438 lines
56 KiB
XML
438 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="9D93B55E6175D6F8D783663304B7F5DE" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5032.4.5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5497117" ID-ZooBank="E84B3D64-EDE7-4143-B65F-8BAED6AD4744" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1631170493535" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Khodja, Ihcene, Mezali, Karim & Thandar, Ahmed S." docDate="2021" docId="03AB87B41167B31EFF44FAA6A954F802" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5032.4.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5032 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parastichopus regalis" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="556" masterDocId="FF92FFCC1162B319FFD3FFB3AA1DFFDE" masterDocTitle="Multiple records and polymorphism of Parastichopus regalis (Cuvier, 1817) (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Stichopodidae) along the Algerian coast" masterLastPageNumber="562" masterPageNumber="549" pageNumber="554" updateTime="1699405993659" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="9861F1D7851B9C18F6BEC72974E25C64">Multiple records and polymorphism of Parastichopus regalis (Cuvier, 1817) (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Stichopodidae) along the Algerian coast</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="663742E1AEBA3EAC1A12BED46690D773" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="583CCE85C86549ADFFD33A9E02726991">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="AE8EA5AF76D95896ED607E1167CB8C78">Khodja, Ihcene</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="36445E74E30A437AD7B1322BE1B9010E">Protection, Valorization of Coastal Marine Resources and Molecular Systematics Laboratory (PVCMRMS), Department of Marine Science and Aquaculture. Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life. Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University-Mostaganem, PO Box 227, Route nationale N ° 11, Kharrouba, 27000, Mostaganem, Algeria. & ihcene. khodja. etu @ univ-mosta. dz; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3905 - 974 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B3362EFE554EBA8C735502DB155DA7ED" type="email">ihcene.khodja.etu@univ-mosta.dz</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="128A6B72A70D0F83523003C8596D4A9C">Mezali, Karim</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6464C0E65589CD9574D8BEF4D0A86A28">Protection, Valorization of Coastal Marine Resources and Molecular Systematics Laboratory (PVCMRMS), Department of Marine Science and Aquaculture. Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life. Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University-Mostaganem, PO Box 227, Route nationale N ° 11, Kharrouba, 27000, Mostaganem, Algeria.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E1D87F735FDD48C78046EB0E03E6DDEE">Thandar, Ahmed S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AFEFF1A7E126CCD4354E99FC75FC997D">School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P / Bag X 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="DE7717679D6216A973A4A363AAC9E48D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="28D467CBBB6838821CD91160B76B3697">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D061153EB1532EFC02522DE77994801D">2021-09-09</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3A3DE8B580824396F278CCDDD5E83818">5032</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03AB87B41167B31EFF44FAA6A954F802" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5498931" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5498931" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB87B41167B31EFF44FAA6A954F802" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87B41167B31EFF44FAA6A954F802" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="556" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">
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<subSubSection id="C31865291167B31CFF44FAA6A909FAEE" box="[151,788,1301,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBD36A21167B31CFF44FAA6A909FAEE" blockId="5.[151,788,1301,1364]" box="[151,788,1301,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D211167B31CFF44FAA6A849FAF1" ID-CoL="762LS" authority="(Cuvier, 1817)" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[151,596,1301,1328]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Parastichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="regalis">
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<emphasis id="B976EAB01167B31CFF44FAA6AB81FAEE" bold="true" box="[151,412,1301,1328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">Parastichopus regalis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B531167B31CFE7FFAA6A851FAF1" author="Cuvier, G." box="[428,588,1301,1327]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" refId="ref6903" refString="Cuvier, G. (1817) Le regne animal distribue d'apres son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a l'anatomie comparee. Volume 2. Contenant les Reptiles, les Poissons, les Mollusques et les Annelides. Deterville, Paris, 528 pp." type="book" year="1817">Cuvier, 1817</bibRefCitation>
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)
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spotted morph
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBD36A21167B31CFF44FA89AB61FA8A" blockId="5.[151,788,1301,1364]" box="[151,380,1337,1364]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">
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<figureCitation id="13392A271167B31CFF44FA89AB03FA8A" box="[151,286,1337,1364]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1718,1742]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,1177,1201]" captionTargetBox-0="[204,1383,237,1692]" captionTargetBox-1="[203,1374,208,1119]" captionTargetId-0="figure-41@6.[204,1383,237,1694]" captionTargetId-1="figure-21@8.[198,1377,205,1120]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Morphological characters of spotted P. regalis. A. Dorsal view, blotches indicated by arrows (1). B. Ventral view spotted individual (note no blotches). C. Degradation of the dermis after 2 hours (individual not immediately preserved in ethanol). Scale bar = 1 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Ossicles of P. regalis (spotted) from different parts of the body. A. Anal region. a. Tables. b. Rods. B. Dorsal surface and papillae. a. Tables. b. Rods. C. Ventral surface and tube feet. D. Cloaca. a. Tables. b. Rods. c. End plates. E. Tentacles. a. Elongated rods. b. Branched rods. c. Arched rods. d. Dichotomously branched rods. Scale bar = 100 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5497125" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5497127" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5497125/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5497127/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">Figures 4–5</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C68003191167B31CFEF9FA89AB61FA8A" box="[298,380,1338,1364]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphological and anatomical characters of the two morphotypes of P. regalis (non-spotted and spotted)." pageId="5" pageNumber="554">Table 2</tableCitation>
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<emphasis id="B976EAB01167B31CFF44FA32AB99FA45" bold="true" box="[151,388,1409,1435]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">Material examined.</emphasis>
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LPVCMRMS2019.305; LPVCMRMS2019.306,
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2 specs. LPVCMRMS2019.307,
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LPVCMRMS2019.311; LPVCMRMS2019.312,
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2 specs. LPVCMRMS2019.310,
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<date id="FFBC10621167B31CFF2EF9A1AB88F9F2" box="[253,405,1554,1580]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" value="2019-06-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF8E98A1167B31CFF2EF9A1AB88F9F2" box="[253,405,1554,1580]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" value="2019-06-04">04 June 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D04FD2B1167B31CFE73F9A1ABF2F9F2" box="[416,495,1554,1580]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31865291167B31FFF14F986ABCEFF0B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="555" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A21167B31CFF14F986A9E6F8DA" blockId="5.[151,1437,1409,2012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB01167B31CFF14F986AB44F991" bold="true" box="[199,345,1589,1615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A271167B31CFE35F985A8A7F98E" box="[486,698,1590,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,237,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-41@6.[204,1383,237,1694]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Morphological characters of spotted P. regalis. A. Dorsal view, blotches indicated by arrows (1). B. Ventral view spotted individual (note no blotches). C. Degradation of the dermis after 2 hours (individual not immediately preserved in ethanol). Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5497125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5497125/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">Figures 4A and 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
) preserved length
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA9B471167B31CFC54F985AE01F98E" box="[903,1052,1590,1616]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9449999999999998" metricValueMax="2.4899999999999998" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" unit="cm" value="19.45" valueMax="24.9" valueMin="14.0">14–24.90 cm</quantity>
|
||
, contracted width
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA9B471167B31CFB34F986AF7DF98E" box="[1255,1376,1589,1616]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" unit="cm" value="5.75" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="4.0">4–7.50 cm</quantity>
|
||
; total weight
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA9B471167B31CFF39F9EAAB86F9AA" box="[234,411,1625,1652]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.4285" metricValueMax="14.35" metricValueMin="2.507" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" unit="g" value="84.285" valueMax="143.5" valueMin="25.07">25.07–143.50 g</quantity>
|
||
. Each with 5–7 brownish to dark red blotches on the bivium when alive (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A271167B31CFB15F9E9AF22F9AA" box="[1222,1343,1626,1652]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,237,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-41@6.[204,1383,237,1694]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Morphological characters of spotted P. regalis. A. Dorsal view, blotches indicated by arrows (1). B. Ventral view spotted individual (note no blotches). C. Degradation of the dermis after 2 hours (individual not immediately preserved in ethanol). Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5497125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5497125/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">Figure 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A271167B31CFAECF9E9AF54F9AA" box="[1343,1353,1626,1652]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1212,1236]" captionTargetBox="[202,1373,655,1178]" captionTargetId="figure-236@2.[197,1376,653,1188]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sampling stations of Parastichopus regalis along the Algerian coast (the numbered circles represent the sampled stations - see Table 1 for details of the stations)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5497119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5497119/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">1</figureCitation>
|
||
) disappearing after storage in ethanol. Morphological characters similar to non-spotted specimens described above. Dorsal body wall
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA9B471167B31CFEDDF911ABACF962" box="[270,433,1698,1724]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.71" metricValueMax="6.19" metricValueMin="1.23" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="3.71" valueMax="6.19" valueMin="1.23">1.23–6.19 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick; ventral body wall
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA9B471167B31CFD1FF911A972F962" box="[716,879,1698,1724]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9949999999999997" metricValueMax="6.77" metricValueMin="1.22" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="3.9949999999999997" valueMax="6.77" valueMin="1.22">1.22–6.77 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick. Polian vesicle single, average length
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA9B471167B31CFA8EF912AADBF93E" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.757" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="17.57">17.57 mm</quantity>
|
||
; stone canal also single, average length about
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA9B471167B31CFD1AF975A923F93E" box="[713,830,1734,1760]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.071" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="10.71">10.71 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Calcareous ring about
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA9B471167B31CFB97F975AE8EF93E" box="[1092,1171,1734,1760]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Longitudinal muscles flat, attached to body wall, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA9B471167B31CFD4BF95AA8E1F8DA" box="[664,764,1769,1796]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="6.75">6.75 mm</quantity>
|
||
in thickness (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68003191167B31CFC45F959A9F3F8DA" box="[918,1006,1770,1796]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphological and anatomical characters of the two morphotypes of P. regalis (non-spotted and spotted)." pageId="5" pageNumber="554">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A21167B31FFF14F8BEABCEFF0B" blockId="5.[151,1437,1409,2012]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,150,213]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="555" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB01167B31CFF14F8BEAB30F8F9" bold="true" box="[199,301,1805,1831]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">Ossicles.</emphasis>
|
||
Anal region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A271167B31CFE1AF8BDA85CF8F6" box="[457,577,1805,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1177,1201]" captionTargetBox="[203,1374,208,1119]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[198,1377,205,1120]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ossicles of P. regalis (spotted) from different parts of the body. A. Anal region. a. Tables. b. Rods. B. Dorsal surface and papillae. a. Tables. b. Rods. C. Ventral surface and tube feet. D. Cloaca. a. Tables. b. Rods. c. End plates. E. Tentacles. a. Elongated rods. b. Branched rods. c. Arched rods. d. Dichotomously branched rods. Scale bar = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5497127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5497127/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">Figure 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
), dorsal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A271167B31CFD78F8BDA93DF8F6" box="[683,800,1805,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1177,1201]" captionTargetBox="[203,1374,208,1119]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[198,1377,205,1120]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ossicles of P. regalis (spotted) from different parts of the body. A. Anal region. a. Tables. b. Rods. B. Dorsal surface and papillae. a. Tables. b. Rods. C. Ventral surface and tube feet. D. Cloaca. a. Tables. b. Rods. c. End plates. E. Tentacles. a. Elongated rods. b. Branched rods. c. Arched rods. d. Dichotomously branched rods. Scale bar = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5497127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5497127/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">Figure 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and ventral surfaces (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A271167B31CFBF1F8BDAE8BF8F6" box="[1058,1174,1805,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1177,1201]" captionTargetBox="[203,1374,208,1119]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[198,1377,205,1120]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ossicles of P. regalis (spotted) from different parts of the body. A. Anal region. a. Tables. b. Rods. B. Dorsal surface and papillae. a. Tables. b. Rods. C. Ventral surface and tube feet. D. Cloaca. a. Tables. b. Rods. c. End plates. E. Tentacles. a. Elongated rods. b. Branched rods. c. Arched rods. d. Dichotomously branched rods. Scale bar = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5497127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5497127/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">Figure 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
) present the same
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B988001167B31CFABFF8BDAF81F8F6" box="[1388,1436,1806,1832]" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of ossicles as non-spotted specimens. Table discs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A271167B31CFD33F881A950F892" box="[736,845,1841,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1177,1201]" captionTargetBox="[203,1374,208,1119]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[198,1377,205,1120]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ossicles of P. regalis (spotted) from different parts of the body. A. Anal region. a. Tables. b. Rods. B. Dorsal surface and papillae. a. Tables. b. Rods. C. Ventral surface and tube feet. D. Cloaca. a. Tables. b. Rods. c. End plates. E. Tentacles. a. Elongated rods. b. Branched rods. c. Arched rods. d. Dichotomously branched rods. Scale bar = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5497127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5497127/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">Figures 5</figureCitation>
|
||
Aa; 5Ba; 5Ca) 97.926 µm in average diameter and 7099.090 µm
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA9B471167B31CFEFFF8E4AB4EF8AE" box="[300,339,1878,1906]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="5" pageNumber="554" unit="in" value="2.0">² in</quantity>
|
||
total area. Spire 4-pillared, about 67.521 µm high, 64.691 µm wide, with 3–4 cross-bars. Papillae and pedicels include perforated rods (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A271167B31CFDE8F8C9A8B8F84A" box="[571,677,1913,1940]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1177,1201]" captionTargetBox="[203,1374,208,1119]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[198,1377,205,1120]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ossicles of P. regalis (spotted) from different parts of the body. A. Anal region. a. Tables. b. Rods. B. Dorsal surface and papillae. a. Tables. b. Rods. C. Ventral surface and tube feet. D. Cloaca. a. Tables. b. Rods. c. End plates. E. Tentacles. a. Elongated rods. b. Branched rods. c. Arched rods. d. Dichotomously branched rods. Scale bar = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5497127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5497127/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">Figures 5</figureCitation>
|
||
Ab; 5Bb; 5Cb) as in the non-spotted morph, 265.026 µm in average length. Complete pedicel end plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A271167B31CFDE9F82DA887F866" box="[570,666,1949,1976]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1177,1201]" captionTargetBox="[203,1374,208,1119]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[198,1377,205,1120]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ossicles of P. regalis (spotted) from different parts of the body. A. Anal region. a. Tables. b. Rods. B. Dorsal surface and papillae. a. Tables. b. Rods. C. Ventral surface and tube feet. D. Cloaca. a. Tables. b. Rods. c. End plates. E. Tentacles. a. Elongated rods. b. Branched rods. c. Arched rods. d. Dichotomously branched rods. Scale bar = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5497127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5497127/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
Cc) circular, average diameter 439.218 µm; oval end plates 197.766 µm in mean length and 84.328 µm in mean width. Cloaca (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A271167B31CFCF9F871A982F802" box="[810,927,1985,2012]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1177,1201]" captionTargetBox="[203,1374,208,1119]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[198,1377,205,1120]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ossicles of P. regalis (spotted) from different parts of the body. A. Anal region. a. Tables. b. Rods. B. Dorsal surface and papillae. a. Tables. b. Rods. C. Ventral surface and tube feet. D. Cloaca. a. Tables. b. Rods. c. End plates. E. Tentacles. a. Elongated rods. b. Branched rods. c. Arched rods. d. Dichotomously branched rods. Scale bar = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5497127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5497127/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="554">Figure 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
) presents dichotomously branched rods. Tentacle rods (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A271164B31FFEC7FF24AB95FF6F" box="[276,392,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1177,1201]" captionTargetBox="[203,1374,208,1119]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[198,1377,205,1120]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ossicles of P. regalis (spotted) from different parts of the body. A. Anal region. a. Tables. b. Rods. B. Dorsal surface and papillae. a. Tables. b. Rods. C. Ventral surface and tube feet. D. Cloaca. a. Tables. b. Rods. c. End plates. E. Tentacles. a. Elongated rods. b. Branched rods. c. Arched rods. d. Dichotomously branched rods. Scale bar = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5497127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5497127/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="555">Figure 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
) elongated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A271164B31FFDC6FF24A868FF6F" box="[533,629,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1177,1201]" captionTargetBox="[203,1374,208,1119]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[198,1377,205,1120]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ossicles of P. regalis (spotted) from different parts of the body. A. Anal region. a. Tables. b. Rods. B. Dorsal surface and papillae. a. Tables. b. Rods. C. Ventral surface and tube feet. D. Cloaca. a. Tables. b. Rods. c. End plates. E. Tentacles. a. Elongated rods. b. Branched rods. c. Arched rods. d. Dichotomously branched rods. Scale bar = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5497127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5497127/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="555">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
Ea), or arched (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A271164B31FFCF5FF24A99BFF6F" box="[806,902,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1177,1201]" captionTargetBox="[203,1374,208,1119]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[198,1377,205,1120]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ossicles of P. regalis (spotted) from different parts of the body. A. Anal region. a. Tables. b. Rods. B. Dorsal surface and papillae. a. Tables. b. Rods. C. Ventral surface and tube feet. D. Cloaca. a. Tables. b. Rods. c. End plates. E. Tentacles. a. Elongated rods. b. Branched rods. c. Arched rods. d. Dichotomously branched rods. Scale bar = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5497127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5497127/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="555">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
Ec), branched (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A271164B31FFBE0FF24AE8EFF6F" box="[1075,1171,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1177,1201]" captionTargetBox="[203,1374,208,1119]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[198,1377,205,1120]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ossicles of P. regalis (spotted) from different parts of the body. A. Anal region. a. Tables. b. Rods. B. Dorsal surface and papillae. a. Tables. b. Rods. C. Ventral surface and tube feet. D. Cloaca. a. Tables. b. Rods. c. End plates. E. Tentacles. a. Elongated rods. b. Branched rods. c. Arched rods. d. Dichotomously branched rods. Scale bar = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5497127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5497127/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="555">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
Eb) and dichotomously branched rods (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A271164B31FFE97FF08ABBFFF0B" box="[324,418,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1177,1201]" captionTargetBox="[203,1374,208,1119]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[198,1377,205,1120]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ossicles of P. regalis (spotted) from different parts of the body. A. Anal region. a. Tables. b. Rods. B. Dorsal surface and papillae. a. Tables. b. Rods. C. Ventral surface and tube feet. D. Cloaca. a. Tables. b. Rods. c. End plates. E. Tentacles. a. Elongated rods. b. Branched rods. c. Arched rods. d. Dichotomously branched rods. Scale bar = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5497127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5497127/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="555">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
Ed).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF7D662A1164B31FFF44F905AB63F8C8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5497125" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5497125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5497125/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" startId="6.[151,250,1718,1742]" targetBox="[204,1383,237,1692]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A21164B31FFF44F905AB63F8C8" blockId="6.[151,1437,1718,1814]" pageId="6" pageNumber="555">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB01164B31FFF44F905AB09F910" bold="true" box="[151,276,1718,1742]" pageId="6" pageNumber="555">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphological characters of spotted
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D211164B31FFD41F904A8ECF910" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[658,753,1718,1742]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Parastichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" pageId="6" pageNumber="555" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="regalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB01164B31FFD41F904A8ECF910" box="[658,753,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="555">P. regalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB01164B31FFD2CF905A90CF910" bold="true" box="[767,785,1718,1742]" pageId="6" pageNumber="555">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal view, blotches indicated by arrows (1).
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB01164B31FFB2EF905AF13F910" bold="true" box="[1277,1294,1718,1742]" pageId="6" pageNumber="555">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral view spotted individual (note no blotches).
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB01164B31FFDC5F969A835F92C" bold="true" box="[534,552,1754,1778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="555">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Degradation of the dermis after 2 hours (individual not immediately preserved in ethanol). Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7D662A1165B31EFF44FF24AF68FF71" box="[151,1397,151,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" startId="7.[151,239,151,175]">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A21165B31EFF44FF24AF68FF71" blockId="7.[151,1397,151,175]" box="[151,1397,151,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB01165B31EFF44FF24AB17FF71" bold="true" box="[151,266,151,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphological and anatomical characters of the two morphotypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D211165B31EFC20FF2BAE4BFF71" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[1011,1110,151,175]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Parastichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="regalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB01165B31EFC20FF2BAE4BFF71" box="[1011,1110,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">P. regalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(non-spotted and spotted).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A21165B31EFF75FF0CAEBFF9F4" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<table id="F902C40211654CE6FF75FF0CAF69F9F4" box="[166,1396,191,1578]" gridcols="3" gridrows="34" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FF0CAF69FF09" box="[166,1396,191,215]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FF0CA882FF09" box="[166,671,191,215]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Morphotype</th>
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FF0CAE31FF09" box="[784,1068,191,215]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB01165B31EFCC3FF0CA989FF09" bold="true" box="[784,916,191,215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Non-spotted</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FB83FF0CAF69FF09" box="[1104,1396,191,215]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB01165B31EFB83FF0CAEBEFF09" bold="true" box="[1104,1187,191,215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Spotted</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FF54AF69FF21" box="[166,1396,231,255]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FF54AF69FF21" box="[166,1396,231,255]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB01165B31EFF75FF54ABA0FF21" bold="true" box="[166,445,231,255]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Morphological characters</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FEBCAF69FEF9" box="[166,1396,271,295]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FEBCA882FEF9" box="[166,671,271,295]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Ventral body shape</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FEBCAE31FEF9" box="[784,1068,271,295]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">sole like</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FE84AF69FE8E" box="[166,1396,311,336]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FE84A882FE8E" box="[166,671,311,336]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Contracted length (cm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FE84AE31FE8E" box="[784,1068,311,336]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">10.50–20.50</td>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FB83FE84AF69FE8E" box="[1104,1396,311,336]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">14–24.90</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FED3AF69FEA6" box="[166,1396,352,376]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FED3A882FEA6" box="[166,671,352,376]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Contracted width (cm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FED3AE31FEA6" box="[784,1068,352,376]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">3–5.90</td>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FB83FED3AF69FEA6" box="[1104,1396,352,376]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">4–7.50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FE3BAF69FE7E" box="[166,1396,392,416]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FE3BA882FE7E" box="[166,671,392,416]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Consistency of body wall</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FE3BAE31FE7E" box="[784,1068,392,416]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">soft, gelatinous</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FE03AF69FE16" box="[166,1396,432,456]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FE03A882FE16" box="[166,671,432,456]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Total weight (g)</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FE03AE31FE16" box="[784,1068,432,456]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">9.34–71.24</td>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FB83FE03AF69FE16" box="[1104,1396,432,456]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">25.07–143.50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FE6AAF69FE2F" box="[166,1396,473,497]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FE6AA882FE2F" box="[166,671,473,497]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Dorsal body wall thickness (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FE6AAE31FE2F" box="[784,1068,473,497]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">1.69–4.74</td>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FB83FE6AAF69FE2F" box="[1104,1396,473,497]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">1.23–6.19</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FDB2AF69FDC7" box="[166,1396,513,537]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FDB2A882FDC7" box="[166,671,513,537]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Ventral body wall thickness (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FDB2AE31FDC7" box="[784,1068,513,537]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">1–5.01</td>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FB83FDB2AF69FDC7" box="[1104,1396,513,537]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">1.22–6.77</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FD9AAF69FD9F" box="[166,1396,553,577]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FD9AA882FD9F" box="[166,671,553,577]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Colour of the trivium</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FD9AAF69FD9F" box="[784,1396,553,577]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">brown and bright red in the center</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FDE2AF69FDB7" box="[166,1396,593,617]" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FDE2A882FDB7" box="[166,671,593,617]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Colour of the papillae</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FDE2AE31FDB7" box="[784,1068,593,617]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">White</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FDC9AF69FD4C" box="[166,1396,634,658]" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FDC9A882FD4C" box="[166,671,634,658]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Shape of the bivium</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FDC9AE31FD4C" box="[784,1068,634,658]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Arched</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FD11AF69FD00" box="[166,1396,674,734]" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FD11A882FD00" box="[166,671,674,734]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Colour of the bivium</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FD11AE31FD00" box="[784,1068,674,734]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">reddish brown</td>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FB83FD11AF69FD00" box="[1104,1396,674,734]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">reddish brown with 5–7 dark blotches</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FD5DAF69FCD8" box="[166,1396,750,774]" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FD5DA882FCD8" box="[166,671,750,774]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Disposition of the pedicels (bivium)</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FD5DAE31FCD8" box="[784,1068,750,774]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">In more of less regular rows</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FCA5AF69FCF0" box="[166,1396,790,814]" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FCA5A882FCF0" box="[166,671,790,814]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Position of the mouth</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FCA5AE31FCF0" box="[784,1068,790,814]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Ventral</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FC8DAF69FC88" box="[166,1396,830,854]" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FC8DA882FC88" box="[166,671,830,854]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Position of the anus</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FC8DAE31FC88" box="[784,1068,830,854]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Terminal</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FCD4AF69FCA1" box="[166,1396,871,895]" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FCD4A882FCA1" box="[166,671,871,895]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Number of tentacles</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FCD4AE31FCA1" box="[784,1068,871,895]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">20</td>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FB83FCD4AF69FCA1" box="[1104,1396,871,895]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FC3DAF69FC79" box="[166,1396,910,935]" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FC3DAF69FC79" box="[166,1396,910,935]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB01165B31EFF75FC3CABA5FC78" bold="true" box="[166,440,910,935]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Internal characters (mm)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FC04AF69FC11" box="[166,1396,951,975]" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FC04A882FC11" box="[166,671,951,975]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Tentacle ampullae length</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FC04AE31FC11" box="[784,1068,951,975]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">1.10–13</td>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FB83FC04AF69FC11" box="[1104,1396,951,975]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">5.94–13</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FC6CAF69FC29" box="[166,1396,991,1015]" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FC6CA882FC29" box="[166,671,991,1015]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Polian vesicle length</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FC6CAE31FC29" box="[784,1068,991,1015]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">12.54–25.19</td>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FB83FC6CAF69FC29" box="[1104,1396,991,1015]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">12.53–21.69</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FBB4AF69FBC1" box="[166,1396,1031,1055]" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FBB4A882FBC1" box="[166,671,1031,1055]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Stone canal length</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FBB4AE31FBC1" box="[784,1068,1031,1055]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">6.97–13</td>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FB83FBB4AF69FBC1" box="[1104,1396,1031,1055]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">8.12–12.37</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FB83AF69FB96" box="[166,1396,1072,1096]" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FB83A882FB96" box="[166,671,1072,1096]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Shape of the madreporite</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FB83AE31FB96" box="[784,1068,1072,1096]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Spherical</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FBEBAF69FBAE" box="[166,1396,1112,1136]" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FBEBA882FBAE" box="[166,671,1112,1136]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Longitudinal muscles edges</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FBEBAE31FBAE" box="[784,1068,1112,1136]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Flat, attached</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FB33AF69FB46" box="[166,1396,1152,1176]" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FB33A882FB46" box="[166,671,1152,1176]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Average width of longitudinal muscles</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FB33AE31FB46" box="[784,1068,1152,1176]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">3.39–7.30</td>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FB83FB33AF69FB46" box="[1104,1396,1152,1176]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">4.49–13.79</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FB1BAF69FB1E" box="[166,1396,1192,1216]" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FB1BA882FB1E" box="[166,671,1192,1216]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Diameter of calcareous ring</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FB1BAE31FB1E" box="[784,1068,1192,1216]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">8.75–12.28</td>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FB83FB1BAF69FB1E" box="[1104,1396,1192,1216]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">9.28–17.20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FB63AF69FB36" box="[166,1396,1232,1256]" gridrow="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FB63AF69FB36" box="[166,1396,1232,1256]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB01165B31EFF75FB63A838FB36" bold="true" box="[166,549,1232,1256]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Endoskeletal characters mean (µm)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FB4BAF69FACE" box="[166,1396,1272,1296]" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FB4BA882FACE" box="[166,671,1272,1296]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Diameter of table discs</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FB4BAE31FACE" box="[784,1068,1272,1296]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">99.668</td>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FB83FB4BAF69FACE" box="[1104,1396,1272,1296]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">97.926</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FA93AF69FAE7" box="[166,1396,1312,1337]" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FA93A882FAE7" box="[166,671,1312,1337]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Length of perforated rods of papillae and pedicels</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FA93AE31FAE7" box="[784,1068,1312,1337]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">222.837</td>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FB83FA93AF69FAE7" box="[1104,1396,1312,1337]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">265.026</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FAFAAF69FABF" box="[166,1396,1353,1377]" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FAFAA882FABF" box="[166,671,1353,1377]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Length of oval end plates</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FAFAAE31FABF" box="[784,1068,1353,1377]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">146.424</td>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FB83FAFAAF69FABF" box="[1104,1396,1353,1377]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">197.766</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FAC2AF69FA57" box="[166,1396,1393,1417]" gridrow="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FAC2A882FA57" box="[166,671,1393,1417]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Width of oval end plates</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FAC2AE31FA57" box="[784,1068,1393,1417]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">86.150</td>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FB83FAC2AF69FA57" box="[1104,1396,1393,1417]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">84.328</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FA2AAF69FA6F" box="[166,1396,1433,1457]" gridrow="30" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FA2AA882FA6F" box="[166,671,1433,1457]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Diameter of the complete end plates</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FA2AAE31FA6F" box="[784,1068,1433,1457]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">209.472</td>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FB83FA2AAF69FA6F" box="[1104,1396,1433,1457]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">439.218</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FA71AF69FA04" box="[166,1396,1474,1498]" gridrow="31" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FA71A882FA04" box="[166,671,1474,1498]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Length of elongated rods of tentacles</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FA71AE31FA04" box="[784,1068,1474,1498]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">600.410</td>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FB83FA71AF69FA04" box="[1104,1396,1474,1498]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">809.232</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75FA59AF69F9DC" box="[166,1396,1514,1538]" gridrow="32" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75FA59A882F9DC" box="[166,671,1514,1538]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Length of arched rods of tentacles</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3FA59AE31F9DC" box="[784,1068,1514,1538]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">663.903</td>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FB83FA59AF69F9DC" box="[1104,1396,1514,1538]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">459.545</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353234E011654CE6FF75F9A1AF69F9F4" box="[166,1396,1554,1578]" gridrow="33" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<th id="76E35D9C11654CE6FF75F9A1A882F9F4" box="[166,671,1554,1578]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Length of branched rods of tentacles</th>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FCC3F9A1AE31F9F4" box="[784,1068,1554,1578]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">788.369</td>
|
||
<td id="76E35D9C11654CE6FB83F9A1AF69F9F4" box="[1104,1396,1554,1578]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">688.710</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31865291165B31EFF14F9E9A954F802" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A21165B31EFF14F9E9A96EF8F6" blockId="7.[151,1437,1626,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB01165B31EFF14F9E9AB26F9AA" bold="true" box="[199,315,1626,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Both spotted and non-spotted
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D211165B31EFD73F9E9A984F9AA" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[672,921,1626,1652]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Parastichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="regalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB01165B31EFD73F9E9A984F9AA" box="[672,921,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Parastichopus regalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
individuals degrade very quickly if they are not immediately preserved in ethanol, after collection. The dermis rapidly disintegrates and the texture of the body becomes gelatinous, spreading out on the support on which the specimen is placed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13392A271165B31EFB8EF911AECBF962" box="[1117,1238,1698,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,237,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-41@6.[204,1383,237,1694]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Morphological characters of spotted P. regalis. A. Dorsal view, blotches indicated by arrows (1). B. Ventral view spotted individual (note no blotches). C. Degradation of the dermis after 2 hours (individual not immediately preserved in ethanol). Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5497125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5497125/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Figure 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). This reaction is probably due to the stress during fishing operation and/or exposure to light or change in pressure and/or temperature, since fished from waters more than
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA9B471165B31EFDB7F959A880F8DA" box="[612,669,1770,1796]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" unit="m" value="36.0">36 m</quantity>
|
||
deep. The ability to lose a piece of dermis from the body wall when in danger has been observed in many holothuroids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B531165B31EFD0AF8BDA97BF8F6" author="Kropp, R. K." box="[729,870,1806,1832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" pagination="445 - 452" refId="ref7712" refString="Kropp, R. K. (1982) Responses of five holothurian species to attacks by a predatory gastropod, Tonna perdix. Pacific Science, 36 (4), 445 - 452." type="journal article" year="1982">Kropp 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A21165B31EFF14F881A954F802" blockId="7.[151,1437,1626,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">The use of formalin, although good for fixation, does not allow for better preservation because the body does not keep its original shape and the ossicles tend to corrode rapidly. Hence, alcohol is recommended although the bright red colour of the ventral surface as well as the dark spots on the dorsal surface (when present) do disappear. The thickness of the body wall can vary from one individual to another since the general texture of the body wall is very soft, thus not rigid enough to maintain the original form.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |