275 lines
34 KiB
XML
275 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="630427AA3115CF7952ABBE4368D1CB20" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4803.2.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3909109" ID-ZooBank="325DB7EF-94F7-4726-BC18-7B074D3CB886" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1593158469765" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jones, Christian M., Driggers Iii, William B., Hannan, Kristin M., Hoffmayer, Eric R., Jones, Lisa M. & Raredon, Sandra J." docDate="2020" docId="0391567A6672FFC3FF0B020D6BE499E6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4803.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4803 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhinoptera brasiliensis Muller 1836" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="302" masterDocId="FFA82E026666FFD6FF9C0710685E9811" masterDocTitle="An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyan fishes inhabiting the northern Gulf of Mexico Part 1: Batoidea" masterLastPageNumber="315" masterPageNumber="281" pageNumber="301" updateTime="1700277151863" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="798B62F4AC4507199E3BDBC2DB3C38E3">An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyan fishes inhabiting the northern Gulf of Mexico Part 1: Batoidea</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3D75EB9CB0E83C0FF906C59C028026B4" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F335F6734EFB9A71BA31703D6AFC9E8D">Jones, Christian M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BE6241B9236C1C15AF7BB8B57F15E98B">National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Mississippi Laboratories, 3209 Frederic Street, Pascagoula, Mississippi, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3F0648E3D32B6216EC5175D13ECB23C0">Driggers Iii, William B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="682C8D96E98B49719545882AA9790E75">Hannan, Kristin M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="44269415B19D25CE77880591A3C7CE3C">Riverside Technologies Inc., Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Mississippi Laboratories, 3209 Frederic Street, Pascagoula, Mississippi, U. S. A. kristin. hannan @ noaa. gov; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2687 - 3331</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="882C042805D0E42DA7560256BFE77FB3">Hoffmayer, Eric R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2B5285600CD886AC141CE0741D9810F1">Jones, Lisa M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9E4C7350E1667CDC5A9AEC4214DF5664">Raredon, Sandra J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F3B88DB2C0DA2D0B398F38B1F1CF069F">Smithsonian Institution, Division of Fishes, Museum Support Center, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, Maryland, U. S. A. raredons @ si. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8295 - 6000</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="8B07FEE7E9DC5F89157B53580161B927">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="11397E15BDA8AE7BCA55EF829D43BBC0">
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<mods:date id="2F0E9CE8C87487FF7E2D53C3914D4A38">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B0AFB4B0D96D6D810A1D7DAEDC6E05A0">2020-06-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="79A524DCF8B3741996E845F90D679A1B">4803</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="A2D42D20A8CD5BD76ABD18A904E83FA8">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E9103488326FDE0E2DCC4AB5D45C3C43" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4803.2.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B8D3DAC0528BB23595B417D29381A346" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AC91B967DDD8D6F836AD39497BE37164" type="Zenodo-Dep">3909109</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0391567A6672FFC3FF0B020D6BE499E6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0391567A6672FFC3FF0B020D6BE499E6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0391567A6672FFC3FF0B020D6BE499E6" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="302" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">
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<subSubSection id="C322B4E76672FFC2FF0B020D69199D65" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C6672FFC2FF0B020D6C2D9D29" blockId="20.[151,1139,1309,1336]" box="[151,1139,1309,1336]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">
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<heading id="D0CF50006672FFC2FF0B020D6C2D9D29" bold="true" box="[151,1139,1309,1336]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FF0B020D6C2D9D29" bold="true" box="[151,1139,1309,1336]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6672FFC2FF0B020D6A0D9D26" authority="Muller, 1836" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1836" box="[151,595,1309,1336]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Rhinoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FF0B020D69EE9D29" bold="true" box="[151,432,1309,1336]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Rhinoptera brasiliensis</emphasis>
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Müller, 1836
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</taxonomicName>
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—Brazilian cownose ray, ticon cownose ray
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C6672FFC2FF0B024C69199D65" blockId="20.[151,327,1372,1396]" box="[151,327,1372,1396]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Synonyms: None</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C322B4E76672FFC2FF0B028D6D599EED" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C6672FFC2FF0B028D6C099E32" blockId="20.[151,1437,1437,2040]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FF0B028D696F9DA9" bold="true" box="[151,305,1437,1464]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Distribution.</emphasis>
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This species is distributed throughout the northern GOM, from the Texas/
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<collectingCountry id="F32FA7FC6672FFC2FBEF028D6C969DA6" box="[1139,1224,1437,1463]" name="Mexico" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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border to southern Florida, although it appears to be more prevalent in the northwestern than the northeastern GOM. Although little is known of its habits in the northern GOM, being easily and historically confused with
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6672FFC2FB1902F56D399DEE" baseAuthorityName="Mitchill" baseAuthorityYear="1815" box="[1157,1383,1509,1535]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Rhinoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bonasus">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FB1902F56D399DEE" box="[1157,1383,1509,1535]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Rhinoptera bonasus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see above), it has been captured in near shore shallow waters out to waters
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<quantity id="4CC04A896672FFC2FC2901196BB09E35" box="[949,1006,1545,1572]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" unit="m" value="32.0">32 m</quantity>
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in depth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C6672FFC2FF5B013D6D599EED" blockId="20.[151,1437,1437,2040]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FF5B013D69869E59" bold="true" box="[199,472,1581,1608]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">First Record in GOM.</emphasis>
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The first record of this species in the northern GOM was reported by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6672FFC2FA97013D68BB9E7A" author="Naylor, G. J. P. & Caira, J. N. & Jensen, K. & Rosana, K. A. M. & White, W. T. & Last, P. R." pageId="20" pageNumber="301" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref19315" refString="Naylor, G. J. P., Caira, J. N., Jensen, K., Rosana, K. A. M., White, W. T. & Last, P. R. (2012) A DNA sequence based approach to the identification of shark and ray species and its implications for global elasmobranch diversity and parasitology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 367, 1 - 262, 102 figs., 5 tbs. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 754.1" type="book chapter" year="2012">
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Naylor
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FAFE013E6DC39E56" box="[1378,1437,1581,1607]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">et al.</emphasis>
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(2012)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. However, due to a lack of representative
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6672FFC2FD4401416BBC9E7A" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1836" box="[728,994,1617,1643]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Rhinoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
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||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FD4401416BBC9E7A" box="[728,994,1617,1643]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Rhinoptera brasiliensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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DNA in their database, and the close genetic relatedness between
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6672FFC2FE7C01656AB79E9E" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1836" box="[480,745,1653,1679]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Rhinoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
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||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FE7C01656AB79E9E" box="[480,745,1653,1679]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Rhinoptera brasiliensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6672FFC2FCB901656DC29E9E" authority="Evermann and Jenkins, 1901" authorityName="Evermann and Jenkins" authorityYear="1901" box="[805,1436,1653,1680]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Rhinoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steindachneri">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FCB901656C1B9E9E" box="[805,1093,1653,1679]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Rhinoptera steindachneri</emphasis>
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Evermann and Jenkins, 1901
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6672FFC2FF03018969039EA2" author="Jones, C. M. & Hoffmayer, E. R. & Hendon, J. M. & Quattro, J. M. & Lewandowski, J. & Roberts, M. A. & Poulakis, G. R. & Ajemian, M. J. & Driggers, W. B. & de Carvalho, M. R. & Rego, M. G. & Hazin, F. H. V. & Marquez-Farias, J. F." box="[159,349,1689,1715]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" pagination="499 - 514" refId="ref18195" refString="Jones, C. M., Hoffmayer, E. R., Hendon, J. M., Quattro, J. M., Lewandowski, J., Roberts, M. A., Poulakis, G. R., Ajemian, M. J., Driggers, W. B., de Carvalho, M. R., Rego, M. G., Hazin, F. H. V. & Marquez-Farias, J. F. (2017) Morphological conservation of rays in the genus Rhinoptera (Elasmobranchii, Rhinopteridae) conceals the occurrence of a large batoid, Rhinoptera brasiliensis Muller, in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa, 4286 (4), 499 - 514. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4286.4.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Jones
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||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FF79018A69429EA2" box="[229,284,1689,1715]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">et al.</emphasis>
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2017
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</bibRefCitation>
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), those authors identified anomalous individuals from the northern GOM that were divergent from
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6672FFC2FF0B01AD69299EC6" baseAuthorityName="Mitchill" baseAuthorityYear="1815" box="[151,375,1725,1751]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Rhinoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bonasus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FF0B01AD69299EC6" box="[151,375,1725,1751]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Rhinoptera bonasus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6672FFC2FE0701AD6A479EC6" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[411,537,1725,1751]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Rhinoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FE0701AD6A479EC6" box="[411,537,1725,1751]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Rhinoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
c.f.
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||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FDD601AD6AB79EC6" box="[586,745,1725,1751]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6672FFC2FDD601AD6ABB9EC6" authorityName="Evermann and Jenkins" authorityYear="1901" box="[586,741,1725,1751]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Rhinoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steindachneri">steindachneri</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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||
as
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6672FFC2FC9101AD6C779EC6" authorityName="Evermann and Jenkins" authorityYear="1901" box="[781,1065,1725,1751]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Rhinoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steindachneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FC9101AD6C779EC6" box="[781,1065,1725,1751]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Rhinoptera steindachneri</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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was the closest matching species represented in their dataset.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6672FFC2FE4E01F26AFF9EEA" author="Jones, C. M. & Hoffmayer, E. R. & Hendon, J. M. & Quattro, J. M. & Lewandowski, J. & Roberts, M. A. & Poulakis, G. R. & Ajemian, M. J. & Driggers, W. B. & de Carvalho, M. R. & Rego, M. G. & Hazin, F. H. V. & Marquez-Farias, J. F." box="[466,673,1761,1788]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" pagination="499 - 514" refId="ref18195" refString="Jones, C. M., Hoffmayer, E. R., Hendon, J. M., Quattro, J. M., Lewandowski, J., Roberts, M. A., Poulakis, G. R., Ajemian, M. J., Driggers, W. B., de Carvalho, M. R., Rego, M. G., Hazin, F. H. V. & Marquez-Farias, J. F. (2017) Morphological conservation of rays in the genus Rhinoptera (Elasmobranchii, Rhinopteridae) conceals the occurrence of a large batoid, Rhinoptera brasiliensis Muller, in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa, 4286 (4), 499 - 514. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4286.4.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Jones
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FD8B01F26A0E9EEA" box="[535,592,1761,1787]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
verified the second species as
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6672FFC2FC6601F16D5E9EEA" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1836" box="[1018,1280,1761,1787]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Rhinoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FC6601F16D5E9EEA" box="[1018,1280,1761,1787]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Rhinoptera brasiliensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C322B4E76672FFC3FF5B00166BE499E6" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="302" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C6672FFC3FF5B00166D2299BE" blockId="20.[151,1437,1437,2040]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,153,503]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="302" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FF5B001669659F31" bold="true" box="[199,315,1798,1824]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
As stated above, recent studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6672FFC2FD3A00156B289F0E" author="Naylor, G. J. P. & Caira, J. N. & Jensen, K. & Rosana, K. A. M. & White, W. T. & Last, P. R." box="[678,886,1797,1824]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref19315" refString="Naylor, G. J. P., Caira, J. N., Jensen, K., Rosana, K. A. M., White, W. T. & Last, P. R. (2012) A DNA sequence based approach to the identification of shark and ray species and its implications for global elasmobranch diversity and parasitology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 367, 1 - 262, 102 figs., 5 tbs. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 754.1" type="book chapter" year="2012">
|
||
Naylor
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FD6100166B739F0E" box="[765,813,1797,1823]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6672FFC2FC1C00166C639F0E" author="Jones, C. M. & Hoffmayer, E. R. & Hendon, J. M. & Quattro, J. M. & Lewandowski, J. & Roberts, M. A. & Poulakis, G. R. & Ajemian, M. J. & Driggers, W. B. & de Carvalho, M. R. & Rego, M. G. & Hazin, F. H. V. & Marquez-Farias, J. F." box="[896,1085,1797,1824]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" pagination="499 - 514" refId="ref18195" refString="Jones, C. M., Hoffmayer, E. R., Hendon, J. M., Quattro, J. M., Lewandowski, J., Roberts, M. A., Poulakis, G. R., Ajemian, M. J., Driggers, W. B., de Carvalho, M. R., Rego, M. G., Hazin, F. H. V. & Marquez-Farias, J. F. (2017) Morphological conservation of rays in the genus Rhinoptera (Elasmobranchii, Rhinopteridae) conceals the occurrence of a large batoid, Rhinoptera brasiliensis Muller, in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa, 4286 (4), 499 - 514. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4286.4.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Jones
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FC5900166BA39F0E" box="[965,1021,1797,1823]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) have indicated the presence of this species in the northern GOM. This species is morphologically very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6672FFC2FBAD00396D4C9F52" baseAuthorityName="Mitchill" baseAuthorityYear="1815" box="[1073,1298,1833,1859]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Rhinoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bonasus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FBAD00396D4C9F52" box="[1073,1298,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Rhinoptera bonasus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the two species are therefore difficult to differentiate without detailed examination and/or genetic verification. It is likely, based upon historic reports (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6672FFC2FE4C00616B489F9D" author="Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C." box="[464,790,1905,1932]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" pagination="1 - 514" refId="ref15696" refString="Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1953) Sawfishes, guitarfishes, skates and rays. Chimaeroids. In: Tee-Van, J., Breder, C. M., Hildebrand, S. F., Parr, A. E. & Schroeder, W. C. (Eds.), Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Part 2. Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale Univ., New Haven, pp. 1 - 514. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / j. ctvbcd 0 f 3.5" type="book chapter" year="1953">Bigelow and Schroeder 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6672FFC2FC8300626C749F9A" author="Acero, A. P. & Garzon, J. F." box="[799,1066,1905,1932]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" pagination="9 - 11" refId="ref15293" refString="Acero, A. P. & Garzon, J. F. (1982) On an interesting specimen of cow nose ray (Pisces: Rhinopteridae) from the colombian Caribbean. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 31 (2), 9 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0373 - 55241982000200003" type="journal article" year="1982">Acero and Garzon 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6672FFC2FBA800616D3E9F9D" author="Isais, M. G. & Dominguez, H. M. M." box="[1076,1376,1905,1932]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" pagination="947 - 948" refId="ref18112" refString="Isais, M. G. & Dominguez, H. M. M. (1996) First record of Rhinoptera brasiliensis (Batoidei: Rhinopteridae) in Veracruz, Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44 (2 B), 947 - 948." type="journal article" year="1996">Isaís and Dominguez 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6672FFC2FF0B008569C29FBE" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1836" box="[151,412,1941,1967]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Rhinoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FF0B008569C29FBE" box="[151,412,1941,1967]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Rhinoptera brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been present in the northern GOM for several decades, if not longer. It has been suggest- ed (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FF5E00AA68B59FC2" box="[194,235,1978,2003]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6672FFC2FF6E00A969E59FC2" author="Fricke, R. & Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R." box="[242,443,1977,2003]" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" refId="ref17155" refString="Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (Eds.) (2019) Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Available from: http: // researcharchive. calacademy. org / research / ichthyology / catalog / fishcatmain. asp (accessed 20 March 2019)" type="url" year="2019">
|
||
Fricke
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FEDD00AA69249FC2" box="[321,378,1977,2003]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6672FFC2FE6700AA6B939FC2" authority="Muller and Henle, 1841" authorityName="Muller and Henle" authorityYear="1841" box="[507,973,1977,2003]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FE6700AA6AE69FC2" box="[507,696,1977,2003]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Raja brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
Müller and Henle, 1841
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6672FFC2FB1300A96DCB9FC2" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1836" box="[1167,1429,1977,2003]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Rhinoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FB1300A96DCB9FC2" box="[1167,1429,1977,2003]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Rhinoptera brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, Müller and Henle (1841) clearly describe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6672FFC2FD4400CE6BCA9FE6" authorityName="Muller and Henle" authorityYear="1841" box="[728,916,2013,2039]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6672FFC2FD4400CE6BCA9FE6" box="[728,916,2013,2039]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="301">Raja brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a rajiform skate, claiming that it “could be a variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6673FFC3FE82078A69E398A2" box="[286,445,153,179]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6673FFC3FE82078A69E398A2" box="[286,445,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="302">Raja undulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (Müller and Henle 1841, our translation). As the only specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6673FFC3FB33078A6D3598A2" authorityName="Muller and Henle" authorityYear="1841" box="[1199,1387,153,179]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6673FFC3FB33078A6D3598A2" box="[1199,1387,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="302">Raja brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was destroyed during World War II (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6673FFC3FE6407AD6A9C98C6" author="Fricke, R. & Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R." box="[504,706,189,215]" pageId="21" pageNumber="302" refId="ref17155" refString="Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (Eds.) (2019) Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Available from: http: // researcharchive. calacademy. org / research / ichthyology / catalog / fishcatmain. asp (accessed 20 March 2019)" type="url" year="2019">
|
||
Fricke
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6673FFC3FDD407AE6ADE98C6" box="[584,640,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="302">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), its exact identity may never be known. It is clear, however, from the description that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6673FFC3FEE807F26A6E98EA" authorityName="Muller and Henle" authorityYear="1841" box="[372,560,225,251]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6673FFC3FEE807F26A6E98EA" box="[372,560,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="302">Raja brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6673FFC3FCA607F16C6198EA" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1836" box="[826,1087,225,251]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Rhinoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6673FFC3FCA607F16C6198EA" box="[826,1087,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="302">Rhinoptera brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6673FFC3FB5E07F16965990E" authority="(Cuvier, 1829)" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1829" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Rhinoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jussieui">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6673FFC3FB5E07F16DC398EA" box="[1218,1437,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="302">Rhinoptera jussieui</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6673FFC3FF030615696D990E" author="Cuvier, G. L. C. F. D." box="[159,307,261,287]" pageId="21" pageNumber="302" refId="ref16497" refString="Cuvier, G. L. C. F. D. (1829) Le regne animal, distribue d'apres son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a l'anatomie comparee. 2 nd Edition. Deterville, de l'Impr. de A. Belin, Paris, 584 pp." type="book" year="1829">Cuvier, 1829</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been used by many authors (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6673FFC3FD7C06156B23990E" author="Gunther, A." box="[736,893,261,287]" pageId="21" pageNumber="302" refId="ref17830" refString="Gunther, A. (1870) Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Vol. 8. British Museum (Natural History), Department of Zoology, London, 549 pp." type="book" year="1870">Gunther 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6673FFC3FC1506156C7D990E" author="Garman, S." box="[905,1059,261,287]" pageId="21" pageNumber="302" pagination="1 - 528" refId="ref17374" refString="Garman, S. (1913) The Plagiostomia (Sharks, Skates and Rays). Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 36, 1 - 528, 77 pls." type="book chapter" year="1913">Garman 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as synonymous with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6673FFC3FA82061569469952" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1836" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Rhinoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6673FFC3FA82061569469952" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="302">Rhinoptera brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6673FFC3FE0506396A159952" author="Cuvier, G. L. C. F. D." box="[409,587,297,323]" pageId="21" pageNumber="302" refId="ref16497" refString="Cuvier, G. L. C. F. D. (1829) Le regne animal, distribue d'apres son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a l'anatomie comparee. 2 nd Edition. Deterville, de l'Impr. de A. Belin, Paris, 584 pp." type="book" year="1829">Cuvier’s (1829)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
use of the name (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6673FFC3FCB3063A6B9F9952" box="[815,961,298,323]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jussieui">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6673FFC3FCB3063A6B9F9952" box="[815,961,298,323]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="302">Raja jussieui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is in reference to a specimen (jaws) illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6673FFC3FE9C065D69FF9976" author="Jussieu, A. L." box="[256,417,333,359]" pageId="21" pageNumber="302" pagination="322 - 324" refId="ref18408" refString="Jussieu, A. L. (1721) Recherches physiques sur les petrifications qui se trouvent en France de divers parties de plantes et d'animaux extrangers. Memoires de l'Academine Royale des Sciences, 69 - 75, 322 - 324." type="journal article" year="1721">Jussieu (1721)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
which the later author describes as originating from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32FA7FC6673FFC3FC70065D6C6D9976" box="[1004,1075,333,359]" name="China" pageId="21" pageNumber="302">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This may mean that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6673FFC3FA82065D68B3999A" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1829" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Rhinoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jussieui">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6673FFC3FA82065D68B3999A" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="302">Rhinoptera jussieui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the valid name for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6673FFC3FE7706616BB0999A" authority="Muller and Henle, 1841" authorityName="Muller and Henle" authorityYear="1841" box="[491,1006,369,395]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Rhinoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6673FFC3FE7706616A8C999A" box="[491,722,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="302">Rhinoptera javanica</emphasis>
|
||
Müller and Henle, 1841
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but certainly precludes it from being accepted as synonymous with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6673FFC3FE7006856AAC99BE" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1836" box="[492,754,405,431]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Rhinoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6673FFC3FE7006856AAC99BE" box="[492,754,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="302">Rhinoptera brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as that species is restricted to the western Atlantic Ocean.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87E76C6673FFC3FF5B06A86BE499E6" blockId="21.[151,1437,153,503]" pageId="21" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6673FFC3FF5B06A869E199C2" bold="true" box="[199,447,440,467]" pageId="21" pageNumber="302">Conservation Status.</emphasis>
|
||
Endangered, although this status will likely change as their known range has been greatly expanded to include waters where they are less exposed to exploitation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |