treatments-xml/data/03/D6/2C/03D62C6B771CFFB84EF95EAEFD98AB36.xml
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<mods:title id="3D649E3262AD9DE7F029FF03A48859EE">An annotated and illustrated checklist of the porcelain crabs of Panama (Decapoda: Anomura)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7FE6FE771CFFB84EF95EAEFDECAEC2" ID-CoL="2334c207-2313-42de-9915-35996ab66a46" authority="Lockington, 1878" authorityName="Lockington" authorityYear="1878" box="[151,579,151,178]" class="Malacostraca" family="Porcellanidae" genus="Polyonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">
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<emphasis id="B90B416F771CFFB84EF95EAEFECDAEC1" bold="true" box="[151,354,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Polyonyx nitidus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEE08C771CFFB84F075EAEFDECAEC2" author="Lockington, W. N." box="[361,579,151,177]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="394 - 406" refId="ref74323" refString="Lockington, W. N. (1878) Remarks upon the Porcellanidea of the west coast of North America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Serie 5, 2, 394 - 406. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937808682444" type="journal article" year="1878">Lockington, 1878</bibRefCitation>
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(
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,
<figureCitation id="134481F8771CFFB84F675E82FE89AEA6" box="[265,294,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="129.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[179,1407,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-19@129.[179,1407,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="129" captionText="FIGURE 81. Polyonyx nitidus Lockington, 1878: A, male (cl 7.5 mm, cw 10.0 mm) from Las Perlas Islands, Panama (MZUSP 33661), in chaetopterid worm tube (host removed); B, ovigerous female (cl 9.2 mm, cw 13.2 mm) from the same locality (MZUSP 33661), dorsal view [photographs by AA]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5532410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5532410/files/figure.png" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">81</figureCitation>
)
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<taxonomicName id="4C7FE6FE771CFFB84EF95F38FD8EAF64" ID-CoL="2334c207-2313-42de-9915-35996ab66a46" authority="Lockington 1878: 396" authorityName="Lockington" authorityPageNumber="396" authorityYear="1878" box="[151,545,257,279]" class="Malacostraca" family="Porcellanidae" genus="Polyonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">
<emphasis id="B90B416F771CFFB84EF95F38FE93AF65" box="[151,316,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Polyonyx nitidus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEE08C771CFFB84F2D5F38FD8EAF64" author="Lockington, W. N." box="[323,545,257,279]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="394 - 406" refId="ref74323" refString="Lockington, W. N. (1878) Remarks upon the Porcellanidea of the west coast of North America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Serie 5, 2, 394 - 406. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937808682444" type="journal article" year="1878">Lockington 1878: 396</bibRefCitation>
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, 405;
<treatmentCitation id="0ADEBB6C771CFFB84C305F38FD54AF64" author="Haig, J." box="[606,763,257,279]" page="239" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" year="1960">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEE08C771CFFB84C305F38FD54AF64" author="Haig, J." box="[606,763,257,279]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="1 - 440" refId="ref72816" refString="Haig, J. (1960) The Porcellanidae (Crustacea: Anomura) of the Eastern Pacific. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 24, 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1960">Haig 1960: 239</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 12(2);
<treatmentCitation id="0ADEBB6C771CFFB84D1E5F38FBA1AF64" author="Haig J." box="[880,1038,257,279]" page="192" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" year="1962">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEE08C771CFFB84D1E5F38FBA1AF64" author="Haig J." box="[880,1038,257,279]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="171 - 192" refId="ref72846" refString="Haig J. (1962) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 1916. 79. Porcellanid crabs from eastern and western America. Videnskabelige meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk forening i KjObenhavn, 124, 171 - 192." type="journal article" year="1962">Haig 1962: 192</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0ADEBB6C771CFFB84A765F38FAB2AF64" author="Werding, B. &amp; Haig, H." box="[1048,1309,257,279]" page="69" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEE08C771CFFB84A765F38FAB2AF64" author="Werding, B. &amp; Haig, H." box="[1048,1309,257,279]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="57 - 70" refId="ref77511" refString="Werding, B. &amp; Haig, H. (1982) The porcellanid crabs of the Isla Gorgona, Pacific coast of Colombia, with a description of Clastotoechus gorgonensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Anomura). Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Punta Betin, 12, 57 - 70. https: // doi. org / 10.25268 / bimc. invemar. 1982.12.0.495" type="journal article" year="1982">Werding &amp; Haig 1982: 69</bibRefCitation>
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; Hickman &amp;
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Zimmeran 2000: 68, unnumbered colour photograph; Werding 2001: 115;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEE08C771CFFB84DCF5F19FBD1AF46" author="Hiller, A. &amp; Lazarus, J. F. &amp; Werding, B." box="[929,1150,288,310]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" refId="ref73488" refString="Hiller, A., Lazarus, J. F. &amp; Werding, B. (2004) New records and range extensions for porcellanid crabs in the eastern Pacific (Crustacea: Anomura: Porcellanidae). In: Hendrickx, M. E. (Ed.), Contributions to the Study of East Pacific Crustaceans. Vol. 3. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad de Mexico / UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, pp. 1 - 12." type="book" year="2004">
Hiller
<emphasis id="B90B416F771CFFB84D8E5F18FBBDAF46" box="[992,1042,288,310]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">et al.</emphasis>
2004: 132
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEE08C771CFFB84AE95F18FA90AF46" author="Moscoso, V." box="[1159,1343,288,310]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="1 - 208" refId="ref75462" refString="Moscoso, V. (2012) Catalogo de crustaceos decapodos y estomatopodos del Peru. Boletin Instituto del Mar del Peru, 27 (1 / 2), 1 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4563" type="journal article" year="2012">Moscoso 2012: 82</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 5H.
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<emphasis id="B90B416F771CFFB84EF95F04FE0BAF26" box="[151,420,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Polyonyx quadriungulatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEE08C771CFFB84FC45F04FDF2AF26" author="Glassell, S. A." box="[426,605,317,341]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="91 - 106" refId="ref71820" refString="Glassell, S. A. (1935) New or little known crabs from the Pacific coast of northern Mexico. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 8, 91 - 106." type="journal article" year="1935">Glassell 1935: 93</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 9;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEE08C771CFFB84CCC5F04FCEDAF26" author="Haig, J." box="[674,834,317,341]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="1 - 440" refId="ref72816" refString="Haig, J. (1960) The Porcellanidae (Crustacea: Anomura) of the Eastern Pacific. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 24, 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1960">Haig 1960: 236</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 12(1), pl. 41, fig. 2.
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<emphasis id="B90B416F771CFFB84EF95FBAFED3AFEE" bold="true" box="[151,380,387,413]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Material examined</emphasis>
.
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[
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]: 1 ov. female, cl 9.2, cw 13.2,
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, cl 7.5, cw 10.0 (
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,
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,
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.,
<materialsCitation id="3B179720771CFFB84FCB5F9EFD5CAC7A" collectingDate="2015-04-19" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="Bartolome &amp; A. Anker &amp; Las Perlas Is." country="Iceland" elevation="5" location="Isla" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" specimenCode="MZUSP 33664" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingCountry id="F368DDED771CFFB84FCB5F9EFE62AFB2" box="[421,461,423,449]" name="Iceland" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Isla</collectingCountry>
<collectorName id="268AF8AB771CFFB84FBB5F9EFDE1AFB2" box="[469,590,423,449]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Bartolomé</collectorName>
, depth
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at low tide, under large rocks in coarse sand, in tube of
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<emphasis id="B90B416F771CFFB84B0A5F9EFF50AF96" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Chaetopterus</emphasis>
sp.
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, leg.
<collectorName id="268AF8AB771CFFB84F085FF2FE60AF96" box="[358,463,459,485]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">A. Anker</collectorName>
,
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<collectingDate id="EF854255771CFFB84FB55FF2FDF2AF95" box="[475,605,459,486]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" value="2015-04-19">19.04.2015</collectingDate>
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; 1 ov. female, cl 3.0, cw 4.0,
<specimenCount id="9D7956F4771CFFB84DC55FF2FC55AF96" box="[939,1018,459,485]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, cl 2.8, cw 3.9 (
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),
<collectorName id="268AF8AB771CFFB84B1A5FF5FF51AC79" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Las Perlas Is.</collectorName>
, small rocky island off north-eastern coast of
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, depth
<quantity id="4C873098771CFFB84DA35FD6FB87AC79" box="[973,1064,495,522]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" unit="m" value="0.75" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.0">
<elevation id="00527A4E771CFFB84DA35FD6FB87AC79" box="[973,1064,495,522]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" unit="m" value="0.75" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.0">01.5 m</elevation>
</quantity>
at low tide, under rocks in coarse sand, in tube of
<taxonomicName id="4C7FE6FE771CFFB84F255C2AFDA5AC5D" box="[331,522,531,558]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chaetopteridae" genus="Chaetopterus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B90B416F771CFFB84F255C2AFE4DAC5E" box="[331,482,531,557]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Chaetopterus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, leg.
<collectorName id="268AF8AB771CFFB84C2B5C2AFD01AC5E" box="[581,686,531,557]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">A. Anker</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFC1BBBD771CFFB84CD75C2AFC94AC5D" box="[697,827,531,558]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" value="2015-04-22">
<collectingDate id="EF854255771CFFB84CD75C2AFC94AC5D" box="[697,827,531,558]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" value="2015-04-22">22.04.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC09D7D771CFFB84EA95C0EFD77AC21" blockId="127.[151,1437,386,1241]" box="[199,728,567,594]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B90B416F771CFFB84EA95C0EFD95AC22" bold="true" box="[199,570,567,593]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
Previous records from
<collectingCountry id="F368DDED771CFFB84FB65C0EFD95AC22" box="[472,570,567,593]" name="Panama" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Panama</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEE08C771CFFB84C265C0EFD7CAC21" author="Haig J." box="[584,723,567,594]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="171 - 192" refId="ref72846" refString="Haig J. (1962) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 1916. 79. Porcellanid crabs from eastern and western America. Videnskabelige meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk forening i KjObenhavn, 124, 171 - 192." type="journal article" year="1962">Haig (1962)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C365CEF6771CFFB84EA95C62FE6DACCD" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC09D7D771CFFB84EA95C62FE6DACCD" blockId="127.[151,1437,386,1241]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B90B416F771CFFB84EA95C62FEF6AC06" bold="true" box="[199,345,603,629]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Distribution</emphasis>
. East Pacific:
<collectingCountry id="F368DDED771CFFB84F965C62FD81AC06" box="[504,558,603,629]" name="United States of America" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49BB539F771CFFB84C525C62FD1BAC05" box="[572,692,603,630]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">California</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F368DDED771CFFB84CAB5C62FCB2AC06" box="[709,797,603,629]" name="Mexico" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F368DDED771CFFB84D495C65FC2FAC05" box="[807,896,604,630]" name="Panama" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Panama</collectingCountry>
(Las Perlas Is., Taboga Is.),
<collectingCountry id="F368DDED771CFFB84AD65C62FA89AC06" box="[1208,1318,603,629]" name="Colombia" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Colombia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F368DDED771CFFB84B355C65FF13ACEA" name="Ecuador" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
(including
<collectingRegion id="49BB539F771CFFB84F515C46FE18ACE9" box="[319,439,639,666]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEE08C771CFFB84FA35C46FDE7ACEA" author="Haig, J." box="[461,584,639,665]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="1 - 440" refId="ref72816" refString="Haig, J. (1960) The Porcellanidae (Crustacea: Anomura) of the Eastern Pacific. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 24, 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1960">Haig 1960</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C7FE6FE771CFFB84C1C5CB9FCE8ACEA" authorityName="Glassell" authorityYear="1935" box="[626,839,639,665]" class="Malacostraca" family="Porcellanidae" genus="Polyonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriungulatus">
<emphasis id="B90B416F771CFFB84C1C5CB9FCE8ACEA" box="[626,839,639,665]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">P. quadriungulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7FE6FE771CFFB84D115CB9FC48ACEA" authorityName="Lockington" authorityYear="1878" box="[895,999,639,665]" class="Malacostraca" family="Porcellanidae" genus="Polyonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">
<emphasis id="B90B416F771CFFB84D115CB9FC48ACEA" box="[895,999,639,665]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">P. nitidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEE08C771CFFB84D985C46FAFFACEA" author="Hickman, C. P. &amp; Zimmerman, T. L." box="[1014,1360,639,665]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" refId="ref73387" refString="Hickman, C. P. &amp; Zimmerman, T. L. (2000) A field guide to crustaceans of Galapagos: an illustrated guidebook to the common barnacles, shrimps, lobsters and crabs of the Galapagos Islands. Sugar Spring Press, Lexington, 156 pp." type="book" year="2000">Hickman &amp; Zimmerman 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEE08C771CFFB84B355C46FEBDACCE" author="Hiller, A. &amp; Lazarus, J. F. &amp; Werding, B." pageId="127" pageNumber="128" refId="ref73488" refString="Hiller, A., Lazarus, J. F. &amp; Werding, B. (2004) New records and range extensions for porcellanid crabs in the eastern Pacific (Crustacea: Anomura: Porcellanidae). In: Hendrickx, M. E. (Ed.), Contributions to the Study of East Pacific Crustaceans. Vol. 3. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad de Mexico / UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, pp. 1 - 12." type="book" year="2004">
Hiller
<emphasis id="B90B416F771CFFB84EF95C9DFF67ACCE" box="[151,200,675,701]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
; present study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C365CEF6771CFFB84EA95CFEFB8CAD5A" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BC09D7D771CFFB84EA95CFEFB8CAD5A" blockId="127.[151,1437,386,1241]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B90B416F771CFFB84EA95CFEFE89AC92" bold="true" box="[199,294,711,737]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Ecology</emphasis>
. Intertidal and (more common) subtidal, known depth range:
<quantity id="4C873098771CFFB84DB15CFEFB98AC91" box="[991,1079,711,738]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" unit="m" value="23.5" valueMax="47.0" valueMin="0.0">047 m</quantity>
; on sandy or sandy-muddy bottoms, often with rocks and rubble; obligate symbiont of large parchment worms,
<taxonomicName id="4C7FE6FE771CFFB84A725CD2FB75AD75" box="[1052,1242,747,774]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chaetopteridae" genus="Chaetopterus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B90B416F771CFFB84A725CD2FB1CAD76" box="[1052,1203,747,773]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Chaetopterus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C7FE6FE771CFFB84A8E5CD2FA3AAD76" baseAuthorityName="Renier" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[1248,1429,747,773]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chaetopteridae" genus="Chaetopterus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="variopedatus">
cf.
<emphasis id="B90B416F771CFFB84B6D5CD2FA3AAD76" box="[1283,1429,747,773]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">variopedatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, usually in male-female pairs in each tube (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEE08C771CFFB84C1C5D36FD43AD5A" author="Haig J." box="[626,748,783,809]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="171 - 192" refId="ref72846" refString="Haig J. (1962) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 1916. 79. Porcellanid crabs from eastern and western America. Videnskabelige meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk forening i KjObenhavn, 124, 171 - 192." type="journal article" year="1962">Haig 1962</bibRefCitation>
; present study, see
<figureCitation id="134481F8771CFFB84DAD5D36FBB9AD5A" box="[963,1046,783,809]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="129.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[179,1407,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-19@129.[179,1407,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="129" captionText="FIGURE 81. Polyonyx nitidus Lockington, 1878: A, male (cl 7.5 mm, cw 10.0 mm) from Las Perlas Islands, Panama (MZUSP 33661), in chaetopterid worm tube (host removed); B, ovigerous female (cl 9.2 mm, cw 13.2 mm) from the same locality (MZUSP 33661), dorsal view [photographs by AA]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5532410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5532410/files/figure.png" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C365CEF6771CFFB84EA95D0AFD98AB36" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC09D7D771CFFB84EA95D0AFED4AAAA" blockId="127.[151,1437,386,1241]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B90B416F771CFFB84EA95D0AFE9BAD3E" bold="true" box="[199,308,819,845]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEE08C771CFFB84F2A5D0AFE60AD3D" author="Haig, J." box="[324,463,819,846]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="1 - 440" refId="ref72816" refString="Haig, J. (1960) The Porcellanidae (Crustacea: Anomura) of the Eastern Pacific. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 24, 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1960">Haig (1960)</bibRefCitation>
treated
<taxonomicName id="4C7FE6FE771CFFB84C435D0DFC1FAD3D" authority="Glassell, 1935" authorityName="Glassell" authorityYear="1935" box="[557,944,819,846]" class="Malacostraca" family="Porcellanidae" genus="Polyonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriungulatus">
<emphasis id="B90B416F771CFFB84C435D0DFCABAD3E" box="[557,772,819,845]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">P. quadriungulatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEE08C771CFFB84D635D0AFC1FAD3D" author="Glassell, S. A." box="[781,944,819,846]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="91 - 106" refId="ref71820" refString="Glassell, S. A. (1935) New or little known crabs from the Pacific coast of northern Mexico. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 8, 91 - 106." type="journal article" year="1935">Glassell, 1935</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the warm-temperate outer Baja California as a species morphologically distinct from
<taxonomicName id="4C7FE6FE771CFFB84CAC5D61FC85AD02" authorityName="Lockington" authorityYear="1878" box="[706,810,855,881]" class="Malacostraca" family="Porcellanidae" genus="Polyonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">
<emphasis id="B90B416F771CFFB84CAC5D61FC85AD02" box="[706,810,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">P. nitidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, supposed to occur in the Gulf of California and further south along the Pacific coast to
<collectingCountry id="F368DDED771CFFB84C6C5D42FDCEADE6" box="[514,609,891,917]" name="Ecuador" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, including the
<collectingRegion id="49BB539F771CFFB84D645D42FC74ADE6" box="[778,987,891,917]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Galápagos Islands</collectingRegion>
. She was aware that the differences between these two presumed species were rather slight, suggesting that they may also be considered as subspecies of a single species. Werding (2001) concluded that the characters used by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEE08C771CFFB84DF35DFAFB8BADAD" author="Haig, J." box="[925,1060,963,990]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="1 - 440" refId="ref72816" refString="Haig, J. (1960) The Porcellanidae (Crustacea: Anomura) of the Eastern Pacific. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 24, 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1960">Haig (1960)</bibRefCitation>
to distinguish
<taxonomicName id="4C7FE6FE771CFFB84AA65DFDFA33ADAE" box="[1224,1436,963,989]" class="Malacostraca" family="Porcellanidae" genus="Polyonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriangulatus">
<emphasis id="B90B416F771CFFB84AA65DFDFA33ADAE" box="[1224,1436,963,989]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">P. quadriangulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7FE6FE771CFFB84EA75DD1FE9DAA72" authorityName="Lockington" authorityYear="1878" box="[201,306,999,1025]" class="Malacostraca" family="Porcellanidae" genus="Polyonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">
<emphasis id="B90B416F771CFFB84EA75DD1FE9DAA72" box="[201,306,999,1025]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">P. nitidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(number and configuration of movable spinules on the propodi and number of fixed spines on the dactyli of P2P4) are not consistent, and that therefore
<taxonomicName id="4C7FE6FE771CFFB84D635A35FC4CAA56" authorityName="Glassell" authorityYear="1935" box="[781,995,1035,1061]" class="Malacostraca" family="Porcellanidae" genus="Polyonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriungulatus">
<emphasis id="B90B416F771CFFB84D635A35FC4CAA56" box="[781,995,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">P. quadriungulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be treated as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C7FE6FE771CFFB84EDB5A09FEB2AA3A" authorityName="Lockington" authorityYear="1878" box="[181,285,1071,1097]" class="Malacostraca" family="Porcellanidae" genus="Polyonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">
<emphasis id="B90B416F771CFFB84EDB5A09FEB2AA3A" box="[181,285,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">P. nitidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see also
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEE08C771CFFB84FE55A16FDE0AA3A" author="Hiller, A. &amp; Lazarus, J. F. &amp; Werding, B." box="[395,591,1071,1097]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" refId="ref73488" refString="Hiller, A., Lazarus, J. F. &amp; Werding, B. (2004) New records and range extensions for porcellanid crabs in the eastern Pacific (Crustacea: Anomura: Porcellanidae). In: Hendrickx, M. E. (Ed.), Contributions to the Study of East Pacific Crustaceans. Vol. 3. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad de Mexico / UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, pp. 1 - 12." type="book" year="2004">
Hiller
<emphasis id="B90B416F771CFFB84FBD5A09FDA4AA3A" box="[467,523,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
). Indeed, in the present Panamanian material, the number of spinules on the ventral surface of the P2P4 propodi varied from four to six: two to four medially aligned spinules and two spinules on the distal corner, near the propodo-dactylar articulation. The uniform pale orange-brown colouration of the Panamanian specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C7FE6FE771CFFB84FE35AA5FE59AAC6" authorityName="Lockington" authorityYear="1878" box="[397,502,1179,1205]" class="Malacostraca" family="Porcellanidae" genus="Polyonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">
<emphasis id="B90B416F771CFFB84FE35AA5FE59AAC6" box="[397,502,1179,1205]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">P. nitidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="134481F8771CFFB84C685AA2FDCAAAC6" box="[518,613,1179,1205]" captionStart="FIGURE 80" captionStartId="128.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[179,1407,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-19@128.[179,1407,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="128" captionText="FIGURE 80. Polyonyx nitidus Lockington, 1878: AC, male (cl 7.5 mm, cw 10.0 mm) from Las Perlas Islands, Panama (MZUSP 33661), dorsal (A), ventral (B) and frontal (C) views [photographs by AA]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5532408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5532408/files/figure.png" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Figs. 80</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134481F8771CFFB84C1C5AA2FD20AAC6" box="[626,655,1179,1205]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="129.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[179,1407,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-19@129.[179,1407,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="129" captionText="FIGURE 81. Polyonyx nitidus Lockington, 1878: A, male (cl 7.5 mm, cw 10.0 mm) from Las Perlas Islands, Panama (MZUSP 33661), in chaetopterid worm tube (host removed); B, ovigerous female (cl 9.2 mm, cw 13.2 mm) from the same locality (MZUSP 33661), dorsal view [photographs by AA]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5532410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5532410/files/figure.png" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">81</figureCitation>
) corresponds well to that of the
<collectingRegion id="49BB539F771CFFB84D915AA2FBDAAAC6" box="[1023,1141,1179,1205]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
specimens in
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEE08C771CFFB84B765AA2FED8AAAA" author="Hickman, C. P. &amp; Zimmerman, T. L." pageId="127" pageNumber="128" refId="ref73387" refString="Hickman, C. P. &amp; Zimmerman, T. L. (2000) A field guide to crustaceans of Galapagos: an illustrated guidebook to the common barnacles, shrimps, lobsters and crabs of the Galapagos Islands. Sugar Spring Press, Lexington, 156 pp." type="book" year="2000">Hickman &amp; Zimmerman (2000)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC09D7D771CFFB84EF95B12FD98AB36" blockId="127.[151,567,1323,1350]" box="[151,567,1323,1350]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B90B416F771CFFB84EF95B12FD98AB36" bold="true" box="[151,567,1323,1350]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7FE6FE771CFFB84E805B12FD98AB36" authority="Lamarck, 1801" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[238,567,1323,1350]" class="Malacostraca" family="Porcellanidae" genus="Porcellana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B416F771CFFB84E805B12FEDDAB35" bold="true" box="[238,370,1323,1350]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Porcellana</emphasis>
Lamarck, 1801
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>