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<mods:title>A new species of Astyanax Baird &amp; Girard (Ostariophysi: Characidae) from the rio Taquari-Antas basin, southern Brazil</mods:title>
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ur n:lsid:zooban k.org:act: 
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<figureCitation box="[401,494,973,997]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="1.[129,168,1901,1925]" captionStartId-1="3.[129,169,1071,1095]" captionTargetBox-0="[251,1328,1362,1891]" captionTargetBox-1="[129,768,174,1058]" captionTargetId-0="figure-566@1.[251,1328,1362,1891]" captionTargetId-1="figure-12@3.[129,768,174,1058]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Astyanax bagual, UFRGS 19525, 74.1 mm SL, male, holotype, rio Carreiro downstream to hydroeletric plant PCH Linha Emília, rio Taquari-Antas, laguna dos Patos system, Dois Lageados, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Astyanax bagual, UFRGS 17834, 68.4 mm SL, paratype. Upper and lower jaws left side, medial view. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551321" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551323" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4551321/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4551323/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Figs. 1-2</figureCitation>
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Becker 
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3114479314" accessionNumber="MCP 33623" collectingDate="2002-11-06" collectionCode="MCP" collectorName="Latini. &amp; Antas" country="Brazil" latitude="-29.091389" location="Nova Roma do Sul" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-51.711666" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" specimenCode="1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<geoCoordinate box="[813,942,526,550]" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" precision="15" seconds="29" value="-29.091389">29º05’29”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[951,1085,526,550]" degrees="51" direction="west" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" precision="15" seconds="42" value="-51.711666">51º42’42”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[1098,1235,526,550]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" value="2002-11-06">
<collectingDate box="[1098,1235,526,550]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" value="2002-11-06">6 Nov 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
, J. D. 
<collectorName box="[1309,1385,526,550]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Latini.</collectorName>
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MCP33623" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">
<collectionCode box="[1394,1451,526,550]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">MCP</collectionCode>
33623
</accessionNumber>
, 
<specimenCode box="[893,907,558,582]" collectionCode="MCP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">1</specimenCode>
, 
<quantity box="[920,1017,558,582]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.27" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="62.7">62.7 mm</quantity>
SL, rio das 
<collectorName box="[1153,1223,558,582]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Antas</collectorName>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C287AEFFD3FFCBE933FCC0FD107AF1:8EB46063FFD3FFCEECF8FDA2FA2D7F1D" box="[1234,1447,558,582]" country="Brazil" latitude="-29.091389" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-51.711666" name="Nova Roma do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">Nova Roma do Sul</location>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3114479312" accessionNumber="MCP 33640" collectingDate="2003-01-18" collectionCode="MCP" collectorName="Latini. &amp; Antas" country="Brazil" latitude="-29.01111" location="Nova Roma do Sul" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-51.372776" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" specimenCode="1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<geoCoordinate box="[813,939,590,614]" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-29.01111">29º00’40ºS</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[948,1084,590,614]" degrees="51" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" precision="15" seconds="22" value="-51.372776">51º22’22ºW</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[1096,1236,590,614]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" value="2003-01-18">
<collectingDate box="[1096,1236,590,614]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" value="2003-01-18">18 Jan 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
, J. D. 
<collectorName box="[1309,1386,590,614]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Latini.</collectorName>
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MCP33640" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">
<collectionCode box="[1394,1451,590,614]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">MCP</collectionCode>
33640
</accessionNumber>
, 
<specimenCode box="[900,913,622,646]" collectionCode="MCP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">1</specimenCode>
, 65.0 mm SL, rio das 
<collectorName box="[1190,1260,622,646]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Antas</collectorName>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C287AEFFD3FFCBE933FCC0FD107AF1:8EB46063FFD3FFCEECD1FDE2FCDC7FFD" country="Brazil" latitude="-29.01111" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-51.372776" name="Nova Roma do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">Nova Roma do Sul</location>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3114479306" collectingDate="2002-10-01" collectionCode="UFRGS" collectorName="Latini. &amp; Serafina Correa" country="Brazil" latitude="-29.01111" location="rio Carreiro" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-51.372776" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" specimenCode="UFRGS 6398, 9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<geoCoordinate box="[868,995,654,678]" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-29.01111">29º00’40ºS</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1006,1145,654,678]" degrees="51" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" precision="15" seconds="22" value="-51.372776">51º22’22”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[1160,1296,654,678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" value="2002-10-01">
<collectingDate box="[1160,1296,654,678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" value="2002-10-01">1 Oct 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
, J. D. 
<collectorName box="[1375,1452,654,678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Latini.</collectorName>
<specimenCode box="[813,965,686,710]" collectionCode="UFRGS" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q02-t412" name="Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">UFRGS 6398</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[975,990,686,710]" collectionCode="UFRGS" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q02-t412" name="Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">9</specimenCode>
, 56.0- 
<quantity box="[1057,1156,686,710]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.84" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="78.4">78.4 mm</quantity>
SL, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C287AEFFD3FFCBE933FCC0FD107AF1:8EB46063FFD3FFCEEC92FD23FACA7F9D" box="[1208,1344,686,710]" country="Brazil" latitude="-29.01111" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-51.372776" name="rio Carreiro" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">rio Carreiro</location>
, 
<collectorName pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Serafina Corrêa</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3114479304" collectingDate="2003-10" collectingDateMax="2005-01" collectingDateMin="2003-10" collectionCode="UFRGS" country="Brazil" county="rio Carreiro" latitude="-28.727777" location="rio Carreiro" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-51.84889" municipality="Guapore" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" specimenCode="UFRGS 6966, 4, UFRGS 8958, 3" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<geoCoordinate box="[906,1032,718,742]" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-28.727777">28º43’40”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1040,1178,718,742]" degrees="51" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" precision="15" seconds="56" value="-51.84889">51º50’56”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[1189,1319,718,742]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" value="2003-10-05">
<collectingDate box="[1189,1319,718,742]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" value="2003-10-05">5 Oct 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName box="[1331,1451,718,742]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">J. A. Anza</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[844,991,750,774]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">F. S. Villela.</collectorName>
<specimenCode box="[1001,1158,750,774]" collectionCode="UFRGS" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q02-t412" name="Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">UFRGS 6966</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[1172,1188,750,774]" collectionCode="UFRGS" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q02-t412" name="Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">4</specimenCode>
, 
<quantity box="[1203,1360,750,774]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.005" metricValueMax="7.68" metricValueMin="6.33" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="70.05" valueMax="76.8" valueMin="63.3">63.3-76.8 mm</quantity>
SL, 
<collectingCounty pageId="1" pageNumber="266">rio Carreiro</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality box="[927,1027,782,806]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Guaporé</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<date box="[1043,1150,782,806]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" value="2003-10">
<collectingDate box="[1043,1150,782,806]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" value="2003-10">Oct 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
to 
<date box="[1195,1301,782,806]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" value="2005-01">
<collectingDate box="[1195,1301,782,806]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" value="2005-01">Jan 2005</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName box="[1317,1451,782,806]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">J. A. Anza.</collectorName>
<specimenCode box="[813,967,814,838]" collectionCode="UFRGS" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q02-t412" name="Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">UFRGS 8958</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[981,996,814,838]" collectionCode="UFRGS" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q02-t412" name="Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">3</specimenCode>
, 
<quantity box="[1010,1168,814,838]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" metricValueMax="5.4399999999999995" metricValueMin="4.66" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="50.5" valueMax="54.4" valueMin="46.6">46.6-54.4 mm</quantity>
SL, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C287AEFFD3FFCBE933FCC0FD107AF1:8EB46063FFD3FFCEECE0FCA3FAD97E1D" box="[1226,1363,814,838]" country="Brazil" county="rio Carreiro" latitude="-28.727777" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-51.84889" municipality="Guapore" name="rio Carreiro" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">rio Carreiro</location>
near to hydroeletric plant PCH 
<collectorName box="[1097,1255,846,870]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Linha Emília</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[1271,1447,846,870]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Dois Lageados</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3114479311" collectingDate="2006-10-02" collectionCode="UFRGS" country="Brazil" latitude="-28.941666" location="Nova Roma do Sul" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-51.775" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" specimenCode="UFRGS 10437, 1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<geoCoordinate box="[813,941,878,902]" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-28.941666">28º56’30”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[952,1088,878,902]" degrees="51" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-51.775">51º46’30”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[1104,1238,878,902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" value="2006-10-02">
<collectingDate box="[1104,1238,878,902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" value="2006-10-02">2 Oct 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
, J. 
<collectorName box="[1280,1349,879,902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Ferrer</collectorName>
&amp; C. E. 
<collectorName box="[813,924,910,934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Machado.</collectorName>
<specimenCode box="[935,1103,910,934]" collectionCode="UFRGS" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q02-t412" name="Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">UFRGS 10437</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[1119,1132,910,934]" collectionCode="UFRGS" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q02-t412" name="Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">1</specimenCode>
, 
<quantity box="[1149,1249,910,934]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.409999999999999" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="74.1">74.1 mm</quantity>
SL, rio da 
<collectorName box="[1392,1450,911,934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Prata</collectorName>
near mouth of arroio 
<collectorName box="[1088,1186,943,966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Jararaca</collectorName>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C287AEFFD3FFCBE933FCC0FD107AF1:8EB46063FFD3FFCEEC9CFC22FA2D7E9D" box="[1206,1447,942,966]" country="Brazil" latitude="-28.941666" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-51.775" name="Nova Roma do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">Nova Roma do Sul</location>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3114479305" collectingDate="2008-09-10" collectionCode="UFRGS" country="Brazil" latitude="-28.941666" location="rio Carreiro" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-51.44167" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" specimenCode="UFRGS 12295, 1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<geoCoordinate box="[813,942,974,998]" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-28.941666">28º56’30”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[954,1093,974,998]" degrees="51" direction="west" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-51.44167">51º26’30”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[1110,1263,974,998]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" value="2008-09-10">
<collectingDate box="[1110,1263,974,998]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" value="2008-09-10">10 Sep 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
, J. 
<collectorName box="[1309,1379,975,998]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Ferrer</collectorName>
&amp; G. L. 
<collectorName box="[845,935,1006,1030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Frainer.</collectorName>
<specimenCode box="[943,1111,1006,1030]" collectionCode="UFRGS" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q02-t412" name="Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">UFRGS 12295</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[1123,1137,1006,1030]" collectionCode="UFRGS" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q02-t412" name="Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">1</specimenCode>
, 
<quantity box="[1152,1252,1006,1030]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.81" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="68.1">68.1 mm</quantity>
SL, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C287AEFFD3FFCBE933FCC0FD107AF1:8EB46063FFD3FFCEED36FC63FA2D795D" box="[1308,1447,1006,1030]" country="Brazil" latitude="-28.941666" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-51.44167" name="rio Carreiro" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">rio Carreiro</location>
, 
<collectorName box="[813,914,1038,1062]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Guaporé</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3114479315" collectingDate="2012-03-12" collectionCode="UFRGS" country="Brazil" latitude="-28.852222" location="rio Carreiro" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-51.8325" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" specimenCode="UFRGS 12296, 6, 63.1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<geoCoordinate box="[924,1051,1038,1062]" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" precision="15" seconds="08" value="-28.852222">28º51’08”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1057,1192,1038,1062]" degrees="51" direction="west" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" precision="15" seconds="57" value="-51.8325">51º49’57”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[1203,1347,1038,1062]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" value="2012-03-12">
<collectingDate box="[1203,1347,1038,1062]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" value="2012-03-12">12 Mar 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
, J. 
<collectorName box="[1382,1451,1039,1062]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Ferrer</collectorName>
&amp; J. M. 
<collectorName box="[915,1016,1070,1094]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Wingert.</collectorName>
<specimenCode box="[1027,1198,1070,1094]" collectionCode="UFRGS" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q02-t412" name="Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">UFRGS 12296</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[1213,1229,1070,1094]" collectionCode="UFRGS" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q02-t412" name="Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">6</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[1245,1291,1070,1094]" collectionCode="UFRGS" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q02-t412" name="Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">63.1</specimenCode>
-72.0 mm SL, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C287AEFFD3FFCBE933FCC0FD107AF1:8EB46063FFD3FFCEEB07FBC3FC30793D" box="[813,954,1102,1126]" country="Brazil" latitude="-28.852222" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-51.8325" name="rio Carreiro" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">rio Carreiro</location>
downstream to PCH 
<collectorName box="[1222,1381,1102,1126]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Linha Emília</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Dois Lajeados</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3114479307" collectingDate="2010-03-10" collectionCode="UFRGS" country="Brazil" latitude="-28.943054" location="rio Carreiro" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-51.768055" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" specimenCode="UFRGS 13733, 1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<geoCoordinate box="[940,1069,1134,1158]" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" precision="15" seconds="35" value="-28.943054">28º56’35”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1087,1224,1134,1158]" degrees="51" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" precision="15" seconds="05" value="-51.768055">51º46’05”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[1246,1412,1134,1158]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" value="2010-03-10">
<collectingDate box="[1246,1412,1134,1158]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" value="2010-03-10">10 Mar 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
, J. 
<collectorName box="[813,883,1167,1190]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Ferrer</collectorName>
&amp; J. M. 
<collectorName box="[987,1089,1166,1190]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Wingert.</collectorName>
<specimenCode box="[1097,1263,1166,1190]" collectionCode="UFRGS" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q02-t412" name="Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">UFRGS 13733</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[1276,1290,1166,1190]" collectionCode="UFRGS" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q02-t412" name="Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">1</specimenCode>
, 
<quantity box="[1305,1404,1166,1190]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.15" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="61.5">61.5 mm</quantity>
SL, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C287AEFFD3FFCBE933FCC0FD107AF1:8EB46063FFD3FFCEEB07FB23FC30799D" box="[813,954,1198,1222]" country="Brazil" latitude="-28.943054" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-51.768055" name="rio Carreiro" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">rio Carreiro</location>
, 
<collectorName box="[969,1069,1198,1222]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Guaporé</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3114479310" collectingDate="2010-09-29" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Bertaco &amp; Rosa." country="Brazil" county="Dois Lageados" latitude="-28.852222" location="Linha Emilia" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-51.8325" municipality="rio Carreiro" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" specimenCode="UFRGS 17834, 7" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<geoCoordinate box="[1084,1210,1198,1222]" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" precision="15" seconds="08" value="-28.852222">28º51’08”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1221,1356,1198,1222]" degrees="51" direction="west" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" precision="15" seconds="57" value="-51.8325">51º49’57”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date pageId="1" pageNumber="266" value="2010-09-29">
<collectingDate pageId="1" pageNumber="266" value="2010-09-29">29 Sep 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectionCode box="[879,900,1231,1254]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
. A. 
<collectorName box="[942,1032,1231,1254]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Bertaco</collectorName>
&amp; G. 
<collectorName box="[1099,1163,1231,1254]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Rosa.</collectorName>
<specimenCode box="[1168,1333,1230,1254]" collectionCode="UFRGS" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q02-t412" name="Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">UFRGS 17834</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[1343,1357,1231,1254]" collectionCode="UFRGS" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q02-t412" name="Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">7</specimenCode>
(3 c&amp;s), 65.0- 
<quantity box="[868,968,1262,1286]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.84" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="78.4">78.4 mm</quantity>
SL (+2 ethyl alcohol anhydrous), collected with holotype
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551321" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4551321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4551321/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" startId="1.[129,168,1901,1925]" targetBox="[251,1328,1362,1891]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph blockId="1.[129,1451,1901,1958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,200,1901,1925]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority=", UFRGS" authorityName="UFRGS" box="[208,488,1901,1925]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagual">
<emphasis box="[208,387,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Astyanax bagual</emphasis>
, UFRGS
</taxonomicName>
19525, 74.1 mm SL, male, holotype, rio Carreiro downstream to hydroeletric plant PCH Linha Emília, rio Taquari-Antas, laguna dos Patos system, Dois Lageados, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="267" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,775,174,1766]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,259,174,198]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[270,462,174,198]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagual">
<emphasis box="[270,462,174,198]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Astyanax bagual</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from all congeners inhabiting the rio 
<collectingCountry box="[346,444,207,231]" name="Uruguay" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
basin, laguna dos Patos and rio Tramandaí systems by the following characters: first humeral spot vertically elongate with upper portion wider than lower portion and slightly directed forward (
<emphasis box="[144,174,335,358]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">vs.</emphasis>
presence of oval spot with two brown vertical bars in humeral region in 
<taxonomicName authority="(Cope)" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[396,651,366,390]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jacuhiensis">
<emphasis box="[396,560,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. jacuhiensis</emphasis>
(Cope)
</taxonomicName>
, oval spot in 
<taxonomicName authority="(Cope)" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[169,380,398,422]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laticeps">
<emphasis box="[169,291,398,422]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. laticeps</emphasis>
(Cope)
</taxonomicName>
, and forming a uniform wedge in 
<taxonomicName authority="(Cope)" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[136,448,430,454]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eigenmanniorum">
<emphasis box="[136,359,431,454]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. eigenmanniorum</emphasis>
(Cope)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Melo &amp; Buckup" authorityName="Melo &amp; Buckup" box="[461,771,430,454]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="henseli">
<emphasis box="[461,574,430,454]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. henseli</emphasis>
Melo &amp; Buckup
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Caciotta, Almiron &amp; Azpelicueta" authorityName="Caciotta, Almiron &amp; Azpelicueta" box="[136,681,462,486]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saguazu">
<emphasis box="[136,267,463,486]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. saguazu</emphasis>
Caciotta, Almirón &amp; Azpelicueta
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="(Messner)" baseAuthorityName="Messner" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenohalinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. stenohalinus</emphasis>
(Messner)
</taxonomicName>
; two humeral spots (
<emphasis box="[688,711,495,518]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">vs</emphasis>
. one in 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[174,403,527,550]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eigenmanniorum">
<emphasis box="[174,403,527,550]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. eigenmanniorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="(Cuvier)" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[426,731,526,550]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis box="[426,450,527,550]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A.</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis box="[520,621,526,550]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">fasciatus</emphasis>
(Cuvier)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jacuhiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. jacuhiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[338,463,558,582]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laticeps">
<emphasis box="[338,463,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. laticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 24-28 branched anal-fin rays (
<emphasis box="[203,226,591,614]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">vs</emphasis>
. 18 or less in 
<taxonomicName authority="Bertaco &amp; Malabarba" authorityName="Bertaco &amp; Malabarba" authorityYear="2001" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachypterygium">
<emphasis box="[410,639,590,614]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. brachypterygium</emphasis>
Bertaco &amp; Malabarba
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="Bertaco &amp; Malabarba" authorityName="Bertaco &amp; Malabarba" authorityYear="2001" box="[307,732,622,646]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cremnobates">
<emphasis box="[307,481,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. cremnobates</emphasis>
Bertaco &amp; Malabarba
</taxonomicName>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.207" metricValueMax="5.842" metricValueMin="4.572" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="in" value="20.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="18.0">18- 23 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName authority="Lucena, Castro &amp; Bertaco" authorityName="Lucena, Castro &amp; Bertaco" authorityYear="2013" box="[202,641,654,678]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="procerus">
<emphasis box="[202,335,655,678]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. procerus</emphasis>
Lucena, Castro &amp; Bertaco
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="Lucena, Castro &amp; Bertaco" authorityName="Lucena, Castro &amp; Bertaco" authorityYear="2013" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xiru">
<emphasis box="[697,775,655,678]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. xiru</emphasis>
Lucena, Castro &amp; Bertaco
</taxonomicName>
, 
<quantity box="[440,532,686,710]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.334" metricValueMax="5.588" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="in" value="21.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="20.0">20-22 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName authority="Azpelicueta, Almiron &amp; Casciotta" authorityName="Azpelicueta, Almiron &amp; Casciotta" authorityYear="2002" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paris">
<emphasis box="[538,626,687,710]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. paris</emphasis>
Azpelicueta, Almirón &amp; Casciotta
</taxonomicName>
, 
<quantity box="[389,480,718,742]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.699" metricValueMax="5.334" metricValueMin="4.064" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="in" value="18.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="16.0">16-21 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName authority="(Hensel)" baseAuthorityName="Hensel" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[487,727,718,742]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis box="[487,621,718,742]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. obscurus</emphasis>
(Hensel)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.826" metricValueMax="5.842" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="in" value="19.0" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="15.0">15- 23 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[202,322,750,774]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laticeps">
<emphasis box="[202,322,750,774]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. laticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<quantity box="[337,430,750,774]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.445" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="in" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15-20 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName authority="Lucena, Bertaco &amp; Berbigier" authorityName="Lucena, Bertaco &amp; Berbigier" authorityYear="2013" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pirabitira">
<emphasis box="[438,580,750,774]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. pirabitira</emphasis>
Lucena, Bertaco &amp; Berbigier
</taxonomicName>
, 
<quantity box="[291,388,782,806]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.461" metricValueMax="5.842" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="in" value="21.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="20.0">20-23 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName authority="Azpelicueta &amp; Garcia" authorityName="Azpelicueta &amp; Garcia" authorityYear="2000" box="[400,770,782,806]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ojiara">
<emphasis box="[400,503,783,806]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. ojiara</emphasis>
Azpelicueta &amp; Garcia
</taxonomicName>
; 
<quantity box="[136,229,814,838]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" metricValueMax="6.096" metricValueMin="5.588" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="in" value="23.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="22.0">22-24 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName authority="Bertaco" authorityName="Bertaco" authorityYear="2014" box="[237,493,814,838]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="douradilho">
<emphasis box="[237,392,814,838]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. douradilho</emphasis>
Bertaco
</taxonomicName>
); 2-4 maxillary tricuspid teeth (
<emphasis box="[211,234,847,870]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">vs</emphasis>
. one in 
<taxonomicName authority="Protogino, Miquelarena &amp; Lopez" authorityName="Protogino, Miquelarena &amp; Lopez" authorityYear="2006" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aramburui">
<emphasis box="[336,492,846,870]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. aramburui</emphasis>
Protogino, Miquelarena &amp; López
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Lucena &amp; Thofehrn" authorityName="Lucena &amp; Thofehrn" authorityYear="2013" box="[255,638,878,902]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dissensus">
<emphasis box="[255,396,878,902]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. dissensus</emphasis>
Lucena &amp; Thofehrn
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1819" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis box="[703,719,879,902]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A</emphasis>
. aff. 
<emphasis box="[136,236,910,934]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">fasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 37-39 perforated scales along the lateral line (
<emphasis box="[144,167,943,966]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">vs</emphasis>
. 
<quantity box="[183,277,942,966]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" metricValueMax="9.144" metricValueMin="8.636" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="in" value="35.0" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="34.0">34-36 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Azpelicueta, Almiron &amp; Casciotta" authorityYear="2002" box="[287,377,943,966]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paris">
<emphasis box="[287,377,943,966]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. paris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and 14 scale rows around caudal peduncle (
<emphasis box="[254,277,975,998]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">vs</emphasis>
. 
<quantity box="[292,384,974,998]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.937" metricValueMax="4.064" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="in" value="15.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="15.0">15-16 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName box="[394,568,974,998]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenohalinus">
<emphasis box="[394,568,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. stenohalinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Furthermore, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagual">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. bagual</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bertaco" authorityYear="2014" box="[380,541,1006,1030]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="douradilho">
<emphasis box="[380,541,1006,1030]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. douradilho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[606,735,1007,1030]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saguazu">
<emphasis box="[606,735,1007,1030]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. saguazu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by body depth (37.9-45.9% of SL, mean = 43.3% 
<emphasis box="[677,700,1039,1062]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">vs</emphasis>
. 34.4- 41.0% of SL, mean = 37.0% and 30.9-39.0% of SL, mean = 35.6%); and from 
<taxonomicName box="[372,498,1103,1126]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saguazu">
<emphasis box="[372,498,1103,1126]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. saguazu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[560,737,1102,1126]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenohalinus">
<emphasis box="[560,737,1102,1126]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. stenohalinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by preanal distance (62.4-69.1% of SL, mean = 65.5% 
<emphasis box="[745,768,1135,1158]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">vs</emphasis>
. 56.0-61.2% of SL, mean = 58.7% and 58.2-62.7% of SL, mean = 59.8%), respectively; and from 
<taxonomicName box="[598,775,1198,1222]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenohalinus">
<emphasis box="[598,775,1198,1222]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. stenohalinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the anal-fin origin located at vertical through last dorsal-fin ray insertions 
<emphasis box="[433,456,1263,1286]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">vs</emphasis>
. before a vertical through last dorsal-fin ray insertions. The following combination of characters distinguish 
<taxonomicName box="[451,571,1326,1350]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagual">
<emphasis box="[451,571,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. bagual</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from all others species of the genus (including the species complex 
<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bimaculatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. bimaculatus</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="Jenyns" authorityName="Jenyns" box="[452,718,1390,1414]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabripinnis">
<emphasis box="[452,626,1390,1414]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">A. scabripinnis</emphasis>
Jenyns
</taxonomicName>
): the presence of two vertically elongated humeral spots (the anterior humeral spot with upper portion wider than lower portion and slightly directed forward), 24-28 branched anal-fin rays, 37-39 perforated lateral line scales, outer row of premaxilla with tricuspid teeth, inner premaxilla row with pentacuspid teeth, 2-4 maxillary tricuspid teeth, small bony hooks on all fins of mature males, conspicuous caudal peduncle spot, body depth (37.9-45.9% of SL), preanal distance (62.4-69.1% of SL), anal-fin base length (29.7-35.6% of SL), and orbital diameter (29.5-38.2% of HL).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="DF146630FFD0FFCDEB1EFC22FC28791C" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF146630FFD0FFCDEB1EFC22FC28791C" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" startId="2.[820,884,943,967]" targetBox="[828,1431,1118,1941]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph blockId="2.[820,1459,943,1095]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[820,915,943,967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Table 1.</emphasis>
Morphometric data for holotype and paratypes of 
<taxonomicName box="[850,1038,975,999]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagual">
<emphasis box="[850,1038,975,999]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Astyanax bagual</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, n = 31 (including holotype) from the rio Taquari-Antas basin, rio Jacuí drainage, laguna dos Patos system, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. SD = standard deviation.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<table box="[828,1431,1118,1941]" gridcols="5" gridrows="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<tr box="[828,1431,1118,1137]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" rowspan-0="1">
<th box="[1094,1173,1118,1137]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Holotype</th>
<th box="[1198,1283,1118,1137]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Range</th>
<th box="[1309,1358,1118,1137]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Mean</th>
<th box="[1403,1431,1118,1137]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">SD</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[828,1431,1161,1180]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<th box="[828,1044,1161,1180]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Standard length (mm)</th>
<td box="[1094,1173,1161,1180]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">74.1</td>
<td box="[1198,1283,1161,1180]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">46.7-78.4</td>
<td box="[1309,1358,1161,1180]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">64.8</td>
<td box="[1403,1431,1161,1180]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">-</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[828,1431,1203,1222]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<th box="[828,1431,1203,1222]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Percents of Standard length</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[828,1431,1245,1264]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<th box="[828,1044,1245,1264]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Predorsal distance</th>
<td box="[1094,1173,1245,1264]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">54.5</td>
<td box="[1198,1283,1245,1264]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">51.7-56.2</td>
<td box="[1309,1358,1245,1264]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">54.4</td>
<td box="[1403,1431,1245,1264]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">1.2</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[828,1431,1287,1306]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<th box="[828,1044,1287,1306]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Prepelvic distance</th>
<td box="[1094,1173,1287,1306]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">48.5</td>
<td box="[1198,1283,1287,1306]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">46.5-52.2</td>
<td box="[1309,1358,1287,1306]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">49.3</td>
<td box="[1403,1431,1287,1306]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[828,1431,1330,1349]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<th box="[828,1044,1330,1349]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Prepectoral distance</th>
<td box="[1094,1173,1330,1349]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">27.5</td>
<td box="[1198,1283,1330,1349]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">25.4-30.4</td>
<td box="[1309,1358,1330,1349]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">27.6</td>
<td box="[1403,1431,1330,1349]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">1.2</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[828,1431,1372,1391]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<th box="[828,1044,1372,1391]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Preanal distance</th>
<td box="[1094,1173,1372,1391]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">64.8</td>
<td box="[1198,1283,1372,1391]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">62.4-69.1</td>
<td box="[1309,1358,1372,1391]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">65.5</td>
<td box="[1403,1431,1372,1391]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">1.8</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[828,1431,1414,1434]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<th box="[828,1044,1414,1434]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Depth at dorsal-fin origin</th>
<td box="[1094,1173,1414,1434]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">45.2</td>
<td box="[1198,1283,1414,1434]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">37.9-45.9</td>
<td box="[1309,1358,1414,1434]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">43.3</td>
<td box="[1403,1431,1414,1434]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">1.9</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[828,1431,1456,1476]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<th box="[828,1044,1456,1476]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Caudal peduncle depth</th>
<td box="[1094,1173,1456,1476]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">12.9</td>
<td box="[1198,1283,1456,1476]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">11.2-13.1</td>
<td box="[1309,1358,1456,1476]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">12.3</td>
<td box="[1403,1431,1456,1476]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[828,1431,1499,1518]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<th box="[828,1044,1499,1518]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Caudal peduncle length</th>
<td box="[1094,1173,1499,1518]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">13.0</td>
<td box="[1198,1283,1499,1518]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">10.8-13.5</td>
<td box="[1309,1358,1499,1518]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">12.5</td>
<td box="[1403,1431,1499,1518]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">0.7</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[828,1431,1541,1560]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<th box="[828,1044,1541,1560]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Anal-fin base length</th>
<td box="[1094,1173,1541,1560]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">33.4</td>
<td box="[1198,1283,1541,1560]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">29.7-35.6</td>
<td box="[1309,1358,1541,1560]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">33.4</td>
<td box="[1403,1431,1541,1560]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">1.7</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[828,1431,1583,1603]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<th box="[828,1044,1583,1603]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Dorsal-fin length</th>
<td box="[1094,1173,1583,1603]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">30.3</td>
<td box="[1198,1283,1583,1603]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">28.5-33.2</td>
<td box="[1309,1358,1583,1603]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">30.6</td>
<td box="[1403,1431,1583,1603]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[828,1431,1626,1645]" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<th box="[828,1044,1626,1645]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Pelvic-fin length</th>
<td box="[1094,1173,1626,1645]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">18.6</td>
<td box="[1198,1283,1626,1645]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">16.2-21.0</td>
<td box="[1309,1358,1626,1645]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">18.2</td>
<td box="[1403,1431,1626,1645]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">1.1</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[828,1431,1668,1687]" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<th box="[828,1044,1668,1687]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Pectoral-fin length</th>
<td box="[1094,1173,1668,1687]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">25.3</td>
<td box="[1198,1283,1668,1687]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">22.8-27.9</td>
<td box="[1309,1358,1668,1687]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">24.7</td>
<td box="[1403,1431,1668,1687]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[828,1431,1711,1730]" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<th box="[828,1044,1711,1730]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Head length</th>
<td box="[1094,1173,1711,1730]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">26.1</td>
<td box="[1198,1283,1711,1730]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">24.9-28.8</td>
<td box="[1309,1358,1711,1730]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">26.9</td>
<td box="[1403,1431,1711,1730]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[828,1431,1753,1772]" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<th box="[828,1431,1753,1772]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Percents of Head length</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[828,1431,1795,1814]" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<th box="[828,1044,1795,1814]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Snout length</th>
<td box="[1094,1173,1795,1814]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">23.8</td>
<td box="[1198,1283,1795,1814]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">20.6-25.1</td>
<td box="[1309,1358,1795,1814]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">22.8</td>
<td box="[1403,1431,1795,1814]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">1.2</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[828,1431,1837,1857]" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<th box="[828,1044,1837,1857]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Upper jaw length</th>
<td box="[1094,1173,1837,1857]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">45.2</td>
<td box="[1198,1283,1837,1857]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">36.3-46.1</td>
<td box="[1309,1358,1837,1857]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">42.5</td>
<td box="[1403,1431,1837,1857]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">2.4</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[828,1431,1880,1899]" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<th box="[828,1044,1880,1899]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Orbital diameter</th>
<td box="[1094,1173,1880,1899]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">33.8</td>
<td box="[1198,1283,1880,1899]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">29.5-38.2</td>
<td box="[1309,1358,1880,1899]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">34.0</td>
<td box="[1403,1431,1880,1899]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">1.6</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[828,1431,1922,1941]" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<th box="[828,1044,1922,1941]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Interorbital width</th>
<td box="[1094,1173,1922,1941]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">30.7</td>
<td box="[1198,1283,1922,1941]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">24.8-31.8</td>
<td box="[1309,1358,1922,1941]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">28.6</td>
<td box="[1403,1431,1922,1941]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">1.6</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="268" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,774,1806,1959]" lastBlockId="2.[820,1459,174,902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,278,1806,1830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Description.</emphasis>
Morphometric data summarized in 
<tableCitation box="[687,770,1807,1831]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[820,884,943,967]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data for holotype and paratypes of Astyanax bagual, n = 31 (including holotype) from the rio Taquari-Antas basin, rio Jacuí drainage, laguna dos Patos system, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. SD = standard deviation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF146630FFD0FFCDEB1EFC22FC28791C" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" tableUuid="DF146630FFD0FFCDEB1EFC22FC28791C">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Body compressed and moderately deep, with greatest body depth anterior to dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile of head strongly convex from tip of snout to vertical through nostrils, straight to slightly concave from that point to tip of supraoccipital spine. Dorsal profile of body convex from tip of supraoccipital spine to base of last dorsal-fin ray; straight from thatpoint to adipose fin origin. Ventral profile of body convex from mandibular symphysis to pelvic-fin origin, nearly straight to anal-fin origin, and posterodorsally slanted along anal-fin base. Caudal peduncle deep, nearly straight on dorsal and ventral margins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[820,1459,174,902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
Mouth terminal, isognathous jaw. Mouth slit nearly at horizontal through middle of eye. Maxilla extending posteriorly to vertical through anterior margin of orbit, reaching pupil. Premaxillary teeth in two rows: outer row with 4*(15), 5(9), or 6(4) tricuspid teeth, central cusp longer; inner row with five teeth, gradually decreasing in sizefrom first to fifth; usually with four cusps on first tooth, five cusps on second to fourth teeth and three cusps on fifth tooth. Maxilla with 2(12), 3(18), or 4*(1) tri- or pentacuspid teeth; central cusp broader than others. Dentary with 4*(31) large pentacuspid teeth, followed by six to nine small teeth, uni- to tetracuspid (
<figureCitation box="[1375,1446,782,806]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[129,169,1071,1095]" captionTargetBox="[129,768,174,1058]" captionTargetId="figure-12@3.[129,768,174,1058]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Astyanax bagual, UFRGS 17834, 68.4 mm SL, paratype. Upper and lower jaws left side, medial view. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4551323/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Median cusp in all cuspidate teeth longer than remaining cusps; cusp tips slightly curved lingually in dentary, premaxillary teeth cusps approximately straight.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[813,1452,174,326]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">Precaudal vertebrae 15(1) or 16(2); caudal vertebrae 20(2) or 21(1); total vertebrae 36(2) or 37(1). Supraneurals 3(1) to 5(2). Gill-rakers at upper branch 7(2) or 8(1) and at lower branch 10(1) or 11(2); total number of gill-rakers 17(1), 18(1), or 19(1).</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551323" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4551323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4551323/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="268" startId="3.[129,169,1071,1095]" targetBox="[129,768,174,1058]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph blockId="3.[129,768,1071,1160]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,207,1071,1095]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority=", UFRGS" authorityName="UFRGS" box="[220,518,1072,1096]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="268" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagual">
<emphasis box="[220,412,1072,1096]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">Astyanax bagual</emphasis>
, UFRGS
</taxonomicName>
17834, 68.4 mm SL, paratype. Upper and lower jaws left side, medial view. Scale bars = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="3.[129,768,1200,1960]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">Dorsal-fin rays i,10*(31); first unbranched ray approximately one-half the length of second ray. Distal margin of dorsal fin nearly straight to somewhat convex. Dorsal-fin origin slightly behind middle of SL. Adipose-fin origin at vertical through second or third last anal-fin rays. Anal-fin rays iii*(27) or iv(4), 24(4), 25*(9), 26(11), 27(4), or 28(3). Anal-fin origin posterior to vertical through base of last dorsal-fin ray. Pectoral-fin rays i,11(1), 12*(16), or 13(14). Pectoral-fin tip not reaching pelvic-fin insertion. Pelvic-fin rays i,7*(31). Pelvic-fin origin slightly anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Caudal fin forked, lobes similar in size, i,17,i*(30) principal rays. Dorsal procurrent rays 11(1) or 12(1) and ventral procurrent rays 10(1) or 11(1).</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[129,768,1200,1960]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">Lateral line complete with 37*(24), 38(2), or 39(4) scales. Scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 6(2), 7*(27), or 8(2); scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 5*(28) or 6(3). Predorsal scales11 (12), 12*(8), or 13(6) arranged in regular series. Scale rows around caudal peduncle 14*(30). Scale sheath along anal-fin base 10-15 scales 14*(29), in single series, covering base of anteriormost rays. Axilar scale longer than wide, relatively folded in half, and extending over 1-2 longitudinal scale series.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[813,1452,366,1095]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,1022,366,391]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">Color in alcohol.</emphasis>
Dorsal and dorsolateral portions of head and body dark brown. Infraorbital and opercular areas covered with scattered, dark chromatophores. Scales on lateral body with dark brown chromatophores. Body with black midlateral stripe extending from second humeral spot to caudal-fin base. Caudal peduncle spot black expanded dorsally and ventrally, extending to tip of middle caudal-fin rays. Two humeral spots. Anterior one conspicuous, vertically elongate with upper portion wider, located over third to fifth vertical series of scales, extending over two to three horizontal series of scales above lateral line; lower portion of spot narrow and slightly directed forward (one to two scales pigmented), extending over one to two horizontal series of scales below lateral line. Second humeral spot large, occasionally faint, not surpassing lateral line ventrally, extending over three horizontal series and two to three vertical series of scales, and in some specimens the lower portion wider than the upper portion. Scattered dark chromatophores on dorsal, adipose, caudal, and anal fins. Pectoral and pelvic fins with few dark chromatophores. Dark pigmentation on middle caudal-fin rays and along middle-distal portion of anal-fin rays (
<figureCitation box="[965,1028,1071,1095]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[129,168,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[251,1328,1362,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-566@1.[251,1328,1362,1891]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Astyanax bagual, UFRGS 19525, 74.1 mm SL, male, holotype, rio Carreiro downstream to hydroeletric plant PCH Linha Emília, rio Taquari-Antas, laguna dos Patos system, Dois Lageados, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4551321/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[813,1452,1135,1415]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,957,1135,1159]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">Color in life.</emphasis>
Color pattern similar to described for alcohol preserved specimens. Overall and head color pattern yellowish, slightly brown. Dorsolateral portion of body dark gray. Scales lateral on body silvery. Dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, and adipose fins with anterior portion yellowish and posterior reddish. Anal fin reddish at distal half of first rays and yellowish at proximal half of rays. Caudal fin almost completely reddish, except for middle yellowish portion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[813,1452,1455,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,1052,1455,1479]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
Mature males of 
<taxonomicName box="[1261,1452,1456,1480]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="268" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagual">
<emphasis box="[1261,1452,1456,1480]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">Astyanax bagual</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are recognized by the presence of small bony hooks on all fins. One paired bony hook per segment of ray in the last unbranched anal-fin ray and anteriormost anal-fin branched rays on middle and distal portions of rays. One paired bony hook per segment of ray on second to fifth pelvic-fin branched rays. Dorsal, pectoral, and caudal fins with few bony hooks dispersed in distal portions of rays. Gill glands (Burns &amp; Weitzman, 1996) or fusion of anteriormost gill filaments of the ventral branch of first gill arch (
<bibRefCitation author="Teran" box="[877,1076,1776,1800]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref6858" refString="Teran, G. E., S. Mangione &amp; J. M. Mirande. 2014. Gill-derived glands in species of Astyanax (Teleostei: Characidae). Acta Zoologica (Stockholm), 00: 1 - 8." type="book chapter" year="2014">
Terán 
<emphasis box="[950,1001,1776,1800]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">et al</emphasis>
., 2014
</bibRefCitation>
) were not found macroscopically on the both mature males and females.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="268" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="3.[813,1451,1872,1960]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,964,1872,1896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[969,1154,1872,1896]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="268" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagual">
<emphasis box="[969,1154,1872,1896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">Astyanax bagual</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from rio Taquari- Antas basin, rio Jacuí drainage, laguna dos Patos system, 
<collectingRegion box="[813,1084,1936,1960]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">Rio Grande do Sul State</collectingRegion>
, southern 
<collectingCountry box="[1198,1266,1936,1960]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation box="[1281,1346,1936,1960]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[136,175,1004,1028]" captionTargetBox="[213,1388,177,988]" captionTargetId="figure-419@4.[206,1389,174,994]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Map of southern Brazil showing the distribution of the examined material of Astyanax bagual. Some symbols represent more than one lot or locality. T = type locality." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4551325/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551325" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4551325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4551325/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="269" startId="4.[136,175,1004,1028]" targetBox="[213,1388,177,988]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,1459,1004,1061]" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,210,1004,1029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
Map of southern Brazil showing the distribution of the examined material of 
<taxonomicName box="[1096,1281,1005,1029]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="269" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagual">
<emphasis box="[1096,1281,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">Astyanax bagual</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Some symbols represent more than one lot or locality. T = type locality.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="269" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,775,1105,1321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,270,1105,1129]" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet 
<taxonomicName box="[543,620,1105,1129]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="269" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagual">
<emphasis box="[543,620,1105,1129]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">bagual</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from Tupi- Guarani, means wild horse, or what is mortal, or dangerous to mount. This expression is used mainly to convey the information that a given horse is a male reproductive in the countryside of 
<collectingRegion box="[304,580,1233,1257]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">Rio Grande do Sul State</collectingRegion>
. The new species is named in allusion to the presence in mature males of bony hooks on all fins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,775,1361,1642]" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,343,1361,1386]" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[361,558,1362,1386]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="269" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagual">
<emphasis box="[361,558,1362,1386]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">Astyanax bagual</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected in relatively small, dark water rivers up to two meters deep, with stones and rocks on bottom, and moderate riparian vegetation. The collection localities are around 300 meters above sea level. An extensive examination of 
<taxonomicName box="[672,774,1490,1513]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="269" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[672,774,1490,1513]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">Astyanax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
material from fish collections and field expeditions, the species seems to be found only in rivers from mid-slope valleys and in the plateau sections of the Taquari-Antas basin (
<figureCitation box="[209,274,1618,1642]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[136,175,1004,1028]" captionTargetBox="[213,1388,177,988]" captionTargetId="figure-419@4.[206,1389,174,994]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Map of southern Brazil showing the distribution of the examined material of Astyanax bagual. Some symbols represent more than one lot or locality. T = type locality." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4551325/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,775,1682,1962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,380,1682,1706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">Conservation status.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[392,582,1682,1706]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="269" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagual">
<emphasis box="[392,582,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">Astyanax bagual</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distributed in some of the main tributaries of the rio Taquari-Antas basin, but probably it is further widespread. Despite biological features of that species is unknown, considering the biology of its congeners, there is no imminent known threats to the species. Therefore, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) categories and criteria (
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee &amp; Guidelines" box="[143,730,1906,1930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="269" refId="ref6443" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. 2014. Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 11. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Available from http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (Date of access - 26 May 2015)." type="book" year="2014">IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2014</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="269" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagual">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="269">A. bagual</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be classified as Least Concern (LC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>