828 lines
95 KiB
XML
828 lines
95 KiB
XML
<document id="92151DFDB93FE2B953BCABE4A09A50AE" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.211232" ID-GBIF-Dataset="60080847-1fe5-484a-a8c7-fa91f24cf878" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="211232" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460557209516" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Altuna, Álvaro" docDate="2012" docId="7B4A87E0FFAAFF92CA99B2DAEADA26AE" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03565p017.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3565" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Zygophylax africana Stechow 1923" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="8773FF98FFAEFF94CA0EB20DE87C210B" masterDocTitle="New records of bathyal Leptolida (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Leptothecata) from the Bay of Biscay and the northwestern Iberian Peninsula (northeastern Atlantic)" masterLastPageNumber="17" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698319490909" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6AFC210140B6A6DFC5F7503187CD2376">
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<mods:title id="F77A2A6899258745D5160FC442CCD023">New records of bathyal Leptolida (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Leptothecata) from the Bay of Biscay and the northwestern Iberian Peninsula (northeastern Atlantic)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9B4E4CA66A44E2F7E4D9BEEE29D8FB70">Altuna, Álvaro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="03D6264CAC05090AC34ED3EDEDC9EF43">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B324D2862EFBCCDA5855BBDE8BE39DF0">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="113CEE4AAB3BD60B610E3A6C01696A9F" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="229983F375D3C4B836FD5CFD6E16737A">3565</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D2BDB757F6235337E02A6932579E5FAA" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.211232</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7B4A87E0FFAAFF92CA99B2DAEADA26AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6173020" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119555922" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6173020" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B4A87E0FFAAFF92CA99B2DAEADA26AE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B4A87E0FFAAFF92CA99B2DAEADA26AE" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="BBF9657DFFAAFF90CA99B2DAE9882019" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F35C36F6FFAAFF90CA99B2DAEA3421FA" blockId="4.[151,584,215,274]" box="[151,584,215,241]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<heading id="A814819AFFAAFF90CA99B2DAEA3421FA" bold="true" box="[151,584,215,241]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFAAFF90CA99B2DAEA3421FA" authority="Stechow, 1923" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,584,215,241]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
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<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFAAFF90CA99B2DAEA3421FA" bold="true" box="[151,584,215,241]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFAAFF90CA99B2DAE9EE21FA" bold="true" box="[151,402,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Zygophylax africana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFAAFF90CB94B2DAEA3421FA" author="Stechow" box="[410,584,215,241]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Stechow, E. (1923) Neue Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige andre Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 53, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1923">Stechow, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="F35C36F6FFAAFF90CA99B2F7E9882019" blockId="4.[151,584,215,274]" box="[151,500,250,274]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">(fig. 2A–D, fig. 3A–D, table 2)</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="BBF9657DFFAAFF90CA99B331EACD20A5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="F35C36F6FFAAFF90CA99B331EACD20A5" blockId="4.[151,1437,315,430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="D3F311D8FFAAFF90CA99B331EACD20A5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFAAFF90CA99B331EA4C205A" authority="Stechow, 1923: 106" authorityName="Stechow" authorityPageNumber="106" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,560,315,338]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFAAFF90CA99B331E9192059" box="[151,357,316,338]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Zygophylax africana</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="724210E7FFAAFF90CB62B336EA4C205A" author="Stechow" box="[364,560,315,337]" page="106" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1923">
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<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFAAFF90CB62B336EA7E205A" author="Stechow" box="[364,514,315,337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Stechow, E. (1923) Neue Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige andre Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 53, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1923">Stechow, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 106
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="724210E7FFAAFF90C843B336EB6B205A" author="Stechow" box="[589,791,315,337]" page="445" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1925">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFAAFF90C843B336EA9A205A" author="Stechow" box="[589,742,315,337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Stechow, E. (1925) Hydroiden der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition " Valdivia " 1889 - 1899, 17, 383 - 546." type="journal article" year="1925">Stechow, 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 445
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 18.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="724210E7FFAAFF90C98EB336EC48205A" author="Millard" box="[896,1076,315,337]" page="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1964">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFAAFF90C98EB336EC73205A" author="Millard" box="[896,1039,315,337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1964) The Hydrozoa of the South and west coasts of South Africa. Part II. The Lafoeidae, Syntheciidae and Sertulariidae. Annals of the South African Museum, 48, 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1964">Millard, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 15
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 4A–F.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="724210E7FFAAFF90CEB0B336ED0C205A" author="Millard" box="[1214,1392,315,337]" page="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1973">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFAAFF90CEB0B336ED36205A" author="Millard" box="[1214,1354,315,337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1973) Auto-epizoism in South African hydroids. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 20, 23 - 34." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 28
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 4B.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="724210E7FFAAFF90CB0FB357E9BD207B" author="Millard" box="[257,449,346,368]" page="189" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1975">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFAAFF90CB0FB357E9EC207B" author="Millard" box="[257,400,346,368]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the hydroids of Southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 189
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 62A–E.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="724210E7FFAAFF90C855B357EB6B207B" author="Millard" box="[603,791,346,368]" page="106" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1977">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFAAFF90C855B357EA94207B" author="Millard" box="[603,744,346,368]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1977) The South Africa Museum's Meiring Naude Cruises. Part 3. Hydroida. Annals of the South African Museum, 73, 105 - 131." type="journal article" year="1977">Millard, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 106
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="724210E7FFAAFF90C93BB357EB8F207B" author="Millard" box="[821,1011,346,368]" page="199" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1978">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFAAFF90C93BB357EBB8207B" author="Millard" box="[821,964,346,368]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1978) The geographical distribution of southern African hydroids. Annals of the South African Museum, 74, 159 - 200." type="journal article" year="1978">Millard, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 199
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—Hirohito, 1983: 22, fig. 6a–e.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="724210E7FFAAFF90CF41B357E9FC2084" author="Rees" page="75" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1987">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFAAFF90CF41B357E9222084" author="Rees" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Rees, W. J. & Vervoort, W. (1987) Hydroids from the John Murray expedition to the Indian Ocean, with revisory notes on Hydrodendron, Abietinella, Cryptolaria and Zygophylax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 237, 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1987">Rees & Vervoort, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 75
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—Hirohito, 1995: 136, fig. 40a–e.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="724210E7FFAAFF90C8E1B374EC702084" author="Calder" box="[751,1036,377,399]" page="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1998">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFAAFF90C8E1B374EB972084" author="Calder" box="[751,1003,377,399]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Calder, D. R. & Vervoort, W. (1998) Some hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, in the North Atlantic Ocean. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 319, 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1998">Calder & Vervoort, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 28
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="724210E7FFAAFF90CE27B374ED5A2084" author="Bouillon" box="[1065,1318,377,399]" page="341" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="2006">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFAAFF90CE27B374EC892084" author="Bouillon" box="[1065,1269,377,399]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Bouillon, J., Gravili, C., Pages, F., Gili, J. M. & Boero, F. (2006) An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 194, 1 - 591." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFAAFF90CE87B377ECC82084" box="[1161,1204,377,399]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 341
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFAAFF90CA99B395EAD120A5" authority="Vervoort & Watson, 2003: 69" authorityName="Vervoort & Watson" authorityPageNumber="69" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,685,408,430]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFAAFF90CA99B395E90F20A5" box="[151,371,408,430]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Zygophylax africanus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="724210E7FFAAFF90CB8EB394EAD120A5" author="Vervoort" box="[384,685,408,430]" page="69" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="2003">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFAAFF90CB8EB394EAFB20A6" author="Vervoort" box="[384,647,408,430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E. (2003) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (Thecate Hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort & Watson, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 69
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BBF9657DFFAAFF90CA99B3DEEC9F235C" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="F35C36F6FFAAFF90CA99B3DEEC9F235C" blockId="4.[151,1437,467,780]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFAAFF90CA99B3DEE90420E7" bold="true" box="[151,376,467,492]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
. INDEMARES 2010, La Gaviera Canyon (Avilés Canyon System),
|
||
<date id="875D1036FFAAFF90CE7BB3D9EC8A20E7" box="[1141,1270,468,492]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2010-04-28">28.04.2010</date>
|
||
, station DR06,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="96D75031FFAAFF90CA99B3FAE94F2304" box="[151,307,503,527]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="1" value="43.934067">43º56.0440’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="96D75031FFAAFF90CB4CB3FAE99A2304" box="[322,486,503,527]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="1" value="-5.7689834">05º46.1390’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="341B9B13FFAAFF90CBF8B3FAEA3F2304" box="[502,579,503,527]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="790.0">790 m</quantity>
|
||
, several colonies, one with a coppinia, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFAAFF90CE4AB3F5EDE12304" authority="Linnaeus." authorityName="Linnaeus." box="[1092,1437,503,528]" class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Madrepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="oculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFAAFF90CE4AB3F5ED5E231B" box="[1092,1314,504,528]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Madrepora oculata</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
INDEMARES 2011, La Gaviera Canyon (Avilés Canyon System), 0 4.05.2011, station DR04,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="96D75031FFAAFF90CA99B032E959235C" box="[151,293,575,599]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="1" value="43.993065">43º59.584’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="96D75031FFAAFF90CB3AB032E9B6235C" box="[308,458,575,599]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="1" value="-5.7319164">05º43.915’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="341B9B13FFAAFF90CBDBB032EA622353" box="[469,542,575,600]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.93" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="593.0">593 m</quantity>
|
||
, a small colony without gonosome on a scleractinian fragment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BBF9657DFFAAFF91CAC9B06EE9F623AC" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="F35C36F6FFAAFF90CAC9B06EEC8E2207" blockId="4.[151,1437,467,780]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFAAFF90CAC9B06EE92D2377" bold="true" box="[199,337,611,636]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Colonies erect and branching, rising from a small hydrorhizal mass formed by numerous tubules. Stems polysiphonic, up to 2.5 cm high and 535 µm basal diameter, slightly flexuous. Ramification pinnate with second order branching. Side-branches up to 6.0 mm long, basally polysiphonic, given off left and right in the same plane at slightly acute angles below a cauline hydrotheca. Internodes indistinct, although slight constrictions of the perisarc occur over the axil of the hydrothecae. Second order branching following the same pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A79C667EFFAAFF90CA99B136EA2F2278" ID-Table-UUID="A79C667EFFAAFF90CA99B136EA2F2278" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A79C667EFFAAFF90CA99B136EA2F2278" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[165,1417,916,1876]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="F35C36F6FFAAFF90CA99B136EA2F2278" blockId="4.[151,1436,827,883]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFAAFF90CA99B136E9712258" bold="true" box="[151,269,827,851]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometrics in microns for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFAAFF90C862B131EA942258" box="[620,744,828,851]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFAAFF90C862B131EA942258" box="[620,744,828,851]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Zygophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. *) Synonym for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFAAFF90C9EEB131E8A42278" authority="Hirohito, 1983 (Vervoort 2006)" authorityName="Hirohito, 1983 (Vervoort" authorityYear="2006" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFAAFF90C9EEB131ECFE2258" box="[992,1154,828,851]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Z. sagamiensis</emphasis>
|
||
Hirohito, 1983 (Vervoort 2006)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. **) From apophysis to diaphragm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F35C36F6FFAAFF90C845B199EC87265F" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<table id="81E3C456FFAA006BCAABB199EDF5265F" box="[165,1417,916,1876]" gridcols="6" gridrows="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFAA006BCAABB199EDF522E6" box="[165,1417,916,1005]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC845B199EADB22E6" box="[587,679,916,1005]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Stn DR06</th>
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC8C1B199EB1E22E6" box="[719,866,916,1005]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Stechow (1923)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFAAFF90C8C1B1BAEB2522E7" authority="Stechow, 1923" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1923" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFAAFF90C8C1B1BAEB4822C7" box="[719,820,950,972]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Z. africana</emphasis>
|
||
Stechow, 1923
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC970B199EC7422E6" box="[894,1032,916,1005]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Millard (1964)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFAAFF90C970B1BAEC7422E7" authority="Stechow, 1923" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1923" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFAAFF90C970B1BAEB9F22C7" box="[894,995,950,972]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Z. africana</emphasis>
|
||
Stechow, 1923
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCE2BB199ECA922E6" box="[1061,1237,916,1005]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Vervoort (2006)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFAAFF90CE2BB1BAECB722E7" authority="Calder & Vervoort, 1998" authorityName="Calder & Vervoort" authorityYear="1998" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFAAFF90CE2BB1BAECF722C7" box="[1061,1163,950,972]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Z. echinata</emphasis>
|
||
Calder & Vervoort, 1998
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCEFDB199EDF522E6" box="[1267,1417,916,1005]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Vervoort (2006)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFAAFF90CEFDB1BAED0522E7" authority="Hirohito, 1983" authorityName="Hirohito" authorityYear="1983" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFAAFF90CEFDB1BAED0022C7" box="[1267,1404,951,972]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Z. sagamiensis</emphasis>
|
||
Hirohito, 1983
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFAA006BCAABB60FEDF52531" box="[165,1417,1026,1082]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCAABB60FEA552531" box="[165,553,1026,1082]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distance between two successive hydrothecae of axis</th>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC845B60FEADB2531" box="[587,679,1026,1082]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">243–372</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC8C1B60FEB1E2531" box="[719,866,1026,1082]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC970B60FEC742531" box="[894,1032,1026,1082]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">210–480</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCE2BB60FECA92531" box="[1061,1237,1026,1082]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCEFDB60FEDF52531" box="[1267,1417,1026,1082]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFAA006BCAABB65DEDF5258C" box="[165,1417,1104,1159]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCAABB65DEA55258C" box="[165,553,1104,1159]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diameter of monosiphonic hydrocladia</th>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC845B65DEADB258C" box="[587,679,1104,1159]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">62–84</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC8C1B65DEB1E258C" box="[719,866,1104,1159]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC970B65DEC74258C" box="[894,1032,1104,1159]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">50–90</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCE2BB65DECA9258C" box="[1061,1237,1104,1159]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFAA006BCAABB690EDF525B8" box="[165,1417,1181,1203]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCAABB690EA5525B8" box="[165,553,1181,1203]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hydrothecae</th>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCEFDB690EDF525B8" box="[1267,1417,1181,1203]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFAA006BCAABB6C4EDF525D4" box="[165,1417,1225,1247]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCAABB6C4EA5525D4" box="[165,553,1225,1247]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Length of pedicel along adcauline wall</th>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC845B6C4EADB25D4" box="[587,679,1225,1247]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">27–58**</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC8C1B6C4EB1E25D4" box="[719,866,1225,1247]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">60–80</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC970B6C4EC7425D4" box="[894,1032,1225,1247]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">20–95</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCE2BB6C4ECA925D4" box="[1061,1237,1225,1247]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">29–111</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCEFDB6C4EDF525D4" box="[1267,1417,1225,1247]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">95–112</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFAA006BCAABB6F8EDF52426" box="[165,1417,1269,1325]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCAABB6F8EA552426" box="[165,553,1269,1325]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Length of adcauline wall from diaphragm to rim without renovations</th>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC845B6F8EADB2426" box="[587,679,1269,1325]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">290–331</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC8C1B6F8EB1E2426" box="[719,866,1269,1325]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC970B6F8EC742426" box="[894,1032,1269,1325]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">240–330</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCE2BB6F8ECA92426" box="[1061,1237,1269,1325]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">267–397</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCEFDB6F8EDF52426" box="[1267,1417,1269,1325]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">252–308</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFAA006BCAABB74EEDF52471" box="[165,1417,1347,1402]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCAABB74EEA552471" box="[165,553,1347,1402]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Length of adcauline wall from diaphragm to rim with renovations</th>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC845B74EEADB2471" box="[587,679,1347,1402]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">354–413</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC8C1B74EEB1E2471" box="[719,866,1347,1402]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">350</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC970B74EEC742471" box="[894,1032,1347,1402]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCE2BB74EECA92471" box="[1061,1237,1347,1402]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCEFDB74EEDF52471" box="[1267,1417,1347,1402]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFAA006BCAABB79DEDF524C3" box="[165,1417,1424,1480]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCAABB79DEA5524C3" box="[165,553,1424,1480]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Length of abcauline wall from diaphragm to rim without renovations</th>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC845B79DEADB24C3" box="[587,679,1424,1480]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">248–326</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC8C1B79DEB1E24C3" box="[719,866,1424,1480]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC970B79DEC7424C3" box="[894,1032,1424,1480]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">190–280</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCE2BB79DECA924C3" box="[1061,1237,1424,1480]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">254–364</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCEFDB79DEDF524C3" box="[1267,1417,1424,1480]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">225–285</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFAA006BCAABB7D0EDF524F8" box="[165,1417,1501,1523]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCAABB7D0EA5524F8" box="[165,553,1501,1523]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diameter at rim</th>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC845B7D0EADB24F8" box="[587,679,1501,1523]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">84–94</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC8C1B7D0EB1E24F8" box="[719,866,1501,1523]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">80</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC970B7D0EC7424F8" box="[894,1032,1501,1523]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">70–100</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCE2BB7D0ECA924F8" box="[1061,1237,1501,1523]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">94–117</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCEFDB7D0EDF524F8" box="[1267,1417,1501,1523]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">62–95</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFAA006BCAABB407EDF5272B" box="[165,1417,1546,1568]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCAABB407EA55272B" box="[165,553,1546,1568]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nematothecae</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFAA006BCAABB43BEDF52747" box="[165,1417,1590,1612]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCAABB43BEA552747" box="[165,553,1590,1612]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Length without renovations</th>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC845B43BEADB2747" box="[587,679,1590,1612]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">52–70</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC8C1B43BEB1E2747" box="[719,866,1590,1612]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC970B43BEC742747" box="[894,1032,1590,1612]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">70–120</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCE2BB43BECA92747" box="[1061,1237,1590,1612]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">42–68</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCEFDB43BEDF52747" box="[1267,1417,1590,1612]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">45–56</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFAA006BCAABB46FEDF52773" box="[165,1417,1634,1656]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCAABB46FEA552773" box="[165,553,1634,1656]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Length with renovations</th>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC845B46FEADB2773" box="[587,679,1634,1656]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">65–133</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC8C1B46FEB1E2773" box="[719,866,1634,1656]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">110</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC970B46FEC742773" box="[894,1032,1634,1656]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCE2BB46FECA92773" box="[1061,1237,1634,1656]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCEFDB46FEDF52773" box="[1267,1417,1634,1656]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">60–84</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFAA006BCAABB483EDF527AF" box="[165,1417,1678,1700]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCAABB483EA5527AF" box="[165,553,1678,1700]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diameter at rim</th>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC845B483EADB27AF" box="[587,679,1678,1700]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">26–34</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC8C1B483EB1E27AF" box="[719,866,1678,1700]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">30</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC970B483EC7427AF" box="[894,1032,1678,1700]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">20–40</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCE2BB483ECA927AF" box="[1061,1237,1678,1700]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">24–31</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCEFDB483EDF527AF" box="[1267,1417,1678,1700]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">28</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFAA006BCAABB4B7EDF527DB" box="[165,1417,1722,1744]" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCAABB4B7EA5527DB" box="[165,553,1722,1744]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gonothecae</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFAA006BCAABB4EBEDF527F7" box="[165,1417,1766,1788]" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCAABB4EBEA5527F7" box="[165,553,1766,1788]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Length</th>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC845B4EBEADB27F7" box="[587,679,1766,1788]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">477–494</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC8C1B4EBEB1E27F7" box="[719,866,1766,1788]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC970B4EBEC7427F7" box="[894,1032,1766,1788]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCE2BB4EBECA927F7" box="[1061,1237,1766,1788]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCEFDB4EBEDF527F7" box="[1267,1417,1766,1788]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFAA006BCAABB51FEDF52623" box="[165,1417,1810,1832]" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCAABB51FEA552623" box="[165,553,1810,1832]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diameter at base</th>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC845B51FEADB2623" box="[587,679,1810,1832]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">105–108</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC8C1B51FEB1E2623" box="[719,866,1810,1832]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC970B51FEC742623" box="[894,1032,1810,1832]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCE2BB51FECA92623" box="[1061,1237,1810,1832]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCEFDB51FEDF52623" box="[1267,1417,1810,1832]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFAA006BCAABB533EDF5265F" box="[165,1417,1854,1876]" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCAABB533EA55265F" box="[165,553,1854,1876]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Maximal diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC845B533EADB265F" box="[587,679,1854,1876]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">120–302</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC8C1B533EB1E265F" box="[719,866,1854,1876]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BC970B533EC74265F" box="[894,1032,1854,1876]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCE2BB533ECA9265F" box="[1061,1237,1854,1876]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFAA006BCEFDB533EDF5265F" box="[1267,1417,1854,1876]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F35C36F6FFAAFF91CAC9B598EB5F21FC" blockId="4.[151,1436,1941,2037]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,2012]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hydrothecae in two rows on stem and branches, pedicellate, borne on a short apophysis, alternatively to left and right, widely spaced and oriented frontally. Apophyses not always clearly demarcated from pedicel. Pedicels short, even or slightly undulated, sometimes moderately twisted. Hydrothecae long and tubular, thin, straight or slightly curved, with adcauline wall convex and abcauline side straight to slightly concave. Rim circular, even, faintly everted, normally with renovations. A subtle narrowing below rim sometimes occurs. Diaphragm distinct, straight or oblique, in this case with abcauline side higher.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F35C36F6FFABFF91CAC9B309EAE520A7" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Nematothecae short, tubular, with a small peduncle and somewhat everted rim with a few renovations; a subtle sub-marginal narrowing is sometimes present. Base flat, with rounded corners. Abundance variable, being numerous proximally in the stem of some colonies and scarce in others; 1–2 (rarely) occur typically on the hydrothecal apophyses. Others appear scattered on hydrocaulus and branches arising from secondary tubes, being normally absent on monosiphonic hydrocauli.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F35C36F6FFABFF91CAC9B3BAE9F623AC" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gonothecae forming a compact oval coppinia 1.7 mm long and 1.2 mm wide, surrounding lower third of stem. They are adpressed for about two-thirds of their length, tapering basally, polygonal, with 4–6 sides in surface view; perisarc thick. Distal end free with short and wide neck laterally compressed (117–138 µm wide, 43–53 µm high), and two small diverging horns 214–262 µm long together, no longer than width of gonotheca (with the neck they are T-shaped). Tip of horns rounded, not sharp, curved toward basis of gonotheca. Ova (234 x 151 µm) within gonothecae. Nematophorous tubules scarce, widely spaced, short, two times longer than gonothecae, protruding up to 450 µm over them.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BBF9657DFFABFF92CAC9B0B9E9E027C6" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="F35C36F6FFABFF91CAC9B0B9E880223C" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFABFF91CAC9B0B9E94823C7" bold="true" box="[199,308,692,716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. Colonies examined here were small compared to those described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFABFF91CE48B0B9ED3F23C7" author="Millard" box="[1094,1347,692,716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the hydroids of Southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">
|
||
Millard (
|
||
<quantity id="341B9B13FFABFF91CEA4B0B9ED4723C7" box="[1194,1339,692,716]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9750999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="cm" value="1975.1">1975, 10 cm</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but are similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2C588854FFABFF91CB3CB0DAE9E823E4" box="[306,404,727,751]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFABFF91CBADB0DAEAAD23E4" author="Stechow" box="[419,721,727,751]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Stechow, E. (1923) Neue Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige andre Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 53, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1923">Stechow 1923, 0.5–1.8 cm</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and to those described by Hirohito (1995, 2.4 cm) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8BF47666FFABFF91CF5BB0D5EDE423E4" box="[1365,1432,728,751]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Autoepizoic hydrothecae are common in the material studied, as observed also by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFABFF91CE3AB0F1ECA6221F" author="Millard" box="[1076,1242,764,788]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1973) Auto-epizoism in South African hydroids. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 20, 23 - 34." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in South African colonies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F35C36F6FFABFF91CAC9B149EA81255C" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The number of species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFABFF91C851B149EBFD2257" authority="Quelch, 1885" authorityName="Quelch" authorityYear="1885" box="[607,897,836,860]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFABFF91C851B149EA9E2257" box="[607,738,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Zygophylax</emphasis>
|
||
Quelch, 1885
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is difficult to determine, as an updated revision is lacking. While much needed, such a revision is complicated by doubts that exist about the taxonomic value of some characters widely used in descriptions of species, and gonosomes of some are still unknown (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFABFF91CF13B180E95322CC" author="Vervoort" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E. (2003) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (Thecate Hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort & Watson 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFABFF91CB4CB1BCEA2E22CC" author="Rees" box="[322,594,943,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Rees, W. J. & Vervoort, W. (1987) Hydroids from the John Murray expedition to the Indian Ocean, with revisory notes on Hydrodendron, Abietinella, Cryptolaria and Zygophylax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 237, 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1987">Rees & Vervoort (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFABFF91C884B1BCEBCB22CC" author="Vervoort" box="[650,951,943,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E. (2003) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (Thecate Hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort & Watson (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have partially revised the taxon. The latter authors listed 51 species, with at least 13 of them having no known gonosome. Additional new species have been described since then, even in the northeastern Atlantic fauna (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFABFF91C98AB1F4ED7E2504" authority="Vervoort, 2006" authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="2006" box="[900,1282,1015,1040]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parabiarmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFABFF91C98AB1F4EC38251B" box="[900,1092,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Z. parabiarmata</emphasis>
|
||
Vervoort, 2006
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8BF47666FFABFF91CF1AB1FAEDE02504" box="[1300,1436,1015,1039]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
|
||
Islands), and changes have been made in the status of others (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFABFF91C955B610EC82253F" authority="Calder & Vervoort, 1998" authorityName="Calder & Vervoort" authorityYear="1998" box="[859,1278,1052,1076]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFABFF91C955B610EBA6253F" box="[859,986,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Z. echinata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFABFF91C9EDB611EC82253F" author="Calder" box="[995,1278,1052,1076]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Calder, D. R. & Vervoort, W. (1998) Some hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, in the North Atlantic Ocean. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 319, 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1998">Calder & Vervoort, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFABFF91CAC1B64CEA5E255C" authority="Hirohito, 1983" authorityName="Hirohito" authorityYear="1983" box="[207,546,1087,1112]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFABFF91CAC1B64CE90A2553" box="[207,374,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Z. sagamiensis</emphasis>
|
||
Hirohito, 1983
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Vervoort 2006).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F35C36F6FFABFF91CAC9B669EA1D2424" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The genus has received considerable attention in Europe and nearby areas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFABFF91CE2CB669ED3F2577" author="Ramil" box="[1058,1347,1124,1148]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Ramil, F. & Vervoort, W. (1992 a) Report on the Hydroida collected by the " Balgim " expedition in and around the Strait of Gibraltar. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 277, 3 - 262." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="a">Ramil & Vervoort 1992a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFABFF91CF5EB669EA6D2594" author="Altuna" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Altuna Prados, A. & Alvarez Claudio, C. 1993 (1994) El genero Zygophylax Quelch, 1885 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) en el Golfo de Vizcaya. Miscel. lania Zoologica, 17, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1994">Altuna Prados & Álvarez Claudio 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Vervoort 2006), with nine species reported in the ERMS area after updating (
|
||
<tableCitation id="BE61034DFFABFF91CA90B6A1E88925CF" box="[158,245,1196,1220]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[165,1415,336,1220]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 3. Zygophylax species in the ERMS area and nearby zones. Modified and updated from Schuchert (2012, ERMS). *) Known only from Cape Verde Islands and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. **) Known only from Cape Verde Islands, out of the ERSM area. Zygophylax africana is a new species for the ERMS area. Z. elegantula Leloup, 1940 is a synonym of Z. levinseni according to Ramil & Vervoort (1992 a); Z. echinata Calder & Vervoort, 1998 is a synonym of Z. sagamiensis Hirohito, 1983 according to Vervoort (2006)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A79C667EFFA8FF92CA99B29AEB7D2024" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" tableUuid="A79C667EFFA8FF92CA99B29AEB7D2024">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Of these, only two (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFABFF91CBE5B6A1EB6C25CF" box="[491,784,1196,1220]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parabiarmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFABFF91CBE5B6A1EB6C25CF" box="[491,784,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Zygophylax parabiarmata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFABFF91C949B6A0EB9125CF" box="[839,1005,1197,1220]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFABFF91C949B6A0EB9125CF" box="[839,1005,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Z. sagamiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have gonothecae fused as in material studied here, with the latter recently recorded from continental Europe (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFABFF91C9F6B6C2EC9E25EC" author="Moura" box="[1016,1250,1231,1256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Moura, C. J., Cunha, M. E., Porteiro, F. M. & Rogers, A. D. (2012 a) Polyphyly and cryptic diversity in the hydrozoan families Lafoeidae and Hebellidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Invertebrate Systematics, 25, 454 - 470." type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Moura
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFABFF91CE5CB6DCECF625E3" box="[1106,1162,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, no description available). Colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFABFF91CBA9B6F8EA192407" box="[423,613,1268,1292]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parabiarmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFABFF91CBA9B6F8EA192407" box="[423,613,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Z. parabiarmata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from material studied here, and their gonothecae have a unique terminal round aperture (Vervoort 2006).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F35C36F6FFABFF91CAC9B731E9EC27D4" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Trophosomes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFABFF91CB89B731EA0D245F" box="[391,625,1340,1364]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFABFF91CB89B731EA0D245F" box="[391,625,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Zygophylax africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFABFF91C8A4B730EB2E245F" box="[682,850,1341,1364]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFABFF91C8A4B730EB2E245F" box="[682,850,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Z. sagamiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are almost identical in size and shape (
|
||
<tableCitation id="BE61034DFFABFF91CF1BB731ED12245F" box="[1301,1390,1340,1364]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,239,827,851]" captionTargetBox="[165,1417,916,1876]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometrics in microns for Zygophylax spp. *) Synonym for Z. sagamiensis Hirohito, 1983 (Vervoort 2006). **) From apophysis to diaphragm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A79C667EFFAAFF90CA99B136EA2F2278" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" tableUuid="A79C667EFFAAFF90CA99B136EA2F2278">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). In describing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFABFF91CB16B76CEC55247C" authority="Calder & Vervoort" authorityName="Calder & Vervoort" authorityYear="1998" box="[280,1065,1375,1400]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFABFF91CB16B76CE9BF2473" box="[280,451,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Z. sagamiensis</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFABFF91CBD8B752EC55247C" author="Calder" box="[470,1065,1375,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Calder, D. R. & Vervoort, W. (1998) Some hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, in the North Atlantic Ocean. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 319, 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Calder & Vervoort (1998, as
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFABFF91C93BB76CEBC52473" box="[821,953,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Z. echinata</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DAA4579FFFABFF91C9CBB76DEC5E247C" box="[965,1058,1375,1399]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mentioned as main differences between the two species the distal end of the gonothecae —a unique spine (or horn) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFABFF91CE53B788ED7F2497" box="[1117,1283,1413,1436]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFABFF91CE53B788ED7F2497" box="[1117,1283,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Z. sagamiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, two horns in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFABFF91CA99B7A4E96B24CB" box="[151,279,1448,1472]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFABFF91CA99B7A4E96B24CB" box="[151,279,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Z. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—, and the shape of the hydrothecae, which widen distally in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFABFF91C9FBB7A4ECDC24CB" box="[1013,1184,1449,1472]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFABFF91C9FBB7A4ECDC24CB" box="[1013,1184,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Z. sagamiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and are tubular in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFABFF91CF8BB7A4E88A24EF" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFABFF91CF8BB7A4E88A24EF" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Z. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the La Gaviera Canyon colonies, hydrothecae are tubular. In descriptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFABFF91CEA2B7C0ED5024EF" box="[1196,1324,1484,1508]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFABFF91CEA2B7C0ED5024EF" box="[1196,1324,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Z. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only one nematotheca is mentioned on the apophyses (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFABFF91C89CB7E2EB4A270C" author="Stechow" box="[658,822,1519,1543]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Stechow, E. (1923) Neue Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige andre Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 53, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1923">Stechow 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFABFF91C94CB7E2EBA4270C" author="Millard" box="[834,984,1519,1543]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1964) The Hydrozoa of the South and west coasts of South Africa. Part II. The Lafoeidae, Syntheciidae and Sertulariidae. Annals of the South African Museum, 48, 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1964">Millard 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Hirohito 1983, 1995), although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFABFF91CF46B7E2E89D2727" author="Millard" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the hydroids of Southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported ‘normally one on each hydrothecal apophyses’, without mentioning other alternatives. Colonies studied here have one, and exceptionally two (fig. 3A). This character, together with the different morphology of the gonothecal horns (described as longer and with sharp tips) and the absence of anastomoses, distinguish these colonies from those of other regions. Such differences cannot be justification for proposing a new species, given that in other better-known species of the family, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFABFF91C900B4A9ECC427B7" authority="Allman, 1888" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1888" box="[782,1208,1700,1724]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Cryptolaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pectinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFABFF91C900B4A9EC7E27B7" box="[782,1026,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cryptolaria pectinata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFABFF91CE1FB4A9ECD327B7" author="Allman" box="[1041,1199,1700,1724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Allman, G. J. (1888) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Part II. The Tubularinae, Corymorphinae, Campanularinae, Sertularinae and Thalamophora. Reports on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 23 (70), 1 - 90, pls. 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1888">Allman, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, development of the horns is very variable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F35C36F6FFABFF91CAC9B4E1E98626D7" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFABFF91CAC9B4E1E908260F" author="Millard" box="[199,372,1772,1796]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1964) The Hydrozoa of the South and west coasts of South Africa. Part II. The Lafoeidae, Syntheciidae and Sertulariidae. Annals of the South African Museum, 48, 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1964">Millard (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noticed the great similarity between coppiniae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFABFF91C9ECB4E1ECAE260F" box="[994,1234,1772,1796]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFABFF91C9ECB4E1ECAE260F" box="[994,1234,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Zygophylax africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFABFF91CF16B4E1E8832623" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Cryptolaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pectinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFABFF91CF16B4E1E8832623" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cryptolaria pectinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both species have fused gonothecae with a distal neck and two diverging horns. However, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFABFF91CA99B539E9312647" author="Stechow" box="[151,333,1844,1868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Stechow, E. (1925) Hydroiden der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition " Valdivia " 1889 - 1899, 17, 383 - 546." type="journal article" year="1925">Stechow (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFABFF91CB83B539EA462647" author="Millard" box="[397,570,1844,1868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the hydroids of Southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFABFF91C845B538EAA42647" box="[587,728,1845,1868]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Cryptolaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pectinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFABFF91C845B538EAA42647" box="[587,728,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. pectinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also capable of forming gonothecae with a unique distal projection (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFABFF91CB4DB55AE9B42664" author="Ralph" box="[323,456,1879,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Ralph P. M. (1958) New Zealand thecate hydroids. Part II - Families Lafoeidae, Lineolariidae, Haleciidae and Syntheciidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 85, 301 - 356." type="journal article" year="1958">Ralph 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although it is not clear if both
|
||
<typeStatus id="2C588854FFABFF91C927B554EB18267A" box="[809,868,1881,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of gonothecae (one-horned and two-horned) occur together in the same coppinia.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFABFF91CBF6B571EAD7269F" author="Stechow" box="[504,683,1916,1940]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Stechow, E. (1925) Hydroiden der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition " Valdivia " 1889 - 1899, 17, 383 - 546." type="journal article" year="1925">Stechow (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
attributed variability in the number of horns on gonothecae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFABFF91CF8CB570E88326B3" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Cryptolaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pectinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFABFF91CF8CB570E88326B3" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. pectinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to differences between male (one horn) and female (two horns) colonies, although that conclusion has not been confirmed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFABFF91CB5AB5C9E99126D7" author="Millard" box="[340,493,1988,2012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the hydroids of Southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A79C667EFFA8FF92CA99B29AEB7D2024" ID-Table-UUID="A79C667EFFA8FF92CA99B29AEB7D2024" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A79C667EFFA8FF92CA99B29AEB7D2024" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[165,1415,336,1220]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="F35C36F6FFA8FF92CA99B29AEB7D2024" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,303]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CA99B29AE97221A4" bold="true" box="[151,270,151,175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CB17B295E9EA21A4" box="[281,406,152,175]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CB17B295E9EA21A4" box="[281,406,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Zygophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in the ERMS area and nearby zones. Modified and updated from Schuchert (2012, ERMS). *) Known only from Cape Verde Islands and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. **) Known only from Cape Verde Islands, out of the ERSM area.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CBACB2D5EAF821E4" box="[418,644,216,239]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CBACB2D5EAF821E4" box="[418,644,216,239]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Zygophylax africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a new species for the ERMS area.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CE34B2D5ED1421E4" authority="Leloup, 1940" authorityName="Leloup" authorityYear="1940" box="[1082,1384,216,239]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegantula">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CE34B2D5ECB721E4" box="[1082,1227,216,239]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. elegantula</emphasis>
|
||
Leloup, 1940
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CB15B2F5E9EA2004" box="[283,406,248,271]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="levinseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CB15B2F5E9EA2004" box="[283,406,248,271]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. levinseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
according to Ramil & Vervoort (1992a);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92C942B2F5ECAE2004" authority="Calder & Vervoort, 1998" authorityName="Calder & Vervoort" authorityYear="1998" box="[844,1234,248,271]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92C942B2F5EBB82004" box="[844,964,248,271]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. echinata</emphasis>
|
||
Calder & Vervoort, 1998
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CF88B2F5E9C02024" authority="Hirohito, 1983" authorityName="Hirohito" authorityYear="1983" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CF88B2F5E9652024" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. sagamiensis</emphasis>
|
||
Hirohito, 1983
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
according to Vervoort (2006).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F35C36F6FFA8FF92CAABB35DED5D25A9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<table id="81E3C456FFA8006BCAABB35DEDFB25CF" box="[165,1415,336,1220]" gridcols="7" gridrows="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFA8006BCAABB35DEDFB2083" box="[165,1415,336,392]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCAABB35DE9C12083" box="[165,445,336,392]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Species</th>
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCBD4B35DEA672083" box="[474,539,336,392]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ERMS (2012)</th>
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC831B35DEAB92083" box="[575,709,336,392]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Valid</th>
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC8EDB35DEB172083" box="[739,875,336,392]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ERMS (2012, updated)</th>
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC980B35DEC2B2083" box="[910,1111,336,392]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Coppiniae</th>
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCE78B35DECA22083" box="[1142,1246,336,392]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bay of Biscay</th>
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCEF1B35DEDFB2083" box="[1279,1415,336,392]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Iberian Peninsula</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFA8006BCAABB390EDFB20BF" box="[165,1415,413,436]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCAABB390E9C120BF" box="[165,445,413,436]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CAABB392E9CE20B8" authority="Stechow, 1923" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1923" box="[165,434,413,436]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CAABB392E96A20BF" box="[165,278,414,436]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. africana</emphasis>
|
||
Stechow, 1923
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCBD4B390EA6720BF" box="[474,539,413,436]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">no</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC831B390EAB920BF" box="[575,709,413,436]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC8EDB390EB1720BF" box="[739,875,413,436]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC980B390EC2B20BF" box="[910,1111,413,436]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fused gonothecae</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCE78B390ECA220BF" box="[1142,1246,413,436]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCEF1B390EDFB20BF" box="[1279,1415,413,436]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFA8006BCAABB3C4EDFB20EB" box="[165,1415,457,480]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCAABB3C4E9C120EB" box="[165,445,457,480]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CAABB3C6E9C120D4" authority="Leloup, 1940" authorityName="Leloup" authorityYear="1940" box="[165,445,457,480]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bathyphyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CAABB3C6E94D20D4" box="[165,305,457,480]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. bathyphyla</emphasis>
|
||
Leloup, 1940
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCBD4B3C4EA6720EB" box="[474,539,457,480]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC831B3C4EAB920EB" box="[575,709,457,480]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC8EDB3C4EB1720EB" box="[739,875,457,480]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC980B3C4EC2B20EB" box="[910,1111,457,480]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Unknown</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCE78B3C4ECA220EB" box="[1142,1246,457,480]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">no</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCEF1B3C4EDFB20EB" box="[1279,1415,457,480]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">no</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFA8006BCAABB3F8EDFB2326" box="[165,1415,501,557]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCAABB3F8E9C12326" box="[165,445,501,557]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CAABB3FAE9D42300" authority="Billard, 1905" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1905" box="[165,424,501,524]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="biarmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CAABB3FAE9612307" box="[165,285,502,524]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. biarmata</emphasis>
|
||
Billard, 1905
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCBD4B3F8EA672326" box="[474,539,501,557]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC831B3F8EAB92326" box="[575,709,501,557]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC8EDB3F8EB172326" box="[739,875,501,557]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC980B3F8EC2B2326" box="[910,1111,501,557]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gonothecae not fused</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCE78B3F8ECA22326" box="[1142,1246,501,557]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCEF1B3F8EDFB2326" box="[1279,1415,501,557]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFA8006BCAABB04FEDFB2371" box="[165,1415,578,634]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCAABB04FE9C12371" box="[165,445,578,634]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CAABB049E9E32353" authority="Billard, 1924" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1924" box="[165,415,578,601]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brownei">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CAABB049E96F2352" box="[165,275,579,601]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. brownei</emphasis>
|
||
Billard, 1924
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCBD4B04FEA672371" box="[474,539,578,634]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC831B04FEAB92371" box="[575,709,578,634]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC8EDB04FEB172371" box="[739,875,578,634]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC980B04FEC2B2371" box="[910,1111,578,634]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gonothecae not fused</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCE78B04FECA22371" box="[1142,1246,578,634]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCEF1B04FEDFB2371" box="[1279,1415,578,634]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFA8006BCAABB09DEDFB23CC" box="[165,1415,656,711]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCAABB09DE9C123CC" box="[165,445,656,711]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CAABB09CE93E23CC" authority="Calder & Vervoort, 1998" authorityName="Calder & Vervoort" authorityYear="1998" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CAABB09CE96B23AD" box="[165,279,656,678]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. echinata</emphasis>
|
||
Calder & Vervoort, 1998
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCBD4B09DEA6723CC" box="[474,539,656,711]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC831B09DEAB923CC" box="[575,709,656,711]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92C831B09CEAB923AD" box="[575,709,657,678]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92C831B09CEAB923AD" box="[575,709,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z.sagamiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC8EDB09DEB1723CC" box="[739,875,656,711]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92C8EAB09CEB1723AD" box="[740,875,657,678]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92C8EAB09CEB1723AD" box="[740,875,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. sagamiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC980B09DEC2B23CC" box="[910,1111,656,711]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fused gonothecae</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCE78B09DECA223CC" box="[1142,1246,656,711]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">no</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCEF1B09DEDFB23CC" box="[1279,1415,656,711]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CEF1B09CEDFB23AD" box="[1279,1415,657,678]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CEF1B09CEDFB23AD" box="[1279,1415,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. sagamiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFA8006BCAABB0D0EDFB23FF" box="[165,1415,733,756]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCAABB0D0E9C123FF" box="[165,445,733,756]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CAABB0D2E9C423F8" authority="Leloup, 1940" authorityName="Leloup" authorityYear="1940" box="[165,440,733,756]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegantula">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CAABB0D2E95723FF" box="[165,299,734,756]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. elegantula</emphasis>
|
||
Leloup, 1940
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCBD4B0D0EA6723FF" box="[474,539,733,756]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC831B0D0EAB923FF" box="[575,709,733,756]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92C831B0D2EADB23FF" box="[575,679,734,756]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="levinseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92C831B0D2EADB23FF" box="[575,679,734,756]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. levinseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC8EDB0D0EB1723FF" box="[739,875,733,756]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92C8EAB0D2EB3023FF" box="[740,844,734,756]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="levinseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92C8EAB0D2EB3023FF" box="[740,844,734,756]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. levinseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC980B0D0EC2B23FF" box="[910,1111,733,756]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gonothecae not fused</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCE78B0D0ECA223FF" box="[1142,1246,733,756]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CE78B0D2ECA223FF" box="[1142,1246,734,756]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="levinseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CE78B0D2ECA223FF" box="[1142,1246,734,756]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. levinseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCEF1B0D0EDFB23FF" box="[1279,1415,733,756]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CEF1B0D2ED1423FF" box="[1279,1384,734,756]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="levinseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CEF1B0D2ED1423FF" box="[1279,1384,734,756]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. levinseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFA8006BCAABB107EDFB224A" box="[165,1415,778,833]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCAABB107E9C1224A" box="[165,445,778,833]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CAABB106E93C224A" authority="Ramil & Vervoort, 1992" authorityName="Ramil & Vervoort" authorityYear="1992" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="leloupi">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CAABB106E97A222B" box="[165,262,778,800]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. leloupi</emphasis>
|
||
Ramil & Vervoort, 1992
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCBD4B107EA67224A" box="[474,539,778,833]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC831B107EAB9224A" box="[575,709,778,833]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC8EDB107EB17224A" box="[739,875,778,833]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC980B107EC2B224A" box="[910,1111,778,833]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gonothecae not fused</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCE78B107ECA2224A" box="[1142,1246,778,833]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">no</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCEF1B107EDFB224A" box="[1279,1415,778,833]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">no</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFA8006BCAABB15AEDFB2284" box="[165,1415,855,911]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCAABB15AE9C12284" box="[165,445,855,911]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CAABB155E89C2284" authority="Saemundsson, 1911" authorityName="Saemundsson" authorityYear="1911" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="levinseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CAABB155E9652266" box="[165,281,855,877]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. levinseni</emphasis>
|
||
(Saemundsson, 1911)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCBD4B15AEA672284" box="[474,539,855,911]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC831B15AEAB92284" box="[575,709,855,911]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC8EDB15AEB172284" box="[739,875,855,911]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC980B15AEC2B2284" box="[910,1111,855,911]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gonothecae not fused</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCE78B15AECA22284" box="[1142,1246,855,911]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCEF1B15AEDFB2284" box="[1279,1415,855,911]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFA8006BCAABB1A9EDFB22D0" box="[165,1415,932,987]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCAABB1A9E9C122D0" box="[165,445,932,987]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CAABB1A8E8A622D0" authority="Vervoort, 2006" authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="2006" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parabiarmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CAABB1A8E93022B1" box="[165,332,932,954]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. parabiarmata</emphasis>
|
||
Vervoort, 2006
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
**
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCBD4B1A9EA6722D0" box="[474,539,932,987]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">no</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC831B1A9EAB922D0" box="[575,709,932,987]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC8EDB1A9EB1722D0" box="[739,875,932,987]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">no</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC980B1A9EC2B22D0" box="[910,1111,932,987]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fused gonothecae</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCE78B1A9ECA222D0" box="[1142,1246,932,987]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">no</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCEF1B1A9EDFB22D0" box="[1279,1415,932,987]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">no</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFA8006BCAABB1FFEDFB2521" box="[165,1415,1010,1066]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCAABB1FFE9C12521" box="[165,445,1010,1066]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CAABB1FEE89C2521" authority="G.O. Sars, 1874" authorityName="G.O. Sars" authorityYear="1874" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pinnata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CAABB1FEE9712503" box="[165,269,1011,1032]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. pinnata</emphasis>
|
||
(G.O. Sars, 1874)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCBD4B1FFEA672521" box="[474,539,1010,1066]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC831B1FFEAB92521" box="[575,709,1010,1066]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC8EDB1FFEB172521" box="[739,875,1010,1066]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC980B1FFEC2B2521" box="[910,1111,1010,1066]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gonothecae not fused</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCE78B1FFECA22521" box="[1142,1246,1010,1066]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">no</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCEF1B1FFEDFB2521" box="[1279,1415,1010,1066]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">no</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFA8006BCAABB632EDFB257D" box="[165,1415,1087,1142]" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCAABB632E9C1257D" box="[165,445,1087,1142]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CAABB64DE8A4257D" authority="Hirohito, 1983" authorityName="Hirohito" authorityYear="1983" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CAABB64DE940255E" box="[165,316,1088,1109]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. sagamiensis</emphasis>
|
||
Hirohito, 1983
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCBD4B632EA67257D" box="[474,539,1087,1142]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">no</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC831B632EAB9257D" box="[575,709,1087,1142]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC8EDB632EB17257D" box="[739,875,1087,1142]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC980B632EC2B257D" box="[910,1111,1087,1142]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fused gonothecae</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCE78B632ECA2257D" box="[1142,1246,1087,1142]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">no</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCEF1B632EDFB257D" box="[1279,1415,1087,1142]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4DD334B4FFA8006BCAABB681EDFB25CF" box="[165,1415,1164,1220]" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCAABB681E9C125CF" box="[165,445,1164,1220]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CAABB683E9E625A9" authority="Billard, 1918" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1918" box="[165,410,1164,1187]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CAABB683E97325A8" box="[165,271,1165,1187]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. sibogae</emphasis>
|
||
Billard, 1918
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCBD4B681EA6725CF" box="[474,539,1164,1220]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC831B681EAB925CF" box="[575,709,1164,1220]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC8EDB681EB1725CF" box="[739,875,1164,1220]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BC980B681EC2B25CF" box="[910,1111,1164,1220]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gonothecae not fused</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCE78B681ECA225CF" box="[1142,1246,1164,1220]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="0E025DC8FFA8006BCEF1B681EDFB25CF" box="[1279,1415,1164,1220]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">yes</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F35C36F6FFA8FF92CAC9B708E9E027C6" blockId="6.[151,1436,1285,1957]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
One-horned gonothecae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92C803B708EB702415" box="[525,780,1285,1310]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Cryptolaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pectinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92C803B708EB702415" box="[525,780,1285,1310]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cryptolaria pectinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92C942B708EC162415" box="[844,1130,1285,1310]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92C942B708EC162415" box="[844,1130,1285,1310]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Zygophylax sagamiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar (see Hirohito 1983;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFA8FF92CAEAB724EA71244A" author="Calder" box="[228,525,1321,1345]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Calder, D. R. & Vervoort, W. (1998) Some hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, in the North Atlantic Ocean. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 319, 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1998">Calder & Vervoort 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92C84DB727EB442449" box="[579,824,1322,1346]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92C84DB727EB442449" box="[579,824,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Zygophylax echinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92C9D7B726ECF42449" box="[985,1160,1323,1346]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92C9D7B726ECF42449" box="[985,1160,1323,1346]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. sagamiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CEC5B726ED2C2449" box="[1227,1360,1322,1346]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CEC5B726ED2C2449" box="[1227,1360,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ mainly in gonosomal characters (one-horned gonothecae in the former, two-horned in the latter). If colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CA99B77FE95F2481" box="[151,291,1394,1418]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Cryptolaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pectinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CA99B77FE95F2481" box="[151,291,1394,1418]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. pectinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
conceivably have one and two-horned gonothecae (perhaps male and female), could
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CEE3B77EED102481" box="[1261,1388,1394,1418]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CEE3B77EED102481" box="[1261,1388,1394,1418]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CA99B79AE93D24A5" box="[151,321,1431,1454]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CA99B79AE93D24A5" box="[151,321,1431,1454]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. sagamiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
be the male and female colonies of a single species given that their main difference is the number of horns on their gonothecae?
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFA8FF92C809B7B4EAD224DA" author="Millard" box="[519,686,1465,1489]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1964) The Hydrozoa of the South and west coasts of South Africa. Part II. The Lafoeidae, Syntheciidae and Sertulariidae. Annals of the South African Museum, 48, 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1964">Millard (1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFA8FF92C8B3B7B4EA8424DA" author="Millard" box="[701,760,1465,1489]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the hydroids of Southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) stated that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92C9BCB7B6EC4924D9" box="[946,1077,1466,1490]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92C9BCB7B6EC4924D9" box="[946,1077,1466,1490]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gonothecae of both sexes are identical and two-horned (but occur in different colonies). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92C968B7D2EC6E24FD" box="[870,1042,1503,1526]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92C968B7D2EC6E24FD" box="[870,1042,1503,1526]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. sagamiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, one-horned gonothecae are male (Hirohito 1983, 1995), or of undetermined sex (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFA8FF92C8CEB40CEBA12712" author="Calder" box="[704,989,1537,1561]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Calder, D. R. & Vervoort, W. (1998) Some hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, in the North Atlantic Ocean. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 319, 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1998">Calder & Vervoort 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CE04B40EECF02711" box="[1034,1164,1538,1562]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CE04B40EECF02711" box="[1034,1164,1538,1562]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. echinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DAA4579FFFA8FF92CE9AB40FEC8D2712" box="[1172,1265,1538,1561]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; Watson 2003; Vervoort 2006), and apparently, its female gonothecae have not been described. Given that gonothecae are polygonal as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CB6FB446E99B2769" box="[353,487,1610,1634]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CB6FB446E99B2769" box="[353,487,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hirohito 1995; Vervoort 2006), but also cylindrical (Watson 2003), there is meaningful variability. For this reason, a description of the female gonosome of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CE87B462ED47278D" box="[1161,1339,1647,1670]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CE87B462ED47278D" box="[1161,1339,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Z. sagamiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and an evaluation of the shape of the gonothecae as a taxonomic character are needed to establish the status of both species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CB1EB4BBE9E927C5" box="[272,405,1718,1742]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CB1EB4BBE9E927C5" box="[272,405,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Zygophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BBF9657DFFA8FF92CAC9B4D4EADA26AE" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="F35C36F6FFA8FF92CAC9B4D4ED682632" blockId="6.[151,1436,1285,1957]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CAC9B4D4E92527F9" bold="true" box="[199,345,1753,1778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34E34D75FFA8FF92CB66B4D7EA2D27F9" box="[360,593,1754,1778]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C197EAE4FFA8FF92CB66B4D7EA2D27F9" box="[360,593,1754,1778]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Zygophylax africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is evidently a rare species. While it has been mentioned in several papers, original records of it are few. It was first described from South African coasts (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFA8FF92CE0FB4F0ECD8261E" author="Stechow" box="[1025,1188,1789,1813]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Stechow, E. (1923) Neue Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige andre Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 53, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1923">
|
||
Stechow
|
||
<quantity id="341B9B13FFA8FF92CE67B4F0ECD8261E" box="[1129,1188,1789,1813]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.923178" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="1923.178">1923</quantity>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 178 m depth;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFA8FF92CF46B4F0E8AE2632" author="Millard" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1964) The Hydrozoa of the South and west coasts of South Africa. Part II. The Lafoeidae, Syntheciidae and Sertulariidae. Annals of the South African Museum, 48, 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1964">Millard 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97724B07FFA8FF92CAD3B52CE9642632" author="Millard" box="[221,280,1825,1849]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the hydroids of Southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 137–
|
||
<quantity id="341B9B13FFA8FF92CB54B52CE9DD2632" box="[346,417,1825,1849]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6399999999999997" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="364.0">364 m</quantity>
|
||
depth), and is also known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8BF47666FFA8FF92C905B52FEB372632" box="[779,843,1826,1849]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Hirohito 1983, 1995,
|
||
<quantity id="341B9B13FFA8FF92CE43B52CECC22632" box="[1101,1214,1825,1849]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.65" metricValueMax="10.3" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="76.5" valueMax="103.0" valueMin="50.0">50–103 m</quantity>
|
||
depth).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F35C36F6FFA8FF92CAC9B548EADA26AE" blockId="6.[151,1436,1285,1957]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
The species was dredged from a depth of
|
||
<quantity id="341B9B13FFA8FF92C8ACB548EB5E2656" box="[674,802,1861,1885]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.915" metricValueMax="7.9" metricValueMin="5.93" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="691.5" valueMax="790.0" valueMin="593.0">593–790 m</quantity>
|
||
in La Gaviera Canyon (Avilés Canyon System). This is the deepest record of the species, the northernmost record in the Atlantic Ocean, and the first time that it has been collected within the European and ERMS area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |