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<mods:title id="F3C2F08EE691704D1493160268FD2DDE">Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall &amp; Hoover, 1995</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="42A641608804DFAD8C044B980A974856">Senckenberg Research Institute and Museum of Nature (SMF), Marine Zoology-Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="88754021DDE7E0F479F6E896B1C48AEA">Saeed, Fouad K. N.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="039D87C9FFB8FF9BA0A87C06FC162C8A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10410113" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10410113" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D87C9FFB8FF9BA0A87C06FC162C8A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D87C9FFB8FF9BA0A87C06FC162C8A" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="321" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
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<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFB8FF9DA0A87C06FD9F2B58" blockId="18.[151,1157,1549,1678]" box="[151,615,1549,1575]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
<heading id="D0C381B3FFB8FF9DA0A87C06FD9F2B58" bold="true" box="[151,615,1549,1575]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C344D5CFFB8FF9DA0A87C06FD9F2B58" ID-CoL="4V3PP" authority="Randall &amp; Hoover, 1995" authorityName="Randall &amp; Hoover" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,615,1549,1575]" family="Scaridae" genus="Scarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zufar">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFB8FF9DA0A87C06FD9F2B58" bold="true" box="[151,615,1549,1575]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFB8FF9DA0A87C06FECA2B58" bold="true" box="[151,306,1549,1575]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Scarus zufar</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B2EFFB8FF9DA1067C06FD9F2B58" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; Hoover, J. P." box="[313,615,1549,1575]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" pagination="683 - 688" refId="ref15132" refString="Randall, J. E. &amp; Hoover, J. P. (1995) Scarus zufar, a new species of parrotfish from southern Oman, with comments on endemism of the area. Copeia, 1995 (3), 683 - 688. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1446765" type="journal article" year="1995">Randall &amp; Hoover, 1995</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32E6554FFB8FF9DA0A87C25FEA32B15" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFB8FF9DA0A87C25FB7D2B39" blockId="18.[151,1157,1549,1678]" box="[151,1157,1582,1606]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2411F1FFB8FF9DA0A87C25FB7D2B39" box="[151,1157,1582,1606]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510CEFFB8FF9DA0A87C25FDB52B39" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; Hoover, J. P." box="[151,589,1582,1606]" page="684" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" year="1995">
<taxonomicName id="4C344D5CFFB8FF9DA0A87C25FDB52B39" ID-CoL="4V3PP" authority="Randall &amp; Hoover, 1995: 684" authorityName="Randall &amp; Hoover" authorityPageNumber="684" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,589,1582,1606]" family="Scaridae" genus="Scarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zufar">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFB8FF9DA0A87C25FEEE2B39" box="[151,278,1582,1606]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Scarus zufar</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3C82FFB8FF9DA1227C25FDB52B39" box="[285,589,1582,1606]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="Oman" location="Oman" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" specimenCode="BPBM 36056" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B2EFFB8FF9DA1227C25FDB52B39" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; Hoover, J. P." box="[285,589,1582,1606]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" pagination="683 - 688" refId="ref15132" refString="Randall, J. E. &amp; Hoover, J. P. (1995) Scarus zufar, a new species of parrotfish from southern Oman, with comments on endemism of the area. Copeia, 1995 (3), 683 - 688. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1446765" type="journal article" year="1995">Randall &amp; Hoover, 1995: 684</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
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;
<typeStatus id="548F887DFFB8FF9DA2687C25FD4C2B39" box="[599,692,1582,1606]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="DB929EA4FFB8FF9DA2827C25FCB52B39" box="[701,845,1582,1606]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="Museum">BPBM 36056</specimenCode>
; type locality: southern
<collectingCountry id="F323764FFFB8FF9DA47F7C25FB792B39" box="[1088,1153,1582,1606]" name="Oman" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Oman</collectingCountry>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFB8FF9DA0A87C5BFEA32B15" blockId="18.[151,1157,1549,1678]" box="[151,347,1616,1642]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
<collectingRegion id="49F0F83DFFB8FF9DA0A87C5BFF1E2B15" box="[151,230,1616,1642]" country="Oman" name="Zufar" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Dhofar</collectingRegion>
Parrotfish
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFB8FF9DA0A87C7FFEFB2BF1" blockId="18.[151,1157,1549,1678]" box="[151,259,1652,1678]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
<figureCitation id="130F2A5AFFB8FF9DA0A87C7FFEFB2BF1" box="[151,259,1652,1678]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1956]" captionTargetId="figure-60@19.[151,1436,273,1956]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14. Scarus zufar. A: initial phase, Eryssel, Socotra Island, 12 m depth; B: terminal male, Ras Bidou, Socotra Island, 14 m depth; C: terminal male, Eryssel, Socotra Island, 12 m depth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10410098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10410098/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Figure 14</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFB8FF9DA0A87CB7FD5F2BA9" blockId="18.[151,1437,1724,2039]" box="[151,679,1724,1750]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFB8FF9DA0A87CB7FE7B2BA9" bold="true" box="[151,387,1724,1750]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Material examined:</emphasis>
Underwater photographs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFB8FF9DA0F87CEBFCE32AF5" blockId="18.[151,1437,1724,2039]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFB8FF9DA0F87CEBFE2F2B85" bold="true" box="[199,471,1760,1786]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Distinctive characters:</emphasis>
Body depth
<quantity id="4CCC9B3AFFB8FF9DA2507CEBFD1A2B85" box="[623,738,1760,1787]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.604" metricValueMax="6.858" metricValueMin="6.35" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" unit="in" value="2.6" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.5">2.52.7 in</quantity>
SL; dorsal profile of head convex; posterior nostril twice as large as anterior nostril; teeth fully fused to form dental plates, upper dental plate about three-fourths covered by lips; cutting edge of dental plates nearly smooth; no teeth posteriorly on upper dental plate; caudal fin truncate with slightly prolonged lobes in terminal males. Meristic values: Pectoral-fin rays 15; median predorsal scales 4, first largest; cheek with 2 scale rows, lower row with 4 scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFB8FF9CA0F87D9FFF312D86" blockId="18.[151,1437,1724,2039]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="320" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFB8FF9DA0F87D9FFEA82AD1" box="[199,336,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Colouration</emphasis>
: Body of initial phase orange anteriorly, scales with green arc, the green becoming progressively broader posteriorly. Terminal males green, the scale edges pink, posterior part of body usually with a greenish or green-yellow area; area beneath pectoral fins and abdomen pinkish or salmon pink; caudal fin with three blue bars. Both phases with pale orange operculum; upper lip, snout and chin green with extended irregular stripe to cheek at lower edge of eye; a short green stripe extending from posterior edge of eye; and pectoral fins orange with yellow axil.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4B6657FFB9FF9CA0A87DB0FCC72A88" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10410098" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10410098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10410098/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" startId="19.[151,250,1979,2003]" targetBox="[151,1436,273,1956]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFB9FF9CA0A87DB0FCC72A88" blockId="19.[151,1436,1979,2039]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFB9FF9CA0A87DB0FED82AAC" bold="true" box="[151,288,1979,2003]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C344D5CFFB9FF9CA1187DB0FE5E2AAC" authorityName="Randall &amp; Hoover" authorityYear="1995" box="[295,422,1979,2003]" family="Scaridae" genus="Scarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zufar">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFB9FF9CA1187DB0FE5E2AAC" box="[295,422,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Scarus zufar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFB9FF9CA18C7DB0FE362AAC" bold="true" box="[435,462,1979,2003]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">A:</emphasis>
initial phase, Eryssel, Socotra Island, 12 m depth;
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFB9FF9CA3EC7DB0FC152AAC" bold="true" box="[979,1005,1979,2003]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">B:</emphasis>
terminal male, Ras Bidou, Socotra Island, 14 m depth;
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFB9FF9CA1287DD4FECA2A88" bold="true" box="[279,306,2015,2039]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">C:</emphasis>
terminal male, Eryssel, Socotra Island, 12 m depth.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32E6554FFBEFF9BA0F87A9DFEBE2C62" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFBEFF9BA0F87A9DFEBE2C62" blockId="20.[151,1437,150,501]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFBEFF9BA0F87A9DFE9B2DCF" bold="true" box="[199,355,150,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Distribution:</emphasis>
Restricted to the northern part of the Indian Ocean, previously believed to constitute a “centre of endemism” in southern
<collectingCountry id="F323764FFFBEFF9BA1FD7AB0FDFE2DAA" box="[450,518,187,213]" name="Oman" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Oman</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B2EFFBEFF9BA2287AB0FCD22DAA" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; Hoover, J. P." box="[535,810,186,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" pagination="683 - 688" refId="ref15132" refString="Randall, J. E. &amp; Hoover, J. P. (1995) Scarus zufar, a new species of parrotfish from southern Oman, with comments on endemism of the area. Copeia, 1995 (3), 683 - 688. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1446765" type="journal article" year="1995">Randall &amp; Hoover 1995</bibRefCitation>
; Randall 1995). Its range subsequently extended east to
<collectingCountry id="F323764FFFBEFF9BA0A87AD4FF0E2D86" box="[151,246,223,249]" name="Pakistan" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B2EFFBEFF9BA13D7AD4FDFB2D86" author="Psomadakis, P. N. &amp; Osmany, H. B. &amp; Moazzam, M." box="[258,515,222,249]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refId="ref14893" refString="Psomadakis, P. N., Osmany, H. B. &amp; Moazzam, M. (2015) Field identification guide to the living marine resources of Pakistan. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, x + 386 pp." type="book" year="2015">
Psomadakis
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFBEFF9BA1B07AD4FE462D86" box="[399,446,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="F323764FFFBEFF9BA2027AD4FD382D86" box="[573,704,223,249]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B2EFFBEFF9BA2F27AD4FC432D86" author="Hasan, M. E. &amp; Parvej, M. R." box="[717,955,223,249]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" pagination="84 - 90" refId="ref14202" refString="Hasan, M. E. &amp; Parvej, M. R. (2020) Range extension of parrotfishes Scarus zufar and Chlorurus rhakoura (Teleostei: Scarinae) to Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 36, 84 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 4399975" type="journal article" year="2020">Hasan &amp; Parvej 2020</bibRefCitation>
), and south-west to the
<collectingCountry id="F323764FFFBEFF9BA4867AD4FAF72D86" box="[1209,1295,223,249]" name="Yemen" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Socotra</collectingCountry>
Archipelago (present study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6554FFBEFF9BA0F87B2CFC162C8A" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFBEFF9BA0F87B2CFC162C8A" blockId="20.[151,1437,150,501]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFBEFF9BA0F87B2CFEC52C3E" bold="true" box="[199,317,295,321]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Remarks:</emphasis>
Observed individuals match the description of
<taxonomicName id="4C344D5CFFBEFF9BA36D7B2CFC272C3E" authorityName="Randall &amp; Hoover" authorityYear="1995" box="[850,991,295,321]" family="Scaridae" genus="Scarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zufar">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFBEFF9BA36D7B2CFC272C3E" box="[850,991,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Scarus zufar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
provided by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B2EFFBEFF9BA44C7B2CFA602C3E" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; Hoover, J. P." box="[1139,1432,294,321]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" pagination="683 - 688" refId="ref15132" refString="Randall, J. E. &amp; Hoover, J. P. (1995) Scarus zufar, a new species of parrotfish from southern Oman, with comments on endemism of the area. Copeia, 1995 (3), 683 - 688. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1446765" type="journal article" year="1995">Randall &amp; Hoover (1995)</bibRefCitation>
; previously not recorded on
<collectingCountry id="F323764FFFBEFF9BA1E47B40FDC92C1A" box="[475,561,331,357]" name="Yemen" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Socotra</collectingCountry>
Archipelago (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B2EFFBEFF9BA2E87B40FC4E2C1A" author="Zajonz, U. &amp; Lavergne, E. &amp; Bogorodsky, S. V. &amp; Saeed, F. N. &amp; Aideed, M. S. &amp; Krupp, F." box="[727,950,331,357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref16035" refString="Zajonz, U., Lavergne, E., Bogorodsky, S. V., Saeed, F. N., Aideed, M. S. &amp; Krupp, F. (2019) Coastal fish diversity of the Socotra Archipelago, Yemen. Zootaxa, 4636 (1), 1 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4636.1.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
Zajonz
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFBEFF9BA30D7B40FC9F2C1A" box="[818,871,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
). The new record is based on underwater photographs taken in several localities at depths of
<quantity id="4CCC9B3AFFBEFF9BA2DC7B64FCC02CF6" box="[739,824,367,393]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" unit="m" value="10.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="7.0">714 m</quantity>
from the south-western to the eastern part of
<collectingCountry id="F323764FFFBEFF9BA5787B64FF272CD2" name="Socotra Island" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Socotra Island</collectingCountry>
; yet abundances were low. Subsequently, the species was observed in a mixed rocky and coral habitat with wave action at Abd al-Kuri
<collectingCountry id="F323764FFFBEFF9BA1F57BBCFDE92CAE" box="[458,529,439,465]" name="Iceland" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Island</collectingCountry>
, thus marking its westernmost range edge. It is unique in contrast to other species in that its initial phase and terminal males exhibit minor sexual dimorphism.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>