treatments-xml/data/03/D3/87/03D387803B5DF81CFF5FFC00662D2ED1.xml

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<mods:title id="835C9C720AEB76DBEF8C821258F67E6D">Morphology and distribution of pelagic ostracods of the genus Boroecia (Ostracoda: Halocyprididae) in the Central Arctic</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03D387803B5DF81CFF5FFC00662D2ED1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5630000" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119634566" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5630000" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D387803B5DF81CFF5FFC00662D2ED1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D387803B5DF81CFF5FFC00662D2ED1" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<subSubSection id="C360651D3B5DF82AFF5FFC0063302D3C" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5DF82AFF5FFC0060352AC5" blockId="17.[151,518,949,1009]" box="[151,518,949,975]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<heading id="D08D81FA3B5DF82AFF5FFC0060352AC5" bold="true" box="[151,518,949,975]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B5DF82AFF5FFC0060352AC5" ID-CoL="MKPM" authority="Sars, 1865" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,518,949,975]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5DF82AFF5FFC0060352AC5" bold="true" box="[151,518,949,975]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5DF82AFF5FFC0063582AC5" bold="true" box="[151,363,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Boroecia borealis</emphasis>
(Sars, 1865)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5DF82AFF5FFC6D631D2AFA" blockId="17.[151,518,949,1009]" box="[151,302,984,1009]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">(Figs. 12–20)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5DF82AFF5FFB9563302D3C" blockId="17.[151,1000,1056,1630]" box="[151,259,1056,1078]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Synonymy</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C360651D3B5DF82AFF5FFB8A61642F54" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5DF82AFF5FFB8A607F2D5F" blockId="17.[151,1000,1056,1630]" box="[151,588,1087,1109]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6A11B83B5DF82AFF5FFB8A607F2D5F" box="[151,588,1087,1109]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
1865 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B5DF82AFF18FB8A607B2D5F" ID-CoL="XKDK" authority="Sars, 1866: 119" authorityName="Sars" authorityPageNumber="119" authorityYear="1866" box="[208,584,1087,1109]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Conchoecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5DF82AFF18FB8A63922D5F" box="[208,417,1087,1109]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Conchoecia borealis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ADB10873B5DF82AFE6FFB8A607B2D5F" author="Sars" box="[423,584,1087,1109]" page="119" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" year="1866">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B5DF82AFE6FFB8A60252D5F" author="Sars" box="[423,534,1087,1109]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Sars, G. O. (1866) Oversigt af Norges marine Ostracoder. Forhandlinger I Videnskabs-Selskabet I Christiania, 1865,1 - 130." type="book" year="1866">Sars, 1866</bibRefCitation>
: 119
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5DF82AFF5FFBE860DE2D98" blockId="17.[151,1000,1056,1630]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
1896 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B5DF82AFF18FBE860222D79" ID-CoL="XKDK" authority="Sars, 1866" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1866" box="[208,529,1117,1139]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Conchoecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5DF82AFF18FBE863922D79" box="[208,417,1117,1139]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Conchoecia borealis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B5DF82AFE6FFBE860222D79" author="Sars" box="[423,529,1117,1139]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Sars, G. O. (1866) Oversigt af Norges marine Ostracoder. Forhandlinger I Videnskabs-Selskabet I Christiania, 1865,1 - 130." type="book" year="1866">Sars, 1866</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—Brady &amp; Norman: 685, pl. 61, figs. 
<date id="FFC410563B5DF82AFC5DFBE862F92D98" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" value="1899-09-19">9–19. 1899</date>
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B5DF82AFF18FBC960212D98" ID-CoL="XKDK" authority="Sars, 1866" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1866" box="[208,530,1148,1170]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Conchoecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5DF82AFF18FBC963922D98" box="[208,417,1148,1170]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Conchoecia borealis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B5DF82AFE6FFBC960212D98" author="Sars" box="[423,530,1148,1170]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Sars, G. O. (1866) Oversigt af Norges marine Ostracoder. Forhandlinger I Videnskabs-Selskabet I Christiania, 1865,1 - 130." type="book" year="1866">Sars, 1866</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—Aurivillius: 62, 66.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5DF82AFF5FFB2E608C2DBB" blockId="17.[151,1000,1056,1630]" box="[151,703,1179,1201]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
1902 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B5DF82AFF18FB2E60212DBB" ID-CoL="XKDK" authority="Sars, 1866" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1866" box="[208,530,1179,1201]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Conchoecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5DF82AFF18FB2E63922DBB" box="[208,417,1179,1201]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Conchoecia borealis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B5DF82AFE6FFB2E60212DBB" author="Sars" box="[423,530,1179,1201]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Sars, G. O. (1866) Oversigt af Norges marine Ostracoder. Forhandlinger I Videnskabs-Selskabet I Christiania, 1865,1 - 130." type="book" year="1866">Sars, 1866</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—Gran: 83, 210.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5DF82AFF5FFB0C60A72DC5" blockId="17.[151,1000,1056,1630]" box="[151,660,1209,1231]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
1903 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B5DF82AFF18FB0C60202DC5" ID-CoL="XKDK" authority="Sars, 1866" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1866" box="[208,531,1209,1231]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Conchoecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5DF82AFF18FB0C63922DC5" box="[208,417,1209,1231]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Conchoecia borealis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B5DF82AFE6FFB0C60202DC5" author="Sars" box="[423,531,1209,1231]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Sars, G. O. (1866) Oversigt af Norges marine Ostracoder. Forhandlinger I Videnskabs-Selskabet I Christiania, 1865,1 - 130." type="book" year="1866">Sars, 1866</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—Cleve: 23.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5DF82AFF5FFB6D60EF2C40" blockId="17.[151,1000,1056,1630]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
1903 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B5DF82AFF18FB6D60222DE4" ID-CoL="XKDK" authority="Sars, 1866" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1866" box="[208,529,1240,1262]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Conchoecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5DF82AFF18FB6D63922DE4" box="[208,417,1240,1262]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Conchoecia borealis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B5DF82AFE6FFB6D60222DE4" author="Sars" box="[423,529,1240,1262]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Sars, G. O. (1866) Oversigt af Norges marine Ostracoder. Forhandlinger I Videnskabs-Selskabet I Christiania, 1865,1 - 130." type="book" year="1866">Sars, 1866</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—Cleve &amp; Peterson: 2, 7. 1906 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B5DF82AFF18FB4260212C07" ID-CoL="XKDK" authority="Sars, 1866" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1866" box="[208,530,1271,1293]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Conchoecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5DF82AFF18FB4263922C07" box="[208,417,1271,1293]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Conchoecia borealis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B5DF82AFE6FFB4260212C07" author="Sars" box="[423,530,1271,1293]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Sars, G. O. (1866) Oversigt af Norges marine Ostracoder. Forhandlinger I Videnskabs-Selskabet I Christiania, 1865,1 - 130." type="book" year="1866">Sars, 1866</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—Vávra: 48, pl. 3, figs. 56–63. 1920 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B5DF82AFF18FAA060212C21" ID-CoL="XKDK" authority="Sars, 1866" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1866" box="[208,530,1301,1323]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Conchoecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5DF82AFF18FAA063922C21" box="[208,417,1301,1323]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Conchoecia borealis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B5DF82AFE6FFAA060212C21" author="Sars" box="[423,530,1301,1323]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Sars, G. O. (1866) Oversigt af Norges marine Ostracoder. Forhandlinger I Videnskabs-Selskabet I Christiania, 1865,1 - 130." type="book" year="1866">Sars, 1866</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—Skogsberg: 708, figs. 135, 136. 1964 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B5DF82AFF18FA8160212C40" ID-CoL="XKDK" authority="Sars, 1866" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1866" box="[208,530,1332,1354]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Conchoecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5DF82AFF18FA8163922C40" box="[208,417,1332,1354]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Conchoecia borealis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B5DF82AFE6FFA8160212C40" author="Sars" box="[423,530,1332,1354]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Sars, G. O. (1866) Oversigt af Norges marine Ostracoder. Forhandlinger I Videnskabs-Selskabet I Christiania, 1865,1 - 130." type="book" year="1866">Sars, 1866</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—Neale: 274 (key).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5DF82AFF5FFAE660E62C8D" blockId="17.[151,1000,1056,1630]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6A11B83B5DF82AFF5FFAE660E62C8D" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
1968 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B5DF82AFF18FAE660212C63" ID-CoL="XKDK" authority="Sars, 1866" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1866" box="[208,530,1363,1385]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Conchoecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5DF82AFF18FAE663922C63" box="[208,417,1363,1385]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Conchoecia borealis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B5DF82AFE6FFAE660212C63" author="Sars" box="[423,530,1363,1385]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Sars, G. O. (1866) Oversigt af Norges marine Ostracoder. Forhandlinger I Videnskabs-Selskabet I Christiania, 1865,1 - 130." type="book" year="1866">Sars, 1866</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—Deevey: 103–104, fig. 54. 1973 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B5DF82AFF18FAC7607D2C8D" ID-CoL="MKPM" authority="Poulsen, 1973: 166" authorityName="Poulsen" authorityPageNumber="166" authorityYear="1973" box="[208,590,1393,1415]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5DF82AFF18FAC763B72C8D" box="[208,388,1393,1415]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Boroecia borealis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ADB10873B5DF82AFE42FAC4607D2C8D" author="Poulsen" box="[394,590,1393,1415]" page="166" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B5DF82AFE42FAC4602E2C8D" author="Poulsen" box="[394,541,1393,1415]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Poulsen, E. M. (1973) Ostracoda-Myodocopa. Part III. B. Halocypriformes-Halocypridae, Conchoecinae. Dana-Report, 84, 1 - 224." type="journal article" year="1973">Poulsen, 1973</bibRefCitation>
: 166
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–169, fig. 84.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5DF82AFF5FFA2560FF2CCF" blockId="17.[151,1000,1056,1630]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
? 1973 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B5DF82AFEC8FA2460722CAC" ID-CoL="MKPM" authority="Poulsen 1973" authorityName="Poulsen" authorityYear="1973" box="[256,577,1424,1446]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5DF82AFEC8FA2463872CAC" box="[256,436,1424,1446]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Boroecia borealis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B5DF82AFE72FA2560722CAC" author="Poulsen" box="[442,577,1424,1446]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Poulsen, E. M. (1973) Ostracoda-Myodocopa. Part III. B. Halocypriformes-Halocypridae, Conchoecinae. Dana-Report, 84, 1 - 224." type="journal article" year="1973">Poulsen 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—Chen &amp; Lin: 124, fig. 146. 1978 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B5DF82AFF18FA05602B2CCF" ID-CoL="MKPM" authority="Poulsen, 1973" authorityName="Poulsen" authorityYear="1973" box="[208,536,1455,1477]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5DF82AFF18FA0563B72CCF" box="[208,388,1455,1477]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Boroecia borealis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B5DF82AFE42FA1A602B2CCF" author="Poulsen" box="[394,536,1455,1477]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Poulsen, E. M. (1973) Ostracoda-Myodocopa. Part III. B. Halocypriformes-Halocypridae, Conchoecinae. Dana-Report, 84, 1 - 224." type="journal article" year="1973">Poulsen, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—Chavtur: 1795.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5DF82AFF5FFA7860972CE9" blockId="17.[151,1000,1056,1630]" box="[151,676,1485,1507]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
1983 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B5DF82AFF18FA7860212CE9" ID-CoL="XKDK" authority="Sars, 1866" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1866" box="[208,530,1485,1507]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Conchoecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5DF82AFF18FA7863922CE9" box="[208,417,1485,1507]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Conchoecia borealis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B5DF82AFE6FFA7860212CE9" author="Sars" box="[423,530,1485,1507]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Sars, G. O. (1866) Oversigt af Norges marine Ostracoder. Forhandlinger I Videnskabs-Selskabet I Christiania, 1865,1 - 130." type="book" year="1866">Sars, 1866</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—Angel: 553.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5DF82AFF5FFA5961642F54" blockId="17.[151,1000,1056,1630]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
1984 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B5DF82AFF18FA5960212F08" ID-CoL="XKDK" authority="Sars, 1866" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1866" box="[208,530,1516,1538]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Conchoecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5DF82AFF18FA5963922F08" box="[208,417,1516,1538]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Conchoecia borealis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B5DF82AFE6FFA5960212F08" author="Sars" box="[423,530,1516,1538]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Sars, G. O. (1866) Oversigt af Norges marine Ostracoder. Forhandlinger I Videnskabs-Selskabet I Christiania, 1865,1 - 130." type="book" year="1866">Sars, 1866</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—Angel: 224, fig. 3, table 
<date id="FFC410563B5DF82AFCEBFA5962F92F2B" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" value="1985-03-01">1–3. 1985</date>
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B5DF82AFF18F9BE60202F2B" ID-CoL="XKDK" authority="Sars, 1866" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1866" box="[208,531,1547,1569]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Conchoecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5DF82AFF18F9BE63922F2B" box="[208,417,1547,1569]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Conchoecia borealis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B5DF82AFE6FF9BE60202F2B" author="Sars" box="[423,531,1547,1569]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Sars, G. O. (1866) Oversigt af Norges marine Ostracoder. Forhandlinger I Videnskabs-Selskabet I Christiania, 1865,1 - 130." type="book" year="1866">Sars, 1866</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—Ellis: 929 (table 2), 939 (key), 940 (fig. 11). 2008 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B5DF82AFF18F99F60242F35" ID-CoL="MKPM" authority="Poulsen, 1973" authorityName="Poulsen" authorityYear="1973" box="[208,535,1577,1599]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5DF82AFF18F99F63B72F35" box="[208,388,1577,1599]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Boroecia borealis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B5DF82AFE42F99C60242F35" author="Poulsen" box="[394,535,1577,1599]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Poulsen, E. M. (1973) Ostracoda-Myodocopa. Part III. B. Halocypriformes-Halocypridae, Conchoecinae. Dana-Report, 84, 1 - 224." type="journal article" year="1973">Poulsen, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—Bashmanov &amp; Chavtur: 341. 2009 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B5DF82AFF18F9FC60242F54" ID-CoL="MKPM" authority="Poulsen, 1973" authorityName="Poulsen" authorityYear="1973" box="[208,535,1608,1630]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5DF82AFF18F9FC63B72F54" box="[208,388,1608,1630]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Boroecia borealis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B5DF82AFE42F9FD60242F54" author="Poulsen" box="[394,535,1608,1630]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refString="Poulsen, E. M. (1973) Ostracoda-Myodocopa. Part III. B. Halocypriformes-Halocypridae, Conchoecinae. Dana-Report, 84, 1 - 224." type="journal article" year="1973">Poulsen, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—Bashmanov &amp; Chavtur: 316.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C360651D3B5DF82FFF5FF93E60B92C77" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5DF82AFF5FF93E671A2EC3" blockId="17.[151,1436,1675,2029]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5DF82AFF5FF93E63B12FAE" bold="true" box="[151,386,1675,1700]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Material examined.</emphasis>
Drift Ice Station “Severnyi Polyus”-2 (SP-2), Station 5, 78º53˙N, 194º30˙E, depth 
<quantity id="4C829B733B5DF82AFAF2F93E629C2FCD" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.05" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="605.0" valueMax="950.0" valueMin="260.0">260–950 m</quantity>
, Nansen’s Net (S= 
<quantity id="4C829B733B5DF82AFE4AF91B63F42FCD" box="[386,455,1710,1735]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</quantity>
²), 
<date id="FFC410563B5DF82AFE2EF91A60482FCD" box="[486,635,1710,1735]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" value="1950-08">August 1950</date>
: IBM 2831, adult male (length 
<quantity id="4C829B733B5DF82AFC29F91B66792FCD" box="[993,1098,1710,1735]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="2.25">2.25 mm</quantity>
); IBM 2832, adult male (
<quantity id="4C829B733B5DF82AFAA2F91A62F42FE4" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.43" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="2.43">2.43 mm</quantity>
); IBM 2835, adult female (
<quantity id="4C829B733B5DF82AFE3EF960606C2FE4" box="[502,607,1749,1774]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="2.75">2.75 mm</quantity>
); IBM 2836, adult female (
<quantity id="4C829B733B5DF82AFC46F96361CB2FE4" box="[910,1016,1750,1774]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.82" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="2.82">2.82 mm</quantity>
). RV” Polarstern” 27th Cruise, Station AGT 0 47, 77º11.67˙N, 126º19.17˙E, depth 
<quantity id="4C829B733B5DF82AFD49F94F60EA2E1B" box="[641,729,1786,1810]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.079" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="1079.0">1079 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFC410563B5DF82AFD2EF94F61852E18" box="[742,950,1785,1810]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" value="1993-09-09">9 September 1993</date>
, Nectobenthic Trap: IBM 2834, adult male (
<quantity id="4C829B733B5DF82AFF56F8A8633B2E3C" box="[158,264,1821,1846]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.36" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="2.36">2.36 mm</quantity>
); Station AGT 0 48, 77º07.83˙N, 126º25.04˙E, depth 
<quantity id="4C829B733B5DF82AFC91F8A861912E3F" box="[857,930,1821,1846]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFC410563B5DF82AFC66F8AB664E2E3C" box="[942,1149,1821,1846]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" value="1993-09-09">9 September 1993</date>
, Nectobenthic Trap: IBM 2839, adult female (
<quantity id="4C829B733B5DF82AFEB4F8F763D42E50" box="[380,487,1858,1882]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.80 mm</quantity>
); IBM 2840, adult female (
<quantity id="4C829B733B5DF82AFCD7F8F761B82E50" box="[799,907,1858,1882]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.94" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="2.94">2.94 mm</quantity>
). 77º11.67˙N, 126º19.17˙E, depth 
<quantity id="4C829B733B5DF82AFAD9F8F767582E53" box="[1297,1387,1858,1882]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.079" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="1079.0">1079 m</quantity>
. RV “Berg” 15th (?) Cruise, Station 50, sample 154, Norwegian Sea (? сoordinates), depth 
<quantity id="4C829B733B5DF82AFBA4F8DD66DC2E8A" box="[1132,1263,1896,1921]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="400.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="300.0">300–500 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFC410563B5DF82AFB34F8DD67AB2E8B" box="[1276,1432,1896,1921]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" value="1954-06-15">15 June 1954</date>
, Nansen’s Net (S= 
<quantity id="4C829B733B5DF82AFEA0F83963872EAF" box="[360,436,1932,1957]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</quantity>
²): IBM 2837, adult female (
<quantity id="4C829B733B5DF82AFCC6F839614D2EAF" box="[782,894,1932,1957]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.66" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="2.66">2.66 mm</quantity>
); IBM 2838, adult female (
<quantity id="4C829B733B5DF82AFB07F839670C2EAF" box="[1231,1343,1932,1957]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="2.65">2.65 mm</quantity>
). These specimens have been deposited in the Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology (Vladivostok, 
<collectingCountry id="F36D76063B5DF82AFB06F805672D2EC3" box="[1230,1310,1968,1993]" name="Russia" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Russia</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5DF829FF0FF86167142882" blockId="17.[151,1436,1675,2029]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,2016]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5DF82AFF0FF861608D2EE7" bold="true" box="[199,702,2004,2029]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Supplementary description of adult male.</emphasis>
Carapace (Fig. 12A–E). Length 
<quantity id="4C829B733B5DF82AFBF0F86166EE2EE6" box="[1080,1245,2004,2029]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.34" metricValueMax="2.43" metricValueMin="2.25" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="2.34" valueMax="2.43" valueMin="2.25">2.25–2.43 mm</quantity>
(literature 
<quantity id="4C829B733B5DF829FA95F86062CC29BA" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="169" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="2.2" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="1.8">1.80– 2.60 mm</quantity>
). Greatest height about 
<quantity id="4C829B733B5EF829FDCFFF22609929A5" box="[519,682,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" metricValueMax="1.15" metricValueMin="0.99" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" unit="mm" value="1.0699999999999998" valueMax="1.15" valueMin="0.99">0.99–1.15 mm</quantity>
at posterior half and width 
<quantity id="4C829B733B5EF829FC17FF2D66B229A5" box="[991,1153,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" metricValueMax="9.7" metricValueMin="7.9" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" unit="mm" value="0.88" valueMax="0.97" valueMin="0.79">0.79–0.97 mm</quantity>
at midlength. Dorsal and ventral margin straight or barely concave at midlength. Anterior margin evenly rounded. Posterior margin visibly concave and not or barely sloping downward to antero-ventral side. Postero-dorsal corner on each valve with 4 teeth. Shoulder vault well developed wing-shaped with sharp edge along the greater part of its length. Each valve with well developed dorso-medial gland represented by a series of long glandular cells situated about 1/3 from posterior corner. Lateral gland on posterior margin of each valve consisting of 4 groups of glandular cells and situated about 2/3 from posterior corner. Surface of carapace with distinct sculpture (like rhombic cells).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5EF829FF0FFE2160C528D9" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Rod-shaped organ (Fig. 12G, K). Capitulum section slightly concave dorsally, somewhat longer than second segment of 1st antenna, and about 45% length of shaft.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5EF829FF0FFE6B674D2BF9" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
First antenna (Fig. 
<date id="FFC410563B5EF829FE7AFE6A63E528FD" box="[434,470,479,503]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" value="2012-01">12I</date>
–J, L). Length 
<quantity id="4C829B733B5EF829FD5AFE6A60DC28FD" box="[658,751,479,503]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
about 60%, 70% and 80% length of e-, b- and d-setae respectively. The a-seta provided with little proximal tubercle, longer than ½ length of limb, about ⅓ and ½ length of e-seta and c-seta respectively. The b-seta somewhat longer than d-seta and about 80% length of e-seta and armed with long thick pad; its terminal part distally of pad with some spinules. The c-seta longer (about 110%) than second segment of limb and about 30% length of e-seta. The d-seta 80% length of e-seta distally with about 20 anterior spinules and 20 posterior short setules. The e-seta about 1.5 of length of limb, with rounded bend (without distinct angle) and a tubercle at ⅔ of its length, proximally of bend along 1/3 of its length with two rows with each 53–56 (in literature 50–55) closely placed winged spines, distal part of seta sword-shaped. Surface of limb bare.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5EF829FF0FFD4B60452DA9" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Second antenna (Figs. 12M, 13A–G). Height of protopodite exceeding slightly half its length. Protopodite as long as its longest natatory seta and about twice as long as exopodite. First segment of exopodite relatively thick (20% and more of its length), about 70% of its whole length and with short distal seta. The a-seta on endopodite about ¾ of length of b-seta. The e-seta tiny. The f-seta about 70% length of g-seta. Sensory h-, i- and j-setae terminally rounded and about 50% length of g-seta. The g-seta barely shorter than protopodite (about 85–90% of its length). The f- and g-setae sword-shaped distally. Hook appendage near second endopodite segment without distinct ventral protuberance. Proximal part of hook appendage about ½ length of its distal part on left and right endopodite. Right hook appendage relatively well developed, sharply curved, with long straight proximal section furnished with verruca and short spine, distally with subterminal ridges and two exceedingly small hyaline spines. Left hook appendage relatively small, straight or slightly curved, with bare proximal section (without verruca and spine) and distally also with two fine spines and with subterminal ridges. Ventral surface of first endopodite segment densely covered with tiny setules.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5EF829FF0FFB1B66EE2F25" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Mandible (Figs. 13H–J, 14A–D). Seta of exopodite about 1.5 the length of distal endopodite segment. Length of first, second and third segments of endopodite about 50%, 25% and 25% its length, respectively (on dorsal margin). First segment on dorsal margin with one distal plumose seta, on ventral margin with 4 setae with short setules, of which one distal seta very long. Dorsal margin of second segment with one (longest) strong claw-like seta (about 65–70% length of endopodite) and two setae; ventral margin with two setae (longest about 75–80% length of endopodite). Third segment with 7 terminal seta: 5 short setae and two strong long claw-like setae (longest seta about 80% length of endopodite). Length of basale about 70% or somewhat longer than endopodite, and height about 80–85% of its length. Tooth-row of basale endite with 6 triangular teeth, with one lateral evenly rounded tooth and two equal posterior setae, one of which tubular. Muscle band attached to posterior margin of basal endite relatively narrow. Masticatory pad with 4 strong and long teeth, with numerous long and some short setules and 4 rounded flaps. Epipodite narrow, with noticeable verruca with moderately long seta.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5EF829FF0FF98F61752E0D" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
Maxilla (
<figureCitation id="13412A133B5EF829FEF8F98F63B12F59" box="[304,386,1594,1619]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[150,1436,193,1922]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. Boroecia borealis (Male: A – E, G, IBM 2833; F, H, IBM 2834). A, mandible (seta not shown); B, cutting edge, distal and proximal tooth-lists and masticatory pad of the coxale on the mandible; C, D, basal endite of the mandible; E, basale and endopodite of the maxilla; F, endopodite of the maxilla; G, distal part of the maxilla; H, upper lip." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244923/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
E–G). Seta of basale about subequal to length and width of first endopodite segment. This segment with 6 ventral, 3 dorsal and one medio-distal setae with short setules, width about 70% and 40% of its length and its longest ventral seta, respectively. Medio-distal seta of this segment more than 70% of the length of the segment. Length of second segment about 3 times or less of its height, about 90% width of first segment and about 80% length of main claw. Distal surface of first segment armed with 3 relatively long spines. Coxale endite provided with 15 and precoxale endite with 9 setae and teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5EF829FF0FF8A760BD2E9D" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
Fifth limb (
<figureCitation id="13412A133B5EF829FE80F8A763AB2E21" box="[328,408,1810,1835]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[150,1436,193,1922]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. Boroecia borealis (Male: A – D, IBM 2833). A, fifth limb; B, C, proximal part of the right fifth limb seen from interior (B) and exterior (C); D, sixth limb." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244924/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
A–C). Epipodial plate with 4, 5 and 4 (and one additional short seta) plumose setae in each distal, middle and proximal group of setae, respectively. First endite of precoxale with one long plumose seta and one short seta, second endite covered with short spines (on external side) and with two plumose setae (one medium long and one long) and one minute bare seta.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5EF828FF0FF81766752817" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2016]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,151,2024]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Coxale armed with two strong claw-like setae, two plumose and 4 setae with short setules; its inner surface provided with some relatively long spines. Basale is less than 80% of the length of first segment of endopodite and bears 8 setae with short setules, one plumose ventral seta, and one dorsal plumose seta; its width about 80% of length. Exopodite represented by long seta. First segment of endopodite with two ventral and one dorsal setae with short setules; its width about 30% of length. Longest claw-like seta of second segment about 55–60% length of endopodite. External side of precoxale, coxale and basale covered with long setules.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5FF828FF0FFE9260F728FF" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
Sixth limb (
<figureCitation id="13412A133B5FF828FE84FE926394284A" box="[332,423,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[150,1436,193,1922]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. Boroecia borealis (Male: A – D, IBM 2833). A, fifth limb; B, C, proximal part of the right fifth limb seen from interior (B) and exterior (C); D, sixth limb." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244924/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Figs. 15</figureCitation>
D, 16A). Epipodial plate with 5, 5 (rarely 4) and 6 (and one additional short seta) plumose setae in each of distal, middle and proximal group of setae, respectively; length of these setae (except of short seta) about 80% length of basale (on ventral margin). Protopodite provided with two distal plumose setae. Basale with 3 ventral, 2 ventro-lateral and one dorso-lateral plumose setae. Exopodite represented by one short bare seta. First segment of endopodite with one ventral seta and second segment with one dorsal and one ventral setae. Terminal setae about twice as long as length of endopodite.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5FF828FF0FFE4A63592B6A" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
Seventh limb (
<figureCitation id="13412A133B5FF828FEA6FE4A63F02B12" box="[366,451,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[150,1428,193,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[150,1436,193,1922]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Boroecia borealis (Male: A – C, E, G, IBM 2833; D, F, IBM 2834). A, proximal part of the sixth limb; B, seventh limb; C, caudal furca; D, E, copulatory appendage; F, G, distal part of the copulatory appendage." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244925/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
B). Limb relatively slim. Length of first segment about 3.5 times of its width; greatest width at proximal part. Second segment provided with 2–4 spinules, its short seta about 1.3 times length of limb (long seta broken).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5FF828FF0FFDD960592BFC" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
Caudal furca (
<figureCitation id="13412A133B5FF828FEA1FDD9638E2B8F" box="[361,445,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[150,1428,193,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[150,1436,193,1922]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Boroecia borealis (Male: A – C, E, G, IBM 2833; D, F, IBM 2834). A, proximal part of the sixth limb; B, seventh limb; C, caudal furca; D, E, copulatory appendage; F, G, distal part of the copulatory appendage." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244925/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
C). Set with 6 pairs of claw-like setae, two pairs of regular setae and one unpaired seta dorsally of smallest seta pair. 4th seta considerably longer than 5th seta. Length of limb (distance between 1st and 8th setae) about 60 and 80% length of 1st and 2nd setae, respectively. Length of 2nd seta about 80% of 1st seta. Inner surface densely covered with fine setules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5FF828FF0FFCB461F72A68" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
Copulatory appendage (
<figureCitation id="13412A133B5FF828FE1BFCB460102A10" box="[467,547,769,794]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[150,1428,193,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[150,1436,193,1922]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Boroecia borealis (Male: A – C, E, G, IBM 2833; D, F, IBM 2834). A, proximal part of the sixth limb; B, seventh limb; C, caudal furca; D, E, copulatory appendage; F, G, distal part of the copulatory appendage." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244925/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
D–G). Limb straight and relatively narrow, varying in shape and with 6 oblique muscle bands; about 28–34% of carapace length. Its end obliquely truncated or almost rounded. Greatest width about 20% or somewhat more of its length and positioned at mid-length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5FF828FF0FFCDB63B12A8C" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2024]" box="[199,386,877,902]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Upper lip is lost.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5FF828FF0FFC2460782D88" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5FF828FF0FFC24636D2AA3" box="[199,350,913,937]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Adult female.</emphasis>
Carapace (Fig. 17A–E). Length range 
<quantity id="4C829B733B5FF828FCDDFC24618B2AA3" box="[789,952,913,938]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.795" metricValueMax="2.94" metricValueMin="2.65" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="2.795" valueMax="2.94" valueMin="2.65">2.65–2.94 mm</quantity>
(in literature 2.0–3.0 mm). Greatest height about 
<quantity id="4C829B733B5FF828FF17FC0363B62AC7" box="[223,389,950,974]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.315" metricValueMax="1.44" metricValueMin="1.19" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="1.315" valueMax="1.44" valueMin="1.19">1.19–1.44 mm</quantity>
at posterior half and width about 
<quantity id="4C829B733B5FF828FCDDFC0061882AC7" box="[789,955,949,974]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.12" metricValueMax="1.18" metricValueMin="1.06" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="1.12" valueMax="1.18" valueMin="1.06">1.06–1.18 mm</quantity>
at mid-length. Dorsal and ventral margin strait or barely concave at mid-length. Anterior margin evenly rounded. Posterior margin visibly convex and barely or not sloping downward to antero-ventral side. Postero-dorsal corner on right valve with one tooth and on left valve with 3 teeth. Shoulder vault well developed and rounded. Lateral gland on posterior margin of each valve consists of 4 groups of glandular cells and situated about ⅔ from posterior corner. Surface of carapace with distinct reticular sculpture (like rhombic cells).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5FF828FF0FFB2563132C12" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Rod-shaped organ (Fig.17F–H). About 1.5 times or barely longer than length of 1st antenna. Shaft extends somewhat beyond end of terminal end of 1st antenna. Capitulum narrow, slightly concave dorsally, about 50% length of shaft, with numerous long spines in proximal half and along ventral side and with pointed tip placed near ventral side.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5FF828FF0FFA9666DD2CC1" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">First antenna (Fig. 17G, H). Limb narrow (height about 20% of its length). Dorsal seta about as long as length of limb, and armed with short setules. The e-seta about twice (or somewhat less) as long as limb and sensory a–dsetae, with anterior and posterior short setules in its medial part, and distally slightly sword-shaped. Sensory setae terminally rounded and with equal thickness along their length. Lower surface of first and second segments and upper surface of first segment covered with some short setules; first segment has dark brown spots.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5FF828FF0FFA6266052FC2" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
Second antenna (Figs. 
<date id="FFC410563B5FF828FE03FA6263C12CE5" box="[459,498,1495,1519]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" value="1917-01">17I</date>
, J; 18A, B). Height of protopodite about 50% of its length. Protopodite as long as longest natatory seta and somewhat longer than g-seta. Exopodite narrow, relatively long and about 55% length of protopodite. First exopodite segment about 70% of exopodite and with distal seta. Height of this segment about 15– 20% of its length. All setae of second endopodite segment terminally pointed. The f- and g-setae slightly widened distally and with anterior short setules. The f-seta about 70% length of g-seta. Sensory setae with usual thickness along their length and terminally rounded; h- and j-setae about 55% length of g-seta and somewhat shorter than iseta. Ventral surface of first endopodite segment densely covered with tiny setules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5FF82FFF0FF96662E62817" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2024]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,151,1874]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Mandible (Figs. 18C–F). Seta of exopodite about one and half the length of distal endopodite segment. Length of first, second and third segments of endopodite about 50%, 25% and 25% of their length. First segment dorsally with distal seta, ventrally with 3 relatively short and one long (about 85% length of endopodite) setae with short setules. Dorsal margin of second segment with two short seta and one long claw-like seta (about 60–65% length of endopodite), ventral margin with two normal setae, of which longest seta about 70–75% length of endopodite. Third segment with 7 terminal setae of which 5 normal short setae and two strong long claw-like setae (longest seta about 85% length of endopodite). Length of basale about 60% length of endopodite, and height about 120% of its length. Tooth-row of basale endite with 6 triangular teeth, with one lateral evenly rounded tooth and two posterior setae, one of which tubular and shorter than other. Muscle band attached to posterior margin of basale endite relatively narrow. Masticatory pad with 4 rounded flaps. Coxale cutting edge with 9 triangular teeth and one large straight tooth. Proximal and distal tooth-lists of coxale armed with 12 teeth each. Epipodite similar to those of male.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B58F82FFF0FFE92666F2B12" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Maxilla (Figs. 18G; 19A–C; 20A). Seta of basale about equal or somewhat shorter than length of first endopodite segment. This segment with 6 ventral setae (of which longest seta somewhat shorter than length of its segment), 3 dorsal and one medio-distal setae with short setules; width about 60% of its length and 35% of its longest ventral seta. Medio-distal seta of this segment about more than 80% of its length. Length of second segment more than 3 times of its height and equal or lesser (about 90%) than width of first segment. Main claw about 1.3 times the length of second segment. Distal surface of first segment armed with 3 relatively short spines. Coxale and precoxale endites provided with 14–15 and 9 setae and teeth, respectively.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B58F82FFF0FFD9166822A57" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Fifth limb (Figs. 19D; 20B, C). Epipodial plate with 4, 5 and 4 (and one additional short seta) plumose setae in each distal, middle and proximal group of setae, respectively. First endite of precoxale with one long plumose seta and one short seta, second endite covered with short spines (on external side), two plumose setae (one medium length and one long) and one minute bare seta. Coxale armed with two strong claw-like setae, two plumose and 4 setae with short setules; its inner surface provided with some relatively long spines. Basale about 95–100% or somewhat less than length of second segment, with 8 setae setae with short setules, one plumose ventral seta, and one dorsal plumose seta; its width about 80% of length. First segment of endopodite with two ventral and one dorsal setae with short setules; its width about 35% of length. Longest claw-like seta of third segment about 55% length of endopodite. External side of precoxale, coxale and basale covered with long setules.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B58F82FFF0FFCD261B52D3F" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Sixth limb (Fig. 20D, E). Epipodial plate with 5, 5 (rarely 4) and 6 (and one addition short seta) plumose setae in each of distal, middle and proximal group of setae, respectively. Protopodite provided with two distal plumose setae. Basale with 2 ventral, 2 ventro-lateral and one dorso-lateral plumose setae; its length about 60–70% of length of setae on epipodial plate (except of short seta). Exopodite represented by short bare seta (shorter than half length of basale). First segment of endopodite with one ventral seta and second segment with one dorsal and one ventral setae. Main terminal claw-like seta about 80% length of exopodite.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B58F82FFF0FFB8A60452DAA" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Seventh limb (Fig. 20F). Relatively slim. Length of first segment about 3.5 times of its width; this segment has equal thickness throughout its length. Second segment provided with 2–4 spinules, its short seta about 1.2 times length of limb and about 30% of long seta.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B58F82FFF0FFB1960592C3C" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Caudal furca. With 6 pairs of claw-like setae, two pairs of regular setae and one unpaired seta dorsally to smallest pair of setae. 4th seta considerably longer than 5th seta. Length of limb (distance between 1st and 8th setae) about 60 and 80% length of 1st and 2nd setae, respectively. Length of 2nd seta about 75% length of 1st seta. Inner surface densely covered with fine setules.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B58F82FFF0FFAF760B92C77" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Upper lip. (Fig. 19F). Posterior ventral edge interrupted by flat U-shaped notch. Each side of notch with 18–20 relatively long, flaccid, spine-like processes.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C360651D3B58F81BFF0FFA3C61E629EA" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC536963B58F82FFF0FFA3C62DF2F5F" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B58F82FFF0FFA3C63082CA8" bold="true" box="[199,315,1417,1442]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Remarks.</emphasis>
The name 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B58F82FFE0BFA3C609C2CAB" box="[451,687,1417,1441]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Conchoecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B58F82FFE0BFA3C609C2CAB" box="[451,687,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Conchoecia borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also mentioned in the following literature: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFB04FA3C67A42CA8" author="Vanhoffen" box="[1228,1431,1417,1442]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Vanhoffen, E. (1897) Die Fauna und Flora Gronlands. In: von Drygalski, E., Schuhmann, R. Stade, H. &amp; Vanhoffen, E. (Eds.), Gronland-Expedition der Gesellschaft fur Erdkunde zu Berlin 1891 - 1893 unter der Leitung von Erich von Drygalski. Kuhl, Berlin, pp. 1 - 384." type="book chapter" year="1897">Vanhöffen (1897)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFF5FFA1863502CCC" author="Nordgaard" box="[151,355,1453,1478]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1899) Contribution to the study of hydrography and biology on the coast of Norway. In: Hjort, J., Nordgaard, O. &amp; Gran, H. H. (Eds.), Report on Norwegian Marine Investigations 1895 - 97. Grieg, Bergen, pp. 3 - 33." type="book chapter" year="1899">Nordgaard (1899)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFEB8FA18603B2CCC" author="Muller" box="[368,520,1453,1478]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Muller, G. W. (1901) Ostracoden. In: Apstein, H. &amp; Brandt, K. A. H. (Eds.), Nordisches Plankton VII, Zoologischer Teil 4. Lipsius &amp; Tischer, Kiel &amp; Leipzig, pp. 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1901">Müller (1901</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFDDDFA1B60632CCC" author="Muller" box="[533,592,1454,1478]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Muller, G. W. (1912) Ostracoden. Das Tierreich, 31, 1 - 434." type="journal article" year="1912">1912</bibRefCitation>
), 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFDAEFA18612C2CCC" author="Ostenfeld" box="[614,799,1453,1478]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Ostenfeld, C. H. (1906) Catalogue des especes de plantes et d'animaux observees dans le plankton recueilli pendant les expeditions periodiques depuis le mois d'aout 1902 jusqu'au mois de mai 1905. Conseil permanent international pour l'exploration de la mer, 33, 122 pp." type="book" year="1906">Ostenfeld (1906</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFCE3FA1B61552CCC" author="Ostenfeld" box="[811,870,1454,1478]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Ostenfeld, C. H. (1931) Sommaire general des parties I a III. Resume des observations sur le plankton des mers explorees par le conseil pendant les annees 1902 - 1908. Bulletin trimestriel des resultats acquis pendant les croisieres periodiques et dans les periodes intermediaires, 4, 601 - 672." type="journal article" year="1931">1931</bibRefCitation>
), 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFCB4FA1867102CCC" author="Ostenfeld" box="[892,1315,1453,1478]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Ostenfeld, C. H. &amp; Wesenberg-Lund, C. (1909) Catalogue des especes de plantes et d'animaux observees dans le plankton recueilli pendant les expeditions periodiques depuis le mois d'aout 1905 jusqu'au mois de mai 1908. Conseil permanent international pour l'exploration de la mer, 48, 1 - 151." type="journal article" year="1909">Ostenfeld &amp; Wesenberg-Lund (1909)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFAF8FA1B63782CE0" author="Damas" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Damas, D. &amp; Koefoed, E. (1907) Le plankton de la mer du Gronland. In: d'Orleans, D. (Ed.), Croisiere oceanographique: accomplie a bord de la Belgica dans la Mer du Gronland, 1905. Bulens, Bruxelles, pp. 347 - 427." type="journal article" year="1907">Damas &amp; Koefoed (1907)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFE9FFA6760282CE0" author="Jorgensen" box="[343,539,1490,1514]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Jorgensen, E. (1912) Bericht uber die von der schwedischen Hydrographisch-Biologischen Kommission in den schwedischen Gewassern in den Jahren 1909 - 1910 eingesammelten Planktonproben, Svenska Hydrografisk-Biologiska Kommissionens Skrifter, 4, 1 - 20. Goteborg. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 77316" type="journal article" year="1912">Jörgensen (1912)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFDE0FA6760D42CE0" author="Jespersen" box="[552,743,1490,1514]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Jespersen, P. D. (1923) Thorild Wulff's plankton collections in the water west of Greenland. Den. II. Thule Ekspedition tii Greenlands Nordkyst 1917 - 1918. Meddelelser om Gronland, 64, 103 - 160. [cited after Williams, 1975]" type="journal article" year="1923">Jespersen (1923)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFD3BFA6461802CE0" author="Davidson" box="[755,947,1489,1514]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Davidson, V. M. (1924) The Distribution of Certain Marine Ostracoda in the Canadian Waters of the Eastern Coast. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, 2, 295 - 306. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 24 - 013" type="journal article" year="1924">Davidson (1924)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFC77FA6466402CE0" author="Yashnov" box="[959,1139,1489,1514]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Yashnov, V. A. (1927) Zooplankton Karskogo morja [Zooplankton of the Kara Sea]. Trudy Plavucheg Morskogo Nauchnogo Instituta, 2, 1 - 59. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1927">Yashnov (1927)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFB48FA6467042CE0" author="Kielhorn" box="[1152,1335,1489,1514]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Kielhorn, W. V. (1952) The biology of the surface zone zooplankton of a Boreo-Arctic Atlantic Ocean Area. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 9, 223 - 264. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 52 - 015" type="journal article" year="1952">Kielhorn (1952)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFA8BFA6462E82F04" author="Hulings" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Hulings, N. C. (1966) Marine Ostracoda from Western North Atlantic Ocean off the Virginia Coast. Chesapeake Sciences, 7, 40 - 56. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1350988" type="journal article" year="1966">Hulings (1966</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFF38FA40631F2F04" author="Hulings" box="[240,300,1525,1550]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Hulings, N. C. (1967) Marine Ostracoda from Western North Atlantic Ocean: Labrador Sea, Gulf of St. Lawrence and Off Nova Scotia. Crustaceana, 13, 310 - 328. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854067 X 00495" type="journal article" year="1967">1967</bibRefCitation>
), 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFE80FA4060562F04" author="Shih" box="[328,613,1525,1550]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Shih, C. T. &amp; Laubitz, D. R. (1978) Zooplankton Distribution in the Eastern Beaufort Sea and the Northwest Passage. Astarte, 11, 45 - 54." type="journal article" year="1978">Shih &amp; Laubitz (1978)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFDB3FA4061182F04" author="Richter" box="[635,811,1525,1550]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Richter, C. (1994) Regional and seasonal variability in the vertical distribution of mesozooplankton in the Greenland Sea. Berichte zur Polarforschung, 154, 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1994">Richter (1994)</bibRefCitation>
. However, these publications have no taxonomical information (descriptions and figures are absent). Therefore we are not sure if the identification of these authors is correct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B58F82FFF0FF9D467072E58" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">
The specimens investigated by us differ somehow from the descriptions of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B58F82FFBE1F9D766962F73" box="[1065,1189,1633,1657]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Conchoecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B58F82FFBE1F9D766962F73" box="[1065,1189,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">B. borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFB1CF9D462D02F94" author="Brady" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Brady, G. S. &amp; Norman, A. M. (1896) A monograph of the marine and freshwater Ostracoda of the North Atlantic and of North- Western Europe. Part 11., Sections II. to IV.: Myodocopa, Cladocopa, and Platicopa. The Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society, Series 2, 5, 621 - 784." type="journal article" year="1896">Brady &amp; Norman (1896)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFF27F93363BB2F94" author="Vavra" box="[239,392,1669,1694]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Vavra, V. (1906) Die Ostracoden (Halocypriden und Cypridiniden) der Plankton-Expedition. In: Hensen, V. (Ed.), Ergebnisse der Plankton-Expedition der Humboldt-Stiftung. Band II. G. g. Lipsius &amp; Tischer, Kiel &amp; Leipzig, pp. 1 - 76." type="book chapter" year="1906">Vávra (1906)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFE5CF930606E2F94" author="Skogsberg" box="[404,605,1669,1694]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Skogsberg, T. (1920) Studies on marine ostracods. Pt. 1 (Cypridinids, Halocyprids and Polycopids). Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala, 1 (Supplement), 1 - 784." type="journal article" year="1920">Skogsberg (1920)</bibRefCitation>
, Sars (1922) and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFCE9F93061FC2F94" author="Poulsen" box="[801,975,1669,1694]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Poulsen, E. M. (1973) Ostracoda-Myodocopa. Part III. B. Halocypriformes-Halocypridae, Conchoecinae. Dana-Report, 84, 1 - 224." type="journal article" year="1973">Poulsen (1973)</bibRefCitation>
. A list of distinguishing characteristics is given in 
<tableCitation id="C6F8032D3B58F82FFF36F91C63662FC8" box="[254,341,1705,1730]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="21.[125,206,530,551]" captionTargetBox="[125,1670,585,860]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparison of characteristics of Boroecia borealis in previous descriptions and present paper (Central Arctic)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF05661E3B59F82EFFB5FDA7672B2B2D" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" tableUuid="DF05661E3B59F82EFFB5FDA7672B2B2D">Table 3</tableCitation>
. Since this species is morphologically quite similar to 
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B58F82FFC06F91F66632FCB" box="[974,1104,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B58F82FFC06F91F667F2FCB" box="[974,1100,1706,1729]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">B. maxima</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
we provide a comparison of characteristics between these species (
<tableCitation id="C6F8032D3B58F82FFD8BF97860BD2FEC" box="[579,654,1741,1766]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="32.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 4. Comparison of characteristics between Boroecia maxima and B. borealis from the Central Arctic." pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Tab. 4</tableCitation>
). Beside the records mentioned above, this species was reported from the 
<collectingCountry id="F36D76063B58F82FFF0BF94463352E00" box="[195,262,1777,1802]" name="China" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">China</collectingCountry>
Seas (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFE9BF94460172E00" author="Chen" box="[339,548,1777,1802]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Chen, R. &amp; Lin, J. (1995) Pelagic Ostracoda in China Seas. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 134 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1995">Chen &amp; Lin 1995</bibRefCitation>
), which seems very doubtful considering the distribution mentioned by other authors. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B58F82FFF31F8A363462E27" box="[249,373,1813,1837]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Conchoecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B58F82FFF31F8A363462E27" box="[249,373,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">B. borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found from -1.66° to 17.7° C and from 32.7‰ to 35.14‰ (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFB91F8A066DE2E24" author="Fowler" box="[1113,1261,1813,1838]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Fowler, G. H. (1903) Contribution to our Knowledge of the Plankton of the Faeroe Channel VIII. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1903, 117 - 133." type="proceedings paper" year="1903">Fowler 1903</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFB33F8A067A42E24" author="Virketis" box="[1275,1431,1813,1838]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Virketis, M. A. (1957) Some data about zooplankton of the Central Arctic Basin. I. Materialy nabljudeny reifujushey stantii 1954 / 1955. Morskoj Transport, 1957, 342 pp. [Leningrad, in Russian]" type="book" year="1957">Virketis 1957</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFF5FF88F631D2E58" author="Deevey" box="[151,302,1849,1874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Deevey, G. B. (1968) Pelagic ostracods of the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, 26, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1968">Deevey 1968</bibRefCitation>
; Angel &amp; Fasham 1975; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFD8FF88C61052E58" author="Shih" box="[583,822,1849,1874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Shih, C. T. &amp; Laubitz, D. R. (1978) Zooplankton Distribution in the Eastern Beaufort Sea and the Northwest Passage. Astarte, 11, 45 - 54." type="journal article" year="1978">Shih &amp; Laubitz 1978</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFC8AF88C61E42E58" author="Angel" box="[834,983,1849,1874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Angel, M. V. (1979 b) Studies on Atlantic halocyprid ostracods: their vertical distributions and community structure in the central gyre region along latitude 30 º N from off Africa to Bermuda. Progress in Oceanography, 8, 3 - 124. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0079 - 6611 (79) 90009 - 0" type="journal article" year="1979" yearSuffix="b">Angel 1979b</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B58F82FFC2AF88C671B2E58" author="Bashmanov" box="[994,1320,1849,1874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Bashmanov, A. G. &amp; Chavtur, V. G. (2008) Distribution of Boroecia borealis (Ostracoda: Halocyprididae) in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent waters of the Atlantic. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 34, 341 - 350. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1134 / S 1063074008060011" type="journal article" year="2008">Bashmanov &amp; Chavtur 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF05661E3B59F82EFFB5FDA7672B2B2D" ID-Table-UUID="DF05661E3B59F82EFFB5FDA7672B2B2D" box="[125,1304,529,551]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF05661E3B59F82EFFB5FDA7672B2B2D" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" targetBox="[125,1670,585,860]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="8BC536963B59F82EFFB5FDA7672B2B2D" blockId="21.[125,1304,529,551]" box="[125,1304,529,551]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B59F82EFFB5FDA762D32B2D" bold="true" box="[125,224,530,551]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">TABLE 3</emphasis>
. Comparison of characteristics of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B59F82EFDE2FDA760E42B2D" box="[554,727,529,551]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B59F82EFDE2FDA760E42B2D" box="[554,727,529,551]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">Boroecia borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in previous descriptions and present paper (Central Arctic).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B59F82EFFB5FDFC64552A56" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<table id="F97AC4363B5907C4FFB5FDFC64B52A56" box="[125,1670,585,860]" gridcols="4" gridrows="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<tr id="354A34D43B5907C4FFB5FDFC64B52B9A" box="[125,1670,585,656]" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<th id="769B5DA83B5907C4FFB5FDFC637B2B9A" box="[125,328,585,656]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
Characteristics 
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B59F82EFFB5FDC862EF2B9A" bold="true" box="[125,220,637,656]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">Carapace:</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="769B5DA83B5907C4FE3BFDFC607D2B9A" box="[499,590,585,656]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">Skogsberg 1920</th>
<th id="769B5DA83B5907C4FCCCFDFC67B32B9A" box="[772,1408,585,656]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">Vavra 1906 Poulsen1973 Sars Brady &amp; Norman 1866 1896</th>
<th id="769B5DA83B5907C4F9E7FDFC64B52B9A" box="[1583,1670,585,656]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">Present paper</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354A34D43B5907C4FFB5FD2864B52BDE" box="[125,1670,669,724]" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<th id="769B5DA83B5907C4FFB5FD28637B2BDE" box="[125,328,669,724]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">length of male (mm) length of female (mm)</th>
<td id="769B5DA83B5907C4FE3BFD28607D2BDE" box="[499,590,669,724]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">2.1–2.3 2.5–2.9</td>
<td id="769B5DA83B5907C4FCCCFD2867B32BDE" box="[772,1408,669,724]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">2.35 1.8–2.6 2.3 2.9 2.0–2.3 2.8 3.0</td>
<td id="769B5DA83B5907C4F9E7FD2864B52BDE" box="[1583,1670,669,724]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">2.25–2.43 2.65–2.94</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354A34D43B5907C4FFB5FD5764B52BFC" box="[125,1670,738,758]" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<th id="769B5DA83B5907C4FFB5FD57637B2BFC" box="[125,328,738,758]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">length: height (male)</th>
<td id="769B5DA83B5907C4FE3BFD57607D2BFC" box="[499,590,738,758]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">2.3: 1</td>
<td id="769B5DA83B5907C4FCCCFD5767B32BFC" box="[772,1408,738,758]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">2.8: 1</td>
<td id="769B5DA83B5907C4F9E7FD5764B52BFC" box="[1583,1670,738,758]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">2.5: 1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354A34D43B5907C4FFB5FCB164B52A12" box="[125,1670,772,792]" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="769B5DA83B5907C4FFB5FCB1637B2A12" box="[125,328,772,792]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">length: height (female)</th>
<td id="769B5DA83B5907C4F9E7FCB164B52A12" box="[1583,1670,772,792]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">2.1: 1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354A34D43B5907C4FFB5FC9364B52A30" box="[125,1670,806,826]" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<th id="769B5DA83B5907C4FFB5FC93637B2A30" box="[125,328,806,826]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">length: width (male)</th>
<td id="769B5DA83B5907C4FE3BFC93607D2A30" box="[499,590,806,826]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">2.8: 1</td>
<td id="769B5DA83B5907C4FCCCFC9367B32A30" box="[772,1408,806,826]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">2.2: 1</td>
<td id="769B5DA83B5907C4F9E7FC9364B52A30" box="[1583,1670,806,826]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">2.6: 1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354A34D43B5907C4FFB5FCFD64B52A56" box="[125,1670,840,860]" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<th id="769B5DA83B5907C4FFB5FCFD637B2A56" box="[125,328,840,860]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">length: width (female)</th>
<td id="769B5DA83B5907C4FE3BFCFD607D2A56" box="[499,590,840,860]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">2.5: 1</td>
<td id="769B5DA83B5907C4FCCCFCFD67B32A56" box="[772,1408,840,860]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">2.7: 1 3.1: 1</td>
<td id="769B5DA83B5907C4F9E7FCFD64B52A56" box="[1583,1670,840,860]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">2.6: 1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B59F82EFFB5FCCF63922A84" blockId="21.[125,1594,890,993]" box="[125,417,890,910]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">number of postero-dorsal teeth on</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B59F82EFFB5FC2662882AAD" blockId="21.[125,1594,890,993]" box="[125,187,915,935]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">valves:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B59F82EFF70FC1E66622C49" blockId="21.[125,1594,890,993]" lastBlockId="21.[125,1824,1302,1406]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">-left (male) 4 (?) 3 4 -right (male) 3 2 4 number of distal spines some on anterior side 6 spines on 5–6 spines on posterior side - on b-seta (male) posterior side</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B59F82EFF70FC45631E2D42" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<table id="F97AC4363B5907C4FFB5FC45652F2D42" box="[125,1820,1008,1096]" gridcols="4" gridrows="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<tr id="354A34D43B5907C4FFB5FC45652F2D0E" box="[125,1820,1008,1028]" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<th id="769B5DA83B5907C4FFB5FC4563042D0E" box="[125,311,1008,1028]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">-left (female)</th>
<th id="769B5DA83B5907C4FCCCFC4561232D0E" box="[772,784,1008,1028]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">3</th>
<th id="769B5DA83B5907C4FB5AFC4566C72D0E" box="[1170,1268,1008,1028]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">4–5 4</th>
<th id="769B5DA83B5907C4F9E6FC45652F2D0E" box="[1582,1820,1008,1028]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">4</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354A34D43B5907C4FFB5FBA7652F2D2C" box="[125,1820,1042,1062]" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<th id="769B5DA83B5907C4FFB5FBA763042D2C" box="[125,311,1042,1062]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">-right (female)</th>
<td id="769B5DA83B5907C4FCCCFBA761232D2C" box="[772,784,1042,1062]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">3</td>
<td id="769B5DA83B5907C4FB5AFBA766C72D2C" box="[1170,1268,1042,1062]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">4–5 4</td>
<td id="769B5DA83B5907C4F9E6FBA7652F2D2C" box="[1582,1820,1042,1062]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354A34D43B5907C4FFB5FB80652F2D42" box="[125,1820,1077,1096]" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="769B5DA83B5907C4FFB5FB8063042D42" box="[125,311,1077,1096]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">Rod-shaped organ:</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B59F82EFFB5FBE363332C02" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<table id="F97AC4363B5907C4FFB5FBE7657C2C02" box="[125,1871,1106,1288]" gridcols="4" gridrows="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<tr id="354A34D43B5907C4FFB5FBE7657C2D89" box="[125,1871,1106,1155]" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<th id="769B5DA83B5907C4FFB5FBE763992D89" box="[125,426,1106,1155]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">capitulum</th>
<th id="769B5DA83B5907C4FE3CFBE7613C2D89" box="[500,783,1106,1155]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">shorter than 1st segment of 1st antenna</th>
<th id="769B5DA83B5907C4FB21FBE767DE2D89" box="[1257,1517,1106,1155]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">shorter than 1st segment of 1st antenna</th>
<th id="769B5DA83B5907C4F9E6FBE7657C2D89" box="[1582,1871,1106,1155]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">as long as 1st segment of 1st antenna</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354A34D43B5907C4FFB5FB15657C2DEC" box="[125,1871,1184,1254]" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<th id="769B5DA83B5907C4FFB5FB1563992DEC" box="[125,426,1184,1254]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">shaft (female) number of shaft segments (female)</th>
<td id="769B5DA83B5907C4FE3CFB15613C2DEC" box="[500,783,1184,1254]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">not extends beyond end of terminal end of 1st antenna 2</td>
<td id="769B5DA83B5907C4FB21FB1567DE2DEC" box="[1257,1517,1184,1254]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">1</td>
<td id="769B5DA83B5907C4F9E6FB15657C2DEC" box="[1582,1871,1184,1254]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">somewhat extends beyond end of terminal end of 1st antenna 1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354A34D43B5907C4FFB5FB40657C2C02" box="[125,1871,1269,1288]" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="769B5DA83B5907C4FFB5FB4063992C02" box="[125,426,1269,1288]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">First antenna:</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B59F82EFF60FAFC64562C74" blockId="21.[125,1824,1302,1406]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">- on d-seta (male) about 25 about 60 about 20 - on e-seta (male) 50–55 50 50–55 53–56</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B59F82EFFB5FA2965732CA5" blockId="21.[125,1861,1436,1530]" box="[125,1856,1436,1456]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">length of row of spines on e-seta (male) more than twice as long as more than twice as more than 1.5 as long as pad on</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B59F82EFE3CFA0164502CC2" blockId="21.[125,1861,1436,1530]" box="[500,1635,1460,1480]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">pad on b-seta long as pad on b-seta b-seta</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B59F82EFFB5FA7865762CEB" blockId="21.[125,1861,1436,1530]" box="[125,1861,1485,1505]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">length a-seta (male) about 1.5 length of c-seta; about 1.2 length of c-seta; about</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B59F82EFB21FA5364D32CF0" blockId="21.[125,1861,1436,1530]" box="[1257,1760,1510,1530]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">about 40% length of e-seta 35% length of e-seta</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B59F82EFFB5F9AD65212F4E" blockId="21.[125,1837,1560,1604]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">length b-seta (male) as long as d-seta or somewhat somewhat longer than d-seta; more; about 70% length of e-seta more 80% length of e-seta</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B59F82DF98AF9D663772B6F" blockId="21.[1602,1873,1635,1655]" lastBlockId="22.[119,1851,593,773]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B59F82EF98AF9D665622F7D" box="[1602,1873,1635,1655]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">……continued on the next page</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5AF82DFFBFFDE462E22B6E" bold="true" box="[119,209,593,612]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
<tableCitation id="C6F8032D3B5AF82DFFBFFDE462E22B6E" box="[119,209,593,612]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="21.[125,206,530,551]" captionTargetBox="[125,1670,585,860]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparison of characteristics of Boroecia borealis in previous descriptions and present paper (Central Arctic)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF05661E3B59F82EFFB5FDA7672B2B2D" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" tableUuid="DF05661E3B59F82EFFB5FDA7672B2B2D">TABLE 3</tableCitation>
</emphasis>
. (Continued)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5AF82DFFBFFDC1645A2B82" blockId="22.[119,1851,593,773]" box="[119,1641,628,648]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
Characteristics Skogsberg 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B5AF82DFD37FDC061572B82" author="Vavra" box="[767,868,628,648]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" refString="Vavra, V. (1906) Die Ostracoden (Halocypriden und Cypridiniden) der Plankton-Expedition. In: Hensen, V. (Ed.), Ergebnisse der Plankton-Expedition der Humboldt-Stiftung. Band II. G. g. Lipsius &amp; Tischer, Kiel &amp; Leipzig, pp. 1 - 76." type="book chapter" year="1906">Vavra 1906</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B5AF82DFC1EFDC166742B82" author="Poulsen" box="[982,1095,628,648]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" refString="Poulsen, E. M. (1973) Ostracoda-Myodocopa. Part III. B. Halocypriformes-Halocypridae, Conchoecinae. Dana-Report, 84, 1 - 224." type="journal article" year="1973">Poulsen1973</bibRefCitation>
Sars Brady &amp; Norman Present
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5AF82DFE26FD38646A2BAA" blockId="22.[119,1851,593,773]" box="[494,1625,653,673]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">1920 1866 1896 paper</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5AF82DFFBFFD1265242BB1" blockId="22.[119,1851,593,773]" box="[119,1815,679,699]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">length c-seta (male) about 25% length of e-seta; as about 30% length of e-seta;</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5AF82DFB2CFD7562D82A0F" blockId="22.[119,1851,593,773]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">long as 2nd segment of limb longer than 2nd segment of limb length of part e-seta distally paired about 40% length of this seta about 30% length of this seta spines (male)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5AF82DFFBFFC96671E2A81" blockId="22.[119,1843,803,907]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">length of dorsal seta (female) about 80% length of limb as long as limb length of sensory setae (female) about 80% length of limb; more than 90% length of limb; somewhat more than 30% length about 50% length of e-seta of e-seta</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5AF82DFFBFFC1D63232AD5" blockId="22.[119,1834,936,1049]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
Length of e-seta (female) about twice as long as limb about 2.5 times as long as limb about twice as long as limb 
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5AF82DFFBFFC7963232AD5" bold="true" box="[119,272,972,991]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Second antenna:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5AF82DFFBFFC5865192D0B" blockId="22.[119,1834,936,1049]" box="[119,1834,1005,1025]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">proximal part hook on right limb (male) with 2 verrucae and one thin only with 2 verrucae only with 2 with one verruca and one thin</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5AF82DFE26FBB064642D13" blockId="22.[119,1834,936,1049]" box="[494,1623,1029,1049]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">spine verrucae spine</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5AF82DFFBFFB8264472C37" lastBlockId="22.[119,1652,1288,1592]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
<table id="F97AC4363B5A07C4FFBFFB82650F2C65" box="[119,1852,1079,1391]" gridcols="3" gridrows="4" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
<tr id="354A34D43B5A07C4FFBFFB82650F2D67" box="[119,1852,1079,1133]" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
<th id="769B5DA83B5A07C4FFBFFB8260E82D67" box="[119,731,1079,1133]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">terminal part of right and left hooks with one spine length of f-seta (female)</th>
<th id="769B5DA83B5A07C4FC1EFB8266662D67" box="[982,1109,1079,1133]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">with one spine</th>
<th id="769B5DA83B5A07C4FB2CFB82650F2D67" box="[1252,1852,1079,1133]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">with two spines about 65% length of g-seta about 70% length of g-seta</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354A34D43B5A07C4FFBFFB32650F2DB2" box="[119,1852,1159,1208]" gridrow="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="769B5DA83B5A07C4FFBFFB3260E82DB2" box="[119,731,1159,1208]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">length of 1st exopodite segment about half of total length of (female) 2nd–8th segments</th>
<td id="769B5DA83B5A07C4FB2CFB32650F2DB2" box="[1252,1852,1159,1208]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">about 1/4–1/3 of total length of 2nd–8th segments</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354A34D43B5A07C4FFBFFB60650F2DE3" box="[119,1852,1237,1257]" gridrow="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="769B5DA83B5A07C4FFBFFB6060E82DE3" box="[119,731,1237,1257]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">length of h-seta and j-seta (male)</th>
<td id="769B5DA83B5A07C4FB2CFB60650F2DE3" box="[1252,1852,1237,1257]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">about 45% length of e-seta about 55% length of e-seta</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354A34D43B5A07C4FFBFFABD650F2C65" box="[119,1852,1288,1391]" gridrow="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="769B5DA83B5A07C4FFBFFABD60E82C65" box="[119,731,1288,1391]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5AF82DFFBFFABD62E42C11" bold="true" box="[119,215,1288,1307]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Mandible:</emphasis>
number teeth on cutting edge and flaps 8–12 and 4–6 of coxale segment (male) 
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5AF82DFFBFFAE962F62C65" bold="true" box="[119,197,1372,1391]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Maxilla:</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="769B5DA83B5A07C4FB2CFABD650F2C65" box="[1252,1852,1288,1391]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">10 and 4</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5AF82DFFBFFAC8647A2F32" blockId="22.[119,1652,1288,1592]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
<table id="F97AC4363B5A07C4FFBFFAC864472F32" box="[119,1652,1405,1592]" gridcols="3" gridrows="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
<tr id="354A34D43B5A07C4FFBFFAC864472CC9" box="[119,1652,1405,1475]" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
<th id="769B5DA83B5A07C4FFBFFAC863F62CC9" box="[119,453,1405,1475]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
number of setae armed with secondary bristles on precoxale segment (male) 
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5AF82DFFBFFA0562E82CC9" bold="true" box="[119,219,1456,1475]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Fifth limb:</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="769B5DA83B5A07C4FE26FAC8603D2CC9" box="[494,526,1405,1475]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">3</th>
<th id="769B5DA83B5A07C4F9E1FAC864472CC9" box="[1577,1652,1405,1475]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">2</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354A34D43B5A07C4FFBFFA6464472F1C" box="[119,1652,1489,1558]" gridrow="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
<th id="769B5DA83B5A07C4FFBFFA6463F62F1C" box="[119,453,1489,1558]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
Number of plumose setae on inner margin of basale (female) 
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5AF82DFFBFF9B663622F1C" bold="true" box="[119,337,1539,1558]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Copulatory appendage:</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="769B5DA83B5A07C4FE26FA64603D2F1C" box="[494,526,1489,1558]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">1</td>
<td id="769B5DA83B5A07C4F9E1FA6464472F1C" box="[1577,1652,1489,1558]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354A34D43B5A07C4FFBFF99164472F32" box="[119,1652,1572,1592]" gridrow="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
<th id="769B5DA83B5A07C4FFBFF99163F62F32" box="[119,453,1572,1592]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">number of muscle bands</th>
<td id="769B5DA83B5A07C4FE26F991603D2F32" box="[494,526,1572,1592]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">6–9</td>
<td id="769B5DA83B5A07C4F9E1F99164472F32" box="[1577,1652,1572,1592]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">6–7</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B5BF82CFF5FF8E862DE2EF8" blockId="23.[151,1436,1884,2034]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5BF82CFF5FF8E863292E78" bold="true" box="[151,282,1885,1907]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">FIGURE 12</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B5BF82CFEE1F8EB63EC2E78" box="[297,479,1884,1907]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B5BF82CFEE1F8EB63EC2E78" box="[297,479,1884,1907]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Boroecia borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Male: A–C, IBM 2832; D, E, G, M, IBM 2831; F, H–L, 2834). A, lateral view of the right valve; B, ventral view of the valves; C, posterior view of the valves; D, E, posterior margin of the right and left valves; F, arming of the b-seta; G, distal part of the Rod-shaped organ and 1st antenna; H, I, 1st antenna; J, arming of the e-seta; K, Rodshaped organ (black blob at the capitulum is probably sclerite); L, distal part of the d-seta; M, endopodite of the right 2nd antenna.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B54F823FF5FF82F617A2EFA" blockId="24.[151,1435,1943,2032]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B54F823FF5FF82F632F2EA5" bold="true" box="[151,284,1946,1968]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">FIGURE 13</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B54F823FEE5F82E63D62EBA" box="[301,485,1946,1968]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B54F823FEE5F82E63D62EBA" box="[301,485,1946,1968]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Boroecia borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Male: A, D, IMB 2834; C, F, IBM 2831; B, E, G–J, IBM 2833). A, 2nd antenna; B, C, exopodite and endopodite of the right 2nd antenna; D–F, clasping organ of the right 2nd antenna; G, clasping organ of the left 2nd antenna; H, mandible; I, J, exopodite and epipodite of the mandible.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF05661E3B55F822FF5FF82266AE2EE0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244923/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1920]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="8BC536963B55F822FF5FF82266AE2EE0" blockId="25.[151,1436,1943,2026]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B55F822FF5FF82263292EA6" bold="true" box="[151,282,1943,1965]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">FIGURE 14</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B55F822FEE0F82C63EE2EA7" box="[296,477,1943,1966]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B55F822FEE0F82C63EE2EA7" box="[296,477,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Boroecia borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Male: A–E, G, IBM 2833; F, H, IBM 2834). A, mandible (seta not shown); B, cutting edge, distal and proximal tooth-lists and masticatory pad of the coxale on the mandible; C, D, basal endite of the mandible; E, basale and endopodite of the maxilla; F, endopodite of the maxilla; G, distal part of the maxilla; H, upper lip.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF05661E3B56F821FF5FF82260782EC6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244924/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" targetBox="[151,1436,194,1920]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph id="8BC536963B56F821FF5FF82260782EC6" blockId="26.[151,1435,1943,1996]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B56F821FF5FF82263292EA6" bold="true" box="[151,282,1943,1965]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">FIGURE 15</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B56F821FEE0F82C63ED2EA7" box="[296,478,1943,1966]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B56F821FEE0F82C63ED2EA7" box="[296,478,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Boroecia borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Male: A–D, IBM 2833). A, fifth limb; B, C, proximal part of the right fifth limb seen from interior (B) and exterior (C); D, sixth limb.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF05661E3B57F820FF5FF82266542EC6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244925/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" targetBox="[150,1428,193,1914]" targetPageId="27">
<paragraph id="8BC536963B57F820FF5FF82266542EC6" blockId="27.[151,1435,1943,1996]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B57F820FF5FF822632A2EA6" bold="true" box="[151,281,1943,1965]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">FIGURE 16</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B57F820FEEEF82C63E92EA7" box="[294,474,1943,1966]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B57F820FEEEF82C63E92EA7" box="[294,474,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Boroecia borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Male: A–C, E, G, IBM 2833; D, F, IBM 2834). A, proximal part of the sixth limb; B, seventh limb; C, caudal furca; D, E, copulatory appendage; F, G, distal part of the copulatory appendage.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B50F827FF5FF8C261AC2EE4" blockId="28.[151,1436,1911,2030]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B50F827FF5FF8C2632A2E86" bold="true" box="[151,281,1911,1933]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">FIGURE 17</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B50F827FEEEF8CC63E92E87" box="[294,474,1911,1934]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B50F827FEEEF8CC63E92E87" box="[294,474,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Boroecia borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Female: A–C, IBM 2836; D, E, IBM 2835; F, G, IBM 2837; H–J, IBM 2840). A, lateral view of the right valve; B, ventral view of the valve; C, posterior view of the valves; D, E, posterior margin of the right and left valves; F, capitulum of the Rod-shaped organ; G, Rod-shaped organ at 1st antenna; H, 1st antenna (dorsal seta not shown) and shaft of the Rod-shaped organ; I, 2nd antenna; J, exopodite of the 2nd antenna.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B51F826FF5FF82C66C02EE6" blockId="29.[151,1436,1942,2028]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B51F826FF5FF82C632A2EA4" bold="true" box="[151,281,1945,1967]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">FIGURE 18</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B51F826FEEFF82F63E82EA5" box="[295,475,1945,1967]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B51F826FEEFF82F63E82EA5" box="[295,475,1945,1967]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Boroecia borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Female: A–E, IBM 2840; F, G, IBM 2835). A, B, endopodite of the 2nd antenna; C, mandible (setae not shown); D, epipodite, basale, exopodite and endopodite of the mandible; E, distal part of the mandible; F, basal endite and cutting edge, distal and proximal tooth-lists of the coxale on the mandible; G, distal part of maxilla.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B52F825FF5FF822610F2EC4" blockId="30.[151,1435,1943,1998]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B52F825FF5FF822632B2EA6" bold="true" box="[151,280,1943,1965]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">FIGURE 19</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B52F825FEEDF82C63EA2EA7" box="[293,473,1943,1966]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B52F825FEEDF82C63EA2EA7" box="[293,473,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Boroecia borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Female: A, D, E, IBM 2840; B, C, IBM 2835). A, basale and endopodite of the maxilla; B, C, 2nd and 3rd coxale endites of the maxilla; D, fifth limb; E, upper lip.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B53F824FF5FF82F677F2EC4" blockId="31.[151,1435,1943,1998]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B53F824FF5FF82F632E2EA5" bold="true" box="[151,285,1946,1968]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">FIGURE 20</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B53F824FEE7F82E63DB2EBA" box="[303,488,1946,1968]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B53F824FEE7F82E63DB2EBA" box="[303,488,1946,1968]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">Boroecia borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Female: A, IBM 2838; B–F, IBM 2840). A, 1st precoxale endite of the maxilla; B, C, precoxale, coxale and basale from exterior (B) and interior (C) of the right fifth limb; D, E, sixth limb; F, seventh limb.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF05661E3B6CF81BFF5FFF2D671329A5" box="[151,1312,151,175]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF5FFF2D671329A5" blockId="32.[151,1312,151,175]" box="[151,1312,151,175]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6CF81BFF5FFF2D633A29A5" bold="true" box="[151,265,152,175]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
Comparison of characteristics between 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6CF81BFD7CFF2D614329A5" box="[692,880,152,175]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6CF81BFD7CFF2D614329A5" box="[692,880,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">Boroecia maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6CF81BFC6CFF2D662B29A5" box="[932,1048,151,175]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6CF81BFC6CFF2D662B29A5" box="[932,1048,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">B. borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Central Arctic.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF57FF7E61E629EA" blockId="32.[159,1428,202,1146]" box="[159,981,202,224]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6CF81BFF57FF7E61E629EA" box="[159,981,202,224]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6CF81BFF57FF7E636229EA" box="[159,337,203,224]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">Boroecia maxima</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6CF81BFCEAFF7E61E629EA" box="[802,981,202,224]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">Boroecia borealis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C360651D3B6CF819FF57FF46604A28FF" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="185" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF57FF4661592802" blockId="32.[159,1428,202,1146]" box="[159,874,243,264]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">MALE MALE</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF57FEAE61BB283B" blockId="32.[159,1428,202,1146]" box="[159,904,283,305]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">Carapace: Carapace:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF57FE8F61DC285A" blockId="32.[159,1428,202,1146]" box="[159,1007,314,336]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">
length 
<quantity id="4C829B733B6CF81BFF29FE8F6358285A" box="[225,363,314,336]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.195" metricValueMax="3.23" metricValueMin="3.16" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="3.195" valueMax="3.23" valueMin="3.16">3.16–3.23 mm</quantity>
length 
<quantity id="4C829B733B6CF81BFCACFE8F61DC285A" box="[868,1007,314,336]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.34" metricValueMax="2.43" metricValueMin="2.25" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="2.34" valueMax="2.43" valueMin="2.25">2.25–2.43 mm</quantity>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF57FED6634F28CA" blockId="32.[159,1428,202,1146]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">shoulder vault rounded shoulder vault wing-shaped with sharp edge left valve with one tooth and right valve with 3 teeth in each valve with 4 teeth in posterior-dorsal angle posterior-dorsal angle</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF57FE6661E32B3B" blockId="32.[159,1428,202,1146]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">posterior margin slightly convex and sloping downward to posterior margin visibly convex and unsloping or barely antero-ventral side sloping downward to antero-ventral side sculpture slightly developed sculpture distinct</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF57FDF661D12B53" blockId="32.[159,1428,202,1146]" box="[159,994,579,601]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">Rod-shaped organ: Rod-shaped organ:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF57FDD1619E2BA9" blockId="32.[159,1428,202,1146]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">capitulum equal to length of second segment of 1st antenna capitulum longer than second segment of 1st antenna First antenna: First antenna:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF57FD1961A82BEB" blockId="32.[159,1428,202,1146]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">length limb about 70, 90 and 90% length of e-, b- and d-setae length limb about 60, 70 and 80% length of e-, b- and d-setae respectively respectively</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF57FD4061982A5B" blockId="32.[159,1428,202,1146]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">a-seta with large proximal tubercle a-seta with midsize or small proximal tubercle length a-seta less 50% length of limb and about 1.4 times as length a-seta more 50% length of limb and about 1.2 times as long as c-seta long as c-seta</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF57FCD1663E2A70" blockId="32.[159,1428,202,1146]" box="[159,1037,868,890]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">b-bristle with thin pad b-bristle with thick pad</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF57FC38617A2ACB" blockId="32.[159,1428,202,1146]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">c-seta shorter than second segment and somewhat more than c-seta longer than second segment and about 30% length of e- 20% length of e-seta seta</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF57FC6162D52D39" blockId="32.[159,1428,202,1146]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">d-seta with 3–4 distal spines and less 80% length of e-seta d-seta with 20 distal spines and more 80% length of e-seta e-seta with 44–50 paired spines and without anterior tubercle e-seta with 53–56 paired spines and with anterior tubercle distally distally</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF57FBF361FA2D56" blockId="32.[159,1428,202,1146]" box="[159,969,1094,1116]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">Second antenna: Second antenna:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF57FBD166D92D70" blockId="32.[159,1428,202,1146]" box="[159,1258,1124,1146]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">height of protopodite somewhat more than 40% of its length height of protopodite about 50% of its length</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF57FB19619C2C38" blockId="32.[159,1398,1196,1680]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">first exopodite segment without short distal seta first exopodite segment with short distal seta second endopodite segment with developed e-seta second endopodite segment with undeveloped e-seta base of hooks and second endopodite segment form distinct base of hooks and second endopodite segment do not form ventral corner ventral corner</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF57FAF061B82C51" blockId="32.[159,1398,1196,1680]" box="[159,907,1349,1371]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">Mandible: Mandible:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF57FAD0660B2C92" blockId="32.[159,1398,1196,1680]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">seta on exopodite about 1.75 length of distal endopodite seta on exopodite about 1.5 length of distal endopodite segment (on dorsal margin) segment (on dorsal margin)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF57FA1E619A2F03" blockId="32.[159,1398,1196,1680]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">muscle band attached to endite of basale is wide muscle band attached to endite of basale is narrow tubed bristle of endite on basale shorter than its usual tubed bristle of endite on basale equal to length of its usual posterior seta posterior seta</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF57F9AE614B2F3B" blockId="32.[159,1398,1196,1680]" box="[159,888,1563,1585]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">Maxilla: Maxilla:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF57F98F61A82F9A" blockId="32.[159,1398,1196,1680]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">length of second endopodite segment about 75% and 65% length of second endopodite segment about 90% and 80% height of 1st endopodite segment and length of main claw height of 1st endopodite segment and length of main claw respectively respectively</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF57F90F61452FE4" blockId="32.[159,1429,1718,2019]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">distal seta of 1st endopodite segment about 85% length of 2nd distal seta of 1st endopodite segment about 70% length of 2nd segment segment</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF57F8B461A72E1D" blockId="32.[159,1429,1718,2019]" box="[159,916,1793,1815]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">Sixth limb: Sixth limb:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF57F89463082E5E" blockId="32.[159,1429,1718,2019]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">setae on epipodial plate about 80% length of basale (on setae on epipodial plate as long as basale (on ventral margin) ventral margin)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF57F8D261832E77" blockId="32.[159,1429,1718,2019]" box="[159,944,1895,1917]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">Seventh limb: Seventh limb:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81BFF57F83D62ED2EB7" blockId="32.[159,1429,1718,2019]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">length of 1st exopodite segment somewhat less 3.5 times of its length of 1st exopodite segment more 5.5 times of its height height</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6CF81AFBB7F865634029B8" blockId="32.[159,1429,1718,2019]" lastBlockId="33.[159,1385,159,326]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="184" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6CF81BFBB7F86567A62EE9" box="[1151,1429,2000,2019]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">......continued on the next page</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6DF81AFF57FF2A633229B9" bold="true" box="[159,257,159,179]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
<tableCitation id="C6F8032D3B6DF81AFF57FF2A62CF29B9" box="[159,252,159,179]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="32.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 4. Comparison of characteristics between Boroecia maxima and B. borealis from the Central Arctic." pageId="33" pageNumber="184">TABLE 4</tableCitation>
.
</emphasis>
(Continued)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6DF81AFF57FF7361A1280E" blockId="33.[159,1385,159,326]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6DF81AFF57FF7361E629D1" box="[159,981,197,219]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6DF81AFF57FF73636229D1" box="[159,337,198,219]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">Boroecia maxima</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6DF81AFCEAFF7361E629D1" authority="Caudal" authorityName="Caudal" box="[802,981,197,219]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">Boroecia borealis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
Caudal lip: Caudal lip:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6DF81AFF57FEBA663B284C" blockId="33.[159,1385,159,326]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">length of limb (distance between 1st and 8th bristles) about length of limb (distance between 1st and 8th bristles) about 90% length of 2nd claw 80% length of 2nd claw</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6DF81AFF57FEC561BB28A5" blockId="33.[159,1422,365,1796]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">2nd claw less than 70% length of 1st claw 2nd claw more than 70% length of 1st claw FEMALE FEMALE</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6DF81AFF57FE7761BB28D2" blockId="33.[159,1422,365,1796]" box="[159,904,450,472]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Carapace: Carapace:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6DF81AFF57FE5461DC28FC" blockId="33.[159,1422,365,1796]" box="[159,1007,481,503]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
length 
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length 
<quantity id="4C829B733B6DF81AFCACFE5461DC28FC" box="[868,1007,481,503]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.795" metricValueMax="2.94" metricValueMin="2.65" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="2.795" valueMax="2.94" valueMin="2.65">2.65–2.94 mm</quantity>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6DF81AFF57FDBC66062B15" blockId="33.[159,1422,365,1796]" box="[159,1077,521,543]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">height about 30% of length height about 40% of length</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6DF81AFF57FD87634F2B9A" blockId="33.[159,1422,365,1796]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">shoulder vault rounded shoulder vault wing-shaped with sharp edge left valve with one tooth and right valve with 3 teeth in each valve with 4 teeth in posterior-dorsal angle posterior-dorsal angle</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6DF81AFF57FD1661E32A0A" blockId="33.[159,1422,365,1796]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">posterior margin slightly convex and sloping downward to posterior margin visibly convex and unsloping or barely antero-ventral side sloping downward to antero-ventral side sculpture slightly developed sculpture distinct</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6DF81AFF57FCA6619E2A23" blockId="33.[159,1422,365,1796]" box="[159,941,787,809]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">First antenna: First antenna:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6DF81AFF57FC8461FA2AC8" blockId="33.[159,1422,365,1796]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">length of limb about 80% length of its dorsal seta length of limb equal to length of its dorsal seta e-seta about 3 times as long as sensory setae e-seta about 2 times as long as sensory setae sensory setae about 70–80% length of limb sensory setae about 90–100% length of limb Second antenna: Second antenna:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6DF81AFF57FC7861B82D3E" blockId="33.[159,1422,365,1796]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">1st exopodite segment without short distal seta 1st exopodite segment with short distal seta length of g-seta equal to length of protopodite length of g-seta about 90% length of protopodite Mandible: Mandible:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6DF81AFF57FB8B619D2D9B" blockId="33.[159,1422,365,1796]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">seta on exopodite about twice as long as distal endopodite seta on exopodite about one and half as long as distal segment (on dorsal margin) and less 50% length of endopodite segment (on dorsal margin) and more 50% length endopodite of endopodite</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6DF81AFF57FB1161932C20" blockId="33.[159,1422,365,1796]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">muscle band attached to endite of basale is wide muscle band attached to endite of basale is narrow main terminal claw longer than endopodite main terminal claw shorter than endopodite length of longest ventral seta on basale more than the height length of longest ventral seta on basale less than the height of of this segment this segment</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6DF81AFF57FA89619A2C7B" blockId="33.[159,1422,365,1796]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">tubed seta of endite on basale shorter than its usual posterior tubed seta of endite on basale equal to length of its usual seta posterior seta</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6DF81AFF57FA31614B2C90" blockId="33.[159,1422,365,1796]" box="[159,888,1412,1434]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Maxilla: Maxilla:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6DF81AFF57FA1061522CD0" blockId="33.[159,1422,365,1796]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">longest seta of 1st endopodite segment more than 2 times its longest seta of 1st endopodite segment less than 2 times its length length</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6DF81AFF57FA5A61BC2F24" blockId="33.[159,1422,365,1796]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">1st endopodite segment with 2 distal spines 1st endopodite segment with 3 distal spines Fifth limb: Fifth limb:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6DF81AFF57F98262E12F61" blockId="33.[159,1422,365,1796]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">basale about 90% length of 1st segment and with 10 ventral basale equal to length of 1st segment and with 9 ventral setae setae</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6DF81AFF57F9CB61A72F9E" blockId="33.[159,1422,365,1796]" box="[159,916,1662,1684]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Sixth limb: Sixth limb:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6DF81AFF57F92866122FB9" blockId="33.[159,1422,365,1796]" box="[159,1057,1693,1715]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">basale with 5 ventral setae basale with 4 ventral seta</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6DF819FF57F9736710286F" blockId="33.[159,1422,365,1796]" lastBlockId="34.[151,1436,151,501]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="185" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
seta of exopodite longer than half length of basale seta of exopodite shorter than half length of basale basale about 80% length of setae on epipodial plate basale about 60–70% length of setae on epipodial plate 
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6DF81AFF0FF88A617C2E52" bold="true" box="[199,847,1855,1880]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6DF81AFE49F8F563DA2E52" box="[385,489,1856,1880]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6DF81AFE49F8F563DA2E52" bold="true" box="[385,489,1856,1880]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Boroecia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in the Central Arctic.
</emphasis>
The Arctic Basin is known to be one of the coldest regions of the World Ocean. However, by no means is the entire water column characterized by subzero temperatures. The relatively warm waters of the Gulf Stream flow via the North Atlantic Current into Norwegian and thence into the North Cape and West 
<collectingCountry id="F36D76063B6DF81AFDBDF81960CA2ECF" box="[629,761,1964,1989]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Spitsbergen</collectingCountry>
currents, advecting warm water and the elements of boreal fauna and flora into polar latitudes (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6DF81AFDF4F87A61342EE2" author="Vinogradov" box="[572,775,1999,2024]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" refString="Vinogradov, M. E. (1968) Vertikal'noe raspredelenie zooplanktona [Vertical Distribution of Zooplankton]. Nauka, Moscow, 320 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1968">Vinogradov 1968</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6DF81AFCDEF87A66372EE2" author="Meincke" box="[790,1028,1999,2024]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" refString="Meincke, J., Rudels, B. &amp; Friedrich, H. J. (1997) The Arctic Ocean - Nordic Seas thermohaline system. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 54, 283 - 299. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / jmsc. 1997.0229" type="journal article" year="1997">
Meincke 
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6DF81AFC4AF864618E2EE2" box="[898,957,2000,2024]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">et al.</emphasis>
1997
</bibRefCitation>
). In almost all areas of the Central Arctic the water column includes a warm layer of North Atlantic Waters with positive water temperatures and relatively high salinities, primarily located in depths of 
<quantity id="4C829B733B6EF819FCC8FF09614C29DE" box="[768,895,188,212]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="185" unit="m" value="550.0" valueMax="900.0" valueMin="200.0">200–900 m</quantity>
(excluding the area to the north off 
<collectingCountry id="F36D76063B6EF819FAC7FF0967A629DF" box="[1295,1429,188,213]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="34" pageNumber="185">Spitsbergen</collectingCountry>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6EF819FF56FF6A639929F2" author="Treshnikov" box="[158,426,223,248]" pageId="34" pageNumber="185" refString="Treshnikov, A. F., Nikiforov, Y. G. &amp; Blinov, N. I. (1976) Rezul'taty issledovanyi drejfujushih stancyi &quot; severnyi Poljus &quot; [Results of oceanologic researches at drifting stations &quot; North Poles &quot;]. In: Voprosy geografii, Moskow, Mysl', 101, pp. 49 - 86. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1976">
Treshnikov 
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6EF819FEE2FF54635529F2" box="[298,358,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="185">et al.</emphasis>
1976
</bibRefCitation>
) and having a thickness of 
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(Klepikov 
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6EF819FC36FF54660029F2" box="[1022,1075,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="185">et al</emphasis>
. 1985, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6EF819FB47FF6A672229F2" author="Spall" box="[1167,1297,223,248]" pageId="34" pageNumber="185" refString="Spall, M. A. (2013) On the Circulation of Atlantic Water in the Arctic Ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 43, 2352 - 2371. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1175 / JPO-D- 13 - 079.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Spall 2013</bibRefCitation>
). This layer contains the greatest species diversity of plankton (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6EF819FD15FEB161B22817" author="Brodsky" box="[733,897,260,285]" pageId="34" pageNumber="185" refString="Brodsky, K. A. (1956) Zonal'noe raspredelenie (po shirotam) Calanoida v severnoi chasti Tikhogo okeana i sopredel'nykh vodakh Referat (The zonal distribution (according to latitude) of Calanoida in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean and adjacent waters Referat). Zhurnal biologii, 1957, No. 1933. Doklady Akademia Nauk SSSR, 106 (6), 1103 - 1106." type="journal article" year="1956">Brodsky 1956</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6EF819FC46FEB166F02817" author="Brodsky" box="[910,1219,260,285]" pageId="34" pageNumber="185" refString="Brodsky, K. A. &amp; Pavshtiks, E. A. (1976) Plankton Central'nogo Arkticheskogo bassejna. Arkticheskye Drejfujushye Stancii [Plankton of the Central Arctic Basin, Arctic Drift Stations]. Arctic Drift-Ice Research Stations, Moscow, Mysl', 1976, 148 - 167. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1976">Brodsky &amp; Pavshtiks 1976</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6EF819FB18FEB167A42817" author="Vinogradov" box="[1232,1431,260,285]" pageId="34" pageNumber="185" refString="Vinogradov, M. E. (1968) Vertikal'noe raspredelenie zooplanktona [Vertical Distribution of Zooplankton]. Nauka, Moscow, 320 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1968">Vinogradov 1968</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6EF819FF5FFE92630B284A" author="Virketis" box="[151,312,295,320]" pageId="34" pageNumber="185" refString="Virketis, M. A. (1957) Some data about zooplankton of the Central Arctic Basin. I. Materialy nabljudeny reifujushey stantii 1954 / 1955. Morskoj Transport, 1957, 342 pp. [Leningrad, in Russian]" type="book" year="1957">Virketis 1957</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6EF819FE81FE9263D8284A" author="Chavtur" box="[329,491,295,320]" pageId="34" pageNumber="185" refString="Chavtur, V. G. (1978) Vidovoj sostav i osobennosti raspredelenija pelagicheskih ostracod v central'noj chasti Arkticheskogo bassejna [Species composition and especially distribution of pelagic ostracods in the Central Arctic Ocean]. Zoological Journal, 57, 1790 - 1798. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1978">Chavtur 1978</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6EF819FE35FE9D600A284A" author="Chavtur" box="[509,569,296,320]" pageId="34" pageNumber="185" refString="Chavtur, V. G. (1992) Sostav, structura i raspredelenie bentosnyh i pelagicheskih ostracod nadotrjada Myodocopa umerennyh i holodnyh vod Severnogo Polusharija [Composition, structure and distribution benthic and pelagic ostracods of the superorder Myodocopa of temperate and cold waters of the Northern Hemisphere]. Institut Biologii morija Dalnevostochnoe Otdelenie Rossyjskoj Akademii Nauk, 155, Deponent VINITI / 3016 - V 92, 20 October 1992. [unkown pagination, Vladivostok, in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
). Within this layer, water temperatures are about 2.5º C in the Eurasian subregion, 0.8º C at the North 
<collectingCountry id="F36D76063B6EF819FE24FEF96012286F" box="[492,545,332,357]" name="Poland" pageId="34" pageNumber="185">Pole</collectingCountry>
, but only 0.4º C in the American subregion (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6EF819FBDCFEF96724286F" author="Treshnikov" box="[1044,1303,332,357]" pageId="34" pageNumber="185" refString="Treshnikov, A. F., Nikiforov, Y. G. &amp; Blinov, N. I. (1976) Rezul'taty issledovanyi drejfujushih stancyi &quot; severnyi Poljus &quot; [Results of oceanologic researches at drifting stations &quot; North Poles &quot;]. In: Voprosy geografii, Moskow, Mysl', 101, pp. 49 - 86. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1976">
Treshnikov 
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6EF819FB54FEF866E7286E" box="[1180,1236,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="185">et al.</emphasis>
1976
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6EF819FF0FFEDA604A28FF" blockId="34.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="34" pageNumber="185">
Understanding distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6EF819FDD1FEDA604D2882" box="[537,638,367,392]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="34" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Boroecia</taxonomicName>
species in these waters is problematic. The species are rather similar in appearance and most authors have not given adequate morphological information about the species they were reporting on. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6EF819FEE7FE0D63C528C5" box="[303,502,440,463]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="34" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6EF819FEE7FE0D63C528C5" box="[303,502,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="185">Boroecia maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6EF819FDE4FE0C609428DA" box="[556,679,440,464]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="34" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6EF819FDE4FE0C609428DA" box="[556,679,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="185">B. borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
often occur at the same locality and have thus often been confused and even treated as being identical species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF05661E3B6EF819FF5FF83B67682EEB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244926/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="185" targetBox="[168,1422,553,1912]" targetPageId="34">
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6EF819FF5FF83B67682EEB" blockId="34.[151,1436,1934,2017]" pageId="34" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6EF819FF5FF83B63282EA9" bold="true" box="[151,283,1934,1956]" pageId="34" pageNumber="185">FIGURE 21</emphasis>
. Map showing locations of stations containing pelagic ostracods of 
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6EF819FC29F83A66AD2EAE" box="[993,1182,1934,1956]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="185">
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6EF819FC29F83A66A92EAE" box="[993,1178,1934,1956]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="34" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">Boroecia borealis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the limits of the natural habitat of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6EF819FECBF81B63412EC9" box="[259,370,1966,1987]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="34" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6EF819FECBF81B63412EC9" box="[259,370,1966,1987]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="185">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are indicated by bold lines. The area between bold and dashed lines is the zone of expulsion for this species. Stations taken by the Russian expedition are shown as circles, and stations from literature are given as triangles.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF05661E3B6FF818FF5FFB2F606B2DC5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244927/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="186" targetBox="[380,1209,203,1145]" targetPageId="35">
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6FF818FF5FFB2F606B2DC5" blockId="35.[151,1436,1178,1231]" pageId="35" pageNumber="186">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6FF818FF5FFB2F632D2DA5" bold="true" box="[151,286,1178,1200]" pageId="35" pageNumber="186">FIGURE 22</emphasis>
. Map showing Bathymetry of the Arctic Ocean. http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/image/IBCAO_betamap.jpg (accessed 07.August 2015) (public domain).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF05661E3B6FF818FF5FF8D160462EBD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244928/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="186" targetBox="[221,1361,1291,1854]" targetPageId="35">
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6FF818FF5FF8D160462EBD" blockId="35.[151,1436,1892,1975]" pageId="35" pageNumber="186">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6FF818FF5FF8D163122E73" bold="true" box="[151,289,1892,1914]" pageId="35" pageNumber="186">FIGURE 23.</emphasis>
Cross section through the Nordic Sea and the Arctic ocean showing the surface circulation and salinity pattern (http://www.geomar.de/typo3temp/pics/pm_2012_62_Arctic-Halocline_HBauch_bb3c5a5868.jpg; permission to print granted by Henning Bauch) (accessed 07.August 2015)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C360651D3B68F81FFF0FFF2261872BFA" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC536963B68F81FFF0FFF22633D2B37" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B68F81FFF0FFF22605129BA" bold="true" box="[199,610,151,176]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B68F81FFE41FF2D606929BA" box="[393,602,152,176]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B68F81FFE41FF2D606929BA" bold="true" box="[393,602,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Boroecia maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B68F81FFDA6FF2D610A29A5" box="[622,825,152,175]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B68F81FFDA6FF2D610A29A5" box="[622,825,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Boroecia maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the most abundant species of halocyprids in the mesoplankton of the Arctic Ocean and its adjacent cold waters (often contributing 70–90% of total halocyprid populations). It inhabits the entire Central Arctic (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFD0BFF6A66D929F2" box="[707,1258,223,248]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Brodsky, K. A. &amp; Nikitin, M. M. (1955) Hidrobiologichesky raboty [Hydrobiological works]. Materialy nabljudenyi nauchnoissledovateljskoj drejfujushey stancii 1950 / 1951 g. L. Morskoj transport, 1955, pp. 1 - 464. [in Russian]" type="journal article">Brodsky &amp; Nikitin 1955 (recorded as Ostracoda)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFB3CFF5567A429F2" author="Bogorov" box="[1268,1431,223,248]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Bogorov, V. G. (1946) Zooplankton in collections of the I / S &quot; G. Sedov &quot;. In: Trudy dreifujushey expeditii Glavmorsevputi na ledokol'nom parahode v 1937 - 1940, 1946, pp. 336 - 370. [Moskva, Leningrad, in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1946">Bogorov 1946</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFF5FFEB1630B2817" author="Virketis" box="[151,312,260,285]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Virketis, M. A. (1957) Some data about zooplankton of the Central Arctic Basin. I. Materialy nabljudeny reifujushey stantii 1954 / 1955. Morskoj Transport, 1957, 342 pp. [Leningrad, in Russian]" type="book" year="1957">Virketis 1957</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFE81FEB163B72817" author="Virketis" box="[329,388,260,285]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Virketis, M. A. (1959) Materials on zooplankton of the Central Arctic Basin. In: Rezul'taty nauchno-issledovatel'skih rabot dreifujushey stantii 1954 / 1955. Morskoj Transport, 1959, pp. 133 - 338. [Leningrad, in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1959">1959</bibRefCitation>
; Melnikov 1980 (recorded as 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B68F81FFD3AFEB161452817" box="[754,886,260,285]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Conchoecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Conchoecia</taxonomicName>
sp.); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFC09FEB166CC2816" author="Melnikov" box="[961,1279,260,285]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Meljnikov, I. A. &amp; Kulikov, A. C. (1980) In: Kryopelagicheskaja fauna Central'nogo Arkticheskogo bassejna [Kryopelagical fauna of the Central Arctic Basin]. Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moscow, pp. 97 - 110. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1980">Melnikov &amp; Kulikov 1980</bibRefCitation>
(recorded as 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B68F81FFF5FFE926328284A" box="[151,283,295,320]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Conchoecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Conchoecia</taxonomicName>
sp.); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFE94FE9D63FC284A" author="Sars" box="[348,463,296,320]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Sars, G. O. (1900) V. Crustacea. In: Nansen, F. (Ed.), The Norwegian North-Polar Expedition 1893 - 1896. Scientific Results. Fridtjof Nansen Fund For The Advancement Of Science, pp. 1 - 141." type="book chapter" year="1900">Sars 1900</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFE14FE926058284A" author="Muller" box="[476,619,295,320]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Muller, G. W. (1931) Die Ostracoden des arktischen Gebietes. Fauna Arctica, 6, 23 - 32." type="journal article" year="1931">Müller 1931</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFDB0FE92612C284A" author="Grainger" box="[632,799,295,320]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Grainger, E. H. (1965) Zooplankton from the Arctic Ocean and Adjacent Canadian Waters. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 22, 543 - 564. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 65 - 049" type="journal article" year="1965">Grainger 1965</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFCE3FE9D6185284A" author="Leung" box="[811,950,296,320]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Leung, Y. M. (1972) Ostracods of the Central Arctic Ocean. In: Kobayashi, H. (Ed.), Taxonomic guides to Arctic zooplankton (VI). University of Southern California Department Biological Science, Technical Report 2, pp. 29 - 40." type="book chapter" year="1972">Leung 1972</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFC0AFE9D61CE284A" author="Leung" box="[962,1021,296,320]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Leung, Y. M. (1973) On the ostracod fauna of the Arctic Basin. In: Fernandes, H. R. (Ed.), Final report on drift station biology: zooplankton taxonomy and sorting programs. University of Southern California Department Biological Science, Los Angeles, 10 - 11." type="book chapter" year="1973">1973</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFBC2FE926694284A" author="Chavtur" box="[1034,1191,295,320]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Chavtur, V. G. (1978) Vidovoj sostav i osobennosti raspredelenija pelagicheskih ostracod v central'noj chasti Arkticheskogo bassejna [Species composition and especially distribution of pelagic ostracods in the Central Arctic Ocean]. Zoological Journal, 57, 1790 - 1798. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1978">Chavtur 1978</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFB7BFE9D66DD284A" author="Chavtur" box="[1203,1262,296,320]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Chavtur, V. G. (1992) Sostav, structura i raspredelenie bentosnyh i pelagicheskih ostracod nadotrjada Myodocopa umerennyh i holodnyh vod Severnogo Polusharija [Composition, structure and distribution benthic and pelagic ostracods of the superorder Myodocopa of temperate and cold waters of the Northern Hemisphere]. Institut Biologii morija Dalnevostochnoe Otdelenie Rossyjskoj Akademii Nauk, 155, Deponent VINITI / 3016 - V 92, 20 October 1992. [unkown pagination, Vladivostok, in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFB32FE9D6706284A" author="Chavtur" box="[1274,1333,296,320]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Chavtur, V. G. (2001) List of species of free-living invertebrates of Eurasian Arctic Seas and adjacent deep waters. Explorations of the fauna of the seas, 51, 98 - 99. [St-Petersburg]" type="journal article" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFA8AFE92634A286F" author="Chavtur" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Chavtur, V. G. &amp; Bashmanov, A. G. (2005) Istorija i sostojanie izuchennosti pelagicheskyh ostracod Severnogo Ledovitogo okeana [History and state of knowledge of pelagic ostracods (Ostracoda-Myodocopa) of the Arctic Ocean]. Izvestiya TINRO, 143, 249 - 263. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="2005">Chavtur &amp; Bashmanov 2005</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFE4CFEF96026286E" author="Angel" box="[388,533,332,357]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Angel, M. V. (1979 a) Zoogeography of the Atlantic Ocean. In: Van der Spoel S. &amp;, Pierrot-Bults, A. C. (Eds.), Zoogeography and Diversity in Plankton. Bunge Scientific Publications, Utrecht, pp. 168 - 190." type="book chapter" year="1979" yearSuffix="a">Angel 1979a</bibRefCitation>
) from the surface to 2000 (3900) m depth. (
<figureCitation id="13412A133B68F81FFC32FEF9667F286E" box="[1018,1100,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[168,1422,553,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[164,1423,553,1912]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Map showing locations of stations containing pelagic ostracods of Boroecia maxima, the limits of the natural habitat of B. maxima are indicated by bold lines. The area between bold and dashed lines is the zone of expulsion for this species. Stations taken by the Russian expedition are shown as circles, and stations from literature are given as triangles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244922/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). North of 84–85º N, only one other deep-sea species, 
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B68F81FFE63FEC560BA288D" box="[427,649,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B68F81FFE63FEC560B6288D" box="[427,645,368,391]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Proceroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitjazi">Proceroecia vitjazi</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
co-occurs with 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B68F81FFC80FEC461F7288D" box="[840,964,368,392]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B68F81FFC80FEC461F7288D" box="[840,964,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at depths of 
<quantity id="4C829B733B68F81FFBABFEC5668F288D" box="[1123,1212,368,392]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
in subpolar waters (unpublished data). Martin Angel (pers. communication) reports another novel, as yet undescribed species 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B68F81FFF5FFE0D62CE28C5" box="[151,253,440,463]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B68F81FFF5FFE0D62CE28C5" box="[151,253,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Boroecia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the deep sea below 
<specimenCount id="9D7CFD1F3B68F81FFDCBFE02606128C5" box="[515,594,439,464]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C829B733B68F81FFDCBFE02607D28C5" box="[515,590,439,464]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="750.0">750 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
Shallow depths in the Bering Strait and in adjacent Chukchi and northern Bering Seas are an ecological barrier to the dispersion of oceanic species occurring at depths deeper than 
<quantity id="4C829B733B68F81FFA85FE6967A428FE" box="[1357,1431,476,500]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
, and not only excludes the spread of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B68F81FFDEDFDB560A52B1D" box="[549,662,512,535]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B68F81FFDEDFDB560A52B1D" box="[549,662,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">B.maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
into the North Pacific, but also the entry of North Pacific species into the Arctic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B68F81FFF0FFDF261872BFA" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
The distribution pattern of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B68F81FFE3FFDFC60432B55" box="[503,624,584,608]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B68F81FFE3FFDFC60432B55" box="[503,624,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Arctic reflects the bathymetry of the Arctic Ocean (
<figureCitation id="13412A133B68F81FFACEFDF267502B6A" box="[1286,1379,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[168,1422,553,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[164,1423,553,1912]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Map showing locations of stations containing pelagic ostracods of Boroecia maxima, the limits of the natural habitat of B. maxima are indicated by bold lines. The area between bold and dashed lines is the zone of expulsion for this species. Stations taken by the Russian expedition are shown as circles, and stations from literature are given as triangles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244922/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13412A133B68F81FFAB8FDFD67A32B6A" box="[1392,1424,584,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1178,1200]" captionTargetBox="[380,1209,203,1145]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[368,1219,193,1157]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 22. Map showing Bathymetry of the Arctic Ocean. http: // www. ngdc. noaa. gov / mgg / image / IBCAO _ betamap. jpg (accessed 07. August 2015) (public domain)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244927/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">22</figureCitation>
). Nevertheless, it is remarkable that this species is not found over the shelf along the Russian coastline and the Chukchi Sea. It does occur in the delta of the Mackenzie River, where the salinity is also rather low. This indicates that depth and temperature are the main factors limiting its distribution rather than salinity. Note that the shelf near the Mackenzie River is narrow, and offshore the water deepens rapidly.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C360651D3B68F81DFF0FFD4862E8286E" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC536963B68F81FFF0FFD4861082A8A" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B68F81FFF0FFD4863702A1E" ID-CoL="MKPP" box="[199,323,765,788]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B68F81FFF0FFD4863702A1E" box="[199,323,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
further occurs in plankton communities in the Novozemelskaya Basin in the Kara Sea, on the continental slope in the East Siberian Sea and on shelf depression in the Barents Sea, while in other areas of the northern seas it is not found (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFE14FCF160492A56" author="Chavtur" box="[476,634,836,861]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Chavtur, V. G. (1978) Vidovoj sostav i osobennosti raspredelenija pelagicheskih ostracod v central'noj chasti Arkticheskogo bassejna [Species composition and especially distribution of pelagic ostracods in the Central Arctic Ocean]. Zoological Journal, 57, 1790 - 1798. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1978">Chavtur 1978</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFD4DFCF160F22A56" author="Chavtur" box="[645,705,836,860]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Chavtur, V. G. (1992) Sostav, structura i raspredelenie bentosnyh i pelagicheskih ostracod nadotrjada Myodocopa umerennyh i holodnyh vod Severnogo Polusharija [Composition, structure and distribution benthic and pelagic ostracods of the superorder Myodocopa of temperate and cold waters of the Northern Hemisphere]. Institut Biologii morija Dalnevostochnoe Otdelenie Rossyjskoj Akademii Nauk, 155, Deponent VINITI / 3016 - V 92, 20 October 1992. [unkown pagination, Vladivostok, in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
). Thus, the area of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B68F81FFC5EFCF0663D2A56" ID-CoL="MKPP" box="[918,1038,837,860]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B68F81FFC5EFCF0663D2A56" box="[918,1038,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is limited to the areas where Arctic waters are distributed (excluding shallow-water shelf areas).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B68F81FFF0FFC3961BC2D1A" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
A study of seasonal plankton distributions conducted between 
<date id="FFC410563B68F81FFC4CFC3966192AAE" box="[900,1066,908,933]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" value="1950" valueMax="1978">1950 and 1978</date>
on the drift ice station &quot;Severnyi Polyus&quot; revealed vertical distribution patterns and dynamics of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B68F81FFCADFC0561E52ACD" ID-CoL="MKPP" box="[869,982,944,967]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B68F81FFCADFC0561E52ACD" box="[869,982,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">B.maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Central Arctic basin. Throughout the year, the largest concentrations of this species at high latitudes occur in depths of 
<quantity id="4C829B733B68F81FFB42FC6167322AE6" box="[1162,1281,980,1005]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="62.5" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="25.0">25–100 m</quantity>
, occasionally deepening to 
<quantity id="4C829B733B68F81FFEE6FC42639E2D05" box="[302,429,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="175.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="100.0">100–250 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFE73FC4261B22D1A" author="Chavtur" box="[443,897,1015,1040]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Chavtur, V. G. &amp; Bashmanov, A. G. (2007) Distribution and seasonal dynamics of Boroecia maxima (Ostracoda, Halocypridinae) in the Arctic Basin and adjacent waters of the Atlantic. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 33, 75 - 83. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1134 / S 1063074007020010" type="journal article" year="2007">Chavtur &amp; Bashmanov 2007: tables 2, 3</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B68F81FFF0FFBA863552D77" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
In the cold season of the year (October–February), 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B68F81FFCC0FBA861B22D3E" ID-CoL="MKPP" box="[776,897,1053,1076]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B68F81FFCC0FBA861B22D3E" box="[776,897,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mainly concentrates in the surface Arctic water mass in the 0–50 (70) m layer, attaining population densities of 405–891 indiv./ 
<quantity id="4C829B733B68F81FFBE5FB8A66B72D52" box="[1069,1156,1087,1112]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
³ and biomasses of 
<quantity id="4C829B733B68F81FFAACFBF562C92D76" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.24" metricValueMax="16.15" metricValueMin="2.33" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="mg" value="924.0" valueMax="1615.0" valueMin="233.0">233– 1615 mg</quantity>
/ 
<quantity id="4C829B733B68F81FFECAFBD1636A2D77" box="[258,345,1124,1149]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
³.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B68F81FFF0FFB3261F22DE2" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
During the other months, it occurs in the intermediate water mass (
<quantity id="4C829B733B68F81FFC67FB3266052DAA" box="[943,1078,1159,1184]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="50.0">50 to 250 m</quantity>
depth) below the mixed surface layer attaining densities of 411–904 indiv./ 
<quantity id="4C829B733B68F81FFDBCFB1960FA2DCF" box="[628,713,1196,1221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
³ and biomasses of 
<quantity id="4C829B733B68F81FFC56FB19660B2DCE" box="[926,1080,1196,1221]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.3" metricValueMax="10.25" metricValueMin="4.35" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="mg" value="730.0" valueMax="1025.0" valueMin="435.0">435–1025 mg</quantity>
/ 
<quantity id="4C829B733B68F81FFB89FB1966A42DCF" box="[1089,1175,1196,1221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
³, respectively (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFA88FB1963482DE2" author="Chavtur" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Chavtur, V. G. &amp; Bashmanov, A. G. (2007) Distribution and seasonal dynamics of Boroecia maxima (Ostracoda, Halocypridinae) in the Arctic Basin and adjacent waters of the Atlantic. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 33, 75 - 83. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1134 / S 1063074007020010" type="journal article" year="2007">Chavtur &amp; Bashmanov 2007</bibRefCitation>
: table 3, 4; see also 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFD93FB7A61862DE2" author="Kosobokova" box="[603,949,1231,1256]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Kosobokova, K. N. &amp; Hopcroft, R. R. (2010) Diversity and vertical distribution of mesozooplankton in the Arctic's Canada Basin. Deep-Sea Research II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 57, 96 - 110. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr 2.2009.08.009" type="journal article" year="2010">Kosobokova &amp; Hopcroft 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B68F81FFF0FFB4063BC2C72" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
In the mixed surface layer as well as in the intermediate water, temperatures are very low, ranging from 1.8º to 0.8º C and from 1.9º to 1.5º C, respectively (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFD09FAA261E52C3A" author="Treshnikov" box="[705,982,1303,1328]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Treshnikov, A. F., Nikiforov, Y. G. &amp; Blinov, N. I. (1976) Rezul'taty issledovanyi drejfujushih stancyi &quot; severnyi Poljus &quot; [Results of oceanologic researches at drifting stations &quot; North Poles &quot;]. In: Voprosy geografii, Moskow, Mysl', 101, pp. 49 - 86. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1976">
Treshnikov 
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B68F81FFC86FAAC61B72C3A" box="[846,900,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">et al</emphasis>
. 1976
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B68F81FFC27FAAC665E2C25" ID-CoL="MKPP" box="[1007,1133,1304,1328]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B68F81FFC27FAAC665E2C25" box="[1007,1133,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known to inhabit low temperature waters (1.7º to 4º C) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFDEAFA89609A2C5E" author="Cleve" box="[546,681,1340,1365]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Cleve, P. T. (1900) The seasonal distribution of Atlantic plankton organisms., D. F. Bonniers Boktryckeri Aktiebolag, Goteborg, 368 pp." type="book" year="1900">Cleve 1900</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFD7FFA89616C2C5F" author="Grainger" box="[695,863,1340,1365]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Grainger, E. H. (1965) Zooplankton from the Arctic Ocean and Adjacent Canadian Waters. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 22, 543 - 564. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 65 - 049" type="journal article" year="1965">Grainger 1965</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFCA5FA88662F2C5E" author="Jespersen" box="[877,1052,1340,1364]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Jespersen, P. D. (1923) Thorild Wulff's plankton collections in the water west of Greenland. Den. II. Thule Ekspedition tii Greenlands Nordkyst 1917 - 1918. Meddelelser om Gronland, 64, 103 - 160. [cited after Williams, 1975]" type="journal article" year="1923">Jespersen 1923</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFBE2FA8966DE2C5E" author="Stephensen" box="[1066,1261,1340,1365]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Stephensen, K. (1913) Gronlands Krebsdyr og Pycnogonider (Conspectus Crustaceorum et Pycnogonidorum Groenlandiae). Meddelelser om Gronland, 22, 1 - 479." type="journal article" year="1913">Stephensen 1913</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFB33FA8967042C5F" author="Stephensen" box="[1275,1335,1340,1365]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Stephensen, K. (1936) The Godthaab Expedition 1928. Crustacea varia. Meddelelser om Gronland, 80, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="1936">1936</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFA8BFA8962E12C72" author="Virketis" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Virketis, M. A. (1957) Some data about zooplankton of the Central Arctic Basin. I. Materialy nabljudeny reifujushey stantii 1954 / 1955. Morskoj Transport, 1957, 342 pp. [Leningrad, in Russian]" type="book" year="1957">Virketis 1957</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFF15FAEA632B2C72" author="Virketis" box="[221,280,1375,1400]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Virketis, M. A. (1959) Materials on zooplankton of the Central Arctic Basin. In: Rezul'taty nauchno-issledovatel'skih rabot dreifujushey stantii 1954 / 1955. Morskoj Transport, 1959, pp. 133 - 338. [Leningrad, in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1959">1959</bibRefCitation>
; our data).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B68F81FFF0FFA3161E62F92" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
The work of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B68F81FFE92FA3163CC2C96" author="Richter" box="[346,511,1412,1437]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" refString="Richter, C. (1994) Regional and seasonal variability in the vertical distribution of mesozooplankton in the Greenland Sea. Berichte zur Polarforschung, 154, 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1994">Richter (1994)</bibRefCitation>
in the Fram Strait and especially in the 
<collectingCountry id="F36D76063B68F81FFC0BFA31660B2C97" box="[963,1080,1412,1437]" name="Greenland" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Greenland</collectingCountry>
Sea Gyre supports our view on the distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B68F81FFEAEFA1C63EE2CB5" ID-CoL="MKPP" box="[358,477,1448,1472]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B68F81FFEAEFA1C63EE2CB5" box="[358,477,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although Richter refers to 
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B68F81FFCD0FA1C61AB2CCA" box="[792,920,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B68F81FFCD0FA1C61A72CCA" ID-CoL="MKPM" box="[792,916,1448,1472]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">B. borealis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
his diagrams Fig. 4.57 and 4.58 show the size ranges of his specimens ranging from 
<quantity id="4C829B733B68F81FFD8BFA7960D32CEE" box="[579,736,1484,1509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="mm" value="3.2" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="2.8">2.8 to 3.6 mm</quantity>
length. Our investigations show that only adults of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B68F81FFAECFA7867AF2CEE" ID-CoL="MKPP" box="[1316,1436,1485,1508]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B68F81FFAECFA7867AF2CEE" box="[1316,1436,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
attain these larger sizes. We assume, therefore, that Richter misinterpreted his material, which included mostly 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B68F81FFA4CFA4462C32F26" ID-CoL="MKPP" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B68F81FFA4CFA4462C32F26" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and that his smaller animals (between 
<quantity id="4C829B733B68F81FFD78F9A1615C2F26" box="[688,879,1556,1580]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="mm" value="2.55" valueMax="2.9" valueMin="2.2">2.20 to 2.90 mm</quantity>
) belonged to 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B68F81FFBC5F9A066BA2F26" ID-CoL="MKPM" box="[1037,1161,1556,1580]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B68F81FFBC5F9A066BA2F26" box="[1037,1161,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">B. borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. According to Richter’s investigation, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B68F81FFEFEF98C639C2F45" ID-CoL="MKPP" box="[310,431,1592,1616]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B68F81FFEFEF98C639C2F45" box="[310,431,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs throughout the Fram Strait at depths of 
<quantity id="4C829B733B68F81FFC0DF98D66772F5A" box="[965,1092,1592,1616]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="200.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="100.0">100–300 m</quantity>
while 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B68F81FFB59F98C676D2F5A" box="[1169,1374,1592,1616]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="borealis" subSpecies="occurs">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B68F81FFB59F98C676D2F5A" box="[1169,1374,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">B. borealis occurs</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<quantity id="4C829B733B68F81FFF5FF9E9631B2F7E" box="[151,296,1628,1652]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="650.0" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="300.0">300–1000 m</quantity>
. Although there is a mixing zone, where the two species co-occur, the main abundances of Richter’s 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B68F81FFF5FF934633C2F9D" ID-CoL="MKPP" box="[151,271,1664,1688]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B68F81FFF5FF934633C2F9D" box="[151,271,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are at similar depths as those we observed in the Arctic Ocean.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B68F81FFF0FF91160472E22" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
The Richter data also show that 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B68F81FFDF8F910609B2FB6" ID-CoL="MKPP" box="[560,680,1701,1724]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B68F81FFDF8F910609B2FB6" box="[560,680,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
undertakes a seasonal migration in November through February up towards the surface, which is in accordance to our observations in the Arctic. The situation in the deep sea below 
<quantity id="4C829B733B68F81FFF5FF95962C32E0E" box="[151,240,1772,1796]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
remains obscure. Whether the individuals of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B68F81FFCC5F95861412E0E" ID-CoL="84LWB" box="[781,882,1773,1796]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B68F81FFCC5F95861412E0E" box="[781,882,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Boroecia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
living at these depths belong to 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B68F81FFB35F95867492E0E" ID-CoL="MKPP" box="[1277,1402,1773,1796]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B68F81FFB35F95867492E0E" box="[1277,1402,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or another species still has to be investigated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B68F81FFF0FF88162E62E9F" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
Within the stratification pattern in the Arctic Ocean (Meincke R. Matzke-Karasz 1997) we can connect the species 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B68F81FFF27F8EC635B2E65" ID-CoL="MKPP" box="[239,360,1880,1904]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B68F81FFF27F8EC635B2E65" box="[239,360,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the mixed arctic layer, which separates the warm Atlantic water layer from the polar surface layer.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B68F81EFF0FF81466DD2817" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="37.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
In warm deep Atlantic water (below 
<quantity id="4C829B733B68F81FFDA8F81560EC2EB2" box="[608,735,1952,1977]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="225.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="200.0">200–250 m</quantity>
and down to 
<quantity id="4C829B733B68F81FFCBDF81566312EB2" box="[885,1026,1952,1977]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="875.0" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="750.0">750–1000 m</quantity>
depth) with positive temperatures of 2.5º–3.5º C near 
<collectingCountry id="F36D76063B68F81FFE9CF87163EB2ED7" box="[340,472,1988,2013]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Spitsbergen</collectingCountry>
Islands and 0.4º–0.5º C in the America-Asian subregion, values of population density and biomass of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B69F81EFE84FF2C63F529A5" ID-CoL="MKPP" box="[332,454,152,176]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B69F81EFE84FF2C63F529A5" box="[332,454,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were an order of magnitude lower throughout the year (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFB83FF2263B129DE" author="Chavtur" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Chavtur, V. G. &amp; Bashmanov, A. G. (2007) Distribution and seasonal dynamics of Boroecia maxima (Ostracoda, Halocypridinae) in the Arctic Basin and adjacent waters of the Atlantic. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 33, 75 - 83. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1134 / S 1063074007020010" type="journal article" year="2007">Chavtur &amp; Bashmanov 2007: tables 2, 3; figs. 3, 4</bibRefCitation>
). Even smaller values were found at depths greater than 
<quantity id="4C829B733B69F81EFBCDFF0966A029DE" box="[1029,1171,188,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="875.0" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="750.0">750–1000 m</quantity>
in bottom water with a temperature of 0.8º to 0.4º C. In June–August and especially in July (the beginning of biological summer in polar latitudes), the concentration of this species in plankton of surface Arctic water decreased markedly.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF05661E3B69F81EFF5FFEFD61332855" box="[151,768,328,351]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">
<paragraph id="8BC536963B69F81EFF5FFEFD61332855" blockId="37.[151,768,328,351]" box="[151,768,328,351]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B69F81EFF5FFEFD63392855" bold="true" box="[151,266,328,351]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
Distribution and ecology of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B69F81EFDF5FEFD60CB2855" ID-CoL="MKPP" box="[573,760,328,351]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B69F81EFDF5FEFD60CB2855" box="[573,760,328,351]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">Boroecia maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B69F81EFF57FECF60E7289A" blockId="37.[159,1424,378,503]" box="[159,724,378,400]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">Region Depth Authors</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B69F81EFF57FE11661728FD" blockId="37.[159,1424,378,503]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">
Central Arctic 0–3120 (4330) m 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFD4AFE1160DA28B0" author="Sars" box="[642,745,420,442]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Sars, G. O. (1900) V. Crustacea. In: Nansen, F. (Ed.), The Norwegian North-Polar Expedition 1893 - 1896. Scientific Results. Fridtjof Nansen Fund For The Advancement Of Science, pp. 1 - 141." type="book chapter" year="1900">Sars 1900</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFD3BFE11614728B0" author="Muller" box="[755,884,420,442]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Muller, G. W. (1931) Die Ostracoden des arktischen Gebietes. Fauna Arctica, 6, 23 - 32." type="journal article" year="1931">Müller 1931</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFCB7FE10662728B0" author="Bogorov" box="[895,1044,420,442]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Bogorov, V. G. (1946) Zooplankton in collections of the I / S &quot; G. Sedov &quot;. In: Trudy dreifujushey expeditii Glavmorsevputi na ledokol'nom parahode v 1937 - 1940, 1946, pp. 336 - 370. [Moskva, Leningrad, in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1946">Bogorov 1946</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFBD6FE11669A28B0" author="Virketis" box="[1054,1193,420,442]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Virketis, M. A. (1957) Some data about zooplankton of the Central Arctic Basin. I. Materialy nabljudeny reifujushey stantii 1954 / 1955. Morskoj Transport, 1957, 342 pp. [Leningrad, in Russian]" type="book" year="1957">Virketis 1957</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFB7BFE1166DA28B0" author="Virketis" box="[1203,1257,420,442]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Virketis, M. A. (1959) Materials on zooplankton of the Central Arctic Basin. In: Rezul'taty nauchno-issledovatel'skih rabot dreifujushey stantii 1954 / 1955. Morskoj Transport, 1959, pp. 133 - 338. [Leningrad, in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1959">1959</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFD4AFE77608428D2" author="Leung" box="[642,695,450,472]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Leung, Y. M. (1973) On the ostracod fauna of the Arctic Basin. In: Fernandes, H. R. (Ed.), Final report on drift station biology: zooplankton taxonomy and sorting programs. University of Southern California Department Biological Science, Los Angeles, 10 - 11." type="book chapter" year="1973">1973</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFD37FE7761B828D2" author="Chavtur" box="[767,907,450,472]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Chavtur, V. G. (1978) Vidovoj sostav i osobennosti raspredelenija pelagicheskih ostracod v central'noj chasti Arkticheskogo bassejna [Species composition and especially distribution of pelagic ostracods in the Central Arctic Ocean]. Zoological Journal, 57, 1790 - 1798. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1978">Chavtur 1978</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFC5DFE7761F928D2" author="Chavtur" box="[917,970,450,472]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Chavtur, V. G. (1992) Sostav, structura i raspredelenie bentosnyh i pelagicheskih ostracod nadotrjada Myodocopa umerennyh i holodnyh vod Severnogo Polusharija [Composition, structure and distribution benthic and pelagic ostracods of the superorder Myodocopa of temperate and cold waters of the Northern Hemisphere]. Institut Biologii morija Dalnevostochnoe Otdelenie Rossyjskoj Akademii Nauk, 155, Deponent VINITI / 3016 - V 92, 20 October 1992. [unkown pagination, Vladivostok, in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFC1BFE77663A28D2" author="Chavtur" box="[979,1033,450,472]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Chavtur, V. G. (2001) List of species of free-living invertebrates of Eurasian Arctic Seas and adjacent deep waters. Explorations of the fauna of the seas, 51, 98 - 99. [St-Petersburg]" type="journal article" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFBDBFE7766AE28D2" author="Angel" box="[1043,1181,450,472]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Angel, M. V. (1979 b) Studies on Atlantic halocyprid ostracods: their vertical distributions and community structure in the central gyre region along latitude 30 º N from off Africa to Bermuda. Progress in Oceanography, 8, 3 - 124. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0079 - 6611 (79) 90009 - 0" type="journal article" year="1979" yearSuffix="b">Angel 1979 b</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFB60FE77608428FD" author="Chavtur" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Chavtur, V. G. &amp; Bashmanov, A. G. (2005) Istorija i sostojanie izuchennosti pelagicheskyh ostracod Severnogo Ledovitogo okeana [History and state of knowledge of pelagic ostracods (Ostracoda-Myodocopa) of the Arctic Ocean]. Izvestiya TINRO, 143, 249 - 263. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="2005">Chavtur &amp; Bashmanov 2005</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFD09FE5460C428FD" author="Bashmanov" box="[705,759,481,503]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Chavtur, V. G. &amp; Bashmanov, A. G. (2007) Distribution and seasonal dynamics of Boroecia maxima (Ostracoda, Halocypridinae) in the Arctic Basin and adjacent waters of the Atlantic. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 33, 75 - 83. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1134 / S 1063074007020010" type="journal article" year="2007">2007</bibRefCitation>
; 
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</paragraph>
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Norwegian Sea 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFD4AFD9C611F2B35" author="Aurivillius" box="[642,812,553,575]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Aurivillius, C. W. S. (1899) Animalisches Plankton aus dem Meere zwischen Jan Mayen, Spitzbergen, K. Karls Land und der Nordkuste Norwegens. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Academiens Handlingar, 32, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1899">Aurivillius 1899</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFCFEFD9C619F2B35" author="Cleve" box="[822,940,553,575]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Cleve, P. T. (1900) The seasonal distribution of Atlantic plankton organisms., D. F. Bonniers Boktryckeri Aktiebolag, Goteborg, 368 pp." type="book" year="1900">Cleve 1900</bibRefCitation>
, 1903; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFC3EFD9C66442B35" author="Muller" box="[1014,1143,553,575]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Muller, G. W. (1901) Ostracoden. In: Apstein, H. &amp; Brandt, K. A. H. (Eds.), Nordisches Plankton VII, Zoologischer Teil 4. Lipsius &amp; Tischer, Kiel &amp; Leipzig, pp. 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1901">Müller 1901</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFB4AFD9C66C32B35" author="Gran" box="[1154,1264,553,575]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Gran, H. H. (1902) Das Plankton des Norwegischen Nordmeers von Biologischen und Hydrographischen Gesichtspunkten behandelt. Report of Norwegian Fisheries, 2, 1 - 222." type="journal article" year="1902">Gran 1902</bibRefCitation>
; Conceil 1905; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFD4AFDFD61132B54" author="Ostenfeld" box="[642,800,584,606]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Ostenfeld, C. H. (1906) Catalogue des especes de plantes et d'animaux observees dans le plankton recueilli pendant les expeditions periodiques depuis le mois d'aout 1902 jusqu'au mois de mai 1905. Conseil permanent international pour l'exploration de la mer, 33, 122 pp." type="book" year="1906">Ostenfeld 1906</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFCE2FDFD61E22B54" author="Skogsberg" box="[810,977,584,606]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Skogsberg, T. (1920) Studies on marine ostracods. Pt. 1 (Cypridinids, Halocyprids and Polycopids). Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala, 1 (Supplement), 1 - 784." type="journal article" year="1920">Skogsberg 1920</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFC13FDFD665B2B54" author="Poulsen" box="[987,1128,584,606]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Poulsen, E. M. (1973) Ostracoda-Myodocopa. Part III. B. Halocypriformes-Halocypridae, Conchoecinae. Dana-Report, 84, 1 - 224." type="journal article" year="1973">Poulsen 1973</bibRefCitation>
; Chavtur &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFB2CFDFD67682B54" author="Bashmanov" box="[1252,1371,584,606]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Chavtur, V. G. &amp; Bashmanov, A. G. (2007) Distribution and seasonal dynamics of Boroecia maxima (Ostracoda, Halocypridinae) in the Arctic Basin and adjacent waters of the Atlantic. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 33, 75 - 83. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1134 / S 1063074007020010" type="journal article" year="2007">Bashmanov</bibRefCitation>
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2007; 
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, Deevey &amp; Angel [unpublished data]
</paragraph>
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Sea 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFD4AFD1B615C2BCE" author="Brady" box="[642,879,686,708]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Brady, G. S. &amp; Norman, A. M. (1896) A monograph of the marine and freshwater Ostracoda of the North Atlantic and of North- Western Europe. Part 11., Sections II. to IV.: Myodocopa, Cladocopa, and Platicopa. The Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society, Series 2, 5, 621 - 784." type="journal article" year="1896">Brady &amp; Norman 1896</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFCB1FD1B66102BCE" author="Aurivillius" box="[889,1059,686,708]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Aurivillius, C. W. S. (1899) Animalisches Plankton aus dem Meere zwischen Jan Mayen, Spitzbergen, K. Karls Land und der Nordkuste Norwegens. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Academiens Handlingar, 32, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1899">Aurivillius 1899</bibRefCitation>
; 
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; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFB66FD1B671C2BCE" author="Muller" box="[1198,1327,686,708]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Muller, G. W. (1901) Ostracoden. In: Apstein, H. &amp; Brandt, K. A. H. (Eds.), Nordisches Plankton VII, Zoologischer Teil 4. Lipsius &amp; Tischer, Kiel &amp; Leipzig, pp. 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1901">Müller 1901</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFAF2FD1B608B2BE9" author="Gran" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Gran, H. H. (1902) Das Plankton des Norwegischen Nordmeers von Biologischen und Hydrographischen Gesichtspunkten behandelt. Report of Norwegian Fisheries, 2, 1 - 222." type="journal article" year="1902">Gran 1902</bibRefCitation>
; 
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, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFCB2FD7861832BE9" author="Stephensen" box="[890,944,717,739]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Stephensen, K. (1938) Marine Ostracoda and Cladocera. The Zoology of Iceland, 8, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1938">1938</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFC72FD7866522BE9" author="Skogsberg" box="[954,1121,717,739]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Skogsberg, T. (1920) Studies on marine ostracods. Pt. 1 (Cypridinids, Halocyprids and Polycopids). Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala, 1 (Supplement), 1 - 784." type="journal article" year="1920">Skogsberg 1920</bibRefCitation>
;? 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFBBCFD7866CE2BE9" author="Richter" box="[1140,1277,717,739]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Richter, C. (1994) Regional and seasonal variability in the vertical distribution of mesozooplankton in the Greenland Sea. Berichte zur Polarforschung, 154, 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1994">Richter 1994</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFACFFD7861062A08" author="Chavtur" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Chavtur, V. G. &amp; Bashmanov, A. G. (2007) Distribution and seasonal dynamics of Boroecia maxima (Ostracoda, Halocypridinae) in the Arctic Basin and adjacent waters of the Atlantic. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 33, 75 - 83. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1134 / S 1063074007020010" type="journal article" year="2007">Chavtur &amp; Bashmanov 2007</bibRefCitation>
; 
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; Deevey &amp; Angel [unpublished data]
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Kara Sea 
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; 
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Laptev Sea 
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; 
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Beaufort Sea 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFD4AFC10612B2AB1" author="Grainger" box="[642,792,933,955]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Grainger, E. H. (1965) Zooplankton from the Arctic Ocean and Adjacent Canadian Waters. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 22, 543 - 564. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 65 - 049" type="journal article" year="1965">Grainger 1965</bibRefCitation>
; 
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</paragraph>
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Canadian Arctic 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFD4AFC7B612B2AEE" author="Grainger" box="[642,792,974,996]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Grainger, E. H. (1965) Zooplankton from the Arctic Ocean and Adjacent Canadian Waters. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 22, 543 - 564. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 65 - 049" type="journal article" year="1965">Grainger 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B69F81EFF57FC58632F2D09" blockId="37.[159,1425,850,1243]" box="[159,284,1005,1027]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">Archipelago</paragraph>
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Baffin Bay 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFD4AFBA361142D26" author="Vanhoffen" box="[642,807,1046,1068]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Vanhoffen, E. (1897) Die Fauna und Flora Gronlands. In: von Drygalski, E., Schuhmann, R. Stade, H. &amp; Vanhoffen, E. (Eds.), Gronland-Expedition der Gesellschaft fur Erdkunde zu Berlin 1891 - 1893 unter der Leitung von Erich von Drygalski. Kuhl, Berlin, pp. 1 - 384." type="book chapter" year="1897">Vanhöffen 1897</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFCF9FBA261FD2D26" author="Jespersen" box="[817,974,1046,1068]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Jespersen, P. D. (1923) Thorild Wulff's plankton collections in the water west of Greenland. Den. II. Thule Ekspedition tii Greenlands Nordkyst 1917 - 1918. Meddelelser om Gronland, 64, 103 - 160. [cited after Williams, 1975]" type="journal article" year="1923">Jespersen 1923</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFC10FBA366B42D26" author="Stephensen" box="[984,1159,1046,1068]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Stephensen, K. (1936) The Godthaab Expedition 1928. Crustacea varia. Meddelelser om Gronland, 80, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="1936">Stephensen 1936</bibRefCitation>
; Bashmanov &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFAE1FBA367482D26" author="Chavtur" box="[1321,1403,1046,1068]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Bashmanov, A. G. &amp; Chavtur, V. G. (2009) Sostav I raspredelenie pelagicheskih ostracod (Ostracoda, Myodocopa) v Severnom Ledovitom okeane [Composition and distribution of pelagic ostracods (Ostracoda, Myodocopa) in the Arctic Ocean]. Biologya Morya, 35, 315 - 329. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="2009">Chavtur</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B69F81EFD4AFB8060862D41" blockId="37.[159,1425,850,1243]" box="[642,693,1077,1099]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">2009</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B69F81EFF57FBEB60D32CE7" blockId="37.[159,1425,850,1243]" lastBlockId="37.[151,1437,1311,2021]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">
Devis Strait 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFD4AFBEB61022D7E" author="Stephensen" box="[642,817,1118,1140]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Stephensen, K. (1936) The Godthaab Expedition 1928. Crustacea varia. Meddelelser om Gronland, 80, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="1936">Stephensen 1936</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFCF3FBEB66532D7E" author="Chavtur" box="[827,1120,1118,1140]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Chavtur, V. G. &amp; Bashmanov, A. G. (2007) Distribution and seasonal dynamics of Boroecia maxima (Ostracoda, Halocypridinae) in the Arctic Basin and adjacent waters of the Atlantic. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 33, 75 - 83. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1134 / S 1063074007020010" type="journal article" year="2007">Chavtur &amp; Bashmanov 2007</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFBA2FBEB67BE2D7E" author="Bashmanov" box="[1130,1421,1118,1140]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Bashmanov, A. G. &amp; Chavtur, V. G. (2009) Sostav I raspredelenie pelagicheskih ostracod (Ostracoda, Myodocopa) v Severnom Ledovitom okeane [Composition and distribution of pelagic ostracods (Ostracoda, Myodocopa) in the Arctic Ocean]. Biologya Morya, 35, 315 - 329. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="2009">Bashmanov &amp; Chavtur 2009</bibRefCitation>
North Atlantic 
<quantity id="4C829B733B69F81EFE57FB3D60362D94" box="[415,517,1160,1182]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="1000.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="0.0">0–2000 m</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFD4AFB3D615C2D94" author="Brady" box="[642,879,1160,1182]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Brady, G. S. &amp; Norman, A. M. (1896) A monograph of the marine and freshwater Ostracoda of the North Atlantic and of North- Western Europe. Part 11., Sections II. to IV.: Myodocopa, Cladocopa, and Platicopa. The Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society, Series 2, 5, 621 - 784." type="journal article" year="1896">Brady &amp; Norman 1896</bibRefCitation>
;? 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFC4AFB3D61CD2D94" author="Brady" box="[898,1022,1160,1182]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Brady, G. S. (1902) On new or imperfectly-known Ostracoda, chiefly from a collection in the Zoological Museum, Copenhagen. The Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 19, 179 - 210. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1902. tb 00030. x" type="journal article" year="1902">Brady 1902</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFBC0FB3D660D2D94" author="Brady" box="[1032,1086,1160,1182]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Brady, G. S. (1903) List of the Ostracoda collected by Mr. Georg Murrey, F. R. S., during the Cruise of the ' Oceana' in 1898. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 12, 337 - 339. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930308678862" type="journal article" year="1903">1903</bibRefCitation>
;? 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFB99FB3D66D12D94" author="Norman" box="[1105,1250,1160,1182]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Norman, A. M. (1905) Irish Crustacea Ostracoda. Irish Naturalist Dublin, 14, 137 - 155." type="journal article" year="1905">Norman 1905</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFB24FB3D675C2D94" author="Fowler" box="[1260,1391,1160,1182]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Fowler, G. H. (1897) Contributions to our Knowledge of the Plankton of the Faeroe Channel II. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1897, 523 - 526." type="proceedings paper" year="1897">Fowler 1897</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFD4AFB13608B2DB6" author="Fowler" box="[642,696,1190,1212]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Fowler, G. H. (1903) Contribution to our Knowledge of the Plankton of the Faeroe Channel VIII. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1903, 117 - 133." type="proceedings paper" year="1903">1903</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFD0AFB1361712DB6" author="Muller" box="[706,834,1190,1212]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Muller, G. W. (1901) Ostracoden. In: Apstein, H. &amp; Brandt, K. A. H. (Eds.), Nordisches Plankton VII, Zoologischer Teil 4. Lipsius &amp; Tischer, Kiel &amp; Leipzig, pp. 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1901">Müller 1901</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFC85FB1361CF2DB6" author="Stephensen" box="[845,1020,1190,1212]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Stephensen, K. (1936) The Godthaab Expedition 1928. Crustacea varia. Meddelelser om Gronland, 80, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="1936">Stephensen 1936</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFBCEFB1366A02DB6" author="Poulsen" box="[1030,1171,1190,1212]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Poulsen, E. M. (1973) Ostracoda-Myodocopa. Part III. B. Halocypriformes-Halocypridae, Conchoecinae. Dana-Report, 84, 1 - 224." type="journal article" year="1973">Poulsen 1973</bibRefCitation>
; Angel &amp; Fasham 1975; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFD4AFB7061942DD1" author="Chavtur" box="[642,935,1221,1243]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Chavtur, V. G. &amp; Bashmanov, A. G. (2007) Distribution and seasonal dynamics of Boroecia maxima (Ostracoda, Halocypridinae) in the Arctic Basin and adjacent waters of the Atlantic. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 33, 75 - 83. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1134 / S 1063074007020010" type="journal article" year="2007">Chavtur &amp; Bashmanov 2007</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFC79FB7066572DD1" author="Angel" box="[945,1124,1221,1243]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Angel, M. V., Blachowiak-Samolyk, K. &amp; Chavtur, V. G. (2008) An atlas of planktonic ostracods of the Atlantic Ocean. Available from: http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / research-curation / research / projects / atlantic-ostracods / index. html (accessed 10 August 2015)" type="journal article" year="2008">
Angel 
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B69F81EFC3DFB73661A2DD1" box="[1013,1065,1221,1243]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFBA6FB7067A22DD1" author="Bashmanov" box="[1134,1425,1221,1243]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Bashmanov, A. G. &amp; Chavtur, V. G. (2009) Sostav I raspredelenie pelagicheskih ostracod (Ostracoda, Myodocopa) v Severnom Ledovitom okeane [Composition and distribution of pelagic ostracods (Ostracoda, Myodocopa) in the Arctic Ocean]. Biologya Morya, 35, 315 - 329. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="2009">Bashmanov &amp; Chavtur 2009</bibRefCitation>
It should be noted that during the polar day the plankton does not make diurnal vertical migrations although a low-amplitude migration might occur (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFD81FAF161282C56" author="Kosobokova" box="[585,795,1348,1373]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Kosobokova, K. N. (1978) Diurnal Vertical Distribution of Calanus hyperboreus Kroyer and Calanus glacialis Jaschnov in the Central Polar Basin. Oceanology, 18, 476 - 480." type="journal article" year="1978">Kosobokova 1978</bibRefCitation>
). In this period, the largest concentrations of zooplankton can be determined in depths of 
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, including predators, namely tunicates (Oikopleura, Fritillaria), amphipods (
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B69F81EFF56FA3963002CAF" ID-CoL="7NHMN" box="[158,307,1420,1445]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gammaridae</taxonomicName>
, 
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), chaetognaths (Chaetognatha), pteropods (
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B69F81EFC7DFA3966B22CAF" authority="Clione" authorityName="Clione" box="[949,1153,1420,1445]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limacinidae" genus="Limacina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thecosomata" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Limacina, Clione</taxonomicName>
), medusae (Aeginopsis), and others (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFED2FA1A607E2CC2" author="Brodsky" box="[282,589,1455,1480]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Brodsky, K. A. &amp; Pavshtiks, E. A. (1976) Plankton Central'nogo Arkticheskogo bassejna. Arkticheskye Drejfujushye Stancii [Plankton of the Central Arctic Basin, Arctic Drift Stations]. Arctic Drift-Ice Research Stations, Moscow, Mysl', 1976, 148 - 167. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1976">Brodsky &amp; Pavshtiks 1976</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B69F81EFD91FA1A613B2CC2" author="Pavshtiks" box="[601,776,1455,1480]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" refString="Pavshtiks, E. A. (1980) O nekotoryh osobennostjah zhizni planktona Central'nogo Arcticheskogo bassejna [About some features in life of plankton of the Central Arctic Basin]. Izdatel'stvo Nauka Moscow, 142 - 154. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1980">Pavshtiks 1980</bibRefCitation>
). Decreased abundance of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B69F81EFBFEFA04669D2CCD" ID-CoL="MKPP" box="[1078,1198,1456,1480]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B69F81EFBFEFA04669D2CCD" box="[1078,1198,1456,1480]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at the surface can be attributed to grazing by predatory plankton and fish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B69F81EFF0FFA4263252E07" blockId="37.[151,1437,1311,2021]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">
During the polar night the main mass of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B69F81EFD68FA4C61292F05" ID-CoL="MKPP" box="[672,794,1528,1552]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B69F81EFD68FA4C61292F05" box="[672,794,1528,1552]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remains in upper water layers, while most of predatory plankton lives in the warm deep Atlantic water layer between 200 and 
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(where positive water temperatures occur throughout the year). This apparently allows 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B69F81EFD1AF9F461792F5D" ID-CoL="MKPP" box="[722,842,1600,1624]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B69F81EFD1AF9F461792F5D" box="[722,842,1600,1624]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to leave the spatial-temporal area of massive grazing and to restore its abundance. In the Central Arctic, all age groups of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B69F81EFC70F9D066002F76" ID-CoL="MKPP" box="[952,1075,1637,1660]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B69F81EFC70F9D066002F76" box="[952,1075,1637,1660]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were present in plankton at all depths throughout the year. Females with visible eggs and larval stages occur in the plankton in different biological seasons. This suggests the year-round breeding of this ostracod, which, in concert with avoidance of warm deep Atlantic water and its predatory load during the polar night, are adaptive responses of this species to preserve its abundance.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B69F81EFF0FF8A260172E96" blockId="37.[151,1437,1311,2021]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">
Juvenile specimens were numerically dominant (70–80% of total numbers) in each of the water masses during the whole year, while the proportion of adults of this ostracod consistently was relatively low. Thus, vertical distribution of relative density values of adult and juvenile 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B69F81EFC90F8D461E62E7D" ID-CoL="MKPP" box="[856,981,1888,1912]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B69F81EFC90F8D461E62E7D" box="[856,981,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggests that the spatial and temporal relation of these groups is constant.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B69F81DFF0FF81D634629FD" blockId="37.[151,1437,1311,2021]" lastBlockId="38.[151,1437,151,2015]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">
It could be assumed that adult females and males that occur at great depths (in bottom water) during the summer are the wintering reserve of this species, which does not spawn every year, as is the case for 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B69F81DFAF6F879604329BA" authority="Brodsky &amp; Pavshtiks 1976" authorityName="Brodsky &amp; Pavshtiks" authorityYear="1976" class="Maxillopoda" family="Calanidae" genus="Calanus" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="189" order="Calanoida" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B69F81DFAF6F879631129BA" italics="true" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">Calanus hyperboreus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6AF81DFEF9FF22605429BA" author="Brodsky" box="[305,615,151,176]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" refString="Brodsky, K. A. &amp; Pavshtiks, E. A. (1976) Plankton Central'nogo Arkticheskogo bassejna. Arkticheskye Drejfujushye Stancii [Plankton of the Central Arctic Basin, Arctic Drift Stations]. Arctic Drift-Ice Research Stations, Moscow, Mysl', 1976, 148 - 167. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1976">Brodsky &amp; Pavshtiks 1976</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. However, juvenile and, sometimes predominantly junior age stages (I– III) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6AF81DFF29FF08636A29DE" ID-CoL="MKPP" box="[225,345,189,212]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6AF81DFF29FF08636A29DE" box="[225,345,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found in this deep zone in different seasons of the year, suggesting its year-round spawning at these depths, too.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6AF81DFF0FFEB162E8286E" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
Thus, recruitment of juvenile generations to the population of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6AF81DFCB6FEB061C52816" ID-CoL="MKPP" box="[894,1014,261,284]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6AF81DFCB6FEB061C52816" box="[894,1014,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs throughout the year in surface as well as in deep water; during the polar night, this ostracod species makes no migrations into warm Atlantic water.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C360651D3B6AF81DFF0FFEDA60602A56" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6AF81DFF0FFEDA610328FF" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6AF81DFF0FFEDA60622882" bold="true" box="[199,593,367,392]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
Distribution of 
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6AF81DFEB7FEC560622882" bold="true" box="[383,593,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6AF81DFEB7FEC5607E2882" box="[383,589,367,392]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">Boroecia borealis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
The distribution map of 
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<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6AF81DFCA3FEC566002882" box="[875,1075,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Boroecia borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is somewhat different from that of 
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<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6AF81DFF70FE20631A28A6" box="[184,297,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">B.maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is obvious that the central region of the Arctic Ocean is devoid of this species. It is distributed along the edge of the shelf region but it does not occur over the shelf region itself. It is absent from most of Russia’s northern seas, with depths less than 
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(see figure)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6AF81DFF0FFE4A60602A56" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
The main distribution, or better the main area where these animals have been collected, seems to be the 
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Sea Gyre and regions at the edge of the shelf region from the Fram Strait up to the Chukchi Sea. No reliable data on the occurrence of this species around the Canadian Archipelago and in the northern 
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Sea are available (see figure). Only 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6AF81DFE37FDD961322B8E" author="Shih" box="[511,769,620,645]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" refString="Shih, C. T. &amp; Laubitz, D. R. (1978) Zooplankton Distribution in the Eastern Beaufort Sea and the Northwest Passage. Astarte, 11, 45 - 54." type="journal article" year="1978">Shih &amp; Laubitz (1978)</bibRefCitation>
present information on findings of presumend 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6AF81DFAD2FDD867A62B8E" box="[1306,1429,620,644]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6AF81DFAD2FDD867A62B8E" box="[1306,1429,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">B. borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, i.e. areas of sampling (69º–74ºN and 95º–139º W), depths of sampling (
<quantity id="4C829B733B6AF81DFC7EFD3A661A2BAD" box="[950,1065,655,680]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.125" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="0.25" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="412.5" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="25.0">25–800 m</quantity>
deep), water temperature (from - 1.66º to 0.6º C) and salinity (from 32.7 to 34.8‰). They do not give morphological data on the species and their data are not consistent with other well-funded research data on this species. Therefore, we think that these authors either mixed 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6AF81DFEE6FD4863992A1E" box="[302,426,764,788]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6AF81DFEE6FD4863992A1E" box="[302,426,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">B. borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the closely related cold-water species 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6AF81DFC69FD4866282A1E" box="[929,1051,765,788]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6AF81DFC69FD4866282A1E" box="[929,1051,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or, which is even more probable, just identified the latter species as the former one. Their material needs re-identification, therefore we still cannot claim that 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6AF81DFEC5FCF063B42A56" box="[269,391,836,860]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6AF81DFEC5FCF063B42A56" box="[269,391,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">B. borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits this area.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C360651D3B6AF81CFF0FFCDC662D2ED1" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6AF81DFF0FFCDC61982D51" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6AF81DFF0FFCDC63712A8A" ID-CoL="MKPM" box="[199,322,872,896]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6AF81DFF0FFCDC63712A8A" box="[199,322,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">B. borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in the Atlantic water layer despite the relatively low temperatures. It is pertinent to note, however, that the occurrence frequency of the species in catches is small. The same can be said about the population density of the species, which ranges from 4 to 
<specimenCount id="9D7CFD1F3B6AF81DFCF0FC0661672AC1" box="[824,852,947,971]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="generic">33</specimenCount>
specimens/ 
<quantity id="4C829B733B6AF81DFC13FC0766032AC0" box="[987,1072,946,971]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
3 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6AF81DFB81FC0762D62AE5" author="Bashmanov" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" refString="Bashmanov, A. G. &amp; Chavtur, V. G. (2008) Distribution of Boroecia borealis (Ostracoda: Halocyprididae) in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent waters of the Atlantic. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 34, 341 - 350. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1134 / S 1063074008060011" type="journal article" year="2008">Bashmanov &amp; Chavtur 2008: table 2</bibRefCitation>
). The findings of single specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6AF81DFD5DFC6D613C2AE5" ID-CoL="MKPM" box="[661,783,983,1007]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6AF81DFD5DFC6D613C2AE5" box="[661,783,983,1007]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">B. borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in catches from depths of 
<quantity id="4C829B733B6AF81DFBF3FC6366882AE5" box="[1083,1211,982,1007]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="175.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="100.0">100–250 m</quantity>
and 
<quantity id="4C829B733B6AF81DFB3AFC63670A2AE5" box="[1266,1337,982,1007]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="750.0">750 m</quantity>
down to the seafloor did not contradict the conclusion that this species belongs to the warm Atlantic layer with vertical borders of 
<quantity id="4C829B733B6AF81DFEDFFBAA63A82D3D" box="[279,411,1055,1079]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="450.0" valueMax="700.0" valueMin="200.0">200–700 m</quantity>
, as these catches are partially overlapping with the upper and lower zones of this layer, respectively. This is also in agreement with the data of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6AF81DFD37FBF761952D51" author="Richter" box="[767,934,1090,1115]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" refString="Richter, C. (1994) Regional and seasonal variability in the vertical distribution of mesozooplankton in the Greenland Sea. Berichte zur Polarforschung, 154, 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1994">Richter (1994)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6AF81DFF0FFBD366ED2DE1" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
The findings of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6AF81DFEB6FBDD63C92D75" ID-CoL="MKPM" box="[382,506,1127,1151]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6AF81DFEB6FBDD63C92D75" box="[382,506,1127,1151]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">B. borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
juveniles of different age groups in different surveyed areas of the Central Arctic allows us to suppose that this species can reproduce under conditions which are there prevailing. Thus, we conclude that polar waters are not a zone of sterile dissipation for 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6AF81DFCBEFB0561DC2DCD" ID-CoL="MKPM" box="[886,1007,1199,1223]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6AF81DFCBEFB0561DC2DCD" box="[886,1007,1199,1223]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">B. borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but for a part of its geographic range, where it evidently is represented by dependent populations (at least in America-Asian subregion).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6AF81DFF0FFB4366FA2C71" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
Proceeding from such a complicated picture of geographical and vertical distribution, it is anything but straightforward to define the biogeographic and ecological group 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6AF81DFC4CFAAE61CC2C39" ID-CoL="MKPM" box="[900,1023,1307,1331]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6AF81DFC4CFAAE61CC2C39" box="[900,1023,1307,1331]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">B. borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be referred to. However, the here presented original data in concert with previously published data suggest it being a boreal-arctic species that prefers relatively warm waters and that can be considered as a bio-indicator of the arctic region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6AF81DFF0FFA3363982F01" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
This means that 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6AF81DFE4AFA3260372C95" author="Sars" box="[386,516,1414,1439]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" refString="Sars, G. O. (1866) Oversigt af Norges marine Ostracoder. Forhandlinger I Videnskabs-Selskabet I Christiania, 1865,1 - 130." type="book" year="1866">Sars (1866)</bibRefCitation>
was correct in describing the species under the name “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6AF81DFBBDFA3266FC2C95" ID-CoL="MKPM" box="[1141,1231,1415,1439]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6AF81DFBBDFA3266FC2C95" box="[1141,1231,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” as far back as in the middle of the 19th century and that 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6AF81DFDB7FA1F617C2CC9" author="Aurivillius" box="[639,847,1450,1475]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" refString="Aurivillius, C. W. S. (1898) Vergleichende thiergeographische Untersuchungen uber die Plankton-Fauna des Skageraks in den Jahren 1893 - 1897. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Academiens Handlingar, 30, 1 - 427." type="journal article" year="1898">Aurivillius (1898)</bibRefCitation>
also was right, when referring to this species as belonging to the group of boreal organisms, although in that time 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6AF81DFCB7FA6561CA2CED" ID-CoL="MKPM" box="[895,1017,1487,1511]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6AF81DFCB7FA6561CA2CED" box="[895,1017,1487,1511]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">B. borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was known from subarctic waters of the Norwegian Sea only.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6AF81DFF0FF9A363792FE9" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
Taking into account all facts discussed above, the complete biogeographic-ecological characteristics of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6AF81DFA4CF9AD62C12F59" ID-CoL="MKPM" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6AF81DFA4CF9AD62C12F59" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">B. borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are as follows: it is an Atlantic, boreal-arctic, mesobathypelagic species that can rise into the lower horizons of the epipelagial zone. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6AF81DFDE8F9D560AC2F7D" ID-CoL="MKPM" box="[544,671,1631,1655]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6AF81DFDE8F9D560AC2F7D" box="[544,671,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">B. borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a biological indicator of relatively warm waters, which in the Atlantic, judging from its distribution, extend toward the south to approximately 30º N and into the Arctic Ocean at depths of 
<quantity id="4C829B733B6AF81DFEC2F91263B82FB5" box="[266,395,1703,1727]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="550.0" valueMax="900.0" valueMin="200.0">200–900 m</quantity>
in connection of the warm Atlantic Water layer mixed partially with surface waters of the Norwegian Sea.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6AF81CFF0FF95B636A29DF" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2015]" lastBlockId="39.[151,1437,151,536]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
Morphologically, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6AF81DFE5CF94560212E0D" ID-CoL="MKPM" box="[404,530,1775,1799]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6AF81DFE5CF94560212E0D" box="[404,530,1775,1799]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">B. borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to the cold-water species 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6AF81DFBC8F945664E2E0D" ID-CoL="MKPP" box="[1024,1149,1776,1799]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6AF81DFBC8F945664E2E0D" box="[1024,1149,1776,1799]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
co-inhabiting the Arctic regions. Due to displacements or turbulences in the sea, overlapping of these species occur. However, the two species are readily distinguished even as early juveniles stages by the rounded shoulder vaults in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6AF81DFB39F88D67582E45" ID-CoL="MKPP" box="[1265,1387,1848,1871]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6AF81DFB39F88D67582E45" box="[1265,1387,1848,1871]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and sharply edged shoulder vaults in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6AF81DFDEDF8EE60962E79" ID-CoL="MKPM" box="[549,677,1883,1907]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6AF81DFDEDF8EE60962E79" box="[549,677,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">B. borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but several authors have not made use of this species-specific character. Generally these two species occupy different vertical horizons; 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6AF81DFC2FF83566502E9D" ID-CoL="MKPM" box="[999,1123,1919,1943]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6AF81DFC2FF83566502E9D" box="[999,1123,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">B. borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
prefers waters of subarctic structure in the Atlantic, and it inhabits waters in the relatively warm Atlantic layer in the Arctic, while 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6AF81DFAECF81667AF2EB0" ID-CoL="MKPP" box="[1316,1436,1955,1978]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6AF81DFAECF81667AF2EB0" box="[1316,1436,1955,1978]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits Arctic waters in both oceans. As it was shown earlier (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6AF81DFC94F87366972ED5" author="Chavtur" box="[860,1188,1990,2015]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" refString="Chavtur, V. G. &amp; Bashmanov, A. G. (2007) Distribution and seasonal dynamics of Boroecia maxima (Ostracoda, Halocypridinae) in the Arctic Basin and adjacent waters of the Atlantic. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 33, 75 - 83. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1134 / S 1063074007020010" type="journal article" year="2007">Chavtur &amp; Bashmanov 2007</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6AF81DFB7FF87D671C2ED5" ID-CoL="MKPP" box="[1207,1327,1992,2015]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6AF81DFB7FF87D671C2ED5" box="[1207,1327,1992,2015]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">B. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a good indicator of Arctic waters, showing e.g. that in great depths of the Northern Atlantic, polar waters penetrate far toward the south.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6BF81CFF0FFF6A60DD288D" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Both species can be used as biological instruments to reveal hydroclimatic changes in the Northern Atlantic and Arctic Basin, where an abnormal extensive exchange of cold and warm waters between these two regions has already been observed. It is pertinent to note that geographical and vertical distribution of these two species was studied using materials collected primarily in 1930-es to 1960-es, when the processes of global climatic changes were not as clearly pronounced as they are at present.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6BF81CFF0FFE21660E2B12" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">The pelagic ostracod fauna in the Pacific sector of the Arctic is entirely isolated from that of the Northern Pacific due to shallowness of the Bering Strait, which is an ecological barrier between these two areas. By its distribution pattern, the fauna of this isolated sector belongs to the “oceanic” plankton and pelagic ostracods sampled in this area cannot be used as indicators for changes in thermal conditions.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF05661E3B6BF81CFF5FFDF066A62B56" box="[151,1173,580,604]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6BF81CFF5FFDF066A62B56" blockId="39.[151,1173,580,604]" box="[151,1173,580,604]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6BF81CFF5FFDF063392B56" bold="true" box="[151,266,580,604]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">TABLE 6.</emphasis>
Distribution and depth range of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D153B6BF81CFDAEFDF061102B56" ID-CoL="MKPM" box="[614,803,580,604]" class="Ostracoda" family="Halocyprididae" genus="Boroecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halocyprida" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B90EEA843B6BF81CFDAEFDF061102B56" box="[614,803,580,604]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Boroecia borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in different publications (Fig. 21).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6BF81CFF57FDCD61542B84" blockId="39.[159,1423,632,910]" box="[159,871,632,654]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Region Depth Authors</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6BF81CFF57FD1761932A84" blockId="39.[159,1423,632,910]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">
temperate waters of the North 65–3700 (3900) m 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6BF81CFCDDFD1461B72BBD" author="Gran" box="[789,900,673,695]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" refString="Gran, H. H. (1902) Das Plankton des Norwegischen Nordmeers von Biologischen und Hydrographischen Gesichtspunkten behandelt. Report of Norwegian Fisheries, 2, 1 - 222." type="journal article" year="1902">Gran 1902</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6BF81CFC46FD1466212BBD" author="Fowler" box="[910,1042,673,695]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" refString="Fowler, G. H. (1903) Contribution to our Knowledge of the Plankton of the Faeroe Channel VIII. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1903, 117 - 133." type="proceedings paper" year="1903">Fowler 1903</bibRefCitation>
; Cleve 1903; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6BF81CFB55FD1767262BBD" author="Vavra" box="[1181,1301,673,695]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" refString="Vavra, V. (1906) Die Ostracoden (Halocypriden und Cypridiniden) der Plankton-Expedition. In: Hensen, V. (Ed.), Ergebnisse der Plankton-Expedition der Humboldt-Stiftung. Band II. G. g. Lipsius &amp; Tischer, Kiel &amp; Leipzig, pp. 1 - 76." type="book chapter" year="1906">Vavra 1906</bibRefCitation>
;?Ostenfeld Atlantic 1906,?1931;? 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6BF81CFC60FD7567262BDC" author="Ostenfeld" box="[936,1301,704,726]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" refString="Ostenfeld, C. H. &amp; Wesenberg-Lund, C. (1909) Catalogue des especes de plantes et d'animaux observees dans le plankton recueilli pendant les expeditions periodiques depuis le mois d'aout 1905 jusqu'au mois de mai 1908. Conseil permanent international pour l'exploration de la mer, 48, 1 - 151." type="journal article" year="1909">Ostenfeld &amp; Wesenberg-Lund 1909</bibRefCitation>
;? 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6BF81CFAE0FD7561782BFE" author="Jorgensen" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" refString="Jorgensen, E. (1912) Bericht uber die von der schwedischen Hydrographisch-Biologischen Kommission in den schwedischen Gewassern in den Jahren 1909 - 1910 eingesammelten Planktonproben, Svenska Hydrografisk-Biologiska Kommissionens Skrifter, 4, 1 - 20. Goteborg. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 77316" type="journal article" year="1912">Jörgensen 1912</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6BF81CFC9DFD6B61CF2BFE" author="Skogsberg" box="[853,1020,734,756]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" refString="Skogsberg, T. (1920) Studies on marine ostracods. Pt. 1 (Cypridinids, Halocyprids and Polycopids). Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala, 1 (Supplement), 1 - 784." type="journal article" year="1920">Skogsberg 1920</bibRefCitation>
;? 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6BF81CFBC7FD6B669C2BFE" author="Davidson" box="[1039,1199,734,756]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" refString="Davidson, V. M. (1924) The Distribution of Certain Marine Ostracoda in the Canadian Waters of the Eastern Coast. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, 2, 295 - 306. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 24 - 013" type="journal article" year="1924">Davidson 1924</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BC536963B6BF81CFF57FC75677F2ADF" blockId="39.[159,1416,959,1111]" box="[159,1356,959,982]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">
Norwegian Sea 50–500 (2167) m 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6BF81CFCDDFC0A61452ADF" author="Sars" box="[789,886,959,981]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" refString="Sars, G. O. (1866) Oversigt af Norges marine Ostracoder. Forhandlinger I Videnskabs-Selskabet I Christiania, 1865,1 - 130." type="book" year="1866">Sars 1866</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6BF81CFC75FC0A66AD2ADF" author="Brady" box="[957,1182,959,981]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" refString="Brady, G. S. &amp; Norman, A. M. (1896) A monograph of the marine and freshwater Ostracoda of the North Atlantic and of North- Western Europe. Part 11., Sections II. to IV.: Myodocopa, Cladocopa, and Platicopa. The Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society, Series 2, 5, 621 - 784." type="journal article" year="1896">Brady &amp; Norman 1896</bibRefCitation>
; 
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? 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6BF81CFCD6FC55618C2AFC" author="Nordgaard" box="[798,959,992,1014]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1899) Contribution to the study of hydrography and biology on the coast of Norway. In: Hjort, J., Nordgaard, O. &amp; Gran, H. H. (Eds.), Report on Norwegian Marine Investigations 1895 - 97. Grieg, Bergen, pp. 3 - 33." type="book chapter" year="1899">Nordgaard 1899</bibRefCitation>
; Conceil permanent… 
<date id="FFC410563B6BF81CFB55FC55673F2AFC" box="[1181,1292,992,1014]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" value="1902" valueMax="1903">1902–1903</date>
, 
<date id="FFC410563B6BF81CFADDFC5567B72AFC" box="[1301,1412,992,1014]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" value="1903" valueMax="1904">1903–1904</date>
, 
<date id="FFC410563B6BF81CFCDDFBB461B72D1D" box="[789,900,1025,1047]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" value="1904" valueMax="1905">1904–1905</date>
, 
<date id="FFC410563B6BF81CFC46FBB461CE2D1D" box="[910,1021,1025,1047]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" value="1905" valueMax="1906">1905–1906</date>
, 
<date id="FFC410563B6BF81CFBCFFBB466462D1D" box="[1031,1141,1025,1047]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" value="1906" valueMax="1907">1906–1907</date>
, 
<date id="FFC410563B6BF81CFBB7FBB466DC2D1D" box="[1151,1263,1025,1047]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" value="1907" valueMax="1908">1907–1908</date>
; Apstein 1911;? 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6BF81CFCD6FB9461AA2D3D" author="Muller" box="[798,921,1057,1079]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" refString="Muller, G. W. (1912) Ostracoden. Das Tierreich, 31, 1 - 434." type="journal article" year="1912">Müller 1912</bibRefCitation>
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; 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6BF81CFA8FFBF467442D5D" author="Bashmanov" box="[1351,1399,1089,1111]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" refString="Bashmanov, A. G. &amp; Chavtur, V. G. (2009) Sostav I raspredelenie pelagicheskih ostracod (Ostracoda, Myodocopa) v Severnom Ledovitom okeane [Composition and distribution of pelagic ostracods (Ostracoda, Myodocopa) in the Arctic Ocean]. Biologya Morya, 35, 315 - 329. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
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Sea 
<pagination id="B2B3C8623B6BF81CFE21FB3B60012DAE" box="[489,562,1166,1188]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="pagination">5–1000</pagination>
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(3000) m 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B673B6BF81CFCDDFB3B618E2DAE" author="Aurivillius" box="[789,957,1166,1188]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" refString="Aurivillius, C. W. S. (1898) Vergleichende thiergeographische Untersuchungen uber die Plankton-Fauna des Skageraks in den Jahren 1893 - 1897. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Academiens Handlingar, 30, 1 - 427." type="journal article" year="1898">Aurivillius 1898</bibRefCitation>
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,? 
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6BF81CFF57FA8663422FB4" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">
<table id="F97AC4363B6B07C4FF5FFA8767442FB4" box="[151,1399,1330,1726]" gridcols="3" gridrows="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">
<tr id="354A34D43B6B07C4FF5FFA8767442CAE" box="[151,1399,1330,1444]" gridrow="0" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">
<th id="769B5DA83B6B07C4FF5FFA8763E02CAE" box="[151,467,1330,1444]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">warm “deep sea Atlantic water mass” of the Central Arctic</th>
<th id="769B5DA83B6B07C4FE21FA8760D22CAE" box="[489,737,1330,1444]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">(?25) 100–1000 (2000) m</th>
<th id="769B5DA83B6B07C4FCDDFA8767442CAE" box="[789,1399,1330,1444]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Sars 1886;?Müller 1901,?1912, 1931; Virketis 1957, 1959; Angel 1972, 1979a, 1983a;?Shih &amp; Laubitz 1978; Chavtur 1978, 1991a, 1991b, 1991c, 1992, 2001; Chavtur &amp; Bashmanov 2005; Bashmanov &amp; Chavtur 2008, 2009</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354A34D43B6B07C4FF5FFA6367442F35" box="[151,1399,1494,1599]" gridrow="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">
<th id="769B5DA83B6B07C4FF5FFA6363E02F35" box="[151,467,1494,1599]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Kara Sea Laptev Sea Baffin Bay</th>
<td id="769B5DA83B6B07C4FE21FA6360D22F35" box="[489,737,1494,1599]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">100–200 m 0–215 m 0–215 m</td>
<td id="769B5DA83B6B07C4FCDDFA6367442F35" box="[789,1399,1494,1599]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">?Yashnov 1927; Chavtur &amp; Bashmanov 2005 Linko 1913; Chavtur 2001; Chavtur &amp; Bashmanov 2008?Jespersen 1923</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354A34D43B6B07C4FF5FF91167442FB4" box="[151,1399,1700,1726]" gridrow="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="769B5DA83B6B07C4FF5FF91163E02FB4" box="[151,467,1700,1726]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Acknowledgment</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6BF81CFF5FF95E63F32EBD" blockId="39.[151,1437,1770,2011]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">
We wish to thank A.I. Golykov and B.I. Sirenko of the Institute of Zoology, Russian Academy of Science, for the planktonic material upon which this study was partially based and for the environmental data presented in station data herein. Also, we appreciate the comments and criticism of the manuscript by reviewers, especially by M.V. Angel and R. Matzke-Karasz, which helped us a lot. Beside, we wish to thank G.G. Stovbun (A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Vladivostok, 
<collectingCountry id="F36D76063B6BF81CFB79F8CF66CE2E99" box="[1201,1277,1914,1939]" name="Russia" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Russia</collectingCountry>
) for technical preparation of manuscript.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536963B6BF81CFF0FF877662D2ED1" blockId="39.[151,1437,1770,2011]" box="[199,1054,1986,2011]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Work was carried out by support of fund RFFI No 09-04-98566-r_vostok_a.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>