275 lines
41 KiB
XML
275 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="0B6394EFBF8B728E69539452CBC9D309" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5333182" ID-ISSN="2345-7600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5333182" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630173742094" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Cranston, Peter S." docDate="2007" docId="03CD87B53007C040FBA6FF47D6AFFB62" docLanguage="en" docName="55rbz231-244.pdf" docOrigin="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 55 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C6443723295B2E4C6F22B9B23F08089C.5:RafflesBZool.2006-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="C6443723295B2E4C6F22B9B23F08089C" docStyleName="RafflesBZool.2006-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Polypedilum Kieffer" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="243" masterDocId="FFF4FFCD300DC04CFFB4FF86D436FE3B" masterDocTitle="The Chironomidae Larvae Associated With The Tsunami-Impacted Waterbodies Of The Coastal Plain Of Southwestern Thailand" masterLastPageNumber="244" masterPageNumber="231" pageNumber="241" updateTime="1699174066753" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A9040A7A588BD040880CDAE5C77F9A47">
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<mods:title id="37E2417750855410A1C4CFC468FBFFCF">The Chironomidae Larvae Associated With The Tsunami-Impacted Waterbodies Of The Coastal Plain Of Southwestern Thailand</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C17AB5C88D47AB89FB39BCE24C1C534E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8C0518C3F6D245F2375E205DF9D3BF75">Cranston, Peter S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="14E2FA579868441D958EF5AFD90648B6">Raffles Bulletin of Zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="336DC83E67693AD03D32059ABF7A4521">
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<mods:date id="34604620D1441C3219BD4F1FDD4F09C0">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A1908E8B35DD5F5CC879CC7D1266B52E">2007-08-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2DB97DDAF4900B109F018780AC9B1AE7">55</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="0A5E30368745B26576C5E09BFDDB7C92" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5333182</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D61E48BB41DF055C8E906F528FE45005" type="ISSN">2345-7600</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CD87B53007C040FBA6FF47D6AFFB62" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD87B53007C040FBA6FF47D6AFFB62" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD87B53007C040FBA6FF47D6AFFB62" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="243" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">
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<subSubSection id="C37E65283007C046FBA6FF47D0C2FEE2" box="[1042,1268,193,217]" pageId="10" pageNumber="241" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDB36A33007C046FBA6FF47D0C2FEE2" blockId="10.[1042,1268,193,248]" box="[1042,1268,193,217]" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">
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<heading id="D09381CF3007C046FBA6FF47D0C2FEE2" bold="true" box="[1042,1268,193,217]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="241" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C644D203007C046FBA6FF47D0C2FEE2" ID-CoL="63MXN" ID-ENA="54968" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[1042,1268,193,217]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B910EAB13007C046FBA6FF47D0C2FEE2" bold="true" box="[1042,1268,193,217]" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis id="B910EAB13007C046FBA6FF47D0ACFEE2" bold="true" box="[1042,1178,193,217]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">Polypedilum</emphasis>
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Kieffer
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37E65283007C040FB8FFF67D6AFFB62" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="243" pageId="10" pageNumber="241" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDB36A33007C046FB8FFF67D0FAFEC3" blockId="10.[1042,1268,193,248]" box="[1083,1228,225,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">
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(
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<figureCitation id="135F2A263007C046FBF7FF67D0F3FEC3" box="[1091,1221,225,248]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="11.[114,158,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-89@11.[116,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs. 48–59. Thai post-tsunami Chironomidae. Polypedilum leei: 48, mentum, ventromental plate; 49, anterior thorax; 50, premandible. Mentum, ventromental plate: 51, Polypedilum ‘Thai sp 1’; 52, Polypedilum. nubifer; 53, Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) ‘K1’. Antenna: 54, Polypedilum ‘Thai 2’; 55, P. nubifer; 56, P. ‘K1’. 57, Dorsal head sclerites, P. ‘Thai 2’. Mandible; 58, P. ‘K1’, 59, P. ‘Thai 2’. Abbreviations: S3, cephalic seta 3; sc1, labral sclerite 1; vmp, ventromental plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333194/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">Figs. 48–59</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDB36A33007C046FCF0FEA7D1A8FFE3" blockId="10.[836,1475,289,472]" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">
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This most species-rich genus of
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<taxonomicName id="4C644D203007C046FB73FEA7D15EFF03" box="[1223,1384,289,312]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chironominae">Chironominae</taxonomicName>
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is very common in tropical waters, including those of
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<collectingCountry id="F37376333007C046FA9BFEC7D1A7FF63" box="[1327,1425,321,344]" name="Thailand" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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. The larvae of the genus require taxonomic study: there are many names, many species and different names have been used for the same organisms in different parts of the range. The current subgeneric system does not work for all larvae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDB36A33007C046FCF0FD87D184FC23" blockId="10.[836,1458,513,536]" box="[836,1458,513,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">Features that can assist in discriminating between larvae:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDB36A33007C046FCF0FDC7D018FC83" blockId="10.[836,1475,577,696]" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">
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Mentum (
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<figureCitation id="135F2A263007C046FC00FDC7D05AFC63" box="[948,1132,577,600]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="11.[114,158,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-89@11.[116,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs. 48–59. Thai post-tsunami Chironomidae. Polypedilum leei: 48, mentum, ventromental plate; 49, anterior thorax; 50, premandible. Mentum, ventromental plate: 51, Polypedilum ‘Thai sp 1’; 52, Polypedilum. nubifer; 53, Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) ‘K1’. Antenna: 54, Polypedilum ‘Thai 2’; 55, P. nubifer; 56, P. ‘K1’. 57, Dorsal head sclerites, P. ‘Thai 2’. Mandible; 58, P. ‘K1’, 59, P. ‘Thai 2’. Abbreviations: S3, cephalic seta 3; sc1, labral sclerite 1; vmp, ventromental plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333194/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">Figs. 48, 51–53</figureCitation>
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): relative heights of teeth and evenness of size of increasingly lateral teeth; ventromental plates: relative dimensions, inner contour, medial separation and number of striae;
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDB36A33007C046FCF0FD67D094FD23" blockId="10.[836,1475,737,792]" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">
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Mandible (
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<figureCitation id="135F2A263007C046FC0AFD67D071FCC3" box="[958,1095,737,760]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="11.[114,158,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-89@11.[116,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs. 48–59. Thai post-tsunami Chironomidae. Polypedilum leei: 48, mentum, ventromental plate; 49, anterior thorax; 50, premandible. Mentum, ventromental plate: 51, Polypedilum ‘Thai sp 1’; 52, Polypedilum. nubifer; 53, Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) ‘K1’. Antenna: 54, Polypedilum ‘Thai 2’; 55, P. nubifer; 56, P. ‘K1’. 57, Dorsal head sclerites, P. ‘Thai 2’. Mandible; 58, P. ‘K1’, 59, P. ‘Thai 2’. Abbreviations: S3, cephalic seta 3; sc1, labral sclerite 1; vmp, ventromental plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333194/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">Figs. 58–59</figureCitation>
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): number of inner teeth, extent of pigment and size of outer tooth;
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDB36A33007C046FCF0FCC7D041FD83" blockId="10.[836,1475,833,952]" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">
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Dorsal surface of head (
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<figureCitation id="135F2A263007C046FBFAFCC7D097FD63" box="[1102,1185,833,856]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="11.[114,158,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-89@11.[116,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs. 48–59. Thai post-tsunami Chironomidae. Polypedilum leei: 48, mentum, ventromental plate; 49, anterior thorax; 50, premandible. Mentum, ventromental plate: 51, Polypedilum ‘Thai sp 1’; 52, Polypedilum. nubifer; 53, Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) ‘K1’. Antenna: 54, Polypedilum ‘Thai 2’; 55, P. nubifer; 56, P. ‘K1’. 57, Dorsal head sclerites, P. ‘Thai 2’. Mandible; 58, P. ‘K1’, 59, P. ‘Thai 2’. Abbreviations: S3, cephalic seta 3; sc1, labral sclerite 1; vmp, ventromental plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333194/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
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): shape of anterior margin of frontoclypeal apotome, depth of any hyaline anterior submargin thereof, position of cephalic seta S3 relative to anterior and lateral margins;
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDB36A33007C046FCF0FC67D016FA23" blockId="10.[836,1474,993,1048]" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">
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Antenna (
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<figureCitation id="135F2A263007C046FC01FC67D074FDC3" box="[949,1090,993,1016]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="11.[114,158,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-89@11.[116,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs. 48–59. Thai post-tsunami Chironomidae. Polypedilum leei: 48, mentum, ventromental plate; 49, anterior thorax; 50, premandible. Mentum, ventromental plate: 51, Polypedilum ‘Thai sp 1’; 52, Polypedilum. nubifer; 53, Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) ‘K1’. Antenna: 54, Polypedilum ‘Thai 2’; 55, P. nubifer; 56, P. ‘K1’. 57, Dorsal head sclerites, P. ‘Thai 2’. Mandible; 58, P. ‘K1’, 59, P. ‘Thai 2’. Abbreviations: S3, cephalic seta 3; sc1, labral sclerite 1; vmp, ventromental plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333194/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">Figs. 54–56</figureCitation>
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): relative and absolute lengths of segments and blade.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDB36A33007C046FCF0FBC7D7F4FBE3" blockId="10.[836,1476,1089,1496]" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">
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<taxonomicName id="4C644D203007C046FCF0FBC7D053FA63" authority="Freeman" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[836,1125,1089,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
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<emphasis id="B910EAB13007C046FCF0FBC7D7CAFA63" box="[836,1020,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">Polypedilum leei</emphasis>
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Freeman
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</taxonomicName>
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is easily-recognisable amongst the regional species by the mentum (
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<figureCitation id="135F2A263007C046FB61FBE7D113FA43" box="[1237,1317,1121,1144]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="11.[114,158,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-89@11.[116,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs. 48–59. Thai post-tsunami Chironomidae. Polypedilum leei: 48, mentum, ventromental plate; 49, anterior thorax; 50, premandible. Mentum, ventromental plate: 51, Polypedilum ‘Thai sp 1’; 52, Polypedilum. nubifer; 53, Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) ‘K1’. Antenna: 54, Polypedilum ‘Thai 2’; 55, P. nubifer; 56, P. ‘K1’. 57, Dorsal head sclerites, P. ‘Thai 2’. Mandible; 58, P. ‘K1’, 59, P. ‘Thai 2’. Abbreviations: S3, cephalic seta 3; sc1, labral sclerite 1; vmp, ventromental plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333194/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
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) with all teeth more or less equal in size combined with a five-toothed premandible. The presence in the anterior abdomen of a sclerotised ‘crop’ (
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<figureCitation id="135F2A263007C046FBA6FB47D052FAE3" box="[1042,1124,1217,1240]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="11.[114,158,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-89@11.[116,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs. 48–59. Thai post-tsunami Chironomidae. Polypedilum leei: 48, mentum, ventromental plate; 49, anterior thorax; 50, premandible. Mentum, ventromental plate: 51, Polypedilum ‘Thai sp 1’; 52, Polypedilum. nubifer; 53, Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) ‘K1’. Antenna: 54, Polypedilum ‘Thai 2’; 55, P. nubifer; 56, P. ‘K1’. 57, Dorsal head sclerites, P. ‘Thai 2’. Mandible; 58, P. ‘K1’, 59, P. ‘Thai 2’. Abbreviations: S3, cephalic seta 3; sc1, labral sclerite 1; vmp, ventromental plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333194/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
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, arrow) is highly characteristic, perhaps even unique. Larvae of
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<taxonomicName id="4C644D203007C046FB13FB67D0DDFAC3" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[1191,1259,1249,1272]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
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<emphasis id="B910EAB13007C046FB13FB67D0DDFAC3" box="[1191,1259,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">P. leei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occurred in several site recovering from tsunami impact (314–1,847 µS.
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<superScript id="7C119BEB3007C046FA3AFA87D1F5FB35" attach="left" box="[1422,1475,1280,1304]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">cm−1</superScript>
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conductivity, 157–927 ppm), including three sequential samples from one site and also in the dilute, unimpacted pond (25–42 µS.
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<superScript id="7C119BEB3007C046FC4EFAE7D018FB55" attach="left" box="[1018,1070,1376,1400]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">cm−1</superScript>
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conductivity, dissolved solids 13–21 ppm) in which
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<taxonomicName id="4C644D203007C046FC44FA07D06CFBA3" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1889" box="[1008,1114,1409,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubifer">
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<emphasis id="B910EAB13007C046FC44FA07D06CFBA3" box="[1008,1114,1409,1432]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">P. nubifer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see below) occurred. A pharate larva and a pharate female pupa confirms the identity and association.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDB36A33007C046FCF0F987D061F9C3" blockId="10.[836,1481,1537,2040]" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">
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<taxonomicName id="4C644D203007C046FCF0F987D7E6F823" authority="Thai" authorityName="Thai" box="[836,976,1537,1560]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B910EAB13007C046FCF0F987D7E6F823" box="[836,976,1537,1560]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">Polypedilum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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‘Thai sp. 1’ has a mentum with relatively even tooth height, although the first laterals are lower than the medians and 2
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<superScript id="7C119BEB3007C046FBA7F9C6D015F875" attach="left" box="[1043,1059,1600,1614]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">nd</superScript>
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laterals, but not excessively so (
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<figureCitation id="135F2A263007C046FA23F9C7D754F843" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="11.[114,158,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-89@11.[116,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs. 48–59. Thai post-tsunami Chironomidae. Polypedilum leei: 48, mentum, ventromental plate; 49, anterior thorax; 50, premandible. Mentum, ventromental plate: 51, Polypedilum ‘Thai sp 1’; 52, Polypedilum. nubifer; 53, Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) ‘K1’. Antenna: 54, Polypedilum ‘Thai 2’; 55, P. nubifer; 56, P. ‘K1’. 57, Dorsal head sclerites, P. ‘Thai 2’. Mandible; 58, P. ‘K1’, 59, P. ‘Thai 2’. Abbreviations: S3, cephalic seta 3; sc1, labral sclerite 1; vmp, ventromental plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333194/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
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). The premandible has the typical two apical teeth of most congeners, but unlike
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<taxonomicName id="4C644D203007C046FB31F907D0FDF8A3" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[1157,1227,1665,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
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<emphasis id="B910EAB13007C046FB31F907D0FDF8A3" box="[1157,1227,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">P. leei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The larva resembles
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<taxonomicName id="4C644D203007C046FCF0F927D7FFF883" box="[836,969,1697,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EAB13007C046FCF0F927D7FFF883" box="[836,969,1697,1720]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">Polypedilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
‘B1’ figured in an Australian guide (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B523007C046FAEFF927D74BF8E3" author="Cranston, P" pageId="10" pageNumber="241" refId="ref8904" refString="Cranston, P. S., 2000. Electronic Guide to The Chironomidae of Australian. http: // entomology. ucdavis. edu / chiropage / index. html. Viewed November 2006." type="url" year="2000">Cranston, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with a ratio of the ventromental plate width to height near to three (108 × 38 µm) and with a distinctive rather elevated cluster of outer (5
|
||
<superScript id="7C119BEB3007C046FBD6F886D058F935" attach="none" box="[1122,1134,1792,1806]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">th</superScript>
|
||
–7
|
||
<superScript id="7C119BEB3007C046FB3DF886D0A3F935" attach="none" box="[1161,1173,1792,1806]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">th</superScript>
|
||
) mental teeth. However, the curvature of the ventromental plate of
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EAB13007C046FB56F8A7D0CFF903" box="[1250,1273,1825,1848]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">P.</emphasis>
|
||
‘B1’ is not evident in the Thai specimen, and conspecificity is unlikely. The single larva of this
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DF88013007C046FBA7F8E7D077F943" box="[1043,1089,1889,1912]" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">type</typeStatus>
|
||
occurred in an unusual pond which had water chemistry of 1,571 µS.
|
||
<superScript id="7C119BEB3007C046FB18F807D0D6F9B5" attach="left" box="[1196,1248,1920,1944]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">cm−1</superScript>
|
||
and dissolved solids 786 ppm on the one occasion in which the larva was found, but although unimpacted. showed increasing conductivity with the passage of time.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1B662B3006C047FFC6F85ED7A9F678" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333194" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5333194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333194/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" startId="11.[114,158,2008,2029]" targetBox="[117,1455,191,1943]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDB36A33006C047FFC6F85ED7A9F678" blockId="11.[114,1461,2008,2115]" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">
|
||
Figs. 48–59. Thai post-tsunami
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D203006C047FE1AF85ED60DF9D6" box="[430,571,2008,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D203006C047FDF2F85ED6DCF9D6" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1961" box="[582,746,2008,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EAB13006C047FDF2F85ED6DCF9D6" box="[582,746,2008,2029]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">Polypedilum leei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 48, mentum, ventromental plate; 49, anterior thorax; 50, premandible. Mentum, ventromental plate: 51,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D203006C047FE74F873D60EF631" authority="Thai" authorityName="Thai" box="[448,568,2037,2058]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EAB13006C047FE74F873D60EF631" box="[448,568,2037,2058]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">Polypedilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
‘Thai sp 1’; 52,
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EAB13006C047FD45F873D78BF631" box="[753,957,2037,2058]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D203006C047FD45F873D75AF631" box="[753,876,2037,2058]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polypedilum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D203006C047FCC3F873D78BF631" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1889" box="[887,957,2037,2058]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubifer">nubifer</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 53,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D203006C047FC40F873D13EF631" authority="" box="[1012,1288,2037,2058]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pentapedilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EAB13006C047FC40F873D05AF631" box="[1012,1132,2037,2058]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">Polypedilum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EAB13006C047FBC8F873D136F631" box="[1148,1280,2037,2058]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">Pentapedilum</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
‘K1’. Antenna: 54,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D203006C047FF2EF794D524F61C" authority="Thai" authorityName="Thai" box="[154,274,2066,2087]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EAB13006C047FF2EF794D524F61C" box="[154,274,2066,2087]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">Polypedilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
‘Thai 2’; 55,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D203006C047FE1FF794D63AF61C" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1889" box="[427,524,2066,2087]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EAB13006C047FE1FF794D63AF61C" box="[427,524,2066,2087]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">P. nubifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 56,
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EAB13006C047FDF6F794D66EF61C" box="[578,600,2066,2087]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">P.</emphasis>
|
||
‘K1’. 57, Dorsal head sclerites,
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EAB13006C047FC13F794D78CF61C" box="[935,954,2066,2087]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">P.</emphasis>
|
||
‘Thai 2’. Mandible; 58,
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EAB13006C047FB0AF794D0E5F61C" box="[1214,1235,2066,2087]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">P.</emphasis>
|
||
‘K1’, 59,
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EAB13006C047FA88F794D179F61C" box="[1340,1359,2066,2087]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">P.</emphasis>
|
||
‘Thai 2’. Abbreviations: S3, cephalic seta 3; sc1, labral sclerite 1; vmp, ventromental plate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDB36A33001C040FF3DFF45D736FF82" blockId="12.[137,776,194,441]" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D203001C040FF3DFF45D59FFEE2" authority="Skuse" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1889" box="[137,425,194,218]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EAB13001C040FF3DFF45D557FEE1" box="[137,353,195,218]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">Polypedilum nubifer</emphasis>
|
||
Skuse
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DF88013001C040FE6EFF44D63EFEE2" box="[474,520,194,217]" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D203001C040FDC9FF45D734FEE1" box="[637,770,195,218]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EAB13001C040FDC9FF45D734FEE1" box="[637,770,195,218]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">Polypedilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has a typical mentum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135F2A263001C040FECBFF64D5FBFEC2" box="[383,461,226,249]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="11.[114,158,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-89@11.[116,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs. 48–59. Thai post-tsunami Chironomidae. Polypedilum leei: 48, mentum, ventromental plate; 49, anterior thorax; 50, premandible. Mentum, ventromental plate: 51, Polypedilum ‘Thai sp 1’; 52, Polypedilum. nubifer; 53, Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) ‘K1’. Antenna: 54, Polypedilum ‘Thai 2’; 55, P. nubifer; 56, P. ‘K1’. 57, Dorsal head sclerites, P. ‘Thai 2’. Mandible; 58, P. ‘K1’, 59, P. ‘Thai 2’. Abbreviations: S3, cephalic seta 3; sc1, labral sclerite 1; vmp, ventromental plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333194/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
|
||
) but is atypical for the genus in having the Lauterborn organs alternate on an antenna apparently composed of four segments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135F2A263001C040FD8DFEA4D6BFFF02" box="[569,649,290,313]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="11.[114,158,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-89@11.[116,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs. 48–59. Thai post-tsunami Chironomidae. Polypedilum leei: 48, mentum, ventromental plate; 49, anterior thorax; 50, premandible. Mentum, ventromental plate: 51, Polypedilum ‘Thai sp 1’; 52, Polypedilum. nubifer; 53, Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) ‘K1’. Antenna: 54, Polypedilum ‘Thai 2’; 55, P. nubifer; 56, P. ‘K1’. 57, Dorsal head sclerites, P. ‘Thai 2’. Mandible; 58, P. ‘K1’, 59, P. ‘Thai 2’. Abbreviations: S3, cephalic seta 3; sc1, labral sclerite 1; vmp, ventromental plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333194/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
|
||
). Although larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D203001C040FF44FEC5D56EFF61" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1889" box="[240,344,323,346]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EAB13001C040FF44FEC5D56EFF61" box="[240,344,323,346]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">P. nubifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are common in eutrophic and disturbed habitats almost globally, in post-tsunami surveys the species was found only in two consecutive samples from one pond of conductivity 25–42 µS.
|
||
<superScript id="7C119BEB3001C040FE36FE24D580FF94" attach="left" box="[386,438,417,441]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">cm−1</superScript>
|
||
, dissolved solids 13–21 ppm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDB36A33001C040FF3DFE65D567FD42" blockId="12.[137,783,482,889]" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EAB13001C040FF3DFE65D5E1FFC1" box="[137,471,483,506]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D203001C040FF3DFE65D5F5FFC1" authority="" box="[137,451,483,506]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pentapedilum">Polypedilum (Pentapedilum)</taxonomicName>
|
||
‘
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
K1’‘. This larva is unusual amongst surveyed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D203001C040FEFBFD85D5E2FC21" box="[335,468,515,538]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EAB13001C040FEFBFD85D5E2FC21" box="[335,468,515,538]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">Polypedilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that the first lateral mental teeth are very small, each almost adpressed to a median tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135F2A263001C040FF64FDC4D516FC62" box="[208,288,578,601]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="11.[114,158,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-89@11.[116,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs. 48–59. Thai post-tsunami Chironomidae. Polypedilum leei: 48, mentum, ventromental plate; 49, anterior thorax; 50, premandible. Mentum, ventromental plate: 51, Polypedilum ‘Thai sp 1’; 52, Polypedilum. nubifer; 53, Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) ‘K1’. Antenna: 54, Polypedilum ‘Thai 2’; 55, P. nubifer; 56, P. ‘K1’. 57, Dorsal head sclerites, P. ‘Thai 2’. Mandible; 58, P. ‘K1’, 59, P. ‘Thai 2’. Abbreviations: S3, cephalic seta 3; sc1, labral sclerite 1; vmp, ventromental plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333194/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||
), the ventromental plate width-height ratio is ca. 2.0, the antennal 3
|
||
<superScript id="7C119BEB3001C040FEC2FDE7D5B5FC54" attach="left" box="[374,387,609,623]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">rd</superScript>
|
||
segment is half the length of the 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C119BEB3001C040FD48FDE7D73EFC54" attach="left" box="[764,776,609,623]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">th</superScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135F2A263001C040FF25FD04D4E8FCA2" box="[145,222,642,665]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="11.[114,158,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-89@11.[116,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs. 48–59. Thai post-tsunami Chironomidae. Polypedilum leei: 48, mentum, ventromental plate; 49, anterior thorax; 50, premandible. Mentum, ventromental plate: 51, Polypedilum ‘Thai sp 1’; 52, Polypedilum. nubifer; 53, Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) ‘K1’. Antenna: 54, Polypedilum ‘Thai 2’; 55, P. nubifer; 56, P. ‘K1’. 57, Dorsal head sclerites, P. ‘Thai 2’. Mandible; 58, P. ‘K1’, 59, P. ‘Thai 2’. Abbreviations: S3, cephalic seta 3; sc1, labral sclerite 1; vmp, ventromental plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333194/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the mandible has three distinct inner teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135F2A263001C040FD69FD04D491FC82" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="11.[114,158,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-89@11.[116,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs. 48–59. Thai post-tsunami Chironomidae. Polypedilum leei: 48, mentum, ventromental plate; 49, anterior thorax; 50, premandible. Mentum, ventromental plate: 51, Polypedilum ‘Thai sp 1’; 52, Polypedilum. nubifer; 53, Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) ‘K1’. Antenna: 54, Polypedilum ‘Thai 2’; 55, P. nubifer; 56, P. ‘K1’. 57, Dorsal head sclerites, P. ‘Thai 2’. Mandible; 58, P. ‘K1’, 59, P. ‘Thai 2’. Abbreviations: S3, cephalic seta 3; sc1, labral sclerite 1; vmp, ventromental plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333194/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
|
||
). In all these features the larva is identical to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D203001C040FD37FD25D506FCE1" authority="" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pentapedilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EAB13001C040FD37FD25D506FCE1" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">Polypedilum (Pentapedilum)</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
‘K1’ from northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37376333001C040FDADFD44D649FCE2" box="[537,639,706,729]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which may belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D203001C040FF45FD65D5C6FCC2" authority="(Johannsen)" baseAuthorityName="Johannsen" box="[241,496,738,762]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EAB13001C040FF45FD65D55CFCC1" box="[241,362,739,762]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">P. nodosum</emphasis>
|
||
(Johannsen)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37376333001C040FD2EFD64D73AFCC2" box="[666,780,738,761]" name="Indonesia" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. A larva of this
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DF88013001C040FE9EFC84D56EFD22" box="[298,344,770,793]" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">type</typeStatus>
|
||
occurred on consecutive sampling dates in a pond recovering from impact (to conductivity of 515, then 314 µS.
|
||
<superScript id="7C119BEB3001C040FEA7FCC4D571FD74" attach="left" box="[275,327,833,857]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">cm−1</superScript>
|
||
, and to dissolved solids of 259 and 157 ppm respectively).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDB36A33001C040FF3DFC24D6AFFB62" blockId="12.[137,776,930,1370]" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">
|
||
The most common, widespread and salinity-tolerant species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D203001C040FF12FC45D51DFDE1" box="[166,299,963,986]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EAB13001C040FF12FC45D51DFDE1" box="[166,299,963,986]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">Polypedilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is one that falls within a complex of species scarcely distinguishable in the larval stage. This complex includes the widespread
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D203001C040FE1AFB85D6E0FA22" authority="(Johannsen)" baseAuthorityName="Johannsen" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[430,726,1026,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EAB13001C040FE1AFB85D60BFA21" box="[430,573,1027,1050]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">P. convexum</emphasis>
|
||
(Johannsen)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the recently-described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C644D203001C040FEE0FBA5D6B0FA02" authority="Cranston" authorityName="Cranston" authorityYear="2000" box="[340,646,1058,1082]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australotropicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B910EAB13001C040FEE0FBA5D62BFA01" box="[340,541,1059,1082]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">P. australotropicus</emphasis>
|
||
Cranston
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and several Australian taxa distinguishable only with difficulty in the larval stage. The occipital margin is pale, the frontoclypeus shows only a modest pale area anteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135F2A263001C040FDECFB04D69EFAA2" box="[600,680,1154,1177]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="11.[114,158,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-89@11.[116,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs. 48–59. Thai post-tsunami Chironomidae. Polypedilum leei: 48, mentum, ventromental plate; 49, anterior thorax; 50, premandible. Mentum, ventromental plate: 51, Polypedilum ‘Thai sp 1’; 52, Polypedilum. nubifer; 53, Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) ‘K1’. Antenna: 54, Polypedilum ‘Thai 2’; 55, P. nubifer; 56, P. ‘K1’. 57, Dorsal head sclerites, P. ‘Thai 2’. Mandible; 58, P. ‘K1’, 59, P. ‘Thai 2’. Abbreviations: S3, cephalic seta 3; sc1, labral sclerite 1; vmp, ventromental plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333194/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
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) and the antenna has segments 3 and 4 more or less similar in length (
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<figureCitation id="135F2A263001C040FF25FB44D4D5FAE2" box="[145,227,1218,1241]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="11.[114,158,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-89@11.[116,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs. 48–59. Thai post-tsunami Chironomidae. Polypedilum leei: 48, mentum, ventromental plate; 49, anterior thorax; 50, premandible. Mentum, ventromental plate: 51, Polypedilum ‘Thai sp 1’; 52, Polypedilum. nubifer; 53, Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) ‘K1’. Antenna: 54, Polypedilum ‘Thai 2’; 55, P. nubifer; 56, P. ‘K1’. 57, Dorsal head sclerites, P. ‘Thai 2’. Mandible; 58, P. ‘K1’, 59, P. ‘Thai 2’. Abbreviations: S3, cephalic seta 3; sc1, labral sclerite 1; vmp, ventromental plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333194/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
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). The mandible has two free inner teeth (
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<figureCitation id="135F2A263001C040FD05FB44D736FAE2" box="[689,768,1218,1241]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="11.[114,158,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-89@11.[116,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs. 48–59. Thai post-tsunami Chironomidae. Polypedilum leei: 48, mentum, ventromental plate; 49, anterior thorax; 50, premandible. Mentum, ventromental plate: 51, Polypedilum ‘Thai sp 1’; 52, Polypedilum. nubifer; 53, Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) ‘K1’. Antenna: 54, Polypedilum ‘Thai 2’; 55, P. nubifer; 56, P. ‘K1’. 57, Dorsal head sclerites, P. ‘Thai 2’. Mandible; 58, P. ‘K1’, 59, P. ‘Thai 2’. Abbreviations: S3, cephalic seta 3; sc1, labral sclerite 1; vmp, ventromental plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333194/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
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) (note that the innermost ‘tooth’ is not free-standing as seen in
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<figureCitation id="135F2A263001C040FF13FA84D4C3FB22" box="[167,245,1282,1305]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="11.[114,158,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-89@11.[116,1455,191,1943]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs. 48–59. Thai post-tsunami Chironomidae. Polypedilum leei: 48, mentum, ventromental plate; 49, anterior thorax; 50, premandible. Mentum, ventromental plate: 51, Polypedilum ‘Thai sp 1’; 52, Polypedilum. nubifer; 53, Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) ‘K1’. Antenna: 54, Polypedilum ‘Thai 2’; 55, P. nubifer; 56, P. ‘K1’. 57, Dorsal head sclerites, P. ‘Thai 2’. Mandible; 58, P. ‘K1’, 59, P. ‘Thai 2’. Abbreviations: S3, cephalic seta 3; sc1, labral sclerite 1; vmp, ventromental plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5333194/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
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but is fused into the mola). Given the apparent lack of conspecificity with previously recognised species, the species here is termed
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<taxonomicName id="4C644D203001C040FE18FAC5D607FB61" authority="Thai" authorityName="Thai" box="[428,561,1347,1370]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B910EAB13001C040FE18FAC5D607FB61" box="[428,561,1347,1370]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">Polypedilum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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‘Thai 2’.
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
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</document> |