486 lines
69 KiB
XML
486 lines
69 KiB
XML
<document id="E0B7DE1F2D68BD37D64D59D099405923" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00787.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5407240" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630347082768" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Hooker, Jerry J. & Russell, Donald E." docDate="2012" docId="03DE8792FFB0656BFF31FE48FBDEFEB8" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2011.00787.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00787.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Gigarton meyeri Hooker & Russell 2012, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="894" masterDocId="FFE7FFEAFF92654DFFF1FFB0FF80FF80" masterDocTitle="Early Palaeogene Louisinidae (Macroscelidea, Mammalia), their relationships and north European diversity" masterLastPageNumber="936" masterPageNumber="856" pageNumber="890" updateTime="1699238364316" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6A7228D4B9F46BA5256DA76AAEC11D46">Early Palaeogene Louisinidae (Macroscelidea, Mammalia), their relationships and north European diversity</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="82A5EE18A820E36E9BCF47837E83F9BF">Hooker, Jerry J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B8BF34AEEFD4B0084CB0D100EA0532B3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="767C84CD5197D98EAFAEC4347A63A8F7">Russell, Donald E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C1E4A0E3582F267452C43AF7C89C1F4A">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8FD490AA05305E2C971FAF45AC70C75D">
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<mods:date id="46BA70CBE7C895A332A1DAA3106D30C9">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9CA74B79AB76CA6F36433CA25DEC9DFD">2012-03-20</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="DD45F5D67B6EA7283172836DCFFA6F5F" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="1AEA19645981F0BE80EF41CDDAB22D81">164</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7C356E72554C33D066BC389EC141F20C">4</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="7C48B8BD419597DA9DE7250117E1AF3D">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00787.x</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="8D89284DEC995359E8D0B9373BCBB2A9">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3B805844C240E707CADA8CCEA7374D28" type="DOI">10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00787.x</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1D1DC19D7A17E631FFF13C6545DD3C77" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DE8792FFB0656BFF31FE48FBDEFEB8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE8792FFB0656BFF31FE48FBDEFEB8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE8792FFB0656BFF31FE48FBDEFEB8" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="894" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">
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<subSubSection id="C36D650FFFB0656FFF31FE48FC8BFDB5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB0656FFF31FE48FD6EFD8E" blockId="34.[192,750,504,526]" box="[192,750,504,526]" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">
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<heading id="D08081E8FFB0656FFF31FE48FD6EFD8E" box="[192,750,504,526]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="890" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFB0656FFF31FE48FE1EFD8C" authority="Hooker & Russell, 2012" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[192,414,504,525]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Gigarton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="34" pageNumber="935" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meyeri" status="sp. nov.">GIGARTON MEYERI</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB0656FFE59FE4CFD8DFD8D" bold="true" box="[424,525,504,525]" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057EDFFB0656FFE59FE4CFD8DFD8D" box="[424,525,504,525]" pageId="34" pageNumber="890" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
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<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFB0656FFDEEFE48FDFAFD8D" box="[543,634,504,525]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="34.[164,243,198,217]" captionText="Figure 17. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Gigarton meyeri gen. et sp. nov., late Thanetian, France. A, LP3?, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-284-L). B, LP3?, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-143-P). C, LP4, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-11909). D, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-318). E, holotype LM2, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-10-G). F, LP3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1211). G, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1159). H, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4331). I, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1696-Pn. J, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-946). K, LP4, Cernay 4 4 (MNHN.F.CR-6-Bn). L, LM1, bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.I-251). M, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-971-Pn). N, RDP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-340-Ph). Views are: buccal (A, B1, C1, D1, E1, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (B2, C2, D2, E2, F1, G1, H1, I1, J–N), and lingual (F3, G3, H3, I3). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="34" pageNumber="890">FIGS 17</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFB0656FFD78FE48FD27FD8D" box="[649,679,504,525]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="36.[164,243,709,728]" captionTargetBox="[387,1219,195,679]" captionTargetId="figure-317@36.[387,1219,195,679]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 18. Scatter diagrams of Ln length vs. Ln width of species of Gigarton. For explanation of symbols see Figure 8. A, M1–2; B, P. 4" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407266/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">18</figureCitation>
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, 19K)
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB0656FFF55FDAFFC8BFDB5" blockId="34.[164,779,543,657]" box="[164,779,543,565]" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">vp 1964 Hyopsodontidé?; Russell, pp. 247–248, pl. 16,</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36D650FFFB0656BFF4DFD8EFBDEFEB8" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="894" pageId="34" pageNumber="890" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB0656FFF4DFD8EFC8AFDF2" blockId="34.[164,779,543,657]" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">fig. 5a, c–e. vp 1967 Hyopsodontidé, genre indéterminé; Russell,</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB0656FFF4DFDCBFD2AFD11" blockId="34.[164,779,543,657]" box="[188,682,635,657]" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">Louis & Poirier, p. 853, pl. 21, fig. 4 (left).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB0656FFF55FD0BFF7CFC8E" blockId="34.[164,779,699,782]" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">
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<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB0656FFF55FD0BFEA2FD50" box="[164,290,699,720]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">Etymology:</emphasis>
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After Monsieur J.-Cl. Meyer for making available key specimens of louisinids, including this species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB0656FFF55FC89FD66FCCE" blockId="34.[164,742,823,847]" box="[164,742,823,847]" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">
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<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CD9FFB0656FFF55FC89FD66FCCE" box="[164,742,823,847]" collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="34" pageNumber="890" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB0656FFF55FC89FE8EFCCE" box="[164,270,825,846]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">
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||
<typeStatus id="54CC8826FFB0656FFF55FC89FE88FCCE" box="[164,264,825,846]" pageId="34" pageNumber="890" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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LM
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<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB0656FFECEFC87FEC7FCC3" attach="left" box="[319,327,823,835]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">2</superScript>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFB0656FFEA9FC89FE31FCCE" box="[344,433,825,846]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">MNHN</collectionCode>
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.F.BRL-10-G; bed 4, Berru.
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB0656FFF55FCCAFD93FBA7" blockId="34.[164,779,887,1095]" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">
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||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB0656FFF55FCCAFE9BFC0F" box="[164,283,890,911]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">
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||
<typeStatus id="54CC8826FFB0656FFF55FCCAFE95FC0F" box="[164,277,890,911]" pageId="34" pageNumber="890" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
:
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||
</emphasis>
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Two
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<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CD9FFB0656FFE94FCC9FE0EFC03" box="[357,398,887,910]" collectionCode="LP" pageId="34" pageNumber="890" specimenCode="LP4" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<specimenCode id="DBD19EFFFFB0656FFE94FCC9FE0EFC03" box="[357,398,887,910]" collectionCode="LP" country="Russia" name="Laboratory of Palaeontology" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">
|
||
LP
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||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB0656FFE77FCC7FE0EFC03" attach="both" box="[390,398,887,899]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">4</superScript>
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||
</specimenCode>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
s, MNHN.F.CR-11909, CR-6-Bn; LM
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||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB0656FFF3AFC26FF53FC22" attach="left" box="[203,211,918,930]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">1</superScript>
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||
, MNHN.F.CR-318;
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CD9FFB0656FFE29FC28FD89FC22" box="[472,521,918,941]" collectionCode="RM" pageId="34" pageNumber="890" specimenCode="RM1" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<specimenCode id="DBD19EFFFFB0656FFE29FC28FD89FC22" box="[472,521,918,941]" collectionCode="RM" country="Canada" name="McGill University, Redpath Museum" pageId="34" pageNumber="890" type="Museum">
|
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RM
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||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB0656FFDF0FC26FD89FC22" attach="left" box="[513,521,918,930]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">1</superScript>
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||
</specimenCode>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
, CR-971-Pn;
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<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CD9FFB0656FFD37FC28FF7DFC4C" collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="34" pageNumber="890" specimenCode="RDP4" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<specimenCode id="DBD19EFFFFB0656FFD37FC28FC84FC22" box="[710,772,918,941]" collectionCode="RDP" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">
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RDP
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<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB0656FFD0DFC26FC84FC22" attach="right" box="[764,772,918,930]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">4</superScript>
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||
</specimenCode>
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||
,
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<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFB0656FFF55FC06FF7DFC4C" box="[164,253,950,972]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">MNHN</collectionCode>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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.F.CR-340-Ph;
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<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CD9FFB0656FFE5AFC07FDC8FC4B" box="[427,584,950,972]" collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="34" pageNumber="890" specimenCode="LP3" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<specimenCode id="DBD19EFFFFB0656FFE5AFC07FE54FC4C" box="[427,468,951,972]" collectionCode="LP" country="Russia" name="Laboratory of Palaeontology" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">
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||
LP
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||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFB0656FFE3DFC70FE54FC4C" attach="left" box="[460,468,960,972]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">3</subScript>
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||
</specimenCode>
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||
,
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<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFB0656FFE1EFC06FDC8FC4B" box="[495,584,950,971]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">MNHN</collectionCode>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.F.CR-1211;
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<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CD9FFB0656FFD2AFC07FF7CFC6A" collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="34" pageNumber="890" specimenCode="LP4" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<specimenCode id="DBD19EFFFFB0656FFD2AFC07FC84FC4C" box="[731,772,951,972]" collectionCode="LP" country="Russia" name="Laboratory of Palaeontology" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">
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||
LP
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||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFB0656FFD0DFC70FC84FC4C" attach="left" box="[764,772,960,972]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">4</subScript>
|
||
</specimenCode>
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||
,
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||
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFB0656FFF55FC65FF7CFC6A" box="[164,252,981,1002]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.F.CR-287-L; three RP
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFB0656FFDE1FC6FFD98FC6B" attach="both" box="[528,536,991,1003]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">4</subScript>
|
||
s, MNHN.F.CR-946, CR-1159, CR-1696-Pn; LM
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFB0656FFE29FC4DFE60FB89" attach="left" box="[472,480,1021,1033]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">1</subScript>
|
||
, MNHN.F.CR-4331;
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CD9FFB0656FFD22FC44FF7DFBA7" collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="34" pageNumber="890" specimenCode="RM1" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD19EFFFFB0656FFD22FC44FC84FB89" box="[723,772,1012,1033]" collectionCode="RM" country="Canada" name="McGill University, Redpath Museum" pageId="34" pageNumber="890" type="Museum">
|
||
RM
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||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFB0656FFD0DFC4DFC84FB89" attach="left" box="[764,772,1021,1033]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">1</subScript>
|
||
</specimenCode>
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||
,
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||
<collectionCode id="ED66AE41FFB0656FFF55FBA2FF7DFBA7" box="[164,253,1042,1063]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.F.CR-13773; all Cernay.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB0656FFF4DFB81FDD3FBC6" blockId="34.[164,779,887,1095]" box="[188,595,1071,1095]" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">
|
||
LM
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||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB0656FFF15FB9FFF6CFBBB" attach="left" box="[228,236,1071,1083]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">1</superScript>
|
||
, MNHN.F.I-251, bed 5, Berru.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB0656FFF55FBC1FDBCFB44" blockId="34.[164,779,1135,1220]" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB0656FFF55FBC1FD91FB07" box="[164,529,1137,1159]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">Doubtfully referred specimens:</emphasis>
|
||
LP
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB0656FFDB5FBDFFDCCFBFB" attach="left" box="[580,588,1135,1147]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">3</superScript>
|
||
?, MNHN.F.CR- 284-L; RP
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB0656FFEDFFB3EFEB6FB1A" attach="left" box="[302,310,1166,1178]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">3</superScript>
|
||
?, CR-80-MD; both Cernay. LP
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB0656FFD00FB3EFD79FB1A" attach="left" box="[753,761,1166,1178]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">3</superScript>
|
||
?, MNHN.F.BRL-143-P; bed 4, Berru.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB0656FFF55FB5FFD86FAC1" blockId="34.[164,779,1262,1346]" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB0656FFF55FB5FFE27FA83" box="[164,423,1262,1284]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFB0656FFF55FB5FFF4DFA84" box="[164,205,1263,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Age" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="890" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Age</taxonomicName>
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||
and distribution:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
Sables de Châlons-sur-Vesle supérieurs, late Thanetian, Late Palaeocene, Cernay and Berru (beds 4, 5),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3607614FFB0656FFE41FA9CFD83FAC1" box="[432,515,1324,1345]" name="France" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB0656FFF55FADDFDC7F9B9" blockId="34.[164,779,1386,1594]" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB0656FFF55FADDFE9BFA02" box="[164,283,1389,1410]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Large species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFB0656FFE09FADCFDDEFA01" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[504,606,1388,1409]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Gigarton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="34" pageNumber="890" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB0656FFE09FADCFDDEFA01" box="[504,606,1388,1409]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">Gigarton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, length of M
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB0656FFCF3FADAFC8AFAF6" attach="left" box="[770,778,1386,1398]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">2</superScript>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F9B61FFB0656FFF55FA3BFE8AFA20" box="[164,266,1419,1440]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.37" pageId="34" pageNumber="890" unit="mm" value="3.37">3.37 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Cheek teeth bulbous with thickened enamel (shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFB0656FFE90FA1AFD9FFA3F" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[353,543,1450,1471]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Gigarton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="34" pageNumber="890" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sigogneauae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB0656FFE90FA1AFD9FFA3F" box="[353,543,1450,1471]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">G. sigogneauae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), relatively highcrowned, and large main cusps, causing the basins to be shallow. M
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB0656FFEB4FA54FEDDFA70" attach="left" box="[325,349,1508,1520]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">1–2</superScript>
|
||
with: weak cresting; large hypocone and occlusally convergent buccal and lingual main cusps (shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFB0656FFE78F994FDB7F9B9" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[393,567,1572,1593]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Gigarton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="34" pageNumber="890" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sigogneauae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB0656FFE78F994FDB7F9B9" box="[393,567,1572,1593]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">G. sigogneauae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB0656FFF55F9D5FEA5F9FA" blockId="34.[164,779,1637,1903]" box="[164,293,1637,1658]" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB0656FFF55F9D5FEA5F9FA" box="[164,293,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB0656FFF55F933FABEFD45" blockId="34.[164,779,1637,1903]" lastBlockId="34.[826,1441,504,710]" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB0656FFF55F933FF4EF918" box="[164,206,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">
|
||
P
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB0656FFF45F931FF3CF90D" attach="left" box="[180,188,1665,1677]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">3</superScript>
|
||
?:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Three teeth are quite similar in outline shape and cusp pattern to a nonmolariform variant of P
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB0656FFD14F92FFD6DF92B" attach="left" box="[741,749,1695,1707]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">4</superScript>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFB0656FFF55F970FF7FF955" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[164,255,1728,1749]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Dipavali" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="34" pageNumber="890" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB0656FFF55F970FF7FF955" box="[164,255,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">D. petri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but larger (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFB0656FFE6CF970FDA4F955" box="[413,548,1728,1750]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="34.[164,243,198,217]" captionText="Figure 17. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Gigarton meyeri gen. et sp. nov., late Thanetian, France. A, LP3?, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-284-L). B, LP3?, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-143-P). C, LP4, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-11909). D, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-318). E, holotype LM2, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-10-G). F, LP3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1211). G, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1159). H, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4331). I, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1696-Pn. J, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-946). K, LP4, Cernay 4 4 (MNHN.F.CR-6-Bn). L, LM1, bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.I-251). M, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-971-Pn). N, RDP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-340-Ph). Views are: buccal (A, B1, C1, D1, E1, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (B2, C2, D2, E2, F1, G1, H1, I1, J–N), and lingual (F3, G3, H3, I3). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="34" pageNumber="890">Fig. 17A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). They also have a basally basined distal cingulum and an ectocingulum restricted to the distal half like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFB0656FFDFCF94EFDE3F893" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[525,611,1790,1811]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Dipavali" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="34" pageNumber="890" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB0656FFDFCF94EFDE3F893" box="[525,611,1790,1811]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">D. petri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They differ in having less cresting, especially on the larger protocone, a paracone with a straight, not bowed mesial wall, a larger parastyle, and a narrow longitudinal valley between paracone and protocone, constricted by the bulbous cusps as on M
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB0656FFB65FDA5FB1CFDA1" attach="left" box="[1172,1180,533,545]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">1</superScript>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFB0656FFB32FDA7FAB1FDAD" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[1219,1329,535,557]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Gigarton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="34" pageNumber="890" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meyeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB0656FFB32FDA7FAB1FDAD" box="[1219,1329,535,557]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">G. meyeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There is a tiny metacone fused to the paracone. The distal cingulum ends lingually without a hypocone and does not ascend the back of the protocone. These teeth occlude reasonably well with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFB0656FFB35FD22FAB4FD27" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[1220,1332,658,679]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Gigarton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="34" pageNumber="890" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meyeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB0656FFB35FD22FAB4FD27" box="[1220,1332,658,679]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">G. meyeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
P
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFB0656FFABEFD2BFAD7FD27" attach="right" box="[1359,1367,667,679]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">3</subScript>
|
||
. They are tentatively identified as P
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB0656FFB69FD1EFB20FD3A" attach="left" box="[1176,1184,686,698]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">3</superScript>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFB0656FFB39FD00FAB7FD46" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[1224,1335,688,710]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Gigarton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="34" pageNumber="890" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meyeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB0656FFB39FD00FAB7FD46" box="[1224,1335,688,710]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">G. meyeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB0656FFCCBFD4DFA22F909" blockId="34.[826,1442,762,1673]" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB0656FFCCBFD4DFCDAFC92" box="[826,858,762,786]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">
|
||
P
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB0656FFCBAFD4AFCD3FC86" attach="right" box="[843,851,762,774]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">4</superScript>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
MNHN.F.CR-11909 has basal parts of the mesiobuccal area broken away, but is otherwise well preserved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFB0656FFC4EFC89FBA2FCD0" box="[959,1058,825,848]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="34.[164,243,198,217]" captionText="Figure 17. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Gigarton meyeri gen. et sp. nov., late Thanetian, France. A, LP3?, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-284-L). B, LP3?, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-143-P). C, LP4, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-11909). D, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-318). E, holotype LM2, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-10-G). F, LP3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1211). G, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1159). H, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4331). I, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1696-Pn. J, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-946). K, LP4, Cernay 4 4 (MNHN.F.CR-6-Bn). L, LM1, bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.I-251). M, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-971-Pn). N, RDP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-340-Ph). Views are: buccal (A, B1, C1, D1, E1, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (B2, C2, D2, E2, F1, G1, H1, I1, J–N), and lingual (F3, G3, H3, I3). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="34" pageNumber="890">Fig. 17C</figureCitation>
|
||
). MNHN.F.CR-6-Bn has a complete crown, but is somewhat rolled, polished, and patchily corroded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFB0656FFBD1FCC7FB04FC0D" box="[1056,1156,887,909]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="34.[164,243,198,217]" captionText="Figure 17. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Gigarton meyeri gen. et sp. nov., late Thanetian, France. A, LP3?, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-284-L). B, LP3?, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-143-P). C, LP4, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-11909). D, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-318). E, holotype LM2, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-10-G). F, LP3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1211). G, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1159). H, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4331). I, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1696-Pn. J, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-946). K, LP4, Cernay 4 4 (MNHN.F.CR-6-Bn). L, LM1, bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.I-251). M, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-971-Pn). N, RDP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-340-Ph). Views are: buccal (A, B1, C1, D1, E1, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (B2, C2, D2, E2, F1, G1, H1, I1, J–N), and lingual (F3, G3, H3, I3). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="34" pageNumber="890">Fig. 17K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both show slight tip wear. The parastyle is low and blunt. In MNHN.F.CR- 6-Bn, the metacone is fractionally larger than the paracone, but in MNHN.F.CR-11909 the two cusps are the same size. In both teeth the paracone and metacone are connate, but slightly better separated in MNHN.F.CR-11909. There is a hypocone that is slightly smaller than the protocone and situated close to it distolingually. In MNHN.F.CR-11909, the hypocone makes a bulge in the outline, enhanced by a postflexus. In MNHN.F.CR-6-Bn, there is no bulge and the distal margin is straight. Buccal and lingual cusps are fairly close together and a shallow central valley forms a longitudinal groove between them. Crests are virtually absent. There are very faint postmetacrista and centrocrista and there is a weak postcingulum–metacingulum. The postprotocrista is only represented by the change in slope between the central valley and that between the protocone and hypocone; it dies out after a short distance. The preprotocrista is stronger and dips steeply to meet the lingual end of a weak paracingulum. There is no precingulum. The buccal walls of the paracone and metacone are tilted lingually more than the lingual walls of the protocone and hypocone are tilted buccally. The overall appearance is of extreme bunodonty.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB0656FFCCBF970FA21F8EF" blockId="34.[826,1441,1726,1903]" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB0656FFCCBF970FCE1F955" box="[826,865,1726,1749]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">
|
||
M
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB0656FFCA0F90EFCD9F94A" attach="left" box="[849,857,1726,1738]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">1</superScript>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Bunodonty resembles that of P
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB0656FFB36F90EFB4FF94A" attach="left" box="[1223,1231,1726,1738]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">4</superScript>
|
||
, but the outline is trapezoidal, tapering mesially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFB0656FFB5DF96EFADEF974" box="[1196,1374,1758,1780]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="34.[164,243,198,217]" captionText="Figure 17. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Gigarton meyeri gen. et sp. nov., late Thanetian, France. A, LP3?, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-284-L). B, LP3?, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-143-P). C, LP4, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-11909). D, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-318). E, holotype LM2, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-10-G). F, LP3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1211). G, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1159). H, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4331). I, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1696-Pn. J, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-946). K, LP4, Cernay 4 4 (MNHN.F.CR-6-Bn). L, LM1, bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.I-251). M, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-971-Pn). N, RDP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-340-Ph). Views are: buccal (A, B1, C1, D1, E1, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (B2, C2, D2, E2, F1, G1, H1, I1, J–N), and lingual (F3, G3, H3, I3). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="34" pageNumber="890">Fig. 17D, L, M</figureCitation>
|
||
). The paracone and metacone are further apart than on P
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB0656FFA68F94BFA21F887" attach="right" box="[1433,1441,1787,1799]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">4</superScript>
|
||
and in all three teeth the metacone is larger than the paracone. Paucity of cresting and orientation of those that exist are similar to P
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB0656FFB88F8E7FB01F8E3" attach="right" box="[1145,1153,1879,1891]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">4</superScript>
|
||
. M
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB0656FFB5AF8E7FB33F8E3" attach="left" box="[1195,1203,1879,1891]" fontSize="5" pageId="34" pageNumber="890">1</superScript>
|
||
differs, however, in
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB66569FF55FF32FD66FB4C" blockId="36.[164,668,130,154]" lastBlockId="36.[164,779,838,1228]" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">
|
||
892 J. J. HOOKER and D. E. RUSSELL having a mesially projecting parastyle and a partial ectocingulum that is restricted to the distal side of the metacone. MNHN.F.I-251 has considerable tip wear and a tiny bump in the central valley between the metacone and the hypocone probably represents a metaconule (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFB66569FE89FC6FFE59FC76" box="[376,473,991,1014]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="34.[164,243,198,217]" captionText="Figure 17. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Gigarton meyeri gen. et sp. nov., late Thanetian, France. A, LP3?, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-284-L). B, LP3?, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-143-P). C, LP4, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-11909). D, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-318). E, holotype LM2, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-10-G). F, LP3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1211). G, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1159). H, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4331). I, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1696-Pn. J, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-946). K, LP4, Cernay 4 4 (MNHN.F.CR-6-Bn). L, LM1, bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.I-251). M, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-971-Pn). N, RDP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-340-Ph). Views are: buccal (A, B1, C1, D1, E1, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (B2, C2, D2, E2, F1, G1, H1, I1, J–N), and lingual (F3, G3, H3, I3). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="36" pageNumber="892">Fig. 17L</figureCitation>
|
||
). The nearly unworn MNHN.F.CR-318 differs in having a better developed trigon with distinct postprotocrista ending in a metaconule that is nearly as large as the hypocone (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFB66569FF5DFBEAFE90FBF0" box="[172,272,1114,1136]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="34.[164,243,198,217]" captionText="Figure 17. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Gigarton meyeri gen. et sp. nov., late Thanetian, France. A, LP3?, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-284-L). B, LP3?, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-143-P). C, LP4, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-11909). D, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-318). E, holotype LM2, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-10-G). F, LP3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1211). G, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1159). H, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4331). I, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1696-Pn. J, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-946). K, LP4, Cernay 4 4 (MNHN.F.CR-6-Bn). L, LM1, bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.I-251). M, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-971-Pn). N, RDP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-340-Ph). Views are: buccal (A, B1, C1, D1, E1, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (B2, C2, D2, E2, F1, G1, H1, I1, J–N), and lingual (F3, G3, H3, I3). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="36" pageNumber="892">Fig. 17D</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFB66569FEE1FBEAFE9EFBF0" box="[272,286,1114,1136]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1510,1529]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,194,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-112@4.[323,1283,194,1480]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth and jaw of Walbeckodon krumbiegeli gen. et sp. nov., Palaeocene, Walbeck, Germany. A, paratype LP3 (MLU.Wa/363). B, paratype composite dentition, LP4, LM1, LM2, LM3 (MLU.Wa/386). C, holotype left dentary with P –M (MLU.Wa104.2011). Views are: buccal 4 3 (A1, B1, C2), occlusal (A2, B2, C1), and lingual (C3). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407244/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Its buccal cusps are slightly taller than its lingual cusps (Fig. 19K). A third specimen has a short, strong postprotocrista that stops short of the central valley and lacks a metaconule (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFB66569FD80FB06FD5AFB4C" box="[625,730,1206,1228]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="34.[164,243,198,217]" captionText="Figure 17. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Gigarton meyeri gen. et sp. nov., late Thanetian, France. A, LP3?, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-284-L). B, LP3?, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-143-P). C, LP4, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-11909). D, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-318). E, holotype LM2, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-10-G). F, LP3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1211). G, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1159). H, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4331). I, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1696-Pn. J, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-946). K, LP4, Cernay 4 4 (MNHN.F.CR-6-Bn). L, LM1, bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.I-251). M, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-971-Pn). N, RDP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-340-Ph). Views are: buccal (A, B1, C1, D1, E1, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (B2, C2, D2, E2, F1, G1, H1, I1, J–N), and lingual (F3, G3, H3, I3). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="36" pageNumber="892">Fig. 17M</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF08660CFFB66569FF55FD75FEB4FD76" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407266" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5407266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407266/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="892" startId="36.[164,243,709,728]" targetBox="[387,1219,195,679]" targetPageId="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB66569FF55FD75FEBAFD76" blockId="36.[164,1441,709,758]" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB66569FF55FD75FE99FD58" bold="true" box="[164,281,709,728]" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">Figure 18.</emphasis>
|
||
Scatter diagrams of Ln length vs. Ln width of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFB66569FC77FD76FC63FD59" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[902,995,710,729]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Gigarton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="36" pageNumber="892" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB66569FC77FD76FC63FD59" box="[902,995,710,729]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">Gigarton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For explanation of symbols see Figure 8. A, M
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB66569FF28FD6FFF6FFD6B" attach="right" box="[217,239,735,747]" fontSize="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">1–2</superScript>
|
||
; B, P.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB66569FEDCFD5AFEB4FD76" blockId="36.[164,1441,709,758]" box="[301,308,746,758]" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFB66569FEDCFD5AFEB4FD76" attach="left" box="[301,308,746,758]" fontSize="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">4</subScript>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB66569FF55FAA3FB88FCFB" blockId="36.[164,779,1297,1474]" lastBlockId="36.[826,1441,838,891]" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB66569FF55FAA3FF4AFAA8" box="[164,202,1297,1320]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">
|
||
M
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB66569FF4AFAA1FF43FA9D" attach="left" box="[187,195,1297,1309]" fontSize="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">2</superScript>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The single tooth so identified is similar to P
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F9B61FFB66569FD10FAA1FC8BFAA9" box="[737,779,1297,1321]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="36" pageNumber="892" unit="in" value="4.0">
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB66569FD10FAA1FD69FA9D" attach="left" box="[737,745,1297,1309]" fontSize="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">4</superScript>
|
||
in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
outline and structure, but larger; the paracone and the distinctly larger metacone are more widely spaced; there is a thin, sharp, distobuccally directed postprotocrista, but no metaconule; there is a shallow postflexus; and the hypocone is larger (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFB66569FD96FA1CFD4BFA42" box="[615,715,1452,1474]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="34.[164,243,198,217]" captionText="Figure 17. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Gigarton meyeri gen. et sp. nov., late Thanetian, France. A, LP3?, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-284-L). B, LP3?, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-143-P). C, LP4, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-11909). D, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-318). E, holotype LM2, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-10-G). F, LP3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1211). G, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1159). H, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4331). I, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1696-Pn. J, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-946). K, LP4, Cernay 4 4 (MNHN.F.CR-6-Bn). L, LM1, bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.I-251). M, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-971-Pn). N, RDP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-340-Ph). Views are: buccal (A, B1, C1, D1, E1, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (B2, C2, D2, E2, F1, G1, H1, I1, J–N), and lingual (F3, G3, H3, I3). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="36" pageNumber="892">Fig. 17E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lingual tilt of the paracone and metacone is greater than on P
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB66569FC5EFCD3FC37FCEF" attach="left" box="[943,951,867,879]" fontSize="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">4</superScript>
|
||
or M
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB66569FC08FCD3FB81FCEF" attach="left" box="[1017,1025,867,879]" fontSize="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">1</superScript>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB66569FCCBFC03FBD5FB5B" blockId="36.[826,1441,944,1244]" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB66569FCCBFC03FCEDFC48" box="[826,877,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">
|
||
DP
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB66569FCAFFC00FCE6FC3C" attach="left" box="[862,870,944,956]" fontSize="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">4</superScript>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The outline is like M
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB66569FB96FC00FBEFFC3C" attach="right" box="[1127,1135,944,956]" fontSize="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">1</superScript>
|
||
, but with a more exaggerated mesial taper (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFB66569FBEAFC61FB00FC67" box="[1051,1152,977,999]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="34.[164,243,198,217]" captionText="Figure 17. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Gigarton meyeri gen. et sp. nov., late Thanetian, France. A, LP3?, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-284-L). B, LP3?, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-143-P). C, LP4, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-11909). D, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-318). E, holotype LM2, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-10-G). F, LP3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1211). G, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1159). H, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4331). I, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1696-Pn. J, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-946). K, LP4, Cernay 4 4 (MNHN.F.CR-6-Bn). L, LM1, bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.I-251). M, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-971-Pn). N, RDP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-340-Ph). Views are: buccal (A, B1, C1, D1, E1, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (B2, C2, D2, E2, F1, G1, H1, I1, J–N), and lingual (F3, G3, H3, I3). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="36" pageNumber="892">Fig. 17N</figureCitation>
|
||
). Crown height is lower, the parastyle is large and mesially projecting and the enamel where exposed is slightly thinner. There is a relatively large metaconule at the end of a short, strong postprotocrista. There is a distinct ectoflexus, which interrupts what would otherwise be a continuous ectocingulum. There is also a precingulum, which joins a paracingulum, and the postcingulum– metacingulum is strong.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB66569FCCBFAA3FA21FA42" blockId="36.[826,1441,1299,1474]" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB66569FCCBFAA3FCDAFAA8" box="[826,858,1299,1321]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">
|
||
P
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFB66569FCBAFAADFCD3FAA9" attach="right" box="[843,851,1309,1321]" fontSize="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">3</subScript>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The single specimen is somewhat abraded basally and the size of its paraconid is difficult to ascertain (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFB66569FCB3FAE0FC24FAE6" box="[834,932,1360,1382]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="34.[164,243,198,217]" captionText="Figure 17. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Gigarton meyeri gen. et sp. nov., late Thanetian, France. A, LP3?, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-284-L). B, LP3?, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-143-P). C, LP4, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-11909). D, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-318). E, holotype LM2, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-10-G). F, LP3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1211). G, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1159). H, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4331). I, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1696-Pn. J, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-946). K, LP4, Cernay 4 4 (MNHN.F.CR-6-Bn). L, LM1, bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.I-251). M, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-971-Pn). N, RDP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-340-Ph). Views are: buccal (A, B1, C1, D1, E1, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (B2, C2, D2, E2, F1, G1, H1, I1, J–N), and lingual (F3, G3, H3, I3). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="36" pageNumber="892">Fig. 17F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F9B61FFB66569FC33FAE0FBAFFAE5" box="[962,1071,1360,1381]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.22" pageId="36" pageNumber="892" unit="mm" value="3.22">3.22 mm</quantity>
|
||
is a slight underestimate of length and it is
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F9B61FFB66569FBF1FADEFBE8FA04" box="[1024,1128,1390,1412]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" pageId="36" pageNumber="892" unit="mm" value="1.76">1.76 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. The tooth is bulletshaped in outline, tapering mesially. There is a large area of exposed dentine on the protoconid, which is
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB66569FA7FF9AEFDB6F8EE" blockId="36.[164,1441,1566,1902]" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">
|
||
›
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB66569FF55F986FE99F9C9" bold="true" box="[164,281,1590,1609]" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">Figure 19.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFB66569FB99F986FAEAF9C9" authority="Hooker & Russell, 2012" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[1128,1386,1590,1609]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Gigarton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="36" pageNumber="892" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sigogneauae" status="gen. et sp. nov.">Gigarton sigogneauae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057EDFFB66569FA81F986FE97F9E6" pageId="36" pageNumber="892" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB66569FA81F986FA21F9C9" bold="true" box="[1392,1441,1590,1609]" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">gen.</emphasis>
|
||
et
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB66569FF4EF9E3FE97F9E6" bold="true" box="[191,279,1619,1638]" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(A–J),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFB66569FE95F9E3FD97F9E6" authority="Hooker & Russell, 2012" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[356,535,1619,1638]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Gigarton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="36" pageNumber="892" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="louisi" status="gen. et sp. nov.">Gigarton louisi</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057EDFFB66569FDEEF9E3FD4AF9E6" box="[543,714,1619,1639]" pageId="36" pageNumber="892" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB66569FDEEF9E3FDCFF9E6" bold="true" box="[543,591,1619,1638]" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">gen.</emphasis>
|
||
et
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB66569FD83F9E3FD4AF9E6" bold="true" box="[626,714,1619,1638]" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(L–N, P),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFB66569FCC8F9E3FC77F9E6" authority="Hooker & Russell, 2012" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[825,1015,1619,1638]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Gigarton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="36" pageNumber="892" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meyeri" status="gen. et sp. nov.">Gigarton meyeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057EDFFB66569FC0FF9E3FB2AF9E6" box="[1022,1194,1619,1639]" pageId="36" pageNumber="892" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB66569FC0FF9E3FBAFF9E6" bold="true" box="[1022,1071,1619,1638]" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">gen.</emphasis>
|
||
et
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB66569FBA3F9E3FB2AF9E6" bold="true" box="[1106,1194,1619,1638]" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(K), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFB66569FAFFF9E3FA21F9E6" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[1294,1441,1619,1638]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Dipavali" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="36" pageNumber="892" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB66569FAFFF9E3FA21F9E6" box="[1294,1441,1619,1638]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">Dipavali petri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(O), late Thanetian,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3607614FFB66569FE70F9C1FE4DF904" box="[385,461,1649,1668]" name="France" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
. A, RDP
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB66569FDD8F9DDFDB0F9F9" attach="left" box="[553,560,1645,1657]" fontSize="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">4</superScript>
|
||
(reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1218). B, LM
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB66569FBDBF9DDFBB1F9F9" attach="right" box="[1066,1073,1645,1657]" fontSize="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">1</superScript>
|
||
, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-78-MD). C,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CC8826FFB66569FF55F93EFF7DF921" box="[164,253,1678,1697]" pageId="36" pageNumber="892" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
RM
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB66569FEDCF93AFEB4F916" attach="left" box="[301,308,1674,1686]" fontSize="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">2</superScript>
|
||
(reversed), bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-99-P). D, RM
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB66569FC75F93AFC0BF916" attach="left" box="[900,907,1674,1686]" fontSize="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">3</superScript>
|
||
(reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-88-Ph). E, RM
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB66569FA6BF93AFA21F916" attach="left" box="[1434,1441,1674,1686]" fontSize="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">1</superScript>
|
||
(reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-284-Bn). F, LM
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB66569FD5FF917FD35F933" attach="left" box="[686,693,1703,1715]" fontSize="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">2</superScript>
|
||
, bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.I-682). G, LP
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFB66569FBA7F903FBDDF93F" attach="left" box="[1110,1117,1715,1727]" fontSize="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">4</subScript>
|
||
, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-15937- Collier). H, LM
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFB66569FEB7F960FECDF95C" attach="left" box="[326,333,1744,1756]" fontSize="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">1</subScript>
|
||
, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-288-L). I, LM
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFB66569FD24F960FD5CF95C" attach="left" box="[725,732,1744,1756]" fontSize="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">3</subScript>
|
||
, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-321-L). J, LDP
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB66569FB82F975FBFAF951" attach="left" box="[1139,1146,1733,1745]" fontSize="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">4</superScript>
|
||
, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-156- Ph). K, LM
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB66569FED5F952FEABF96E" attach="right" box="[292,299,1762,1774]" fontSize="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">1</superScript>
|
||
, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-318). L, RM
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB66569FD45F952FD3BF96E" attach="left" box="[692,699,1762,1774]" fontSize="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">1</superScript>
|
||
(reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-289-L). M,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CC8826FFB66569FB40F955FA8AF978" box="[1201,1290,1765,1784]" pageId="36" pageNumber="892" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
LM
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB66569FACAF952FAC2F96E" attach="right" box="[1339,1346,1762,1774]" fontSize="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">2</superScript>
|
||
, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-93-L). N, LM
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB66569FE3FF94FFE55F88B" attach="left" box="[462,469,1791,1803]" fontSize="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">3</superScript>
|
||
, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-129-Pn). O,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CC8826FFB66569FC90F8B3FC3EF896" box="[865,958,1795,1814]" pageId="36" pageNumber="892" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
LM
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB66569FC1EF94FFC76F88B" attach="left" box="[1007,1014,1791,1803]" fontSize="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">1</superScript>
|
||
, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1186). P, LDP
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB66569FA62F94FFA1AF88B" attach="left" box="[1427,1434,1791,1803]" fontSize="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">4</superScript>
|
||
, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-290-L). Views are: buccal (A1, B1, C1, D1, G2, H2, I2, L1, M1, N1), occlusal (A2, B2, C2, D2, E, F, G1, H1, I1, J, L2, M2, N2, P), lingual (G3, H3, I3), and distal (C3, K, L3, O). Short scale bar
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB66569FB83F88CFBFEF8D0" bold="true" box="[1138,1150,1852,1872]" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">=</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F9B61FFB66569FB75F88DFB3FF8D1" box="[1156,1215,1853,1873]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="892" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
for A–K, L3, O. Long scale bar
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB66569FEFBF8EAFE96F8EE" bold="true" box="[266,278,1882,1902]" pageId="36" pageNumber="892">=</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F9B61FFB66569FEECF8EBFED7F8EE" box="[285,343,1883,1902]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="892" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
for L1, L2, M, N, P.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB4656BFF55FF76FD5FFEF5" blockId="38.[164,779,198,373]" pageId="38" pageNumber="894">almost the only cusp of the trigonid, there being no metaconid. The protoconid is bulbous and has two faint distal crests that die out before reaching the talonid basin. The talonid is slightly wider than the trigonid and bears a small hypoconid, entoconid, and even smaller hypoconulid, but no cristid obliqua.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB4656BFF55FE17FC8BFB1A" blockId="38.[164,779,422,1179]" pageId="38" pageNumber="894">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB4656BFF55FE17FF43FE3C" box="[164,195,423,444]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="894">
|
||
P
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFB4656BFF45FE00FF3CFE3C" attach="left" box="[180,188,432,444]" fontSize="5" pageId="38" pageNumber="894">4</subScript>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Five specimens give a good idea of variation. Shape and general structure are similar to P
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFB4656BFD38FE7FFD51FE5B" attach="right" box="[713,721,463,475]" fontSize="5" pageId="38" pageNumber="894">3</subScript>
|
||
, but there is a metaconid that is substantially smaller than the protoconid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFB4656BFE6BFDB2FDB5FD97" box="[410,565,514,536]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="34.[164,243,198,217]" captionText="Figure 17. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Gigarton meyeri gen. et sp. nov., late Thanetian, France. A, LP3?, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-284-L). B, LP3?, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-143-P). C, LP4, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-11909). D, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-318). E, holotype LM2, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-10-G). F, LP3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1211). G, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1159). H, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4331). I, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1696-Pn. J, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-946). K, LP4, Cernay 4 4 (MNHN.F.CR-6-Bn). L, LM1, bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.I-251). M, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-971-Pn). N, RDP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-340-Ph). Views are: buccal (A, B1, C1, D1, E1, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (B2, C2, D2, E2, F1, G1, H1, I1, J–N), and lingual (F3, G3, H3, I3). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="38" pageNumber="894">Fig. 17G, I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is a faint, blunt paracristid that curves around the front of the trigonid to meet a tiny paraconid at the mesiolingual corner, terminating a faint, short precingulid. The paraconid is lacking in MNHN.F.CR-288-L. The protocristid is deeply notched and in MNHN.F.CR-946 is blocked by a supernumerary cusp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFB4656BFD92FD0AFD41FD50" box="[611,705,698,720]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="34.[164,243,198,217]" captionText="Figure 17. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Gigarton meyeri gen. et sp. nov., late Thanetian, France. A, LP3?, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-284-L). B, LP3?, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-143-P). C, LP4, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-11909). D, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-318). E, holotype LM2, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-10-G). F, LP3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1211). G, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1159). H, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4331). I, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1696-Pn. J, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-946). K, LP4, Cernay 4 4 (MNHN.F.CR-6-Bn). L, LM1, bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.I-251). M, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-971-Pn). N, RDP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-340-Ph). Views are: buccal (A, B1, C1, D1, E1, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (B2, C2, D2, E2, F1, G1, H1, I1, J–N), and lingual (F3, G3, H3, I3). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="38" pageNumber="894">Fig. 17J</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cristid obliqua is variably developed. In the least worn tooth (MNHN.F.CR-1159) it dips steeply mesially then rises sharply a short distance up the back of the trigonid in a buccal position (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFB4656BFD6BFC84FD7EFCCA" box="[666,766,820,842]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="34.[164,243,198,217]" captionText="Figure 17. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Gigarton meyeri gen. et sp. nov., late Thanetian, France. A, LP3?, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-284-L). B, LP3?, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-143-P). C, LP4, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-11909). D, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-318). E, holotype LM2, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-10-G). F, LP3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1211). G, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1159). H, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4331). I, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1696-Pn. J, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-946). K, LP4, Cernay 4 4 (MNHN.F.CR-6-Bn). L, LM1, bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.I-251). M, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-971-Pn). N, RDP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-340-Ph). Views are: buccal (A, B1, C1, D1, E1, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (B2, C2, D2, E2, F1, G1, H1, I1, J–N), and lingual (F3, G3, H3, I3). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="38" pageNumber="894">Fig. 17G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The talonid cusps are larger than on P
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFB4656BFD75FCEDFD0CFCE9" attach="left" box="[644,652,861,873]" fontSize="5" pageId="38" pageNumber="894">3</subScript>
|
||
and more than half the height of the protoconid in MNHN.F.CR- 1159. This specimen and MNHN.F.CR-1696-Pn have a small entoconulid on a weak pre-entocristid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFB4656BFF5DFC7DFEA9FC62" box="[172,297,973,995]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="34.[164,243,198,217]" captionText="Figure 17. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Gigarton meyeri gen. et sp. nov., late Thanetian, France. A, LP3?, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-284-L). B, LP3?, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-143-P). C, LP4, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-11909). D, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-318). E, holotype LM2, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-10-G). F, LP3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1211). G, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1159). H, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4331). I, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1696-Pn. J, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-946). K, LP4, Cernay 4 4 (MNHN.F.CR-6-Bn). L, LM1, bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.I-251). M, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-971-Pn). N, RDP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-340-Ph). Views are: buccal (A, B1, C1, D1, E1, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (B2, C2, D2, E2, F1, G1, H1, I1, J–N), and lingual (F3, G3, H3, I3). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="38" pageNumber="894">Fig. 17G, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). The metaconid is fused with the protoconid high on the crown mesially, so that there is no trigonid basin as a swollen protoconid bulges right to the lingual edge, forming a blunt cusp in front of the metaconid in MNHN.F.CR-946 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFB4656BFDDBFBF7FD09FBDE" box="[554,649,1095,1118]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="34.[164,243,198,217]" captionText="Figure 17. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Gigarton meyeri gen. et sp. nov., late Thanetian, France. A, LP3?, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-284-L). B, LP3?, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-143-P). C, LP4, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-11909). D, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-318). E, holotype LM2, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-10-G). F, LP3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1211). G, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1159). H, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4331). I, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1696-Pn. J, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-946). K, LP4, Cernay 4 4 (MNHN.F.CR-6-Bn). L, LM1, bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.I-251). M, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-971-Pn). N, RDP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-340-Ph). Views are: buccal (A, B1, C1, D1, E1, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (B2, C2, D2, E2, F1, G1, H1, I1, J–N), and lingual (F3, G3, H3, I3). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="38" pageNumber="894">Fig. 17J</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is considerable size variation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFB4656BFE1AFBD6FDCDFBFC" box="[491,589,1126,1148]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="36.[164,243,709,728]" captionTargetBox="[387,1219,195,679]" captionTargetId="figure-317@36.[387,1219,195,679]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 18. Scatter diagrams of Ln length vs. Ln width of species of Gigarton. For explanation of symbols see Figure 8. A, M1–2; B, P. 4" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407266/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="894">Fig. 18B</figureCitation>
|
||
), but the smallest, MNHN.F.CR-15937 is referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFB4656BFDA9FB35FC84FB1A" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[600,772,1157,1178]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Gigarton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="38" pageNumber="894" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sigogneauae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB4656BFDA9FB35FC84FB1A" box="[600,772,1157,1178]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="894">G. sigogneauae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB4656BFF55FB7DFC8BF92C" blockId="38.[164,779,1228,1709]" pageId="38" pageNumber="894">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB4656BFF55FB7DFF4AFB62" box="[164,202,1229,1250]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="894">
|
||
M
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFB4656BFF4AFB66FF43FB62" attach="left" box="[187,195,1238,1250]" fontSize="5" pageId="38" pageNumber="894">1</subScript>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The talonid is shorter and narrower than the trigonid and its basin is shallow, matching the pattern of the trigon cusps and valleys of M
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB4656BFCF3FAB7FC8AFA93" attach="left" box="[770,778,1287,1299]" fontSize="5" pageId="38" pageNumber="894">1</superScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFB4656BFF5DFA98FE92FABE" box="[172,274,1320,1342]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="34.[164,243,198,217]" captionText="Figure 17. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Gigarton meyeri gen. et sp. nov., late Thanetian, France. A, LP3?, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-284-L). B, LP3?, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-143-P). C, LP4, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-11909). D, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-318). E, holotype LM2, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-10-G). F, LP3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1211). G, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1159). H, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4331). I, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1696-Pn. J, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-946). K, LP4, Cernay 4 4 (MNHN.F.CR-6-Bn). L, LM1, bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.I-251). M, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-971-Pn). N, RDP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-340-Ph). Views are: buccal (A, B1, C1, D1, E1, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (B2, C2, D2, E2, F1, G1, H1, I1, J–N), and lingual (F3, G3, H3, I3). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="38" pageNumber="894">Fig. 17H</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cristid obliqua is weak and steeply dipping as on P
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFB4656BFEA8FAE0FEE1FADC" attach="left" box="[345,353,1360,1372]" fontSize="5" pageId="38" pageNumber="894">4</subScript>
|
||
. The distal slope of the hypoconid is longer than its mesial slope, allowing space behind for occlusion of the large M
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB4656BFE41FA32FE38FA0E" attach="left" box="[432,440,1410,1422]" fontSize="5" pageId="38" pageNumber="894">1</superScript>
|
||
metacone. MNHN.F.CR-4331 is abraded mesially, but the metaconid appears to have been fused to the protoconid high on the crown as on P
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFB4656BFF0CFA59FE85FA75" attach="left" box="[253,261,1513,1525]" fontSize="5" pageId="38" pageNumber="894">4</subScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFB4656BFEE6FA6FFE00FA76" box="[279,384,1503,1526]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="34.[164,243,198,217]" captionText="Figure 17. Scanning electron micrographs of gold-palladium coated epoxy casts of teeth of Gigarton meyeri gen. et sp. nov., late Thanetian, France. A, LP3?, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-284-L). B, LP3?, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-143-P). C, LP4, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-11909). D, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-318). E, holotype LM2, bed 4, Berru (MNHN.F.BRL-10-G). F, LP3, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1211). G, RP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1159). H, LM1, Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-4331). I, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-1696-Pn. J, RP (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-946). K, LP4, Cernay 4 4 (MNHN.F.CR-6-Bn). L, LM1, bed 5, Berru (MNHN.F.I-251). M, RM1 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-971-Pn). N, RDP4 (reversed), Cernay (MNHN.F.CR-340-Ph). Views are: buccal (A, B1, C1, D1, E1, F2, G2, H2, I2), occlusal (B2, C2, D2, E2, F1, G1, H1, I1, J–N), and lingual (F3, G3, H3, I3). Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="38" pageNumber="894">Fig. 17H</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFB4656BFE71FA50FE0AFA76" box="[384,394,1504,1526]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[144,223,1185,1204]" captionTargetBox="[312,1251,203,1150]" captionTargetId="figure-102@1.[303,1263,195,1156]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Dental terminology. A, B, upper molar; C, D, lower molar, all shown as from left side in occlusal view. Mesial is to left; distal is to right; buccal in uppers is above and in lowers below; lingual in uppers is below and in lowers above. A, C, primitive morphotype; B, D, derived morphotype. Some cusps and crests shown in A and C are assumed for B and D, respectively. Some taxa combine some features of the different morphotypes. Abbreviations: co, cristid obliqua; dclm, distal cingulum; ecf, ectoflexus; ecfd, ectoflexid; eclm, ectocingulum; ectsd, ectostylid; entd, entoconid; entf, entoflexus; entld, entoconulid; ents, entostyle; hyd, hypoconid; hyfd, hypoflexid; hyld, hypoconulid; hyp, hypocone; hyphd, hypolophid; mbstd, mesiobuccal stylid; mclm, mesial cingulum; mes, mesostyle; mesd, mesoconid; mestd, mesostylid; met, metacone; metclm, metacingulum; metd, metaconid; metle, metaconule; metph, metaloph; mets, metastyle; pacd, paracristid; paclm, paracingulum; pad, paraconid; par, paracone; parle, paraconule; pas, parastyle; pocld, postcingulid; poclm, postcingulum; pof, postflexus; poentcd, postentocristid; pohycd, posthypocristid; pomec, postmetacrista; pometcd, postmetacristid; pometlc, postmetaconule crista; popac, postparacrista; poparlc, postparaconule crista; poprc, postprotocrista; precld, precingulid; preclm, precingulum; preentcd, pre-entocristid; pref, preflexus; premec, premetacrista; premetcd, premetacristid; premetlc, premetaconule crista; prepac, preparacrista; preparlc, preparaconule crista; preprc, preprotocrista; procd, protocristid; prot, protocone; protd, protoconid; prs, protostyle; prtph, protoloph; prtphd, protolophid; tb, trigon basin; tgb, trigonid basin; tlb, talonid basin. Tooth abbreviations in text: I, incisor; C, canine; P, premolar; M, molar; DP, deciduous premolar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407242/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="894">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Unlike P
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFB4656BFDF8FA59FD91FA75" attach="left" box="[521,529,1513,1525]" fontSize="5" pageId="38" pageNumber="894">4</subScript>
|
||
, however, the mesial surface is transverse, not mesially tapering. MNHN.F.CR-4331 is somewhat worn. In contrast, MNHN.F.CR-13773 is unworn but broken mesially and basally. It shows generally taller cusps, a shallower protocristid notch, and a longer distal but shorter mesial slope to the hypoconid than in the P
|
||
<subScript id="17F334C1FFB4656BFD01F911FD78F92D" attach="both" box="[752,760,1697,1709]" fontSize="5" pageId="38" pageNumber="894">4</subScript>
|
||
s.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83684FFB4656BFF55F96FFBDEFEB8" blockId="38.[164,779,1758,1903]" lastBlockId="38.[826,1441,198,312]" pageId="38" pageNumber="894">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB4656BFF55F96FFEA4F974" box="[164,292,1759,1780]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="894">Discussion:</emphasis>
|
||
There are too few specimens of any upper tooth
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CC8826FFB4656BFF18F94DFE9AF892" box="[233,282,1789,1810]" pageId="38" pageNumber="894">type</typeStatus>
|
||
belonging to this species to obtain a reliable coefficient of variation for size measurements. However, combining the respective length and width dimensions of the five larger
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFB4656BFDF1F8E9FDE6F8EE" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[512,614,1881,1902]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Gigarton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="38" pageNumber="894" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB4656BFDF1F8E9FDE6F8EE" box="[512,614,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="894">Gigarton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
M
|
||
<superScript id="7C029BCCFFB4656BFD76F8E7FD0FF8E3" attach="both" box="[647,655,1879,1891]" fontSize="5" pageId="38" pageNumber="894">1</superScript>
|
||
s produces coefficients of variation well above that expected of a single species (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F5033FFFB4656BFC1BFF54FBC0FF7A" box="[1002,1088,228,250]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="39.[144,208,198,217]" captionText="Table 6. Statistics of length (L) and width (W) measurements in millimetres of species of Gigarton gen. nov., Cernay and Berru" pageId="38" pageNumber="894">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
), so
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D07FFB4656BFB8BFF55FB6AFF7A" authorityName="Hooker & Russell" authorityYear="2012" box="[1146,1258,229,250]" class="Mammalia" family="Louisinidae" genus="Gigarton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="38" pageNumber="894" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meyeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EA96FFB4656BFB8BFF55FB6AFF7A" box="[1146,1258,229,250]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="894">G. meyeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to the grouping of larger teeth, which are also highercrowned (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C2A01FFB4656BFC5AFE92FB93FEB7" box="[939,1043,290,312]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="36.[164,243,709,728]" captionTargetBox="[387,1219,195,679]" captionTargetId="figure-317@36.[387,1219,195,679]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 18. Scatter diagrams of Ln length vs. Ln width of species of Gigarton. For explanation of symbols see Figure 8. A, M1–2; B, P. 4" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407266/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="894">Figs 18A</figureCitation>
|
||
, 19K).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |