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<document ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00536.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5443313" approvalRequired="18" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="3" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="12" approvalRequired_for_treatments="3" checkinTime="1630455242290" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Young, Mark Thomas &amp; Andrade, Marco Brandalise De" docDate="2009" docId="03CD87E4FFE03F1AB58DF9AAFE38F8D5" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2009.00536.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157 (3)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00536.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.1:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Enaliosuchus KOKEN 1883" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="580" masterDocId="FFF4FF9CFFFC3F07B627FFBCFFF2FFBA" masterDocTitle="What is Geosaurus? Redescription of Geosaurus giganteus (Thalattosuchia: Metriorhynchidae) from the Upper Jurassic of Bayern, Germany" masterLastPageNumber="585" masterPageNumber="551" pageNumber="579" updateTime="1631077504253" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>What is Geosaurus? Redescription of Geosaurus giganteus (Thalattosuchia: Metriorhynchidae) from the Upper Jurassic of Bayern, Germany</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Young, Mark Thomas</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Andrade, Marco Brandalise De</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2009-10-26</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>157</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>551</mods:start>
<mods:end>585</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00536.x</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00536.x</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5443313</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD87E4FFE03F1AB58DF9AAFE38F8D5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD87E4FFE03F1AB58DF9AAFE38F8D5" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="580" pageId="28" pageNumber="579">
<subSubSection box="[938,1289,1558,1580]" pageId="28" pageNumber="579" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="28.[938,1289,1558,1580]" box="[938,1289,1558,1580]" pageId="28" pageNumber="579">
<heading box="[938,1289,1558,1580]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="579" reason="2">
<taxonomicName authority="KOKEN (1883)" authorityName="KOKEN" authorityYear="1883" box="[938,1289,1558,1580]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Enaliosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="28" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[938,1114,1558,1579]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="579">ENALIOSUCHUS</emphasis>
KOKEN (1883)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="580" pageId="28" pageNumber="579" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="28.[806,1421,1596,1649]" pageId="28" pageNumber="579">
<emphasis box="[806,961,1597,1618]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="579">Type species:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="(Wagner, 1852) (Wagner, 1858)" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1858" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Cricosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="28" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis box="[980,1219,1596,1618]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="579">Cricosaurus elegans</emphasis>
(Wagner, 1852) (Wagner, 1858)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="28.[806,1421,1697,1903]" pageId="28" pageNumber="579">
<emphasis box="[806,967,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="579">Valid species:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="(Wagner, 1852) Wagner, 1858" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1858" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Cricosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="28" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis box="[985,1222,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="579">Cricosaurus elegans</emphasis>
(Wagner, 1852) Wagner, 1858
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="28.[806,1421,1697,1903]" pageId="28" pageNumber="579">
<materialsCitation collectionCode="BSPG" country="American Samoa" location="AS" pageId="28" pageNumber="579" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[831,937,1758,1780]" pageId="28" pageNumber="579">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode box="[951,1020,1759,1780]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r9n2-w98n" name="Bayerische Staatssammlung fuer Palaeontologie und Geologie" pageId="28" pageNumber="579">BSPG</collectionCode>
<collectingCountry box="[1030,1063,1759,1780]" name="American Samoa" pageId="28" pageNumber="579">AS</collectingCountry>
I 504, a complete cranium in limestone.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="28.[806,1421,1697,1903]" box="[806,1342,1820,1842]" pageId="28" pageNumber="579">
<taxonomicName authority="(Fraas, 1901)" authorityName="Young &amp; Andrade" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Fraas" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[806,1212,1820,1842]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Cricosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="28" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suevicus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis box="[806,1048,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="579">Cricosaurus suevicus</emphasis>
(Fraas, 1901)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1221,1342,1820,1842]" pageId="28" pageNumber="579" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="28.[806,1421,1697,1903]" lastBlockId="29.[164,779,198,862]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="580" pageId="28" pageNumber="579">
<materialsCitation collectionCode="SMNS" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="580" pageId="28" pageNumber="579" specimenCode="SMNS 9808" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[831,937,1850,1872]" pageId="28" pageNumber="579">Holotype</typeStatus>
: none designated, we therefore designate
<specimenCode box="[806,946,1881,1902]" collectionCode="SMNS" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34840" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34840" name="Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkund Stuttgart" pageId="28" pageNumber="579">SMNS 9808</specimenCode>
(complete skeleton) as a
<typeStatus box="[1249,1354,1881,1903]" pageId="28" pageNumber="579">lectotype</typeStatus>
, as it was one of the two skeletons upon which this species was described.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[164,779,198,862]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">
<taxonomicName authority="(Gasparini &amp; Dellape, 1976)" authorityName="Young &amp; Andrade" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Gasparini &amp; Dellape" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Cricosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="29" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="araucanensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis box="[164,474,259,281]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">Cricosaurus araucanensis</emphasis>
(Gasparini &amp; Dellapé, 1976)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[261,382,290,312]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[164,779,198,862]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">
<materialsCitation collectionCode="MLP" pageId="29" pageNumber="580" specimenCode="MLP 72" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[188,294,320,342]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode box="[318,425,320,342]" collectionCode="MLP" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/66si-588n" name="Museo de La Plata" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">MLP 72</specimenCode>
-IV-7-1, complete skull with mandible.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[164,779,198,862]" box="[164,759,381,404]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">
<taxonomicName authority="(Frey et al., 2002)" authorityName="Young &amp; Andrade" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Young &amp; Andrade" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[164,628,381,404]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Cricosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="29" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vignaudi" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis box="[164,413,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">Cricosaurus vignaudi</emphasis>
(Frey
<emphasis box="[493,549,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">et al.</emphasis>
, 2002)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[638,759,381,403]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[164,779,198,862]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">
<materialsCitation collectionCode="UANL" pageId="29" pageNumber="580" specimenCode="FCT-R1" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[188,294,412,434]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode box="[311,385,412,433]" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/cw6z-rzgt" name="Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">UANL</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[398,488,412,433]" collectionCode="FCT-R" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">FCT-R1</specimenCode>
, incomplete skull, mandible, atlas-axis, and two cervicals.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[164,779,198,862]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">
<taxonomicName authority="(Buchy et al., 2006)" authorityName="Young &amp; Andrade" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Buchy et al." baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[164,652,473,495]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Cricosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="29" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltillense" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis box="[164,423,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">Cricosaurus saltillense</emphasis>
(
<materialsCitation box="[438,652,473,495]" collectionCode="MUDE" pageId="29" pageNumber="580" specimenCode="CEP1823" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
Buchy
<emphasis box="[519,575,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">et al.</emphasis>
, 2006)
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[660,779,473,495]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<typeStatus box="[188,294,504,526]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode box="[307,387,504,525]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">MUDE</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[397,506,504,525]" collectionCode="CEP" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">CEP1823</specimenCode>
, poorly preserved skull lacking snout, and postcranium.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="580" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="29.[164,779,198,862]" box="[164,704,565,587]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">
<taxonomicName authority="(Philips, 1871)" authorityName="Young &amp; Andrade" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Philips" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[164,573,565,587]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Cricosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="29" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis box="[164,396,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">Cricosaurus gracilis</emphasis>
(Philips, 1871)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[583,704,565,587]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[164,779,198,862]" box="[188,735,596,618]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">
<materialsCitation box="[188,735,596,618]" collectionCode="OXFUM" pageId="29" pageNumber="580" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[188,294,596,618]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode box="[307,403,596,617]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">OXFUM</collectionCode>
J.1431, skull lacking snout.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[164,779,198,862]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">
<taxonomicName authority="(Koken, 1883)" authorityName="Young &amp; Andrade" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Koken" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[164,694,626,648]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Cricosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="29" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrospondylus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis box="[164,504,626,648]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">Cricosaurus macrospondylus</emphasis>
(Koken, 1883)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="29" pageNumber="580" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[164,779,198,862]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">
<materialsCitation collectionCode="HMN" pageId="29" pageNumber="580" specimenCode="R3636.1, 6" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[188,294,687,709]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode box="[308,372,688,709]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/08rb-102z" name="Humbolt Museum fur Naturkunde, East Berlin" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">HMN</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[382,479,687,709]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">R3636.1</specimenCode>
-
<specimenCode box="[487,500,687,709]" collectionCode="HMN" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/08rb-102z" name="Humbolt Museum fur Naturkunde, East Berlin" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">6</specimenCode>
, atlas-axis, and numerous cervical and dorsal vertebrae.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[164,779,198,862]" box="[164,720,749,771]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">
<taxonomicName authority="(Kuhn, 1936)" authorityName="Young &amp; Andrade" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Kuhn" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[164,589,749,771]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Cricosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="29" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schroederi" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis box="[164,427,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">Cricosaurus schroederi</emphasis>
(Kuhn, 1936)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[599,720,749,771]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[164,779,198,862]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">
<materialsCitation collectionCode="MMGLV" pageId="29" pageNumber="580" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[188,294,779,801]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode box="[310,408,779,800]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">MMGLV</collectionCode>
unnumbered, skull with mandible lacking complete snout, and atlas-axis and third cervical.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[164,779,932,1015]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">
<emphasis box="[164,290,932,953]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">Etymology:</emphasis>
Ring lizard.
<emphasis box="[452,531,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">Cricos-</emphasis>
is the Ancient Greek for ring, referring to the large sclerotic rings preserved in the orbits of the
<typeStatus box="[480,580,993,1015]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[164,779,1085,1199]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">
<emphasis box="[164,362,1085,1107]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">Geological range:</emphasis>
From the middle Oxfordian (
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Cricosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="29" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">Cricosaurus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
; Gasparini &amp; Iturralde-Vinent, 2001) to the upper Valanginian (
<taxonomicName authorityName="KOKEN" authorityYear="1883" box="[423,577,1146,1167]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Enaliosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="29" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[423,577,1146,1167]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">Enaliosuchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus box="[600,699,1146,1168]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">holotype</typeStatus>
; Karl
<emphasis box="[164,220,1177,1199]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">et al.</emphasis>
, 2006; Koken, 1883).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[164,779,1269,1352]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">
<emphasis box="[164,396,1269,1290]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">Geographical range:</emphasis>
Cosmopolitan (
<collectingCountry box="[579,697,1269,1291]" name="Argentina" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[711,774,1269,1291]" name="Chile" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">Chile</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[164,227,1299,1321]" name="Cuba" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">Cuba</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[246,288,1300,1321]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">UK</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[308,390,1300,1321]" name="France" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">France</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[409,515,1300,1321]" name="Germany" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">Germany</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[535,618,1299,1321]" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[636,716,1299,1321]" name="Russia" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">Russia</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry box="[164,305,1330,1352]" name="Switzerland" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[164,779,1422,1903]" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">
<emphasis box="[164,397,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="580">Emended diagnosis:</emphasis>
Metriorhynchid thalattosuchian with procumbent teeth, with little to no lateromedially compression; cranial bones smooth, lacking conspicuous ornamentation; acute angle formed by the lateral and medial processes of the frontal; dorsal margin of the supratemporal arcade is lower than the medial process of the frontal; eyes as large as the supratemporal fenestra; surangular and angular welldeveloped, extending rostrally beyond the orbits; symphysial part of the mandible is low, only about 15-mm high; lateral margin of the prefrontals is rounded; external nares bifurcated by premaxillary septum, and terminating at the end of the second maxillary alveoli; humerus deltopectoral crest absent; calcaneum tuber absent or vestigial; proximal end of metatarsal I greatly enlarged.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>