. . http://www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids" url="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids" year="2018">Noyes 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but these do not belong to the species group
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Chalcidoidea" lsidName="Chalcidoidea pyrgo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="pyrgo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">pyrgo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |