treatments-xml/data/03/DD/EE/03DDEE4EFF835D02FF7AFD9FC8567019.xml

<document id="530FC97C23B032B335E2679B5A99BF35" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.293307" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7b9077bb-afbf-440d-903b-75f17abecf3d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="293307" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460216096959" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kajihara, Hiroshi &amp; Lindsay, Dhugal J." docDate="2010" docId="03DDEE4EFF835D02FF7AFD9FC8567019" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02429p051.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2429" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Dinonemertes shinkaii Kajihara &amp; Lindsay, 2010, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="FFE49636FF825D05FFEDFFA8CD4E731E" masterDocTitle="Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea: Polystilifera: Pelagica) a new species of bathypelagic nemertean" masterLastPageNumber="51" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1698237068901" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="BC6BC7718FE6654E7FDC4E4D43763B1D">Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea: Polystilifera: Pelagica) a new species of bathypelagic nemertean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2712AB2DA696A447F662A36EDCA9D682">Kajihara, Hiroshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3AC4577AAB9CD1A59A0E4A7F3EB3B82A">Lindsay, Dhugal J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="22933739560514613838BB5183A32579">2010</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03DDEE4EFF835D02FF7AFD9FC8567019" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6200020" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119384251" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6200020" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DDEE4EFF835D02FF7AFD9FC8567019" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DDEE4EFF835D02FF7AFD9FC8567019" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
<subSubSection id="C36E0CD3FF835D04FF7AFD9FCC5F716A" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCB5F58FF835D04FF7AFD9FCF40714F" blockId="1.[151,526,567,628]" box="[151,526,567,593]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
<heading id="D083E834FF835D04FF7AFD9FCF40714F" bold="true" box="[151,526,567,593]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF835D04FF7AFD9FCF40714F" bold="true" box="[151,526,567,593]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF835D04FF7AFD9FCCE7714F" box="[151,425,567,593]" class="Enopla" family="Dinonemertidae" genus="Dinonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="shinkaii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF835D04FF7AFD9FCCE7714F" bold="true" box="[151,425,567,593]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Dinonemertes shinkaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2333E31FF835D04FE5DFD9FCF40714F" box="[432,526,567,593]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB5F58FF835D04FF7AFDF2CC5F716A" blockId="1.[151,526,567,628]" box="[151,273,602,628]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
(
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF835D04FF72FDF2CC49716A" box="[159,263,602,628]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="1.[151,257,1869,1893]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,255,1810,1834]" captionStartId-2="3.[151,255,1125,1149]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,257,1229,1253]" captionStartId-4="6.[151,255,1393,1417]" captionTargetBox-0="[188,1398,759,1843]" captionTargetBox-1="[240,1350,194,1783]" captionTargetBox-2="[188,1398,194,1103]" captionTargetBox-3="[188,1398,197,1203]" captionTargetBox-4="[188,1398,458,1367]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[188,1398,759,1844]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[240,1350,194,1784]" captionTargetId-2="figure@3.[188,1398,194,1103]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[188,1398,197,1204]" captionTargetId-4="figure@6.[188,1398,458,1367]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4. A. Living specimen taken in situ by a video camera on the manned submersible Shinkai 6500 at a depth of 2343 m; head to the right. B. Living specimen taken on board the R. V. Yokosuka showing the general shape and the coloration, ventral view; head to the right. C. Head of the living specimen, dorsal view. D. Preserved specimen, dorsal view; head to the right." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Body wall in the anterior intestinal region, showing the rudimentary development of the body-wall musculature on the lateral sides (arrowhead); the epidermis is largely exfoliated. B. Rhynchodaeum surrounded by circular muscles (arrowhead). C. Dorsal surface in the posterior region of the body to show the appearance of the epidermis. D. Rhynchocoel wall comprised of outer circular, middle longitudinal, and inner circular muscle layers; pseudostriated muscle fibre in the outer circular layer is indicated by an arrowhead. E. Pseudostriated muscle fibre in the rhynchocoel inner circular muscle layer." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Proboscis anterior chamber with everted (exterior) and inverted (interior) states; the 24 nerves in the everted proboscis are indicated by arrowheads. B. Proboscis anterior chamber in inverted state; arrowhead shows a “ ganglion ” between the proboscis nerves. C. Anterior portion of the proboscis posterior chamber; arrowheads indicating the proboscis nerves. D. Posterior portion of the proboscis posterior chamber; arrowheads indicate the incomplete nerve layer." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Brain region, showing dorsal cephalic vascular anastomosis (arrowhead). B. Pylorus opening to the dorsal wall of the intestinal caecum. C. Intestinal lateral diverticulum. D. Caudal vessel above anal opening." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Vascular plug in the stomach region. B. Mid-dorsal vessel and a pair of lateral vessels before merging posteriorly to form a caudal vessel above the intestine. C. Caudal vessel; the two lateral nerves are about to merge above the intestine. D. Oocytes linearly arrayed in the ovary; nurse cells surrounding the oocytes." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/293308/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/293309/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/293310/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/294256/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/293312/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Figs 1–5</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E0CD3FF835D04FF7AFD0DC87C71A1" box="[151,1330,677,703]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCB5F58FF835D04FF7AFD0DC87C71A1" blockId="1.[151,1330,677,703]" box="[151,1330,677,703]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF835D04FF7AFD0DCCC571A1" bold="true" box="[151,395,677,703]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54CFE1FAFF835D04FE7FFD0DCF4C71A1" box="[402,514,677,703]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, JAMSTEC 6K549SS4, female, serial transverse sections, 112 slides.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF0B0FD0FF835D04FF7AF8E5C95874DA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293308/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" targetBox="[188,1398,759,1843]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8BCB5F58FF835D04FF7AF8E5C95874DA" blockId="1.[151,1436,1869,1989]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF835D04FF7AF8E5CC52747B" bold="true" box="[151,284,1869,1893]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF835D04FEC9F8E5CF52747A" box="[292,540,1869,1892]" class="Enopla" family="Dinonemertidae" genus="Dinonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="shinkaii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF835D04FEC9F8E5CF52747A" box="[292,540,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Dinonemertes shinkaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B900834AFF835D04FDCEF8E5CF35747B" bold="true" box="[547,635,1869,1893]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2333E31FF835D04FDCEF8E5CF35747B" box="[547,635,1869,1893]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype, JAMSTEC 6K549SS4. 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF835D04FC10F8E5C959747B" bold="true" box="[1021,1047,1869,1893]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">A.</emphasis>
Living specimen taken 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF835D04FACCF8E5C828747A" box="[1313,1382,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">in situ</emphasis>
by a video camera on the manned submersible 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF835D04FDBBF8C5CFAF749A" box="[598,737,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF835D04FDBBF8C5CFE8749A" box="[598,678,1901,1924]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Shinkai" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Shinkai</taxonomicName>
6500
</emphasis>
at a depth of 2343 m; head to the right. 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF835D04FB66F8C5C9ED749B" bold="true" box="[1163,1187,1901,1925]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">B.</emphasis>
Living specimen taken on board the 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF835D04FECFF825CCF074BA" box="[290,446,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">R. V. Yokosuka</emphasis>
showing the general shape and the coloration, ventral view; head to the right. 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF835D04FB12F825C85774BB" bold="true" box="[1279,1305,1933,1957]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">C.</emphasis>
Head of the living specimen, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF835D04FE38F805CCA174DB" bold="true" box="[469,495,1965,1989]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">D.</emphasis>
Preserved specimen, dorsal view; head to the right.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0B0FD0FF805D07FF7AF8BACD9C74F4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293309/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[240,1350,194,1783]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BCB5F58FF805D07FF7AF8BACD9C74F4" blockId="2.[151,1437,1810,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF805D07FF7AF8BACC547434" bold="true" box="[151,282,1810,1834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF805D07FECFF8BBCF5B7434" box="[290,533,1811,1834]" class="Enopla" family="Dinonemertidae" genus="Dinonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="shinkaii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF805D07FECFF8BBCF5B7434" box="[290,533,1811,1834]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Dinonemertes shinkaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B900834AFF805D07FDF1F8BACF3D7434" bold="true" box="[540,627,1810,1834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2333E31FF805D07FDF1F8BACF3D7434" box="[540,627,1810,1834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype, JAMSTEC 6K549SS4, transverse sections. 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF805D07FB2BF8BAC9AE7434" bold="true" box="[1222,1248,1810,1834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">A.</emphasis>
Body wall in the anterior intestinal region, showing the rudimentary development of the body-wall musculature on the lateral sides (arrowhead); the epidermis is largely exfoliated. 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF805D07FD58F8FACF807474" bold="true" box="[693,718,1874,1898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">B.</emphasis>
Rhynchodaeum surrounded by circular muscles (arrowhead). 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF805D07FA6FF8FAC8D37474" bold="true" box="[1410,1437,1874,1898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">C.</emphasis>
Dorsal surface in the posterior region of the body to show the appearance of the epidermis. 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF805D07FB40F8DAC9877494" bold="true" box="[1197,1225,1906,1930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">D.</emphasis>
Rhynchocoel wall comprised of outer circular, middle longitudinal, and inner circular muscle layers; pseudostriated muscle fibre in the outer circular layer is indicated by an arrowhead. 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF805D07FD48F81ACFF374D4" bold="true" box="[677,701,1970,1994]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">E.</emphasis>
Pseudostriated muscle fibre in the rhynchocoel inner circular muscle layer.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0B0FD0FF815D06FF7AFBCDC92777E2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293310/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[188,1398,194,1103]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BCB5F58FF815D06FF7AFBCDC92777E2" blockId="3.[151,1437,1125,1276]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF815D06FF7AFBCDCC577763" bold="true" box="[151,281,1125,1149]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF815D06FECDFBCDCF5F7762" box="[288,529,1125,1148]" class="Enopla" family="Dinonemertidae" genus="Dinonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="shinkaii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF815D06FECDFBCDCF5F7762" box="[288,529,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Dinonemertes shinkaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B900834AFF815D06FDF5FBCDCF237763" bold="true" box="[536,621,1125,1149]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2333E31FF815D06FDF5FBCDCF237763" box="[536,621,1125,1149]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype, JAMSTEC 6K549SS4, transverse sections. 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF815D06FB57FBCDC99D7763" bold="true" box="[1210,1235,1125,1149]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">A.</emphasis>
Proboscis anterior chamber with everted (exterior) and inverted (interior) states; the 24 nerves in the everted proboscis are indicated by arrowheads. 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF815D06FEC8FB0DCC7177A3" bold="true" box="[293,319,1189,1213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">B.</emphasis>
Proboscis anterior chamber in inverted state; arrowhead shows a “ganglion” between the proboscis nerves. 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF815D06FF07FB6DCC4D77C3" bold="true" box="[234,259,1221,1245]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">C.</emphasis>
Anterior portion of the proboscis posterior chamber; arrowheads indicating the proboscis nerves. 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF815D06FAF6FB6DC87B77C3" bold="true" box="[1307,1333,1221,1245]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">D.</emphasis>
Posterior portion of the proboscis posterior chamber; arrowheads indicate the incomplete nerve layer.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36E0CD3FF815D06FF2BFA80CFAB7572" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCB5F58FF815D06FF2BFA80CFAB7572" blockId="3.[151,1437,1320,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF815D06FF2BFA80CC08765C" bold="true" box="[198,326,1320,1346]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body translucent, broad and flat; tail fin indistinct; tentacles absent; mouth and rhynchodaeum separate; lateral body wall muscles rudimentary; lateral nerve cords close to the body wall, without lateral nerve cord muscles; mid-dorsal blood vessel reaching posterior end of body, entering rhynchocoel; cephalic blood vessel present; rhynchocoel half the body length, with wall comprised of outer circular, middle longitudinal, and inner circular muscle layers; proboscis with 24 nerves; caecal diverticula 2 pairs; about 25 pairs of intestinal diverticula, widely separated by parenchyma, slightly lobed; ventral branch of intestinal diverticula absent; dorsal intestinal diverticula do not meet above rhynchocoel; intestinal diverticula extend laterally beyond nerve cords; anterior intestinal caecal diverticula do not reach brain; arrangement of testes unknown; sex separate; band-shape organs absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E0CD3FF815D03FF2BF9D0CC3B728C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCB5F58FF815D06FF2BF9D0C9F7746C" blockId="3.[151,1437,1320,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF815D06FF2BF9D0CC10758C" bold="true" box="[198,350,1656,1682]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B900834AFF815D06FE8BF9D0CF7E758F" box="[358,560,1656,1681]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">External features</emphasis>
. The body is broad and flattened (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF815D06FC2AF9D0C947758C" box="[967,1033,1656,1682]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,257,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,759,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[188,1398,759,1844]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4. A. Living specimen taken in situ by a video camera on the manned submersible Shinkai 6500 at a depth of 2343 m; head to the right. B. Living specimen taken on board the R. V. Yokosuka showing the general shape and the coloration, ventral view; head to the right. C. Head of the living specimen, dorsal view. D. Preserved specimen, dorsal view; head to the right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293308/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A). In life, the body is translucent and the internal organs are visible; the brain is pale orange; the stomach, proboscis, lateral nerve cords, and ovaries are white; and the intestine is reddish (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF815D06FD2EF96ACE4675C2" box="[707,776,1730,1756]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,257,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,759,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[188,1398,759,1844]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4. A. Living specimen taken in situ by a video camera on the manned submersible Shinkai 6500 at a depth of 2343 m; head to the right. B. Living specimen taken on board the R. V. Yokosuka showing the general shape and the coloration, ventral view; head to the right. C. Head of the living specimen, dorsal view. D. Preserved specimen, dorsal view; head to the right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293308/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
B). On board the 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF815D06FC31F96BC9C575C2" box="[988,1163,1731,1756]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">R. V. Yokosuka</emphasis>
the anterior end of the body around the mouth is somewhat protuberated (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF815D06FD03F940CE7E741C" box="[750,816,1768,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,257,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,759,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[188,1398,759,1844]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4. A. Living specimen taken in situ by a video camera on the manned submersible Shinkai 6500 at a depth of 2343 m; head to the right. B. Living specimen taken on board the R. V. Yokosuka showing the general shape and the coloration, ventral view; head to the right. C. Head of the living specimen, dorsal view. D. Preserved specimen, dorsal view; head to the right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293308/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C), while it is not in the natural shape (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF815D06FB10F940C871741C" box="[1277,1343,1768,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,257,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,759,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[188,1398,759,1844]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4. A. Living specimen taken in situ by a video camera on the manned submersible Shinkai 6500 at a depth of 2343 m; head to the right. B. Living specimen taken on board the R. V. Yokosuka showing the general shape and the coloration, ventral view; head to the right. C. Head of the living specimen, dorsal view. D. Preserved specimen, dorsal view; head to the right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293308/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A); this might be caused by the distortion of the anterior alimentary canal as a result of the pressure change. The tail is broad, without a distinct fin. After fixation, the intestine became pale orange; the preserved specimen measured 3.3 cm in length, 1.0 cm in maximum width, and 6.0 mm in thickness (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF815D06FBA3F8F0C9DE746C" box="[1102,1168,1880,1906]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,257,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,759,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[188,1398,759,1844]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4. A. Living specimen taken in situ by a video camera on the manned submersible Shinkai 6500 at a depth of 2343 m; head to the right. B. Living specimen taken on board the R. V. Yokosuka showing the general shape and the coloration, ventral view; head to the right. C. Head of the living specimen, dorsal view. D. Preserved specimen, dorsal view; head to the right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293308/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB5F58FF815D01FF2BF8D5C87C7272" blockId="3.[151,1437,1320,2018]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,152,1970]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF815D06FF2BF8D5CFFA7488" box="[198,692,1917,1942]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Body wall, musculature, and parenchyma.</emphasis>
The epidermis was almost completely lost before fixation (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF815D06FA81F8D5CDE874A2" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[240,1350,194,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[240,1350,194,1784]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Body wall in the anterior intestinal region, showing the rudimentary development of the body-wall musculature on the lateral sides (arrowhead); the epidermis is largely exfoliated. B. Rhynchodaeum surrounded by circular muscles (arrowhead). C. Dorsal surface in the posterior region of the body to show the appearance of the epidermis. D. Rhynchocoel wall comprised of outer circular, middle longitudinal, and inner circular muscle layers; pseudostriated muscle fibre in the outer circular layer is indicated by an arrowhead. E. Pseudostriated muscle fibre in the rhynchocoel inner circular muscle layer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293309/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A) except for small areas on the extreme anterior tip of the head (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF815D06FC5EF80ACEB574A2" box="[947,1019,1954,1980]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[240,1350,194,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[240,1350,194,1784]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Body wall in the anterior intestinal region, showing the rudimentary development of the body-wall musculature on the lateral sides (arrowhead); the epidermis is largely exfoliated. B. Rhynchodaeum surrounded by circular muscles (arrowhead). C. Dorsal surface in the posterior region of the body to show the appearance of the epidermis. D. Rhynchocoel wall comprised of outer circular, middle longitudinal, and inner circular muscle layers; pseudostriated muscle fibre in the outer circular layer is indicated by an arrowhead. E. Pseudostriated muscle fibre in the rhynchocoel inner circular muscle layer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293309/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B), and on the dorsal surface in the posterior region of the body (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF815D06FDE6F860CF1974FC" box="[523,599,1992,2018]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[240,1350,194,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[240,1350,194,1784]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Body wall in the anterior intestinal region, showing the rudimentary development of the body-wall musculature on the lateral sides (arrowhead); the epidermis is largely exfoliated. B. Rhynchodaeum surrounded by circular muscles (arrowhead). C. Dorsal surface in the posterior region of the body to show the appearance of the epidermis. D. Rhynchocoel wall comprised of outer circular, middle longitudinal, and inner circular muscle layers; pseudostriated muscle fibre in the outer circular layer is indicated by an arrowhead. E. Pseudostriated muscle fibre in the rhynchocoel inner circular muscle layer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293309/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C). The connective tissue basement membrane has a deep cup-like structure (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF865D01FEE0FF30CC1D73AC" box="[269,339,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[240,1350,194,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[240,1350,194,1784]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Body wall in the anterior intestinal region, showing the rudimentary development of the body-wall musculature on the lateral sides (arrowhead); the epidermis is largely exfoliated. B. Rhynchodaeum surrounded by circular muscles (arrowhead). C. Dorsal surface in the posterior region of the body to show the appearance of the epidermis. D. Rhynchocoel wall comprised of outer circular, middle longitudinal, and inner circular muscle layers; pseudostriated muscle fibre in the outer circular layer is indicated by an arrowhead. E. Pseudostriated muscle fibre in the rhynchocoel inner circular muscle layer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293309/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C). The body-wall musculature consists of outer circular and inner longitudinal muscle layers, up to 10 and 30 µm thick, respectively; these are rudimentarily developed on the lateral sides of the body (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF865D01FA81FF15CDE973E2" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[240,1350,194,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[240,1350,194,1784]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Body wall in the anterior intestinal region, showing the rudimentary development of the body-wall musculature on the lateral sides (arrowhead); the epidermis is largely exfoliated. B. Rhynchodaeum surrounded by circular muscles (arrowhead). C. Dorsal surface in the posterior region of the body to show the appearance of the epidermis. D. Rhynchocoel wall comprised of outer circular, middle longitudinal, and inner circular muscle layers; pseudostriated muscle fibre in the outer circular layer is indicated by an arrowhead. E. Pseudostriated muscle fibre in the rhynchocoel inner circular muscle layer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293309/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A). The presence/absence of the diagonal muscle layer was not ascertained in cross sections. Dorsoventral muscles are not strongly developed (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF865D01FDAAFEA0CFC0723C" box="[583,654,264,290]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[240,1350,194,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[240,1350,194,1784]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Body wall in the anterior intestinal region, showing the rudimentary development of the body-wall musculature on the lateral sides (arrowhead); the epidermis is largely exfoliated. B. Rhynchodaeum surrounded by circular muscles (arrowhead). C. Dorsal surface in the posterior region of the body to show the appearance of the epidermis. D. Rhynchocoel wall comprised of outer circular, middle longitudinal, and inner circular muscle layers; pseudostriated muscle fibre in the outer circular layer is indicated by an arrowhead. E. Pseudostriated muscle fibre in the rhynchocoel inner circular muscle layer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293309/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A), each containing up to five, smooth muscle fibres; dorsoventral muscles are found throughout the body, running in the parenchyma beside the rhynchocoel, alimentary canal, lateral nerves, and gonads. The parenchyma is extensively developed throughout the body (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF865D01FB2BFEFAC8437272" box="[1222,1293,338,364]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[240,1350,194,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[240,1350,194,1784]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Body wall in the anterior intestinal region, showing the rudimentary development of the body-wall musculature on the lateral sides (arrowhead); the epidermis is largely exfoliated. B. Rhynchodaeum surrounded by circular muscles (arrowhead). C. Dorsal surface in the posterior region of the body to show the appearance of the epidermis. D. Rhynchocoel wall comprised of outer circular, middle longitudinal, and inner circular muscle layers; pseudostriated muscle fibre in the outer circular layer is indicated by an arrowhead. E. Pseudostriated muscle fibre in the rhynchocoel inner circular muscle layer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293309/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB5F58FF865D01FF2BFED0CE6972C2" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF865D01FF2BFED0CC8D728F" box="[198,451,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Proboscis apparatus.</emphasis>
The rhynchodaeal opening, separated from the mouth, is situated at the tip of the head. The rhynchodaeum is encircled with circular muscle layer just in front of the proboscis insertion (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF865D01FA81FE35CDE972C2" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[240,1350,194,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[240,1350,194,1784]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Body wall in the anterior intestinal region, showing the rudimentary development of the body-wall musculature on the lateral sides (arrowhead); the epidermis is largely exfoliated. B. Rhynchodaeum surrounded by circular muscles (arrowhead). C. Dorsal surface in the posterior region of the body to show the appearance of the epidermis. D. Rhynchocoel wall comprised of outer circular, middle longitudinal, and inner circular muscle layers; pseudostriated muscle fibre in the outer circular layer is indicated by an arrowhead. E. Pseudostriated muscle fibre in the rhynchocoel inner circular muscle layer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293309/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B), which is situated immediately anterior to the brain.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB5F58FF865D01FF2BFE40CED171FC" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
The rhynchocoel extends to half the body length. In the brain region, the rhynchocoel wall is composed of an outer longitudinal and inner circular muscle layers, 100 µm and 25 µm in thickness, respectively; these layers are partially interlaced. Further backward, an outer circular muscle layer emerges so that the rhynchocoel wall consists of three (thin outer circular, middle longitudinal, and thick inner circular) muscle layers (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF865D01FF02FDD5CC797189" box="[239,311,637,663]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[240,1350,194,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[240,1350,194,1784]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Body wall in the anterior intestinal region, showing the rudimentary development of the body-wall musculature on the lateral sides (arrowhead); the epidermis is largely exfoliated. B. Rhynchodaeum surrounded by circular muscles (arrowhead). C. Dorsal surface in the posterior region of the body to show the appearance of the epidermis. D. Rhynchocoel wall comprised of outer circular, middle longitudinal, and inner circular muscle layers; pseudostriated muscle fibre in the outer circular layer is indicated by an arrowhead. E. Pseudostriated muscle fibre in the rhynchocoel inner circular muscle layer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293309/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D); in the foregut region, the outer circular muscle layer reaches up to 20 µm in thickness, the middle longitudinal layer 30 µm, and the inner circular layer 90 µm. At least fibres in the inner and outer circular muscle layers of the rhynchocoel are striated (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF865D01FCF9FD60CE1771FC" box="[788,857,712,738]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[240,1350,194,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[240,1350,194,1784]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Body wall in the anterior intestinal region, showing the rudimentary development of the body-wall musculature on the lateral sides (arrowhead); the epidermis is largely exfoliated. B. Rhynchodaeum surrounded by circular muscles (arrowhead). C. Dorsal surface in the posterior region of the body to show the appearance of the epidermis. D. Rhynchocoel wall comprised of outer circular, middle longitudinal, and inner circular muscle layers; pseudostriated muscle fibre in the outer circular layer is indicated by an arrowhead. E. Pseudostriated muscle fibre in the rhynchocoel inner circular muscle layer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293309/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D, E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB5F58FF865D01FF2BFD45CEFC760C" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
The proboscis was everted during fixation (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF865D01FD2FFD45CE4D7019" box="[706,771,749,775]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,257,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,759,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[188,1398,759,1844]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4. A. Living specimen taken in situ by a video camera on the manned submersible Shinkai 6500 at a depth of 2343 m; head to the right. B. Living specimen taken on board the R. V. Yokosuka showing the general shape and the coloration, ventral view; head to the right. C. Head of the living specimen, dorsal view. D. Preserved specimen, dorsal view; head to the right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293308/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D). The proboscis insertion is situated just in front of the brain; contributions to the proboscis insertion from the body-wall musculature were unable to be ascertained. The anterior chamber consists of a glandular epithelium folded into distinct conical papillae, a thick outer circular muscle layer embedded in well developed connective tissue, a longitudinal muscle layer containing proboscis nerves, a thin inner circular muscle layer, and a delicate endothelium The proboscis nerves, 
<quantity id="4C8CF2BDFF865D01FAB2FC2AC8D27082" box="[1375,1436,898,924]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" unit="in" value="24.0">24 in</quantity>
number, are peripherally connected by nerve fibres (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF865D01FCFEFC00CE1270DC" box="[787,860,936,962]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1125,1149]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,194,1103]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,194,1103]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Proboscis anterior chamber with everted (exterior) and inverted (interior) states; the 24 nerves in the everted proboscis are indicated by arrowheads. B. Proboscis anterior chamber in inverted state; arrowhead shows a “ ganglion ” between the proboscis nerves. C. Anterior portion of the proboscis posterior chamber; arrowheads indicating the proboscis nerves. D. Posterior portion of the proboscis posterior chamber; arrowheads indicate the incomplete nerve layer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293310/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A); the connections often contain nerve cells to form tiny ganglia, which occasionally innervate the outer circular muscle layer (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF865D01FBA0FC65C9DA70F9" box="[1101,1172,973,999]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1125,1149]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,194,1103]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,194,1103]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Proboscis anterior chamber with everted (exterior) and inverted (interior) states; the 24 nerves in the everted proboscis are indicated by arrowheads. B. Proboscis anterior chamber in inverted state; arrowhead shows a “ ganglion ” between the proboscis nerves. C. Anterior portion of the proboscis posterior chamber; arrowheads indicating the proboscis nerves. D. Posterior portion of the proboscis posterior chamber; arrowheads indicate the incomplete nerve layer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293310/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B). In everted portion, the connective tissue layer containing the outer circular muscles attains 80 µm in thickness, the outer portion of the longitudinal muscle layer 50 µm, the peripheral nervous layer 30 µm, the inner portion of the longitudinal muscle layer 60 µm, and the inner circular muscle layer 20 µm. Detailed morphology of the middle chamber was difficult to reconstruct from the serial sections. The posterior chamber consists of a glandular epithelium containing acidophilic granules, a nervous layer, a longitudinal muscle layer, an outer circular muscle layer, and an endothelium (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF865D01FD7DFB05CF9877D9" box="[656,726,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1125,1149]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,194,1103]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,194,1103]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Proboscis anterior chamber with everted (exterior) and inverted (interior) states; the 24 nerves in the everted proboscis are indicated by arrowheads. B. Proboscis anterior chamber in inverted state; arrowhead shows a “ ganglion ” between the proboscis nerves. C. Anterior portion of the proboscis posterior chamber; arrowheads indicating the proboscis nerves. D. Posterior portion of the proboscis posterior chamber; arrowheads indicate the incomplete nerve layer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293310/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C). Anteriorly, the nerves in the posterior proboscis chamber are clumped into 24 nodes (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF865D01FE03FB7ACF7977F2" box="[494,567,1234,1260]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1125,1149]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,194,1103]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,194,1103]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Proboscis anterior chamber with everted (exterior) and inverted (interior) states; the 24 nerves in the everted proboscis are indicated by arrowheads. B. Proboscis anterior chamber in inverted state; arrowhead shows a “ ganglion ” between the proboscis nerves. C. Anterior portion of the proboscis posterior chamber; arrowheads indicating the proboscis nerves. D. Posterior portion of the proboscis posterior chamber; arrowheads indicate the incomplete nerve layer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293310/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C), but these become scattered posteriorly to form a rudimentary layer between the longitudinal muscle layer and the epithelium (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF865D01FCABFB50CEC2760C" box="[838,908,1272,1298]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1125,1149]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,194,1103]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,194,1103]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Proboscis anterior chamber with everted (exterior) and inverted (interior) states; the 24 nerves in the everted proboscis are indicated by arrowheads. B. Proboscis anterior chamber in inverted state; arrowhead shows a “ ganglion ” between the proboscis nerves. C. Anterior portion of the proboscis posterior chamber; arrowheads indicating the proboscis nerves. D. Posterior portion of the proboscis posterior chamber; arrowheads indicate the incomplete nerve layer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293310/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB5F58FF865D01FF2BFAB5C84675B2" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF865D01FF2BFAB5CCE87628" box="[198,422,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Alimentary system.</emphasis>
The stomach was everted during fixation; as a consequence, the mouth, together with its periphery, was detached from the body (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF865D01FD75FAEACF957642" box="[664,731,1346,1372]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,257,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,759,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[188,1398,759,1844]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4. A. Living specimen taken in situ by a video camera on the manned submersible Shinkai 6500 at a depth of 2343 m; head to the right. B. Living specimen taken on board the R. V. Yokosuka showing the general shape and the coloration, ventral view; head to the right. C. Head of the living specimen, dorsal view. D. Preserved specimen, dorsal view; head to the right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293308/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D); therefore, the morphology of the anterior portion of the alimentary system including the oesophagus is unknown. The stomach wall contains basophilic gland cells (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF865D01FF4DFA25CDA276B9" box="[160,236,1421,1447]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,257,1229,1253]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,197,1203]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,197,1204]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Brain region, showing dorsal cephalic vascular anastomosis (arrowhead). B. Pylorus opening to the dorsal wall of the intestinal caecum. C. Intestinal lateral diverticulum. D. Caudal vessel above anal opening." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/294256/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A); posteriorly, the wall reduces in thickness and the number of basophilic cells decreases, as the stomach leads to the pylorus that opens to the dorsal wall of the intestinal caecum (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF865D01FB76FA1AC9A976D2" box="[1179,1255,1458,1484]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,257,1229,1253]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,197,1203]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,197,1204]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Brain region, showing dorsal cephalic vascular anastomosis (arrowhead). B. Pylorus opening to the dorsal wall of the intestinal caecum. C. Intestinal lateral diverticulum. D. Caudal vessel above anal opening." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/294256/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B). Spranchnic muscles around foregut wall not found. The intestinal caecum, about 
<quantity id="4C8CF2BDFF865D01FC22FA70C95A76EC" box="[975,1044,1496,1522]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in length, possesses two pairs of lateral pouches (three pairs, if the ones that arise from the pylorus-intestine junction are counted); the intestinal caecum and its lateral pouches do not reach the brain. The intestinal lateral diverticula are simple, occasionally only slightly lobed, 25 pairs in number, more or less densely packed, and without ventral branches; the dorsal intestinal diverticula do not meet above the rhynchocoel, extending laterally beyond the lateral nerve cords (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF865D01FE92F93ACC8875B2" box="[383,454,1682,1708]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,257,1229,1253]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,197,1203]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,197,1204]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Brain region, showing dorsal cephalic vascular anastomosis (arrowhead). B. Pylorus opening to the dorsal wall of the intestinal caecum. C. Intestinal lateral diverticulum. D. Caudal vessel above anal opening." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/294256/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
C). The anus opens ventrally at the posterior end of the body (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF865D01FB71F93AC9AC75B2" box="[1180,1250,1682,1708]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,257,1229,1253]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,197,1203]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,197,1204]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Brain region, showing dorsal cephalic vascular anastomosis (arrowhead). B. Pylorus opening to the dorsal wall of the intestinal caecum. C. Intestinal lateral diverticulum. D. Caudal vessel above anal opening." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/294256/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB5F58FF865D01FF2BF910C83C74AC" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF865D01FF2BF910CC2475CF" box="[198,362,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Blood system.</emphasis>
A pair of cephalic vessels meet each other above the rhynchodaeum (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF865D01FB4DF910C9A975CC" box="[1184,1255,1720,1746]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,257,1229,1253]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,197,1203]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,197,1204]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Brain region, showing dorsal cephalic vascular anastomosis (arrowhead). B. Pylorus opening to the dorsal wall of the intestinal caecum. C. Intestinal lateral diverticulum. D. Caudal vessel above anal opening." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/294256/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A). The vessels lead backward to anastomose below the rhynchocoel just behind the ventral cerebral commissure, then trifurcate to lead to a pair of lateral vessels and a mid-dorsal vessel. Soon after its origin, the mid-dorsal vessel enters the ventral wall of the rhynchocoel for about 1.2 mm in the antero-posterial direction to form a distinct vascular plug (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF865D01FEA4F8E5CCDF7479" box="[329,401,1869,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1393,1417]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,458,1367]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1398,458,1367]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Vascular plug in the stomach region. B. Mid-dorsal vessel and a pair of lateral vessels before merging posteriorly to form a caudal vessel above the intestine. C. Caudal vessel; the two lateral nerves are about to merge above the intestine. D. Oocytes linearly arrayed in the ovary; nurse cells surrounding the oocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293312/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A). Near the caudal end (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF865D01FD2CF8E5CE4C7479" box="[705,770,1869,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1393,1417]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,458,1367]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1398,458,1367]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Vascular plug in the stomach region. B. Mid-dorsal vessel and a pair of lateral vessels before merging posteriorly to form a caudal vessel above the intestine. C. Caudal vessel; the two lateral nerves are about to merge above the intestine. D. Oocytes linearly arrayed in the ovary; nurse cells surrounding the oocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293312/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig 5</figureCitation>
B), the lateral vessels merge with the mid-dorsal vessel anterior to the posterior nervous commissure; from the portion where the three vessels merge, a caudal vessel extends further posteriorly for about 90 µm (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF865D01FD4EF830CFA674AC" box="[675,744,1944,1970]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1393,1417]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,458,1367]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1398,458,1367]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Vascular plug in the stomach region. B. Mid-dorsal vessel and a pair of lateral vessels before merging posteriorly to form a caudal vessel above the intestine. C. Caudal vessel; the two lateral nerves are about to merge above the intestine. D. Oocytes linearly arrayed in the ovary; nurse cells surrounding the oocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293312/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C) before terminating blindly above the anus (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF865D01FAEBF830C80374AC" box="[1286,1357,1944,1970]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,257,1229,1253]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,197,1203]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,197,1204]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Brain region, showing dorsal cephalic vascular anastomosis (arrowhead). B. Pylorus opening to the dorsal wall of the intestinal caecum. C. Intestinal lateral diverticulum. D. Caudal vessel above anal opening." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/294256/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0B0FD0FF875D00FF7AFB65CEBE763B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/294256/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" targetBox="[188,1398,197,1203]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BCB5F58FF875D00FF7AFB65CEBE763B" blockId="5.[151,1437,1229,1318]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF875D00FF7AFB65CC5077FB" bold="true" box="[151,286,1229,1253]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF875D00FEC8FB66CF6E77FB" box="[293,544,1230,1253]" class="Enopla" family="Dinonemertidae" genus="Dinonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="shinkaii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF875D00FEC8FB66CF6E77FB" box="[293,544,1230,1253]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Dinonemertes shinkaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B900834AFF875D00FDCAFB65CFCF77FB" bold="true" box="[551,641,1229,1253]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2333E31FF875D00FDCAFB65CFCF77FB" box="[551,641,1229,1253]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype, JAMSTEC 6K549SS4, transverse sections. 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF875D00FB0AFB65C84F77FB" bold="true" box="[1255,1281,1229,1253]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">A.</emphasis>
Brain region, showing dorsal cephalic vascular anastomosis (arrowhead). 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF875D00FCD0FB46CE197618" bold="true" box="[829,855,1262,1286]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">B.</emphasis>
Pylorus opening to the dorsal wall of the intestinal caecum. 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF875D00FF18FAA6CC417638" bold="true" box="[245,271,1294,1318]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">C.</emphasis>
Intestinal lateral diverticulum. 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF875D00FDB2FAA6CF367638" bold="true" box="[607,632,1294,1318]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">D.</emphasis>
Caudal vessel above anal opening.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCB5F58FF875D00FF2BFAE7CC9376E0" blockId="5.[151,1437,1358,2019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF875D00FF2BFAE7CCCB7676" box="[198,389,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Nervous system.</emphasis>
The brain has outer neurilemma, but no inner neurilemma, without neurochord cells; the dorsal commissure is 70 µm in thickness, the ventral 130 µm. The lateral nerve chords are situated near the body wall, without accessory neuropils or lateral nerve cord muscles; myofibrils are not found. A mid-dorsal nerve extends backward in the body-wall basement membrane from the pyloric region; its anterior end could not be traced with certainty.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB5F58FF875D00FF2BF9A1CCB6753D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1358,2019]" box="[198,504,1545,1571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF875D00FF2BF9A1CCD8753C" box="[198,406,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Excretory system.</emphasis>
Absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB5F58FF875D00FF2BF987CDAD7570" blockId="5.[151,1437,1358,2019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF875D00FF2BF987CCCB7556" box="[198,389,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Sensory system.</emphasis>
No apical organ, cerebral organ, band-shaped organs, eyes, or cephalic glands were found.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB5F58FF875D00FF2BF9D1C9B0758D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1358,2019]" box="[198,1278,1657,1683]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF875D00FF2BF9D1CCD3758C" box="[198,413,1657,1682]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Glandular system.</emphasis>
Neither cephalic glands, nor postero-lateral glandular organs were found.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB5F58FF875D00FF2BF937CCE8746D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1358,2019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF875D00FF2BF937CCF075A6" box="[198,446,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Reproductive system.</emphasis>
The single specimen is female. About 20 ovaries are antero-posteriorly arranged in a row on each side, alternating with the intestinal lateral diverticula, distributed from the pyloric region to the posterior 2/3 of the body. Each ovary is tubular in structure, curved above the lateral nerve cord. No open gonopore was observed. In each ovary, up to 6 oocytes with about 300 µm in maximum diameter are linearly arrayed; these were in a similar vitellogenic condition, surrounded by nurse cells (
<figureCitation id="134F43DDFF875D00FB59F89CC84F7450" box="[1204,1281,1844,1870]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1393,1417]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,458,1367]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1398,458,1367]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dinonemertes shinkaii sp. nov., holotype, JAMSTEC 6 K 549 SS 4, transverse sections. A. Vascular plug in the stomach region. B. Mid-dorsal vessel and a pair of lateral vessels before merging posteriorly to form a caudal vessel above the intestine. C. Caudal vessel; the two lateral nerves are about to merge above the intestine. D. Oocytes linearly arrayed in the ovary; nurse cells surrounding the oocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293312/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D). Gonadal musculature not found.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB5F58FF875D03FF2BF8D6CC3B728C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1358,2019]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,152,402]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF875D00FF2BF8D6CCF47486" bold="true" box="[198,442,1918,1944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Behaviour/Ecology.</emphasis>
Upon first observation the specimen appeared neutrally buoyant with its head up, anterior two-thirds of body vertical, and distal third of body slightly curved. It remained in this neutrally buoyant, stationary position for at least 2 minutes and 33 seconds, not reacting to the lights of the submersible, until it was stimulated into swimming by water movement caused by the proximity of the 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF845D03FB1EFF30C8DB73AF" box="[1267,1429,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF845D03FB1EFF30C80173AF" box="[1267,1359,152,177]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Shinkai" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Shinkai</taxonomicName>
6500
</emphasis>
. Swimming was accomplished by beating the posterior third of the body at a constant rate of approximately 1 Hz for one minute and 36 seconds until its collection. During swimming the specimen slowly rotated in an anticlockwise direction, therefore spiralling as it swam. No positive or negative phototaxis was observed. The only other plankton visible to the naked eye in close proximity was the chaetognath 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF845D03FB6EFE85C8157258" box="[1155,1371,301,326]" class="Sagittoidea" family="Eukrohniidae" genus="Eukrohnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phragmophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="fowleri">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF845D03FB6EFE85C8157258" box="[1155,1371,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Eukrohnia fowleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—the similar orange pigmentation and co-occurrence suggesting the possibility it may be a prey item of this nemertean species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF0B0FD0FF845D03FF7AFAD9CFB476F7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293312/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" targetBox="[188,1398,458,1367]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BCB5F58FF845D03FF7AFAD9CFB476F7" blockId="6.[151,1436,1393,1513]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF845D03FF7AFAD9CC557697" bold="true" box="[151,283,1393,1417]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF845D03FECFFADACF587697" box="[290,534,1394,1417]" class="Enopla" family="Dinonemertidae" genus="Dinonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="shinkaii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF845D03FECFFADACF587697" box="[290,534,1394,1417]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Dinonemertes shinkaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B900834AFF845D03FDF0FAD9CF3A7697" bold="true" box="[541,628,1393,1417]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2333E31FF845D03FDF0FAD9CF3A7697" box="[541,628,1393,1417]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype, JAMSTEC 6K549SS4, transverse sections. 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF845D03FB27FAD9C9AA7697" bold="true" box="[1226,1252,1393,1417]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">A.</emphasis>
Vascular plug in the stomach region. 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF845D03FE9DFA3ACCC676B4" bold="true" box="[368,392,1426,1450]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">B.</emphasis>
Mid-dorsal vessel and a pair of lateral vessels before merging posteriorly to form a caudal vessel above the intestine. 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF845D03FE83FA1ACCC676D4" bold="true" box="[366,392,1458,1482]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">C.</emphasis>
Caudal vessel; the two lateral nerves are about to merge above the intestine. 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF845D03FB27FA1AC9AA76D4" bold="true" box="[1226,1252,1458,1482]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">D.</emphasis>
Oocytes linearly arrayed in the ovary; nurse cells surrounding the oocytes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36E0CD3FF845D03FF2BF9BACEFF754C" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCB5F58FF845D03FF2BF9BACEFF754C" blockId="6.[151,1437,1554,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF845D03FF2BF9BACC1D7532" bold="true" box="[198,339,1554,1580]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF845D03FDA2F9BBCFE57532" box="[591,683,1555,1580]" class="Enopla" family="Dinonemertidae" genus="Dinonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="shinkaii">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF845D03FDA2F9BBCFE57532" box="[591,683,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">shinkaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a noun in genitive case, taken after the name of the manned submersible 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF845D03FEC1F990CC88754F" box="[300,454,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF845D03FEC1F990CCCA754F" box="[300,388,1592,1617]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Shinkai" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Shinkai</taxonomicName>
6500
</emphasis>
that collected the 
<typeStatus id="54CFE1FAFF845D03FD71F990CE4C754C" box="[668,770,1592,1618]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E0CD3FF845D02FF2BF9F5C8567019" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCB5F58FF845D02FF2BF9F5CE32723C" blockId="6.[151,1437,1554,2028]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1438,152,775]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF845D03FF2BF9F5CC717569" bold="true" box="[198,319,1629,1655]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Remarks.</emphasis>
The characteristics of the present specimen include a large, broad, and flat body; the mouth and the rhynchodaeum opening separately; rhynchocoel limited to 1/2 of the body, with a wall composed of inner circular, middle longitudinal, and outer circular muscle layers; and intestinal diverticula not distinctly branched. These features agree with the generic diagnosis given by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF845D03FC06F965C9F775F9" author="Coe" box="[1003,1209,1741,1767]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50" refString="Coe, W. R. (1954) Bathypelagic nemerteans of the Pacific Ocean. Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the University of California, 6, 225 - 286." type="journal article" year="1954">Coe (1954: 245)</bibRefCitation>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF845D03FB02F965CC047412" authority="Laidlaw, 1906" authorityName="Laidlaw" authorityYear="1906" class="Enopla" family="Dinonemertidae" genus="Dinonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF845D03FB02F965C8D275F8" box="[1263,1436,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Dinonemertes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF845D03FF7AF95ACC047412" author="Laidlaw" box="[151,330,1778,1804]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Laidlaw, F. F. (1906) On two new genera of deep-sea nemertines. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 17, 185 - 188." type="journal article" year="1906">Laidlaw, 1906</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Up to the present, four species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF845D03FD17F95BCEEB7412" box="[762,933,1779,1804]" class="Enopla" family="Dinonemertidae" genus="Dinonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF845D03FD17F95BCEEB7412" box="[762,933,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Dinonemertes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been described: 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF845D03FB55F95BCD91742C" authority="Joubin, 1906" authorityName="Joubin" authorityYear="1906" class="Enopla" family="Dinonemertidae" genus="Dinonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="alberti">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF845D03FB55F95BC87E7412" box="[1208,1328,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">D. alberti</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF845D03FAACF95ACD98742C" author="Joubin" pageId="6" pageNumber="50" refString="Joubin, L. (1906) Description des nemertiens bathypelagiques captures au cours des dernieres campagnes du Prince de Monaco (1898 - 1905). Bulletin du Musee Oceanographique de Monaco, 78, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1906">Joubin, 1906</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF845D03FF01F8B0CF03742C" authority="Korotkevich, 1977" authorityName="Korotkevich" authorityYear="1977" box="[236,589,1816,1842]" class="Enopla" family="Dinonemertidae" genus="Dinonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="arctica">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF845D03FF01F8B0CC2D742F" box="[236,355,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">D. arctica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF845D03FE86F8B0CF03742C" author="Korotkevich" box="[363,589,1816,1842]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Korotkevich, V. S. (1977) Pelagicheskie nemertinui arkticheskogo basseina. Issledovaniya Faunui Morei, 21, 126 - 139." type="journal article" year="1977">Korotkevich, 1977</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF845D03FDB7F8B0CEE8742C" authority="Joubin, 1906" authorityName="Joubin" authorityYear="1906" box="[602,934,1816,1842]" class="Enopla" family="Dinonemertidae" genus="Dinonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="grimaldii">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF845D03FDB7F8B0CFA3742F" box="[602,749,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">D. grimaldii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF845D03FD13F8B0CED3742C" author="Joubin" box="[766,925,1816,1842]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50" refString="Joubin, L. (1906) Description des nemertiens bathypelagiques captures au cours des dernieres campagnes du Prince de Monaco (1898 - 1905). Bulletin du Musee Oceanographique de Monaco, 78, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1906">Joubin, 1906</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF845D03FC0BF8B0C82C742C" authority="Laidlaw, 1906" authorityName="Laidlaw" authorityYear="1906" box="[998,1378,1816,1842]" class="Enopla" family="Dinonemertidae" genus="Dinonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="investigatoris">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF845D03FC0BF8B0C9E2742F" box="[998,1196,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">D. investigatoris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF845D03FB59F8B0C82C742C" author="Laidlaw" box="[1204,1378,1816,1842]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Laidlaw, F. F. (1906) On two new genera of deep-sea nemertines. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 17, 185 - 188." type="journal article" year="1906">Laidlaw, 1906</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The present new species 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF845D03FE63F895CFD37448" box="[398,669,1853,1878]" class="Enopla" family="Dinonemertidae" genus="Dinonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="shinkaii">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF845D03FE63F895CFD37448" box="[398,669,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Dinonemertes shinkaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from its congeners in having 24 proboscis nerves, two pairs of lateral pouches in the intestinal caecum, and 25 pairs of intestinal lateral diverticula, whereas 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF845D03FF10F820CC2174BF" box="[253,367,1928,1953]" class="Enopla" family="Dinonemertidae" genus="Dinonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="alberti">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF845D03FF10F820CC2174BF" box="[253,367,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">D. alberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses 28 proboscis nerves, two pairs of lateral pouches in the intestinal caecum, and 50 pairs of intestinal lateral diverticula (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF845D03FDA0F805CE6774D9" author="Brinkmann" box="[589,809,1965,1991]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50" refString="Brinkmann, A. (1917 b) Die pelagischen Nemertinen. Bergens Museums Skrifter, 3, 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1917" yearSuffix="b">Brinkmann 1917b</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF845D03FCD8F805C94074D9" author="Korotkevich" box="[821,1038,1965,1991]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50" refString="Korotkevich, V. S. (1955) Pelagicheskie nemertiny dal'nevostochnyx morei SSSR. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 58, 1 - 131. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1955">Korotkevich 1955</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF845D03FBF6F805C91474D9" author="Korotkevich" box="[1051,1114,1965,1991]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Korotkevich, V. S. (1977) Pelagicheskie nemertinui arkticheskogo basseina. Issledovaniya Faunui Morei, 21, 126 - 139." type="journal article" year="1977">1977</bibRefCitation>
); in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF845D03FB62F805C84874D8" box="[1167,1286,1965,1990]" class="Enopla" family="Dinonemertidae" genus="Dinonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="arctica">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF845D03FB62F805C84874D8" box="[1167,1286,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">D. arctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the number of proboscis nerves is 28–30, with 5–6 pairs of intestinal caecal lateral pouches and 40 pairs of intestinal lateral pouches (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF855D02FE8EFF30CF0473AC" author="Korotkevich" box="[355,586,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" refString="Korotkevich, V. S. (1977) Pelagicheskie nemertinui arkticheskogo basseina. Issledovaniya Faunui Morei, 21, 126 - 139." type="journal article" year="1977">Korotkevich 1977</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF855D02FD8CFF30CE7E73AF" box="[609,816,152,177]" class="Enopla" family="Dinonemertidae" genus="Dinonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="investigatoris">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF855D02FD8CFF30CE7E73AF" box="[609,816,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">D. investigatoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has more than 30 proboscis nerves, three pairs of intestinal caecal pouches, and 60–70 pairs of intestinal lateral diverticula (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF855D02FB89FF15C81B73C9" author="Brinkmann" box="[1124,1365,189,215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" refString="Brinkmann, A. (1917 b) Die pelagischen Nemertinen. Bergens Museums Skrifter, 3, 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1917" yearSuffix="b">Brinkmann 1917b</bibRefCitation>
). The morphology of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF855D02FEA3FF4ACCAE73E5" box="[334,480,226,251]" class="Enopla" family="Dinonemertidae" genus="Dinonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="grimaldii">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF855D02FEA3FF4ACCAE73E5" box="[334,480,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">D. grimaldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is poorly known, but the body of this species is orange-red in life (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF855D02FB15FF4AC8C073E2" author="Joubin" box="[1272,1422,226,252]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" refString="Joubin, L. (1906) Description des nemertiens bathypelagiques captures au cours des dernieres campagnes du Prince de Monaco (1898 - 1905). Bulletin du Musee Oceanographique de Monaco, 78, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1906">Joubin 1906</bibRefCitation>
), not transparent as in the other congeners, including 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF855D02FD18FEA0CE3B723F" box="[757,885,264,289]" class="Enopla" family="Dinonemertidae" genus="Dinonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="shinkaii">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF855D02FD18FEA0CE3B723F" box="[757,885,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">D. shinkaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB5F58FF855D02FF2BFE85C8567019" blockId="7.[151,1438,152,775]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
While the vast majority of nemerteans possess smooth muscle fibres, so far 17 species belonging to five families in Pelagica have been reported to possess pseudostriated muscle fibres. These are: in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF855D02FB1EFEFAC8D67272" box="[1267,1432,338,364]" class="Enopla" family="Armaueriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Nemertea" rank="family">Armaueriidae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF855D02FF7AFED0CFD2728C" authority="Korotkevich, 1955" authorityName="Korotkevich" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,668,376,402]" class="Enopla" family="Armaueriidae" genus="Neoarmaueria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF855D02FF7AFED0CCD5728F" box="[151,411,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Neoarmaueria crassa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF855D02FE41FED0CFDD728C" author="Korotkevich" box="[428,659,376,402]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" refString="Korotkevich, V. S. (1955) Pelagicheskie nemertiny dal'nevostochnyx morei SSSR. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 58, 1 - 131. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1955">Korotkevich, 1955</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF855D02FD44FED0C91C728C" authority="Korotkevich, 1955" authorityName="Korotkevich" authorityYear="1955" box="[681,1106,376,402]" class="Enopla" family="Armaueriidae" genus="Neoarmaueria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="tenuicauda">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF855D02FD44FED0CE1C728F" box="[681,850,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">N. tenuicauda</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF855D02FC8FFED0C907728C" author="Korotkevich" box="[866,1097,376,402]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" refString="Korotkevich, V. S. (1955) Pelagicheskie nemertiny dal'nevostochnyx morei SSSR. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 58, 1 - 131. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1955">Korotkevich, 1955</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF855D02FB7EFED0C8D2728F" box="[1171,1436,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Xenarmaueria acoeca</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF855D02FF72FE35CCCC72A9" author="Korotkevich" box="[159,386,413,439]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" refString="Korotkevich, V. S. (1955) Pelagicheskie nemertiny dal'nevostochnyx morei SSSR. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 58, 1 - 131. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1955">Korotkevich, 1955</bibRefCitation>
), reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF855D02FDCAFE35CE5D72A9" author="Korotkevich" box="[551,787,413,439]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" refString="Korotkevich, V. S. (1955) Pelagicheskie nemertiny dal'nevostochnyx morei SSSR. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 58, 1 - 131. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1955">Korotkevich (1955)</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF855D02FCBFFE35C86072A9" authority="Coe, 1926" authorityName="Coe" authorityYear="1926" box="[850,1326,413,439]" class="Enopla" family="Armaueriidae" genus="Proarmaueria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF855D02FCBFFE35CEB772A8" box="[850,1017,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Proarmaueria</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF855D02FBC5FE35C9DB72A8" box="[1064,1173,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">pellucida</emphasis>
(Coe, 1926)
</taxonomicName>
, reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF855D02FF50FE6ACF4F72C2" author="Norenburg" box="[189,513,450,476]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" refString="Norenburg, J. L. &amp; Roe, P. (1998) Observations on musculature in pelagic nemerteans and on pseudostriated muscle in nemerteans. Hydrobiologia, 365, 109 - 120." type="journal article" year="1998">Norenburg and Roe (1998)</bibRefCitation>
; in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF855D02FDC0FE6ACFB472C2" box="[557,762,450,476]" class="Enopla" family="Nectonemertidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Nemertea" rank="family">Nectonemertidae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF855D02FCEBFE6AC82B72C2" authority="Korotkevich, 1955" authorityName="Korotkevich" authorityYear="1955" box="[774,1381,450,476]" class="Enopla" family="Nectonemertidae" genus="Nectonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="acanthocephala">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF855D02FCEBFE6AC93572C5" box="[774,1147,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Nectonemertes acanthocephala</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF855D02FB6EFE6AC82B72C2" author="Korotkevich" box="[1155,1381,450,476]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" refString="Korotkevich, V. S. (1955) Pelagicheskie nemertiny dal'nevostochnyx morei SSSR. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 58, 1 - 131. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1955">Korotkevich, 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF855D02FF7AFE40CCAD711C" authority="Korotkevich, 1955" authorityName="Korotkevich" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,483,488,514]" class="Enopla" family="Nectonemertidae" genus="Nectonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF855D02FF7AFE40CDB1711F" box="[151,255,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">N. major</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF855D02FEE8FE40CCAD711C" author="Korotkevich" box="[261,483,488,514]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" refString="Korotkevich, V. S. (1955) Pelagicheskie nemertiny dal'nevostochnyx morei SSSR. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 58, 1 - 131. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1955">Korotkevich, 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF855D02FD91FE40CE28711C" author="Korotkevich" box="[636,870,488,514]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" refString="Korotkevich, V. S. (1955) Pelagicheskie nemertiny dal'nevostochnyx morei SSSR. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 58, 1 - 131. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1955">Korotkevich (1955)</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF855D02FC4EFE40C8D6711C" authority="Verrill, 1892" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1892" box="[931,1432,488,514]" class="Enopla" family="Nectonemertidae" genus="Nectonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF855D02FC4EFE40C91F711F" box="[931,1105,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Nectonemertes</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF855D02FB91FE40C9A8711F" box="[1148,1254,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">mirabilis</emphasis>
(Verrill, 1892)
</taxonomicName>
, reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF855D02FEC1FDA5CF357139" author="Norenburg" box="[300,635,525,551]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" refString="Norenburg, J. L. &amp; Roe, P. (1998) Observations on musculature in pelagic nemerteans and on pseudostriated muscle in nemerteans. Hydrobiologia, 365, 109 - 120." type="journal article" year="1998">Norenburg and Roe (1998)</bibRefCitation>
; in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF855D02FD44FDA5CEC97139" box="[681,903,525,551]" class="Enopla" family="Pelagonemertidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Nemertea" rank="family">Pelagonemertidae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF855D02FC78FDA5C8377139" authority="Coe, 1926" authorityName="Coe" authorityYear="1926" box="[917,1401,525,551]" class="Enopla" family="Pelagonemertidae" genus="Pelagonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="brinkmanni">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF855D02FC78FDA5C9A17138" box="[917,1263,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Pelagonemertes brinkmanni</emphasis>
Coe, 1926
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF855D02FA6BFDA5CC947152" authority="Korotkevich, 1955" authorityName="Korotkevich" authorityYear="1955" class="Enopla" family="Pelagonemertidae" genus="Pelagonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="excisa">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF855D02FA6BFDA5CDAB7155" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">P. excisa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF855D02FF00FD9ACC947152" author="Korotkevich" box="[237,474,562,588]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" refString="Korotkevich, V. S. (1955) Pelagicheskie nemertiny dal'nevostochnyx morei SSSR. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 58, 1 - 131. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1955">Korotkevich, 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF855D02FE0AFD9ACE3F7152" authority="Korotkevich, 1955" authorityName="Korotkevich" authorityYear="1955" box="[487,881,562,588]" class="Enopla" family="Pelagonemertidae" genus="Pelagonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="laticauda">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF855D02FE0AFD9ACF327155" box="[487,636,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">P. laticauda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF855D02FD68FD9ACE3F7152" author="Korotkevich" box="[645,881,562,588]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" refString="Korotkevich, V. S. (1955) Pelagicheskie nemertiny dal'nevostochnyx morei SSSR. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 58, 1 - 131. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1955">Korotkevich, 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF855D02FC93FD9AC84E7152" authority="Korotkevich, 1955" authorityName="Korotkevich" authorityYear="1955" box="[894,1280,562,588]" class="Enopla" family="Pelagonemertidae" genus="Pelagonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="oviporus">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF855D02FC93FD9AC9447155" box="[894,1034,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">P. oviporus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF855D02FBF9FD9AC84E7152" author="Korotkevich" box="[1044,1280,562,588]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" refString="Korotkevich, V. S. (1955) Pelagicheskie nemertiny dal'nevostochnyx morei SSSR. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 58, 1 - 131. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1955">Korotkevich, 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF855D02FF7AFDF0CCCD716C" author="Korotkevich" box="[151,387,600,626]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" refString="Korotkevich, V. S. (1955) Pelagicheskie nemertiny dal'nevostochnyx morei SSSR. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 58, 1 - 131. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1955">Korotkevich (1955)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF855D02FE7DFDF0CE1D716C" authority="Korotkevich, 1964" authorityName="Korotkevich" authorityYear="1964" box="[400,851,600,626]" class="Enopla" family="Pelagonemertidae" genus="Obnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="solida">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF855D02FE7DFDF0CF20716F" box="[400,622,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Obnemertes solida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF855D02FD9BFDF0CE1D716C" author="Korotkevich" box="[630,851,600,626]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" refString="Korotkevich, V. S. (1964) Pelagicheskie nemertiny antarkticheskikh i umerennykh vod Iuzhnogo polusharij. Issledovaniya Faunui Morei, 2, 132 - 167." type="journal article" year="1964">Korotkevich, 1964</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF855D02FC63FDF0C8D6716C" authority="Korotkevich, 1964" authorityName="Korotkevich" authorityYear="1964" box="[910,1432,600,626]" class="Enopla" family="Pelagonemertidae" genus="Pelagonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="parvula">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF855D02FC63FDF0C9E0716F" box="[910,1198,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Pelagonemertes parvula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF855D02FB5AFDF0C8D6716C" author="Korotkevich" box="[1207,1432,600,626]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" refString="Korotkevich, V. S. (1964) Pelagicheskie nemertiny antarkticheskikh i umerennykh vod Iuzhnogo polusharij. Issledovaniya Faunui Morei, 2, 132 - 167." type="journal article" year="1964">Korotkevich, 1964</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF855D02FECAFDD5CF587189" author="Korotkevich" box="[295,534,637,663]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" refString="Korotkevich, V. S. (1964) Pelagicheskie nemertiny antarkticheskikh i umerennykh vod Iuzhnogo polusharij. Issledovaniya Faunui Morei, 2, 132 - 167." type="journal article" year="1964">Korotkevich (1964)</bibRefCitation>
; in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF855D02FDAFFDD5CE6D7189" box="[578,803,637,663]" class="Enopla" family="Planktonemertidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Nemertea" rank="family">Planktonemertidae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF855D02FCC2FDD5C82B7189" authority="Brinkmann, 1917" authorityName="Brinkmann" authorityYear="1917" box="[815,1381,637,663]" class="Enopla" family="Planktonemertidae" genus="Crassonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF855D02FCC2FDD5CEA37188" box="[815,1005,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Crassonemertes</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B900834AFF855D02FBF0FDD5C9387188" box="[1053,1142,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">robusta</emphasis>
(Brinkmann, 1917)
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF855D02FF7AFD0ACC2071A5" box="[151,366,674,699]" class="Enopla" family="Planktonemertidae" genus="Crassonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF855D02FF7AFD0ACC2071A5" box="[151,366,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Crassonemertes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF855D02FDB7FD0ACE8871A2" author="Norenburg" box="[602,966,674,700]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" refString="Norenburg, J. L. &amp; Roe, P. (1998) Observations on musculature in pelagic nemerteans and on pseudostriated muscle in nemerteans. Hydrobiologia, 365, 109 - 120." type="journal article" year="1998">Norenburg and Roe (1998)</bibRefCitation>
; and two undetermined species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF855D02FF7AFD60CC8871FC" box="[151,454,712,738]" class="Enopla" family="Protopelagonemertidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Nemertea" rank="family">Protopelagonemertidae</taxonomicName>
reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE522A9FF855D02FD82FD60CE9B71FC" author="Norenburg" box="[623,981,712,738]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" refString="Norenburg, J. L. &amp; Roe, P. (1998) Observations on musculature in pelagic nemerteans and on pseudostriated muscle in nemerteans. Hydrobiologia, 365, 109 - 120." type="journal article" year="1998">Norenburg and Roe (1998)</bibRefCitation>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF855D02FC09FD60C84271FF" box="[996,1292,712,737]" class="Enopla" family="Dinonemertidae" genus="Dinonemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="shinkaii">
<emphasis id="B900834AFF855D02FC09FD60C84271FF" box="[996,1292,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Dinonemertes shinkaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the first representative of the family 
<taxonomicName id="4C7424DBFF855D02FE0CFD45CFD07019" box="[481,670,749,775]" class="Enopla" family="Dinonemertidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Nemertea" rank="family">Dinonemertidae</taxonomicName>
to be confirmed to have pseudostriated muscle fibres.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>