treatments-xml/data/03/A9/BF/03A9BF1CAE0DFFBD7BA4B949FEAA77E3.xml

<document id="2AC0546BEFADF8BDAD974B88DC0E9B01" ID-DOI="10.1186/s41200-016-0011-z" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8957e46a-8f5f-4936-bc68-d390be650634" ID-Zenodo-Dep="269461" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1460990072293" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nancy Yolimar Suárez-Mozo &amp; Michel E. Hendrickx" docDate="2016" docId="03A9BF1CAE0DFFBD7BA4B949FEAA77E3" docLanguage="en" docName="art%3A10.1186%2Fs41200-016-0011-z.pdf" docOrigin="Marine Biodiversity Records 9" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Tripoplax balaenophila Schwabe &amp; Sellanes 2004" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="FF90C764AE0CFFB97B08BA04FFDA720E" masterDocTitle="New record for the deep-sea genus Tripoplax (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) in the eastern Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="6" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698561654041" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="1B44EBA865EA681843E4C45C72077EBC">New record for the deep-sea genus Tripoplax (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) in the eastern Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3113D6E75DBFA8AFC1DCCC8B567B7B6D">Nancy Yolimar Suárez-Mozo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4B50D77BE5DF568D83E406E0E6EA11E9">Michel E. Hendrickx</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="ACA5C10D3EBBA12DD24289E5B930CA07">Marine Biodiversity Records</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="36AAAA2CFD6CC0B23B6A4D312AA3D18B">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A9BF1CAE0DFFBD7BA4B949FEAA77E3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6057969" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119596639" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6057969" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A9BF1CAE0DFFBD7BA4B949FEAA77E3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A9BF1CAE0DFFBD7BA4B949FEAA77E3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection id="C31A5D81AE0DFFB87BA4B949FCD9716B" box="[172,771,845,869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBF0E0AAE0DFFB87BA4B949FCD9716B" blockId="1.[151,771,620,901]" box="[172,771,845,869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0DFFB87BA4B949FCD9716B" ID-CoL="58Z3M" authority="Schwabe &amp; Sellanes, 2004" authorityName="Schwabe &amp; Sellanes" authorityYear="2004" box="[172,771,845,869]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balaenophila">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0DFFB87BA4B949FEC2716A" box="[172,280,845,868]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Tripoplax</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0DFFB87A49B949FE15716A" box="[321,463,845,868]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">balaenophila</emphasis>
(Schwabe &amp; Sellanes, 2004)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A5D81AE0DFFB87BA4B969FF32718B" box="[172,232,877,901]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBF0E0AAE0DFFB87BA4B969FF32718B" blockId="1.[151,771,620,901]" box="[172,232,877,901]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<figureCitation id="133B128FAE0DFFB87BA4B969FF32718B" box="[172,232,877,901]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[167,198,1746,1766]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,236,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[284,1305,253,1729]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1 Tripoplax cf. balaenophila (Schwabe &amp; Sellanes, 2004) (EMU- 10817). a - f, TL 13.76 mm; H-I, TL 11.21 mm. a Dorsal view of first valve, scale bar: 1 mm. b Ventral view of the first valve, scale bar: 1 mm. c Dorsal view of the tail valve, scale bar: 1 mm. d Ventral view of the tail valve, scale bar: 1 mm. e Dorsal view of valve v, scale bar: 1 mm. f ventral view of valve v, scale bar: 1 mm. g Dorsal girdle scales, scale bar: 100 μm. h Lateral view girdle scales, scale bar: 200 μm. i Dorsal view, head region on top, scale bar: 5 mm. j Ventral view, head region on top, scale bar: 5 mm. k Detail of radula, showing teeth, scale bar: 200 μm. l Anterior portion of radula, scale bar: 200 μm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269462/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A5D81AE0DFFB87B9FB9AAFD12762B" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBF0E0AAE0DFFB87B9FB9AAFE8771CA" blockId="1.[151,775,942,1061]" box="[151,349,942,964]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="D0F7B966AE0DFFB87B9FB9AAFE8771CA" bold="true" box="[151,349,942,964]" fontSize="9" level="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0DFFB87B9FB9AAFE8771CA" bold="true" box="[151,349,942,964]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF0E0AAE0DFFB87B9FB9C9FD12762B" blockId="1.[151,775,942,1061]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<materialsCitation id="3B680457AE0DFFB87B9FB9C9FD12762B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1265154005" collectingDate="2012-08-01" collectingcountry="Mexico" collectionCode="EMU" country="Mexico" elevation="-578" latitude="27.136389" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-114.54833" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" specimenCode="EMU-10816, 10817" specimenCount="5">
TALUD XV, St. 23, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3468CDAE0DFFB87A75B9C9FDDB71EB" box="[381,513,972,997]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="15" value="27.136389">27°08´11&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3468CDAE0DFFB87919B9C9FD7071EB" box="[529,682,972,997]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="15" value="-114.54833">114°32´54&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate id="EFFAD122AE0DFFB879B1B9C9FF2B760B" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2012-08-01">
<date id="FFBE28CAAE0DFFB879B1B9C9FF2B760B" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2012-08-01">August 1, 2012</date>
</collectingDate>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D06C583AE0DFFB87A0FB9E9FE4D760B" box="[263,407,1005,1029]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
(TL 
<quantity id="4CF8A3EFAE0DFFB87AEAB9E9FD4D760B" box="[482,663,1004,1029]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.029" metricValueMax="1.376" metricValueMin="0.682" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="10.29" valueMax="13.76" valueMin="6.82">6.82–13.76 mm</quantity>
), benthic sledge, 
<elevation id="002DE939AE0DFFB87BE0BE09FEBE762B" box="[232,356,1036,1061]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.775" metricValueMax="6.25" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="m" value="577.5" valueMax="625.0" valueMin="530.0">
<quantity id="4CF8A3EFAE0DFFB87BE0BE09FEBE762B" box="[232,356,1036,1061]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.775" metricValueMax="6.25" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="m" value="577.5" valueMax="625.0" valueMin="530.0">530–625 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth (
<specimenCode id="DBA6A671AE0DFFB87AB1BE09FD9A762B" box="[441,576,1037,1061]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">EMU-10816</specimenCode>
and 
<specimenCode id="DBA6A671AE0DFFB8797FBE09FD66762B" box="[631,700,1037,1061]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">10817</specimenCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A5D81AE0DFFB87B9FBE4AFB0871EB" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBF0E0AAE0DFFB87B9FBE4AFE55766A" blockId="1.[151,775,1102,1957]" box="[151,399,1102,1124]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="D0F7B966AE0DFFB87B9FBE4AFE55766A" bold="true" box="[151,399,1102,1124]" fontSize="9" level="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0DFFB87B9FBE4AFE55766A" bold="true" box="[151,399,1102,1124]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Morphological remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF0E0AAE0DFFB87B9FBE69FDB4752B" blockId="1.[151,775,1102,1957]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Small-sized animal (TL, 13.76, 11.21, 10.22, 6.98 and 6.82 mm) (
<figureCitation id="133B128FAE0DFFB87A1ABE89FE9476AB" box="[274,334,1165,1189]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[167,198,1746,1766]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,236,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[284,1305,253,1729]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1 Tripoplax cf. balaenophila (Schwabe &amp; Sellanes, 2004) (EMU- 10817). a - f, TL 13.76 mm; H-I, TL 11.21 mm. a Dorsal view of first valve, scale bar: 1 mm. b Ventral view of the first valve, scale bar: 1 mm. c Dorsal view of the tail valve, scale bar: 1 mm. d Ventral view of the tail valve, scale bar: 1 mm. e Dorsal view of valve v, scale bar: 1 mm. f ventral view of valve v, scale bar: 1 mm. g Dorsal girdle scales, scale bar: 100 μm. h Lateral view girdle scales, scale bar: 200 μm. i Dorsal view, head region on top, scale bar: 5 mm. j Ventral view, head region on top, scale bar: 5 mm. k Detail of radula, showing teeth, scale bar: 200 μm. l Anterior portion of radula, scale bar: 200 μm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269462/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
i, j). Color yellowish-beige, girdle of the same ground color, with slightly darker bands. Tegmentum. General valve sculpture consisting of very fine granules arranged in quincunx (
<figureCitation id="133B128FAE0DFFB87918BEE9FD8B770B" box="[528,593,1261,1285]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[167,198,1746,1766]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,236,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[284,1305,253,1729]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1 Tripoplax cf. balaenophila (Schwabe &amp; Sellanes, 2004) (EMU- 10817). a - f, TL 13.76 mm; H-I, TL 11.21 mm. a Dorsal view of first valve, scale bar: 1 mm. b Ventral view of the first valve, scale bar: 1 mm. c Dorsal view of the tail valve, scale bar: 1 mm. d Ventral view of the tail valve, scale bar: 1 mm. e Dorsal view of valve v, scale bar: 1 mm. f ventral view of valve v, scale bar: 1 mm. g Dorsal girdle scales, scale bar: 100 μm. h Lateral view girdle scales, scale bar: 200 μm. i Dorsal view, head region on top, scale bar: 5 mm. j Ventral view, head region on top, scale bar: 5 mm. k Detail of radula, showing teeth, scale bar: 200 μm. l Anterior portion of radula, scale bar: 200 μm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269462/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
a, c, e), readily visible on the head valve, lateral areas and postmucronal area. Articulamentum consisting of a thin translucent white layer. Insertion plates short, with broad, sharp teeth (
<figureCitation id="133B128FAE0DFFB87BE8BF69FEC7778B" box="[224,285,1389,1413]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[167,198,1746,1766]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,236,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[284,1305,253,1729]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1 Tripoplax cf. balaenophila (Schwabe &amp; Sellanes, 2004) (EMU- 10817). a - f, TL 13.76 mm; H-I, TL 11.21 mm. a Dorsal view of first valve, scale bar: 1 mm. b Ventral view of the first valve, scale bar: 1 mm. c Dorsal view of the tail valve, scale bar: 1 mm. d Ventral view of the tail valve, scale bar: 1 mm. e Dorsal view of valve v, scale bar: 1 mm. f ventral view of valve v, scale bar: 1 mm. g Dorsal girdle scales, scale bar: 100 μm. h Lateral view girdle scales, scale bar: 200 μm. i Dorsal view, head region on top, scale bar: 5 mm. j Ventral view, head region on top, scale bar: 5 mm. k Detail of radula, showing teeth, scale bar: 200 μm. l Anterior portion of radula, scale bar: 200 μm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269462/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
b, f). Slit formula: 10/1-2/17 (vs. 10/1-2/12 in the holotype), slit rays present. Ctenidia (or gills) in a holobranchial arrangement, left and right series of ctenidia counting 17–18 (
<figureCitation id="133B128FAE0DFFB87A86BFC9FE1677EB" box="[398,460,1485,1509]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[167,198,1746,1766]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,236,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[284,1305,253,1729]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1 Tripoplax cf. balaenophila (Schwabe &amp; Sellanes, 2004) (EMU- 10817). a - f, TL 13.76 mm; H-I, TL 11.21 mm. a Dorsal view of first valve, scale bar: 1 mm. b Ventral view of the first valve, scale bar: 1 mm. c Dorsal view of the tail valve, scale bar: 1 mm. d Ventral view of the tail valve, scale bar: 1 mm. e Dorsal view of valve v, scale bar: 1 mm. f ventral view of valve v, scale bar: 1 mm. g Dorsal girdle scales, scale bar: 100 μm. h Lateral view girdle scales, scale bar: 200 μm. i Dorsal view, head region on top, scale bar: 5 mm. j Ventral view, head region on top, scale bar: 5 mm. k Detail of radula, showing teeth, scale bar: 200 μm. l Anterior portion of radula, scale bar: 200 μm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269462/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
j). Perinotum. Girdle rather small, covered with larger rectangular scales (&gt;100 μm), the later sculptured with about 10 radial ribs (
<figureCitation id="133B128FAE0DFFB8799ABC09FD16742B" box="[658,716,1549,1573]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[167,198,1746,1766]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,236,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[284,1305,253,1729]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1 Tripoplax cf. balaenophila (Schwabe &amp; Sellanes, 2004) (EMU- 10817). a - f, TL 13.76 mm; H-I, TL 11.21 mm. a Dorsal view of first valve, scale bar: 1 mm. b Ventral view of the first valve, scale bar: 1 mm. c Dorsal view of the tail valve, scale bar: 1 mm. d Ventral view of the tail valve, scale bar: 1 mm. e Dorsal view of valve v, scale bar: 1 mm. f ventral view of valve v, scale bar: 1 mm. g Dorsal girdle scales, scale bar: 100 μm. h Lateral view girdle scales, scale bar: 200 μm. i Dorsal view, head region on top, scale bar: 5 mm. j Ventral view, head region on top, scale bar: 5 mm. k Detail of radula, showing teeth, scale bar: 200 μm. l Anterior portion of radula, scale bar: 200 μm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269462/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
g, h). Radula (
<figureCitation id="133B128FAE0DFFB87BFABC29FEF6744B" box="[242,300,1581,1605]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[167,198,1746,1766]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,236,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[284,1305,253,1729]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1 Tripoplax cf. balaenophila (Schwabe &amp; Sellanes, 2004) (EMU- 10817). a - f, TL 13.76 mm; H-I, TL 11.21 mm. a Dorsal view of first valve, scale bar: 1 mm. b Ventral view of the first valve, scale bar: 1 mm. c Dorsal view of the tail valve, scale bar: 1 mm. d Ventral view of the tail valve, scale bar: 1 mm. e Dorsal view of valve v, scale bar: 1 mm. f ventral view of valve v, scale bar: 1 mm. g Dorsal girdle scales, scale bar: 100 μm. h Lateral view girdle scales, scale bar: 200 μm. i Dorsal view, head region on top, scale bar: 5 mm. j Ventral view, head region on top, scale bar: 5 mm. k Detail of radula, showing teeth, scale bar: 200 μm. l Anterior portion of radula, scale bar: 200 μm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269462/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
k, l). Central tooth slender, narrower in its middle part, provided with a small, upper fold inclined downwards. First lateral tooth shorter than central; turbercule-like structure in the corner of the blade directed outward. Second lateral tooth with inner denticle sharp, nearly twice as long as outer one; outer denticles obtuse. Major uncinal tooth slender, a lateral fold at mid-third, tip flattened, round, paddle-like.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF0E0AAE0DFFB87BA4BD29FB9D73EB" blockId="1.[151,775,1102,1957]" lastBlockId="1.[813,1437,237,997]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
General features of the examined material fit well with the original description (Schwabe &amp; Sellanes 2004). However, although quite similar, girdle scales are proportionally larger and more rectangular in the Mexican specimens. The central tooth of the radula shows a distinctly different shape compared to these tooth in the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0DFFB87F38BB29FB3A734A" box="[1072,1248,301,324]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balaenophila">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0DFFB87F38BB29FB3A734A" box="[1072,1248,301,324]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">T. balaenophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, i.e., rectangular with a forward and downward bent single blade. The first lateral tooth is shorter in relation to the central one in our specimen and the tubercule-like structure in the corner of the blade is directed outward vs. inward directed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0DFFB8789DBBC9FB9B73EA" box="[917,1089,461,484]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balaenophila">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0DFFB8789DBBC9FB9B73EA" box="[917,1089,461,484]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">T. balaenophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF0E0AAE0DFFB8784ABBE9FB0871EB" blockId="1.[813,1437,237,997]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Photographs of one specimen (TL, 11.21 mm; 
<figureCitation id="133B128FAE0DFFB87E5ABBE9FA54700B" box="[1362,1422,493,517]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[167,198,1746,1766]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,236,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[284,1305,253,1729]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1 Tripoplax cf. balaenophila (Schwabe &amp; Sellanes, 2004) (EMU- 10817). a - f, TL 13.76 mm; H-I, TL 11.21 mm. a Dorsal view of first valve, scale bar: 1 mm. b Ventral view of the first valve, scale bar: 1 mm. c Dorsal view of the tail valve, scale bar: 1 mm. d Ventral view of the tail valve, scale bar: 1 mm. e Dorsal view of valve v, scale bar: 1 mm. f ventral view of valve v, scale bar: 1 mm. g Dorsal girdle scales, scale bar: 100 μm. h Lateral view girdle scales, scale bar: 200 μm. i Dorsal view, head region on top, scale bar: 5 mm. j Ventral view, head region on top, scale bar: 5 mm. k Detail of radula, showing teeth, scale bar: 200 μm. l Anterior portion of radula, scale bar: 200 μm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269462/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
i, j) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0DFFB8786CB809FBEE702A" box="[868,1076,525,549]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balaenophila">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0DFFB8786CB809FCA0702A" box="[868,890,525,548]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">T.</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0DFFB878AEB809FBEE702A" box="[934,1076,525,548]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">balaenophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were sent to Boris Sirenko who suggested that it could belong to that species (B. Sirenko, pers. comm., January 2015). SEM photographs of the radula and the girdles scales were sent to Enrico Schwabe who emphasized the similarity between 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0DFFB87E8EB889FC6170CA" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balaenophila">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0DFFB87E8EB889FC6170CA" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">T. balaenophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and our material, but suggested that the variations observed in the radula and in the girdles scales might indicated that the material reported herein represents a species very close yet distinct to 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0DFFB87E17B909FCBF714A" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balaenophila">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0DFFB87E17B909FCBF714A" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">T. balaenophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(E. Schwabe, pers. comm., September 2015). The differences observed might be significant, but a more profound revision is needed, including comparing the material with other species in the context of a thorough revision of 
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0DFFB878B9B9A9FBCA71CA" box="[945,1040,941,964]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Tripopla</emphasis>
x (and 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0DFFB87F6EB9A9FB3871CA" box="[1126,1250,941,964]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Lepidozona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0DFFB87F6EB9A9FB3871CA" box="[1126,1250,941,964]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Lepidozona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), both morphologically and using molecular markers.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A5D81AE0DFFB87825BE0AFB21772B" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBF0E0AAE0DFFB87825BE0AFBE4762A" blockId="1.[813,1436,1038,1157]" box="[813,1086,1038,1060]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="D0F7B966AE0DFFB87825BE0AFBE4762A" bold="true" box="[813,1086,1038,1060]" fontSize="9" level="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0DFFB87825BE0AFBE4762A" bold="true" box="[813,1086,1038,1060]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Environmental conditions</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF0E0AAE0DFFB87825BE29FAEE768B" blockId="1.[813,1436,1038,1157]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">The species was collected at 530–625 m depth in the following environmental conditions: dissolved oxygen, &lt;0.25 ml/l; temperature, 6.44 °C; salinity, 34.47.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF0E0AAE0DFFB87825BEAAFC6E76CA" blockId="1.[813,1436,1198,1317]" box="[813,948,1198,1220]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="D0F7B966AE0DFFB87825BEAAFC6E76CA" bold="true" box="[813,948,1198,1220]" fontSize="9" level="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0DFFB87825BEAAFC6E76CA" bold="true" box="[813,948,1198,1220]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Type locality</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF0E0AAE0DFFB87825BEC9FB21772B" blockId="1.[813,1436,1198,1317]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Off Concepción, Chile, 36°29.9´S; 73°40.8´W (
<figureCitation id="133B128FAE0DFFB87E38BEC9FAAA76EB" box="[1328,1392,1229,1253]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="3.[167,198,901,921]" captionTargetBox="[151,775,236,901]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[168,759,253,885]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2 Sampling localities of the deep-water chiton Tripoplax cf. balaenophila off Baja California, Mexico (upper map), off Concepción (data extracted from Schwabe &amp; Sellanes, 2004), and off Coquimbo, Chile (E. Schwabe, pers. comm., April 2015) (lower map)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269463/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), in 240 m depth, just beneath the shelf break, mostly attached to bones of dead whales and rocks.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A5D81AE0DFFBA7825BF4AFE0F75AD" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBF0E0AAE0DFFB87825BF4AFBF4776A" blockId="1.[813,1437,1358,1957]" box="[813,1070,1358,1380]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="D0F7B966AE0DFFB87825BF4AFBF4776A" bold="true" box="[813,1070,1358,1380]" fontSize="9" level="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0DFFB87825BF4AFBF4776A" bold="true" box="[813,1070,1358,1380]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF0E0AAE0DFFBA7825BF69FE0F75AD" blockId="1.[813,1437,1358,1957]" lastBlockId="3.[151,775,1131,1955]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
The presence of 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0DFFB878F1BF69FB77778A" box="[1017,1197,1389,1412]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balaenophila">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0DFFB878F1BF69FB77778A" box="[1017,1197,1389,1412]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">T. balaenophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
off western Mexico would considerably extends its geographic range by over 63° of latitude (ca 8280 km) to Baja California (27°08´11&quot;N; 114°32´54&quot;W) (
<figureCitation id="133B128FAE0DFFB87F22BFC9FBB377EB" box="[1066,1129,1485,1509]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="3.[167,198,901,921]" captionTargetBox="[151,775,236,901]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[168,759,253,885]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2 Sampling localities of the deep-water chiton Tripoplax cf. balaenophila off Baja California, Mexico (upper map), off Concepción (data extracted from Schwabe &amp; Sellanes, 2004), and off Coquimbo, Chile (E. Schwabe, pers. comm., April 2015) (lower map)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269463/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), and its bathymetric range to 530–625 m. There was no evidence of osseous remains in the sample and we believe that the specimens were probably attached to the rocks found in the net, and that were accidently collected. There was no indication that the sample was obtained from a chemosynthetic environment, as hypothesized earlier (Schwabe &amp; Sellanes 2004). It is clear, however, that our material was collected just below the Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) in severe hypoxic conditions (&lt;0.25 ml/l O2). The OMZ has long been recognized as an ecologically important feature of the eastern Pacific, including western Mexico (Diaz &amp; Rosenberg 1995; Hendrickx &amp; Serrano 2010; Serrano 2012). According to published information (Schwabe &amp; Sellanes 2004; Sellanes et al. 2010), the specimens from Chile were collected in bottom water with severe oxygen deficiency (&lt;0.5 ml/l). The amplitude of the OMZ corresponding to upper and lower oxygen concentrations of 0.5 ml/l is reduced and shallower off Concepción, in southern Chile (from 50 to 150 m depth) (Helly &amp; Levin 2004) when compared to the conditions found at the Mexican sampling locality (TALUD XV, St. 23, from 90 to&gt;630 m depth) (D. Serrano, pers. comm., April 2015). In this area (ca 27 °N), the OMZ fringe corresponding to concentrations of 0.5 ml/l extends from 200 to 750 m (Helly &amp; Levin 2004), a similar range as what is shown by the TALUD XV cruise data. This probably explained why the Mexican material was collected in deeper water than off Chile. On the other hand, it is reasonable to assume that 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA7AC8BC2FFDB7744C" box="[448,621,1579,1602]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balaenophila">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA7AC8BC2FFDB7744C" box="[448,621,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T. balaenophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in the wide latitudinal interval between Chile and western Mexico and that lack of additional records of this species is due to lack of sampling. As a matter of fact, an additional, unpublished record of 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA7AEBBCAFFD5074CC" box="[483,650,1707,1730]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balaenophila">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA7AEBBCAFFD5074CC" box="[483,650,1707,1730]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T balaenophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is available for a second Chilean locality: off Coquimbo, 30.3815 °S, 71.9626 °W, in 140 m depth (Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Munich, Germany, Mol 20130032, 5 specimens; Enrico Schwabe, pers. comm., April 2015: coll. J. Sellanes). According to data available for this area (Helly &amp; Levin 2004), this material was obtained close to the lower boundary of the OMZ.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7F5E82AE0EFFBB7BAFBCD6FB4D755E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269462/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" targetBox="[151,1436,236,1746]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BBF0E0AAE0EFFBB7BAFBCD6FB4D755E" blockId="2.[167,1420,1746,1872]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0EFFBB7BAFBCD6FF0674E8" bold="true" box="[167,220,1746,1766]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0EFFBB7BEABCD6FD7E74EB" authority="Schwabe &amp; Sellanes, 2004" authorityName="Schwabe &amp; Sellanes" authorityYear="2004" box="[226,676,1746,1765]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balaenophila">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0EFFBB7BEABCD6FEF774EB" box="[226,301,1746,1765]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Tripoplax</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0EFFBB7A44BCD6FE6D74EB" box="[332,439,1746,1765]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">balaenophila</emphasis>
(Schwabe &amp; Sellanes, 2004)
</taxonomicName>
(EMU-10817). 
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0EFFBB7828BCD6FCE274EB" bold="true" box="[800,824,1746,1765]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">a -f</emphasis>
, TL 13.76 mm; H-I, TL 11.21 mm. 
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0EFFBB7F5DBCD6FBBA74EB" bold="true" box="[1109,1120,1746,1765]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">a</emphasis>
Dorsal view of first valve, scale bar: 1 mm. 
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0EFFBB7A01BCE9FECF750E" bold="true" box="[265,277,1773,1792]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">b</emphasis>
Ventral view of the first valve, scale bar: 1 mm. 
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0EFFBB79B8BCE9FD60750E" bold="true" box="[688,698,1773,1792]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">c</emphasis>
Dorsal view of the tail valve, scale bar: 1 mm. 
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0EFFBB7F41BCE9FB8F750E" bold="true" box="[1097,1109,1773,1792]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">d</emphasis>
Ventral view of the tail valve, scale bar: 1 mm. 
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0EFFBB7A01BD0CFECE7515" bold="true" box="[265,276,1800,1819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">e</emphasis>
Dorsal view of valve v, scale bar: 1 mm. 
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0EFFBB797ABD0CFDA37515" bold="true" box="[626,633,1800,1819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">f</emphasis>
ventral view of valve v, scale bar: 1 mm. 
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0EFFBB78D3BD0CFC3D7515" bold="true" box="[987,999,1800,1819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">g</emphasis>
Dorsal girdle scales, scale bar: 100 μm. 
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0EFFBB7E5ABD0CFA847515" bold="true" box="[1362,1374,1800,1819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">h</emphasis>
Lateral view girdle scales, scale bar: 200 μm. 
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0EFFBB7937BD26FD9E753B" bold="true" box="[575,580,1826,1845]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">i</emphasis>
Dorsal view, head region on top, scale bar: 5 mm. 
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0EFFBB7F14BD26FBF8753B" bold="true" box="[1052,1058,1826,1845]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">j</emphasis>
Ventral view, head region on top, scale bar: 5 mm. 
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0EFFBB7A1ABD39FEC7755E" bold="true" box="[274,285,1853,1872]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">k</emphasis>
Detail of radula, showing teeth, scale bar: 200 μm. 
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0EFFBB79FDBD39FD20755E" bold="true" box="[757,762,1853,1872]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">l</emphasis>
Anterior portion of radula, scale bar: 200 μm
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31A5D81AE0FFFBD7825BAEAFD5F736B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBF0E0AAE0FFFBA7825BAEAFBC8730A" blockId="3.[813,1437,238,1285]" box="[813,1042,238,260]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0F7B966AE0FFFBA7825BAEAFBC8730A" bold="true" box="[813,1042,238,260]" fontSize="9" level="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA7825BAEAFBC8730A" bold="true" box="[813,1042,238,260]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Additional comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF0E0AAE0FFFBA7825BB09FC11770B" blockId="3.[813,1437,238,1285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA78C4BB09FBE2732A" box="[972,1080,269,292]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA78C4BB09FBE2732A" box="[972,1080,269,292]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tripoplax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally proposed in 1919 (Berry 1919) within the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA7F82BB29FA43734B" authority="Gray, 1847" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1847" box="[1162,1433,301,325]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Ischnochiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA7F82BB29FACB734A" box="[1162,1297,301,324]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ischnochiton</emphasis>
Gray, 1847
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA7825BB49FC43736A" box="[813,921,333,356]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA7825BB49FC43736A" box="[813,921,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tripoplax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA78DBBB49FB95736A" box="[979,1103,333,356]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Lepidozona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA78DBBB49FB95736A" box="[979,1103,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lepidozona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been considered as subgenera of 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA78ABBB69FB61738B" authority="Pilsbry, 1892" authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1892" box="[931,1211,365,389]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Lepidozona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA78ABBB69FBC5738A" box="[931,1055,365,388]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lepidozona</emphasis>
Pilsbry, 1892
</taxonomicName>
(Kaas &amp; Van Belle 1987; Clark 1991, 2000; Eernisse 1998). 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA7FF7BB89FAB173AA" box="[1279,1387,397,420]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA7FF7BB89FAB173AA" box="[1279,1387,397,420]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tripoplax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has also been considered a natural assemblage based of its morphology and biogeography and elevated to genus (Clark 2008). An expanded definition of 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA7E38BBE9FC6F702B" authority="Clark 2008" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="2008" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA7E38BBE9FA46700A" box="[1328,1436,493,516]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tripoplax</emphasis>
(Clark 2008)
</taxonomicName>
clearly stated that “insertion plates of intermediate valves with two to four slits” are characteristic of the genus. 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA78C0B849FB16706A" box="[968,1228,589,612]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balaenophila">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA78C0B849FB16706A" box="[968,1228,589,612]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tripoplax balaenophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA7F2FB869FCB170AB" authority="Schwabe &amp; Sellanes 2004" authorityName="Schwabe &amp; Sellanes" authorityYear="2004" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Lepidozona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA7F2FB869FB79708A" box="[1063,1187,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lepidozona</emphasis>
(Schwabe &amp; Sellanes 2004)
</taxonomicName>
, with a slit formula of 1–2 for intermediate valves. In 2010, however, it was transferred to 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA7FF8B8A9FA8670CA" box="[1264,1372,685,708]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA7FF8B8A9FA8670CA" box="[1264,1372,685,708]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tripoplax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as a new combination), following a recent redefinition of this genus (Clark 2008), without further comments on the slit formula (Schwabe &amp; Sellanes 2010). This discrepancy in slit number and the assignment of “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA7FC1B929FA8E714A" box="[1225,1364,813,836]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balaenophila">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA7FC1B929FA8E714A" box="[1225,1364,813,836]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">balaenophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (with 1–2 slits on intermediate valves) to 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA7FB5B949FAFD716A" box="[1213,1319,845,868]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA7FB5B949FAFD716A" box="[1213,1319,845,868]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tripoplax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(with 2–4 slits on intermediate valves) cannot be solved without a more thorough review of both 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA7F74B989FB2C71AA" box="[1148,1270,909,932]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Lepidozona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA7F74B989FB2C71AA" box="[1148,1270,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lepidozona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA7E25B989FC4D71CA" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA7E25B989FA4371AA" box="[1325,1433,909,932]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Tripoplax</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA7825B9A9FC4D71CA" box="[813,919,941,964]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Tripoplax</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
species are generally found in higher latitudes in the northern Pacific (Clark 2008), which is the case of the material examined herein (27°08´11&quot;N). The presence of 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA7844BE09FC23762A" box="[844,1017,1037,1060]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balaenophila">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA7844BE09FC23762A" box="[844,1017,1037,1060]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T. balaenophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in deep water from off both western Mexico (northern hemisphere) and Chile (southern hemisphere), however, is an interesting issue that needs to be addressed within a general biogeographically context of the distribution of the genera 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA7F64BE89FB0C76AA" box="[1132,1238,1165,1188]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA7F64BE89FB0C76AA" box="[1132,1238,1165,1188]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tripoplax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(southeastern and northern Pacific) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA7F1DBEA9FB5576CA" box="[1045,1167,1197,1220]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Lepidozona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA7F1DBEA9FB5576CA" box="[1045,1167,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lepidozona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(with a worldwide distribution) in the eastern Pacific (Clark 2008; Schwabe &amp; Sellanes 2010).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7F5E82AE0FFFBA7BAFB981FD5E71E7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269463/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[151,775,236,901]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BBF0E0AAE0FFFBA7BAFB981FD5E71E7" blockId="3.[167,753,901,1001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA7BAFB981FF067197" bold="true" box="[167,220,901,921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</emphasis>
Sampling localities of the deep-water chiton 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA796DB982FEC871BA" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balaenophila">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA796DB982FD6A7197" box="[613,688,902,921]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tripoplax</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA7BAFB9A5FEC871BA" box="[167,274,929,948]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">balaenophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
off Baja California, Mexico (upper map), off Concepción (data extracted from Schwabe &amp; Sellanes, 2004), and off Coquimbo, Chile (E. Schwabe, pers. comm., April 2015) (lower map)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBF0E0AAE0FFFBA7825BF28FC65774A" blockId="3.[813,1437,1324,1957]" box="[813,959,1324,1348]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0F7B966AE0FFFBA7825BF28FC65774A" bold="true" box="[813,959,1324,1348]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="0">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA7825BF28FC65774A" bold="true" box="[813,959,1324,1348]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Conclusions</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF0E0AAE0FFFBD7825BF49FD5F736B" blockId="3.[813,1437,1324,1957]" lastBlockId="4.[151,775,237,357]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA7825BF49FB89776A" box="[813,1107,1357,1381]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balaenophila">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA7825BF49FC43776A" box="[813,921,1357,1380]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tripoplax</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA78CDBF49FB89776A" box="[965,1107,1357,1380]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">balaenophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a member of the deep-sea mollusks fauna associated with the lower boundary of the OMZ occurring off western Mexico, an habitat characterized by severe hypoxic conditions and colonized by well-adapted species that are generally abundant (Zamorano et al. 2006; Papiol &amp; Hendrickx 2015). Specimens from Chile were collected in shallower depth compared to the Mexican material, but the OMZ off Chile is also much shallower than in the Mexican Pacific (Helly &amp; Levin 2004). The presence of 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA7FB4BC69FAAA748A" box="[1212,1392,1645,1668]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balaenophila">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA7FB4BC69FAAA748A" box="[1212,1392,1645,1668]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T. balaenophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
off western Mexico would considerably extend its geographic range (by ca 8280 km to the north). The disjunct distribution of the genera 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA7F50BCC9FB1E74EA" box="[1112,1220,1741,1764]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA7F50BCC9FB1E74EA" box="[1112,1220,1741,1764]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tripoplax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the eastern Pacific is also an interesting biogeographical issue. Assignment of species to 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA7F1CBD09FB5A752A" box="[1044,1152,1805,1828]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA7F1CBD09FB5A752A" box="[1044,1152,1805,1828]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tripoplax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA7FBBBD09FAF5752A" box="[1203,1327,1805,1828]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Lepidozona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA7FBBBD09FAF5752A" box="[1203,1327,1805,1828]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lepidozona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is still a conflictive issue, in part due to lack of abundant material that would allow for more detailed studies. The existing discrepancy in slit number and the assignment of “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA7E50BD69FC5A75AA" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balaenophila">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA7E50BD69FC5A75AA" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">balaenophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” to 
<taxonomicName id="4C007589AE0FFFBA78BBBD89FBC575AA" box="[947,1055,1933,1956]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Ischnochitonidae" genus="Tripoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE0FFFBA78BBBD89FBC575AA" box="[947,1055,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tripoplax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cannot be solved without a more thorough review of both genera. Further exploration of the deep-sea in the eastern Pacific might also bring additional specimens that would fill the gap in the distribution range of the deep-water Polyplacophora.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A5D81AE08FFBD7B9FBB8AFDEC77A8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBF0E0AAE08FFBD7B9FBB8AFED873A8" blockId="4.[151,776,398,1446]" box="[151,258,398,422]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="D0F7B966AE08FFBD7B9FBB8AFED873A8" bold="true" box="[151,258,398,422]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="0">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE08FFBD7B9FBB8AFED873A8" bold="true" box="[151,258,398,422]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Methods</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF0E0AAE08FFBD7B9FBBAAFDEC77A8" blockId="4.[151,776,398,1446]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Specimens were collected during the TALUD XV cruise, off the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula (July 29 to August 6, 2012) aboard the R/V “El Puma”, of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Positional coordinates for each sampling station were obtained using a GPS navigation system. Depth was measured with a digital recorder. Epibenthic temperature and oxygen concentration were measured ca 10 m above bottom level with a Seabird CTD-O2 probe. Oxygen concentrations were also double-checked with the Winkler method using water samples collected in closing bottles near bottom. The specimens were captured with a standard benthic sledge (2.35 m width, 0.9 m high) equipped with a modified shrimp net (ca 5.5 cm stretched mesh size) with a ca 2.0 cm (3/4&quot;) internal lining net. The material collected during this survey is deposited in the Regional Collection of Marine Invertebrates (EMU), at UNAM in Mazatlán, Mexico. To confirm the identification, the radula was extracted following recent literature (Geiger et al. 2007) and photographed with a Scan Electronic Microscope (SEM). Dorsal girdle scales (also photographed with the SEM) and disarticulated valves were also examined. Entire specimens and the photographs were compared to the original description (Schwabe &amp; Sellanes 2004). Photographs were sent to Boris Sirenko (Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow) and to Enrico Schwabe (Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Munich) for comparison with the type material. Ethics, consent and permissions have been followed in the manuscript. Collection of specimens was covered by permit FAUT-0053 of the National Institute of Ecology, Mexico.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A5D81AE08FFBD7B9FBFC0FEAA77E3" box="[151,368,1476,1517]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBF0E0AAE08FFBD7B9FBFC0FECA77DB" blockId="4.[151,368,1476,1517]" box="[151,272,1476,1493]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="D0F7B966AE08FFBD7B9FBFC0FECA77DB" bold="true" box="[151,272,1476,1493]" fontSize="7" level="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B974D218AE08FFBD7B9FBFC0FECA77DB" bold="true" box="[151,272,1476,1493]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Abbreviations</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF0E0AAE08FFBD7B9FBFD8FEAA77E3" blockId="4.[151,368,1476,1517]" box="[151,368,1500,1517]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">St.: station; TL: total length.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>