757 lines
89 KiB
XML
757 lines
89 KiB
XML
<document id="CAEA08192CCCC3DC00A032FCBECD1925" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.179122" ID-GBIF-Dataset="316ed56f-f327-4129-a3de-c19c2d6cc37b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="179122" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459938721091" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kondo, Takumasa & Gullan, Penny J." docDate="2007" docId="0397AD19FF8FFFA5C6CDFAB040C06D5E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01617p041.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1617" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Paratachardina silvestri Mahdihassan" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="FFAED561FF95FFBBC65AFFAF412D692C" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of the lac insect genus Paratachardina Balachowsky (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Kerriidae), with a revised key to genera of Kerriidae and description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1698230318835" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="14F0C07757C1AA5080CDB2E036ACF0BB">Taxonomic review of the lac insect genus Paratachardina Balachowsky (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Kerriidae), with a revised key to genera of Kerriidae and description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1A983687ED6E2232D7F1635EB7BDF0B8">Kondo, Takumasa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0C09386F798A156A9BFCB3B6FA36743C">Gullan, Penny J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="332DECBA28415087D4E720045AAEC6DA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="886811024C14240FB67DDD6A92DD16EC">
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<mods:date id="3801D25D3DCEED1DECA7A81A35D2EFC6">2007</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0397AD19FF8FFFA5C6CDFAB040C06D5E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6247488" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119375700" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6247488" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0397AD19FF8FFFA5C6CDFAB040C06D5E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0397AD19FF8FFFA5C6CDFAB040C06D5E" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<subSubSection id="C3244F84FF8FFFA1C6CDFAB0404B6C70" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF8FFFA1C6CDFAB043516C15" blockId="26.[151,636,1311,1372]" box="[151,636,1311,1337]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<heading id="D0C9AB63FF8FFFA1C6CDFAB043516C15" bold="true" box="[151,636,1311,1337]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8FFFA1C6CDFAB043516C15" ID-CoL="7BCJF" authority="Mahdihassan" authorityName="Mahdihassan" box="[151,636,1311,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestri">
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<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8FFFA1C6CDFAB043516C15" bold="true" box="[151,636,1311,1337]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8FFFA1C6CDFAB040946C15" bold="true" box="[151,441,1311,1337]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Paratachardina silvestri</emphasis>
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(Mahdihassan)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF8FFFA1C6CDFAED404B6C70" blockId="26.[151,636,1311,1372]" box="[151,358,1346,1372]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1305008AFF8FFFA1C6C5FAED41C86C70" box="[159,229,1346,1372]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1301,1325]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,198,1216]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,141,1275]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lac insect structures: A, simplex type marginal duct cluster of Kerria lacca; B, duplex type marginal duct cluster of Tachardiella; C, triplex type marginal duct cluster of Austrotachardiella; D, brachial plate of Albotachardina sinensis, arrow pointing to accessory projection (after Zhang 1992); E, long pedicel and dorsal spine of Albotachardina sinensis (after Zhang 1992); F, dorsal spine of Austrotachardia melaleuca; G, dorsal spine of A. australis; H, dorsal spine of A. acaciae; I, dorsal spine of A. angulata; J, marginal duct cluster with two associated auxiliary clusters of Afrotachardina brachysetosa; K, anal ring of Tachardina aurantiaca divided into four sections; L, anal ring of a South African Tachardina sp. divided into four sections; M, marginal duct cluster of T. aurantiaca; N – P, relative position of vdc- 1 and mouthparts in: N, P. pseudolobata; O, P. silvestri; P, P. mahdihassani; Q, typical macroduct of Austrotachardiella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179123/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<collectingCountry id="F3295C9FFF8FFFA1C6BFFAED41D26C70" box="[229,255,1346,1372]" name="Iceland" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">O</collectingCountry>
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, 2D, 10)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3244F84FF8FFFA1C6CDFA3D44206CE5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF8FFFA1C6CDFA3D43DB6C85" blockId="26.[151,1437,1426,1961]" box="[151,758,1426,1449]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2E3B21FF8FFFA1C6CDFA3D43DB6C85" box="[151,758,1426,1449]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8FFFA1C6CDFA3D43416C85" ID-CoL="7BCJF" authority="Mahdihassan, 1923a: 76" authorityName="Mahdihassan" authorityPageNumber="76" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,620,1426,1449]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestri">
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<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8FFFA1C6CDFA3D40736C85" box="[151,350,1426,1449]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tachardia silvestri</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9F3A1EFF8FFFA1C73EFA3D43416C85" author="Mahdihassan" box="[356,620,1426,1449]" page="76" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1923">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF8FFFA1C73EFA3D43696C85" author="Mahdihassan" box="[356,580,1426,1449]" pageId="26" pageNumber="40" refString="Mahdihassan, S. (1923 a) Classification of lac insects from a physiological standpoint. Journal of the Science Association, Maharajah's College, Vizianagaram, 1, 47 - 99." type="journal article" year="1923" yearSuffix="a">Mahdihassan, 1923a</bibRefCitation>
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: 76
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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; 1923b: 660.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF8FFFA1C6CDFA1D44206CE5" blockId="26.[151,1437,1426,1961]" box="[151,1293,1458,1481]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2E3B21FF8FFFA1C6CDFA1D44206CE5" box="[151,1293,1458,1481]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8FFFA1C6CDFA1D43366CE5" ID-CoL="7BCBH" authority="Mahdihassan" authorityName="Mahdihassan" box="[151,539,1458,1481]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii">
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<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8FFFA1C6CDFA1D405F6CE5" box="[151,370,1458,1481]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tachardina silvestrii</emphasis>
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(Mahdihassan)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9F3A1EFF8FFFA1C47CFA1D423F6CE5" author="Chamberlin" box="[550,786,1458,1481]" page="41" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1925">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF8FFFA1C47CFA1D43C76CE5" author="Chamberlin" box="[550,746,1458,1481]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="26" pageNumber="39" refString="Chamberlin, J. C. (1925) Supplement to a monograph of the Lacciferidae (Tachardiinae) or lac insects (Homopt. Coccidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 16, 31 - 41." type="journal article" year="1925">Chamberlin, 1925</bibRefCitation>
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: 41
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</treatmentCitation>
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. Incorrect subsequent spelling of species name.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3244F84FF8FFFA1C6CDFA7D421A6CC5" box="[151,823,1490,1513]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF8FFFA1C6CDFA7D421A6CC5" blockId="26.[151,1437,1426,1961]" box="[151,823,1490,1513]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8FFFA1C6CDFA7D43666CC5" authority="Mahdihassan" authorityName="Mahdihassan" box="[151,587,1490,1513]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii">
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<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8FFFA1C6CDFA7D408E6CC5" box="[151,419,1490,1513]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Paratachardina silvestrii</emphasis>
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(Mahdihassan)
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</taxonomicName>
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; Varshney, 1968: 489.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3244F84FF8FFFA1C6CDFA5D42846E25" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF8FFFA1C6CDFA5D43E16F26" blockId="26.[151,1437,1426,1961]" box="[151,716,1522,1546]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2E3B21FF8FFFA1C6CDFA5D43E16F26" box="[151,716,1522,1546]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8FFFA1C6CDFA5D43766F25" authority="Chamberlin, 1923: 208" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityPageNumber="208" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,603,1522,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
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<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8FFFA1C6CDFA5D40776F25" box="[151,346,1522,1545]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tachardina lobata</emphasis>
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9F3A1EFF8FFFA1C73BFA5D43766F25" author="Chamberlin" box="[353,603,1522,1545]" page="208" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1923">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF8FFFA1C73BFA5D430B6F25" author="Chamberlin" box="[353,550,1522,1545]" pageId="26" pageNumber="39" refString="Chamberlin, J. C. (1923) A systematic monograph of the Tachardiinae or lac insects (Coccidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 14, 147 - 212." type="journal article" year="1923">Chamberlin, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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: 208
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8FFFA1C43FFA5D43E16F26" bold="true" box="[613,716,1522,1546]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF8FFFA1C6CDF9BD441D6F05" blockId="26.[151,1437,1426,1961]" box="[151,1328,1554,1577]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2E3B21FF8FFFA1C6CDF9BD441D6F05" box="[151,1328,1554,1577]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8FFFA1C6CDF9BD43B86F05" authority="Ramakrishna Ayyar, 1919: 47" authorityName="Ramakrishna Ayyar" authorityPageNumber="47" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,661,1554,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
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<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8FFFA1C6CDF9BD40606F05" box="[151,333,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tachardia lobata</emphasis>
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9F3A1EFF8FFFA1C70EF9BD43B86F05" author="Ramakrishna" box="[340,661,1554,1577]" page="47" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1919">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF8FFFA1C70EF9BD43406F05" author="Ramakrishna" box="[340,621,1554,1577]" pageId="26" pageNumber="41" refString="Ramakrishna Ayyar, T. V. (1919) A contribution to our knowledge of South Indian Coccidae. Bulletin of the Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, India, 87, 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1919">Ramakrishna Ayyar, 1919</bibRefCitation>
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: 47
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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; 1921: 340.
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<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8FFFA1C542F9BD42996F05" box="[792,948,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Nomen nudum</emphasis>
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||
, discovered by
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9F3A1EFF8FFFA1C206F9BD44016F05" author="Varshney" box="[1116,1324,1554,1577]" page="77" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1967">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF8FFFA1C206F9BD44296F05" author="Varshney" box="[1116,1284,1554,1577]" pageId="26" pageNumber="41" refString="Varshney, R. K. (1967) A note on the several species of Indian coccids (Homopt., Coccoidea), proposed by E. E. Green as nomina nuda. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 102 (1223 - 1225), 77 - 79." type="journal article" year="1967">Varshney, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 77
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF8FFFA1C6CDF99D41DB6F45" blockId="26.[151,1437,1426,1961]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2E3B21FF8FFFA1C6CDF99D41DB6F45" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8FFFA1C6CDF99D40E86F65" ID-CoL="7BCGH" authority="Morrison" authorityName="Morrison" box="[151,453,1586,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8FFFA1C6CDF99D40786F65" box="[151,341,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tachardia minuta</emphasis>
|
||
Morrison
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; sensu
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9F3A1EFF8FFFA1C44FF99D43FB6F65" author="Green" box="[533,726,1586,1609]" page="414" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1922">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF8FFFA1C44FF99D43B26F65" author="Green" box="[533,671,1586,1609]" pageId="26" pageNumber="40" refString="Green, E. E. (1922) The Coccidae of Ceylon, Part V. Dulau & Co., London, 472 pp." type="book" year="1922">Green, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 414
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. Misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8FFFA1C598F99D450F6F65" box="[962,1058,1586,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8FFFA1C598F99D450F6F65" box="[962,1058,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; discovered by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9F3A1EFF8FFFA1C288F99D41DF6F45" author="Chamberlin" page="208" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1923">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF8FFFA1C288F99D44B56F65" author="Chamberlin" box="[1234,1432,1586,1609]" pageId="26" pageNumber="39" refString="Chamberlin, J. C. (1923) A systematic monograph of the Tachardiinae or lac insects (Coccidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 14, 147 - 212." type="journal article" year="1923">Chamberlin, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 208
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF8FFFA1C6CDF9DD45086FA5" blockId="26.[151,1437,1426,1961]" box="[151,1061,1650,1673]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2E3B21FF8FFFA1C6CDF9DD45086FA5" box="[151,1061,1650,1673]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8FFFA1C6CDF9DD40956FA5" authority="Green" authorityName="Green" box="[151,440,1650,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8FFFA1C6CDF9DD40776FA5" box="[151,346,1650,1673]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tachardina lobata</emphasis>
|
||
(Green)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9F3A1EFF8FFFA1C798F9DD43826FA5" author="Chamberlin" box="[450,687,1650,1673]" page="41" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1925">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF8FFFA1C798F9DD43AA6FA5" author="Chamberlin" box="[450,647,1650,1673]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="26" pageNumber="39" refString="Chamberlin, J. C. (1925) Supplement to a monograph of the Lacciferidae (Tachardiinae) or lac insects (Homopt. Coccidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 16, 31 - 41." type="journal article" year="1925">Chamberlin, 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 41
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9F3A1EFF8FFFA1C4E3F9DD42446FA5" author="Kapur" box="[697,873,1650,1673]" page="37" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1958">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF8FFFA1C4E3F9DD426C6FA5" author="Kapur" box="[697,833,1650,1673]" pageId="26" pageNumber="40" refString="Kapur, A. P. (1958) A Catalogue of the Lac Insects (Lacciferidae, Hemiptera). Lac Cess Commission, Ranchi, India, 47 pp." type="book" year="1958">Kapur, 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 37
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. Incorrect author.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF8FFFA1C6CDF93D402E6FE5" blockId="26.[151,1437,1426,1961]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2E3B21FF8FFFA1C6CDF93D402E6FE5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8FFFA1C6CDF93D40706F85" box="[151,349,1682,1705]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8FFFA1C6CDF93D40706F85" box="[151,349,1682,1705]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tachardina lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8FFFA1C73DF93D420D6F85" authority="Mahdihassan, 1946: 136" authorityName="Mahdihassan" authorityPageNumber="136" authorityYear="1946" box="[359,800,1682,1705]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="variety" variety="walczuchii">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8FFFA1C7CDF93D43246F85" box="[407,521,1682,1705]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">walczuchii</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9F3A1EFF8FFFA1C449F93D420D6F85" author="Mahdihassan" box="[531,800,1682,1705]" page="136" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1946">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF8FFFA1C449F93D43C56F85" author="Mahdihassan" box="[531,744,1682,1705]" pageId="26" pageNumber="40" refString="Mahdihassan, S. (1946) Two varieties of Tachardina lobata. Current Science (India) 15, 135 - 136." type="journal article" year="1946">Mahdihassan, 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 136
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Probable misidentification [See 'Notes' below for discussion.]
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF8FFFA1C6CDF97D44B66FC5" blockId="26.[151,1437,1426,1961]" box="[151,1435,1746,1769]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2E3B21FF8FFFA1C6CDF97D44B66FC5" box="[151,1435,1746,1769]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8FFFA1C6CDF97D40776FC5" box="[151,346,1746,1769]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8FFFA1C6CDF97D40776FC5" box="[151,346,1746,1769]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tachardina lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8FFFA1C73BF97D43D26FC5" authority="Mahdihassan, 1946: 136" authorityName="Mahdihassan" authorityPageNumber="136" authorityYear="1946" box="[353,767,1746,1769]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="variety" variety="schmidtii">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8FFFA1C7D5F97D40DC6FC5" box="[399,497,1746,1769]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">schmidtii</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9F3A1EFF8FFFA1C7ADF97D43D26FC5" author="Mahdihassan" box="[503,767,1746,1769]" page="136" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1946">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF8FFFA1C7ADF97D43E76FC5" author="Mahdihassan" box="[503,714,1746,1769]" pageId="26" pageNumber="40" refString="Mahdihassan, S. (1946) Two varieties of Tachardina lobata. Current Science (India) 15, 135 - 136." type="journal article" year="1946">Mahdihassan, 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 136
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Probable misidentification [See 'Notes' below for discussion.]
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF8FFFA1C6CDF95D42846E25" blockId="26.[151,1437,1426,1961]" box="[151,937,1778,1801]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2E3B21FF8FFFA1C6CDF95D42846E25" box="[151,937,1778,1801]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8FFFA1C6CDF95D40A66E25" box="[151,395,1778,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8FFFA1C6CDF95D40A66E25" box="[151,395,1778,1801]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Paratachardina lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8FFFA1C7C8F95D43EF6E25" authority="Mahdihassan" authorityName="Mahdihassan" box="[402,706,1778,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="lobata" variety="schmidti">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8FFFA1C7E5F95D43376E25" box="[447,538,1778,1801]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">schmidti</emphasis>
|
||
(Mahdihassan)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9F3A1EFF8FFFA1C497F95D42886E25" author="Varshney" box="[717,933,1778,1801]" page="370" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1984">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF8FFFA1C497F95D425D6E25" author="Varshney" box="[717,880,1778,1801]" pageId="26" pageNumber="41" refString="Varshney, R. K. (1984) A review of the family Tachardiidae (Kerriidae) in the Orient (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Oriental Insects, 18, 361 - 384." type="journal article" year="1984">Varshney 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 370
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3244F84FF8FFFA1C6CDF8BD42DA6E85" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF8FFFA1C6CDF8BD42E16E05" blockId="26.[151,1437,1426,1961]" box="[151,972,1810,1833]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2E3B21FF8FFFA1C6CDF8BD42E16E05" box="[151,972,1810,1833]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8FFFA1C6CDF8BD40A66E05" box="[151,395,1810,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8FFFA1C6CDF8BD40A66E05" box="[151,395,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Paratachardina lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8FFFA1C7C8F8BD43C96E05" authority="Mahdihassan" authorityName="Mahdihassan" box="[402,740,1810,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="lobata" variety="walczuchae">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8FFFA1C7E5F8BD43116E05" box="[447,572,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">walczuchae</emphasis>
|
||
(Mahdihassan)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9F3A1EFF8FFFA1C4B5F8BD42EA6E05" author="Varshney" box="[751,967,1810,1833]" page="370" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1984">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF8FFFA1C4B5F8BD42BF6E05" author="Varshney" box="[751,914,1810,1833]" pageId="26" pageNumber="41" refString="Varshney, R. K. (1984) A review of the family Tachardiidae (Kerriidae) in the Orient (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Oriental Insects, 18, 361 - 384." type="journal article" year="1984">Varshney 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 370
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF8FFFA1C6CDF89D44A76E65" blockId="26.[151,1437,1426,1961]" box="[151,1418,1842,1865]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2E3B21FF8FFFA1C6CDF89D44A76E65" box="[151,1418,1842,1865]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8FFFA1C6CDF89D40C16E65" box="[151,492,1842,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lobata" subSpecies="schmidti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8FFFA1C6CDF89D40C16E65" box="[151,492,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Paratachardina lobata schmidti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9F3A1EFF8FFFA1C7A0F89D43F86E65" author="Ben-Dov" box="[506,725,1842,1865]" page="279" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="2006">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF8FFFA1C7A0F89D438D6E65" author="Ben-Dov" box="[506,672,1842,1865]" pageId="26" pageNumber="39" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (2006) A systematic catalogue of eight scale insect families (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of the world: Aclerdidae, Asterolecaniidae, Beesoniidae, Carayonemidae, Conchaspididae, Dactylopiidae, Kerriidae and Lecanodiaspididae. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 368 pp." type="book" year="2006">Ben-Dov, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 279
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. Unjustified elevation of rank [See 'Notes' below for discussion.]
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF8FFFA1C6CDF8FD402E6EA5" blockId="26.[151,1437,1426,1961]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2E3B21FF8FFFA1C6CDF8FD402E6EA5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8FFFA1C6CDF8FD433F6E45" box="[151,530,1874,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lobata" subSpecies="walczuchae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8FFFA1C6CDF8FD433F6E45" box="[151,530,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Paratachardina lobata walczuchae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9F3A1EFF8FFFA1C47EF8FD42296E45" author="Ben-Dov" box="[548,772,1874,1897]" page="280" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="2006">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF8FFFA1C47EF8FD43E16E45" author="Ben-Dov" box="[548,716,1874,1897]" pageId="26" pageNumber="39" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (2006) A systematic catalogue of eight scale insect families (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of the world: Aclerdidae, Asterolecaniidae, Beesoniidae, Carayonemidae, Conchaspididae, Dactylopiidae, Kerriidae and Lecanodiaspididae. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 368 pp." type="book" year="2006">Ben-Dov, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 280
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. Unjustified elevation of rank [See 'Notes' below for discussion.]
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF8FFFA1C6CDF83D42DA6E85" blockId="26.[151,1437,1426,1961]" box="[151,1015,1938,1961]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2E3B21FF8FFFA1C6CDF83D42DA6E85" box="[151,1015,1938,1961]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8FFFA1C6CDF83D40C56E85" authority="Green" authorityName="Green" box="[151,488,1938,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8FFFA1C6CDF83D40A66E85" box="[151,395,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Paratachardina lobata</emphasis>
|
||
(Green)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9F3A1EFF8FFFA1C7A9F83D43EE6E85" author="Varshney" box="[499,707,1938,1961]" page="56" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1977">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF8FFFA1C7A9F83D43B76E85" author="Varshney" box="[499,666,1938,1961]" pageId="26" pageNumber="41" refString="Varshney, R. K. (1977) Taxonomic studies on lac insects of India (Homoptera: Tachardiidae). Oriental Insects, Supplement 5 (1976), 1 - 97." type="journal article" year="1977">Varshney, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 56
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; 1984: 370. Incorrect author.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3244F84FF8FFFA7C6CDF875425D6EB0" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF8FFFA0C6CDF875445E69F6" blockId="26.[151,1436,2010,2036]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1437,151,2018]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8FFFA1C6CDF875409E6ED8" bold="true" box="[151,435,2010,2036]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485A2ADFF8FFFA1C6CDF87541F96ED8" box="[151,212,2010,2036]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material studied.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8FFFA1C7E6F87442686ED8" authority="Mahdihassan." authorityName="Mahdihassan." box="[444,837,2010,2036]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8FFFA1C7E6F87443B56ED8" box="[444,664,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tachardia silvestri</emphasis>
|
||
Mahdihassan.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8FFFA1C517F87542FC6ED8" bold="true" box="[845,977,2010,2036]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485A2ADFF8FFFA1C517F87542E66ED8" box="[845,971,2010,2036]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult female, by subsequent designation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF8EFFA0C682FF3740BE699E" author="Varshney" box="[216,403,152,178]" pageId="27" pageNumber="41" refString="Varshney, R. K. (1977) Taxonomic studies on lac insects of India (Homoptera: Tachardiidae). Oriental Insects, Supplement 5 (1976), 1 - 97." type="journal article" year="1977">Varshney 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8EFFA0C7F6FF384326699D" bold="true" box="[428,523,151,177]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3295C9FFF8EFFA0C7F6FF38432A699D" box="[428,519,151,177]" name="India" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Bangalore,
|
||
<date id="FF803ACFFF8EFFA0C4FEFF374238699E" box="[676,789,152,178]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1922-02">Feb.1922</date>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8EFFA0C53FFF3742C3699E" box="[869,1006,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestri">T. Silvestri</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8EFFA0C27CFF3745C4699D" box="[1062,1257,152,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Ixora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parviflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8EFFA0C27CFF3745C4699D" box="[1062,1257,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ixora parviflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1(4:
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485A2ADFF8EFFA0C36AFF3744B6699E" box="[1328,1435,152,178]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
clearly indicated on slide + 3
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485A2ADFF8EFFA0C7ABFF6F43B169F6" box="[497,668,192,218]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2F84CAFF8EFFA0C4EEFF6F423D69F6" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[692,784,192,218]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8EFFA0C579FF1042CF69F5" bold="true" box="[803,994,191,217]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485A2ADFF8EFFA0C579FF1042F069F5" box="[803,989,191,217]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Same slide as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485A2ADFF8EFFA0C2CAFF6F45D669F6" box="[1168,1275,192,218]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2F84CAFF8EFFA0C351FF6F444B69F6" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1291,1382,192,218]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF8EFFA0C69DFF47459168DE" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8EFFA0C69DFF474317682E" authority="Chamberlin." authorityName="Chamberlin." box="[199,570,232,258]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8EFFA0C69DFF4740B2682D" box="[199,415,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Tachardina lobata</emphasis>
|
||
Chamberlin.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485A2ADFF8EFFA0C418FF484393682D" box="[578,702,231,257]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="lectotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8EFFA0C418FF484393682D" bold="true" box="[578,702,231,257]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Lectotype</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
, hereby designated. Adult female, on slide labelled as "
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485A2ADFF8EFFA0C30EFF4741E26806" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
",
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8EFFA0C6BEFEA043486805" bold="true" box="[228,613,271,297]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3295C9FFF8EFFA0C6BEFEA0404F6805" box="[228,354,271,297]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">CEYLON</collectingCountry>
|
||
(now
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3295C9FFF8EFFA0C7F5FEA043756805" box="[431,600,271,297]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2F84CAFF8EFFA0C7F5FEA040CD6805" box="[431,480,271,297]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z5p4-dpar" name="Serengetti Research Institute" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">SRI</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2F84CAFF8EFFA0C7B2FEA043756805" box="[488,600,271,297]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">LANKA</collectionCode>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Peradeniya, ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8EFFA0C579FEBF45206805" box="[803,1037,272,297]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Fluggea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="leucopyrus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8EFFA0C579FEBF45206805" box="[803,1037,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fluggea leucopyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[misspelt on label and now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8EFFA0C301FEBF405D687D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Securinega" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leucopyrus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8EFFA0C301FEBF405D687D" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Securinega leucopyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], from E.E. Green, 1(4:
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485A2ADFF8EFFA0C4FEFE97423F687E" box="[676,786,312,338]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, clearly marked on label + 3
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485A2ADFF8EFFA0C2DEFE974402687E" box="[1156,1327,312,338]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
) (BME).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8EFFA0C6CDFEF0407B6855" bold="true" box="[151,342,351,377]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485A2ADFF8EFFA0C6CDFEF0407C6855" box="[151,337,351,377]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Same label data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485A2ADFF8EFFA0C415FECF43936856" box="[591,702,352,378]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, 6(15, including
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38D786FF8EFFA0C5D4FECF42CF6856" box="[910,994,352,378]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="adult">3 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
females on same slide as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485A2ADFF8EFFA0C37DFECF44B86856" box="[1319,1429,352,378]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) (BME); 5 boxes of dry material, same label data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485A2ADFF8EFFA0C4AAFE274276688E" box="[752,859,392,418]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
except some labels also with: "Coll. E.E.G.,
|
||
<date id="FF803ACFFF8EFFA0C33FFE2741F868E6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1899-12">Dec. 1899</date>
|
||
" (BME); slide mounted by PJG 2006 from BME dry material labelled as: "
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8EFFA0C20BFE1F442668E5" box="[1105,1291,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Tachard.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8EFFA0C29AFE1F442668E5" box="[1216,1291,432,457]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">lobata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
/Green m.s./ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8EFFA0C68DFE7740EC68DD" box="[215,449,472,497]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Fluggea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="leucopyrus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8EFFA0C68DFE7740EC68DD" box="[215,449,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fluggea leucopyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8EFFA0C456FE77423A68DD" box="[524,791,472,497]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Securinega" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leucopyrus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8EFFA0C456FE77423A68DD" box="[524,791,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Securinega leucopyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]/Peradeniya,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3295C9FFF8EFFA0C5E0FE77453868DE" box="[954,1045,472,498]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ceylon</collectingCountry>
|
||
", 2(2) (BME).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF8EFFA0C69DFE5042866A86" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8EFFA0C69DFE5043DB6B35" bold="true" box="[199,758,511,537]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Other material studied.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3295C9FFF8EFFA0C7A1FE50437B6B35" box="[507,598,511,537]" name="India" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Karnataka,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Bangalore, coll. S. Mahdihassan, slide mounted by PJG 2006 from BME dry material labelled as: "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8EFFA0C4CEFD8742736B6D" box="[660,862,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8EFFA0C4CEFD8742736B6D" box="[660,862,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Tachardia lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Chamberlin / On
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8EFFA0C21FFD87442E6B6D" box="[1093,1283,552,577]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Ixora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parviflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8EFFA0C21FFD87442E6B6D" box="[1093,1283,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ixora parviflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Bangalore,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3295C9FFF8EFFA0C6CDFDFF41FE6B46" box="[151,211,592,618]" name="India" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
/ Coll. S. Madihassan[sic] / det. E.E.G.", 2(2) (BME); Bangalore,
|
||
<date id="FF803ACFFF8EFFA0C589FDFF45026B46" box="[979,1071,592,618]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1922-11">xi.1922</date>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8EFFA0C22EFDFF45DA6B46" box="[1140,1271,592,618]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestri">T. Silvestri</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8EFFA0C379FDFF41FB6BBD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Ixora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8EFFA0C379FDFF41FB6BBD" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ixora coccinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1(4) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2F84CAFF8EFFA0C77FFDD740AD6BBE" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[293,384,632,658]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
); Bangalore,
|
||
<date id="FF803ACFFF8EFFA0C446FDD7435A6BBE" box="[540,631,632,658]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1923-02">ii. 1923</date>
|
||
, coll. F.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8EFFA0C481FDD742126BBE" box="[731,831,632,658]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestri">Silvestri</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8EFFA0C534FDD7444D6BBE" authority="Let. S. Mahdihassan" authorityName="Let. S. Mahdihassan" box="[878,1376,632,658]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Guazuma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8EFFA0C534FDD745736BBD" box="[878,1118,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Guazuma tomentosa</emphasis>
|
||
, Let. S. Mahdihassan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1(8) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2F84CAFF8EFFA0C6C5FD0F41D76B96" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[159,250,672,698]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
); Bangalore, coll.
|
||
<date id="FF803ACFFF8EFFA0C78AFD0F431F6B96" box="[464,562,672,698]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1922-11">xi. 1922</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8EFFA0C464FD0F43EC6B96" box="[574,705,672,698]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestri">T. Silvestri</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ex sandalwood tree [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8EFFA0C59AFD0F45526B95" box="[960,1151,672,697]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Santalaceae" genus="Santalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="album">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8EFFA0C59AFD0F45526B95" box="[960,1151,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Santalum album</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], slide-mounted by PJG 2006 from
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2F84CAFF8EFFA0C741FD67405D6BCE" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[283,368,712,738]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
dry material, 6(6) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2F84CAFF8EFFA0C402FD67439E6BCE" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[600,691,712,738]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
); Bangalore, Malleshwaram Circle,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A7AC8FF8EFFA0C207FD6745EC6BCE" box="[1117,1217,712,738]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="925" value="12.966666">12°58'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A7AC8FF8EFFA0C294FD6744036BCE" box="[1230,1326,712,738]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="925" value="77.63333">77°38'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF8EFFA0C361FD6744B56BCE" box="[1339,1432,712,738]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
, "Q", coll.
|
||
<date id="FF803ACFFF8EFFA0C74EFD5F40B56A26" box="[276,408,752,778]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2006-05-01" valueMax="2006-05-05" valueMin="2006-05-01">1–5.v.2006</date>
|
||
, R.W. Pemberton & S. Schroer, to
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2F84CAFF8EFFA0C510FD5F42B76A26" box="[842,922,752,778]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/e3b9-k2i3" name="United States Department of Agriculture" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">USDA</collectionCode>
|
||
quarantine Florida, ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8EFFA0C2E2FD5F44B86A25" box="[1208,1429,752,777]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pongamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8EFFA0C2E2FD5F44B86A25" box="[1208,1429,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pongamia pinnata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 8(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38D786FF8EFFA0C6F4FCB740236A1E" box="[174,270,792,818]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="adult">12 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
females + 7 first-instar nymphs) (BME).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8EFFA0C4A8FCB842A06A1D" bold="true" box="[754,909,791,817]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Tamil Nadu,</emphasis>
|
||
Coimbator, Onapalayan,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF8EFFA0C2EDFCB744246A1E" box="[1207,1289,792,818]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3528" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="ft" value="1100.0">1100 ft</quantity>
|
||
[ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF8EFFA0C31BFCB744A26A1E" box="[1345,1423,792,818]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="335.0">335 m</quantity>
|
||
],
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A7AC8FF8EFFA0C6CDFCEF41D46A76" box="[151,249,832,858]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="925" value="11.016666">11°01'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A7AC8FF8EFFA0C75CFCEF404B6A76" box="[262,358,832,858]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="925" value="76.86667">76°52'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<date id="FF803ACFFF8EFFA0C7F5FCEF40D16A76" box="[431,508,832,858]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2006-01">i.2006</date>
|
||
, R.W. Pemberton & S. Schroer, ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8EFFA0C5FBFCEF45566A75" box="[929,1147,832,857]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pongamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8EFFA0C5FBFCEF45566A75" box="[929,1147,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pongamia pinnata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, M, 4(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38D786FF8EFFA0C294FCEF440D6A76" box="[1230,1312,832,858]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="adult">3 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
females + 10 first-instar nymphs) (BME); same data except, coll.
|
||
<date id="FF803ACFFF8EFFA0C511FCC742FC6AAE" box="[843,977,872,898]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2006-05-01" valueMax="2006-05-05" valueMin="2006-05-01">1–5.v.2006</date>
|
||
, 2(7:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38D786FF8EFFA0C244FCC745586AAE" box="[1054,1141,872,898]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="adult">2 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
females + 5 first-instar nymphs) (BME); same data except, coll.
|
||
<date id="FF803ACFFF8EFFA0C422FC3F43F96A86" box="[632,724,912,938]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2006-06">vi.2006</date>
|
||
, M6, 1(1) (BME);
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF8EFFA0C69DFC17404C6AFE" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2018]" box="[199,353,952,978]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Adult female</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF8EFFA0C69DFC70423F6DEE" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8EFFA0C69DFC7040E26AD5" bold="true" box="[199,463,991,1017]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Unmounted material</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305008AFF8EFFA0C7B8FC4F43066AD6" box="[482,555,992,1018]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1675,1699]" captionTargetBox="[174,1412,535,1629]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,514,1651]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tests of Paratachardina spp. A, P. decorella, adult female, from W. M. Maskell's dry material; B, P. pseudolobata sp. nov., adult female, ex mango, type material; C, P. pseudolobata sp. nov., adult female after removal of test (al, anterior lobe; pl, posterior lobe; for other abbreviations see Glossary); D, P. silvestri, adult female, ex sandalwood tree, type material; E, P. mahdihassani sp. nov., adult female, type material; F, P. minuta, three adult females with three first-instar nymphs near their bases, type material; G, P. t e r n a t a, adult female, type material; H, P. thea e, two semifused adult females and two male pupae below, type material; I, P. t h e a e, adult females from China (note smoother texture of each ridge of test) (Photos: A, Rosa Henderson, B – I, T. Kondo)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179124/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Resin of test often fused; orange, or wine red to dark reddish brown, with tinges of orange. Test with 4 marginal lobes, each anterior lobe with 1–3 (usually 1) ridges, posterior lobes each with three ridges: anterior lobes smaller than posterior lobes; first-instar test incorporated into adult test on mid-dorsum, with a circular opening on an elevated area just posterior to first-instar test. Dimensions of adult female test:
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF8EFFA0C7DCFB2F433E6DB6" box="[390,531,1152,1178]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="1.3" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF8EFFA0C406FB2F43C56DB6" box="[604,744,1152,1178]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.8" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at anterior lobes,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF8EFFA0C5A3FB2F45A86DB6" box="[1017,1157,1152,1178]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at posterior lobes,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF8EFFA0C6CDFB0740096DEE" box="[151,292,1192,1218]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
high. Lac texture very hard, brittle, shiny.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF8EFFA0C69DFB6044516C3E" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8EFFA0C69DFB6040836DC5" bold="true" box="[199,430,1231,1257]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Mounted material</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig. 10). Body outline 4-lobed, anterior pair of lobes smaller than posterior pair. Body 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF8EFFA0C748FB5740466C3E" box="[274,363,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF8EFFA0C7EEFB57436F6C3E" box="[436,578,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.8" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide anteriorly,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF8EFFA0C552FB5742B86C3E" box="[776,917,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide posteriorly at widest point (n = 37).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF8EFFA7C69DFAB0425D6EB0" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2018]" lastBlockId="28.[301,880,1925,1949]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8EFFA0C69DFAB0401E6C15" bold="true" box="[199,307,1311,1337]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Dorsum.</emphasis>
|
||
Brachia short, 25–30 µm long, membranous, becoming slightly sclerotized at maturity. Brachial plates subcircular to oblong, often subquadrate, each 75–105 µm long, 55–68 µm wide; brachial crater absent; with a group of 15–28 pseudospines on narrowing side of plate, each pseudospine 5.0–7.5 µm long, with 1 seta on each side of group of pseudospines, each seta 5–6 µm long, setae often absent on one side. Brachial pores each ca. 4.0 µm wide, with 5 (rarely 4) loculi, totalling 2–8 pores per plate, usually present on area just anterior to pseudospines, often 1–3 pores found within pseudospine group around its margin. Anterior spiracles each
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF8EFFA0C750F9BF405F6F06" box="[266,370,1552,1578]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="55.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="50.0">50–60 m</quantity>
|
||
long, peritremes
|
||
<quantity id="4CC6B1EAFF8EFFA0C41BF9BF43846F06" box="[577,681,1552,1578]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="26.5" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="25.0">25–28 m</quantity>
|
||
wide, surrounded by a sclerotized area 80–105 µm long, 50–70 µm wide, bearing 3–6 spiracular pores; canellae represented by a group of 14–18 spiracular pores immediately outside spiracular sclerotization; canellar and spiracular pores similar in shape and size, each 4.0–5.0 µm wide with 4 or 5 (mostly 5) loculi. Dorsal spine well developed, 80–108 µm long, 65–78 µm at base, with a slit-like opening at apex; membranous pedicel about as long as dorsal spine, slightly wider than base of dorsal spine. Anal tubercle well developed, tapering, highly sclerotized; pre-anal plate 55–95 µm long, 153–230 µm wide, slightly less sclerotized than supra-anal plate, each with a fibrous texture, supra-anal plate 100–118 µm long, 120–148 µm wide, with a granulose texture on mid area. Pygidial apodemes slightly to moderately developed, extending from base of each anal tubercle towards body apex. Anal fringe entire, composed of 3 plates, each anal fringe plate 15–38 µm long, 10–20 µm wide, serrated or at least with some teeth. Anal ring entire, 37–40 µm wide, tip of setae surpassing anal fringe. Microducts scarce, present marginally and submarginally, and with several (7–12) present on each antero-anal lobe; diameter of duct rim ca. 3 µm. Spermatoid ducts hard to detect, 0–2 associated with each small-sized microduct and with medium-sized and large-sized microducts in marginal duct clusters, but not associated with microducts on ventral duct clusters. Body setae each 6–10 µm long marginally or submarginally, with longer setae, each 15–20 µm long, in a line running
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF89FFA7C777F82943F46EB0" authority="Mahdihassan" authorityName="Mahdihassan" box="[301,729,1925,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF89FFA7C777F829431F6EB1" box="[301,562,1926,1949]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Paratachardina silvestri</emphasis>
|
||
(Mahdihassan)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3244F84FF88FFA6C69DFF3841CB6C3E" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF88FFA6C69DFF3841CB6C3E" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF88FFA6C69DFF384030699D" bold="true" box="[199,285,151,177]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Venter.</emphasis>
|
||
Antennae 88–125 µm long, 2 segmented, segmentation poorly defined, with a sclerotized area near base, with 2 longer setae and 2 or 3 shorter setae on sclerotized area at apex of terminal segment. Clypeolabral shield 138–163 µm long, 83–115 µm wide. Labium apparently 1 segmented, 42–58 µm long, 63–75 µm wide. Pre-oral lobes elongate, present along margins of clypeolabral shield on each side; post-oral lobes each 43–50 µm wide, dome shaped, with microtrichia. Legs completely absent. Posterior spiracles much smaller than anterior spiracles, each 40–48 µm long (spiracular apodeme + peritreme), spiracular peritreme 18–23 µm wide; with 6–12 spiracular pores present around each spiracle, each ca. 4.0 µm wide. Marginal duct clusters distinct, oval to elongate oval, 8 pairs in total; each composed of 2
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485A2ADFF88FFA6C58AFE1F452368E6" box="[976,1038,432,458]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of microducts: (i) medium-sized microducts with elongate oval rim, each 3.5–4.0 µm wide, most abundant
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485A2ADFF88FFA6C25CFE77451568DE" box="[1030,1080,472,498]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
|
||
in each marginal duct cluster, and (ii) large-sized microducts with subcircular rim, each 4.5–5.0 µm wide, present on outer rim of cluster closest to body margin and on inner side of each cluster. Formula for marginal duct clusters as follows: mdc-i: 30–
|
||
<date id="FF803ACFFF88FFA6C69FFDFF41CF6B46" box="[197,226,592,618]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1965-06-10" valueMax="1965-12-17" valueMin="1965-06-10">65</date>
|
||
/6–12/10–17; mdc-ii: 10–
|
||
<date id="FF803ACFFF88FFA6C454FDFF43046B46" box="[526,553,592,618]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1915-02-02" valueMax="1915-05-06" valueMin="1915-02-02">15</date>
|
||
/2–5/2–6; mdc-iii: 8–
|
||
<date id="FF803ACFFF88FFA6C57CFDFF426F6B46" box="[806,834,592,618]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1912-03-02" valueMax="1912-04-05" valueMin="1912-03-02">12</date>
|
||
/3–4/2–5; mdc-iv: 6–
|
||
<date id="FF803ACFFF88FFA6C267FDFF45746B46" box="[1085,1113,592,618]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1910-02-03" valueMax="1910-04-05" valueMin="1910-02-03">10</date>
|
||
/2–4/3–5; mdc-v: 20–
|
||
<date id="FF803ACFFF88FFA6C300FDFF44586B46" box="[1370,1397,592,618]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1931-04-07" valueMax="1931-09-10" valueMin="1931-04-07">31</date>
|
||
/4– 9/7–10; mdc-vi: 20–
|
||
<date id="FF803ACFFF88FFA6C7D0FDD7408A6BBE" box="[394,423,632,658]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1935-04-08" valueMax="1935-08-10" valueMin="1935-04-08">35</date>
|
||
/4–8/8–10; mdc-vii: 15–
|
||
<date id="FF803ACFFF88FFA6C498FDD743CD6BBE" box="[706,736,632,658]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1932-04-04" valueMax="1932-08-11" valueMin="1932-04-04">32</date>
|
||
/4–8/4–11, and mdc-viii: 14–
|
||
<date id="FF803ACFFF88FFA6C262FDD7457A6BBE" box="[1080,1111,632,658]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1920-03-04" valueMax="1920-06-08" valueMin="1920-03-04">20</date>
|
||
/3–6/4–8. Ventral duct clusters subcircular or irregular in shape, all composed of medium-sized microducts, 5 to 6 (rarely 7) pairs in total; pair just anterior to mouthparts (vdc-1) largest with each microduct cluster of pair touching or almost touching (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305008AFF88FFA6C6C5FD5F41C96A26" box="[159,228,752,778]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1301,1325]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,198,1216]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,141,1275]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lac insect structures: A, simplex type marginal duct cluster of Kerria lacca; B, duplex type marginal duct cluster of Tachardiella; C, triplex type marginal duct cluster of Austrotachardiella; D, brachial plate of Albotachardina sinensis, arrow pointing to accessory projection (after Zhang 1992); E, long pedicel and dorsal spine of Albotachardina sinensis (after Zhang 1992); F, dorsal spine of Austrotachardia melaleuca; G, dorsal spine of A. australis; H, dorsal spine of A. acaciae; I, dorsal spine of A. angulata; J, marginal duct cluster with two associated auxiliary clusters of Afrotachardina brachysetosa; K, anal ring of Tachardina aurantiaca divided into four sections; L, anal ring of a South African Tachardina sp. divided into four sections; M, marginal duct cluster of T. aurantiaca; N – P, relative position of vdc- 1 and mouthparts in: N, P. pseudolobata; O, P. silvestri; P, P. mahdihassani; Q, typical macroduct of Austrotachardiella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179123/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3295C9FFF88FFA6C6BEFD5F41D36A26" box="[228,254,752,778]" name="Iceland" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
), vdc-1: 10–20 microducts (combined 24–40); a small cluster (vdc-2) present lateral to labium on each side with 4–10 microducts; a small cluster (vdc-3) present just anterior to each metathoracic spiracle with 0–4 microducts, 3 pairs of well-developed clusters on abdominal region (vdc-4: 3–7 microducts; vdc-5: 5–8; vdc-6: 5–9), often with a vestigial cluster (vdc-7) with 0–2 microducts; ventral duct clusters often appearing as a continuous linear group of microducts. Microducts outside ventral and marginal duct clusters smallest, each with rim ca. 3.0 µm wide, present marginally and submarginally, abundant particularly around marginal duct clusters, and also present in 2 linear groups extending from area ventral to dorsal tubercle towards body margin, rest of ventral derm devoid of microducts. Spermatoid ducts hard to detect, similar to those on dorsum, present around body margin, appearing most numerous within each marginal duct cluster (distribution not illustrated). Ventral setae each 7–10 µm long, about 3 pairs anterior to mouthparts, a pair anterolateral to each pre-oral lobe, 1 or 2 setae next to each posterior spiracle, a group of about 5 setae behind each posterior spiracle, a pair on each of last 3 abdominal segments anterior to vulva, 2 pairs on segment posterior to vulva, and a few longer setae, each 15–20 µm long, on submargin of posterior apex, setae absent elsewhere.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3244F84FF88FFA5C69DFAB040C06D5E" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF88FFA6C69DFAB0422C6F56" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF88FFA6C69DFAB0406A6C15" bold="true" box="[199,327,1311,1337]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF88FFA6C717FA8F43416C15" box="[333,620,1312,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF88FFA6C717FA8F43416C15" box="[333,620,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Paratachardina silvestri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF88FFA6C559FA8F42906C15" box="[771,957,1312,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudolobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF88FFA6C559FA8F42906C15" box="[771,957,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. pseudolobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it can be separated from this species by the character states given in the key. It can be diagnosed by the following combination of features: (i) ventral duct clusters totalling 5 to 6 pairs (rarely an additional vestigial seventh pair, each with 0–2 microducts) [4 pairs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF88FFA6C6AFFA3740826C9D" box="[245,431,1432,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudolobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF88FFA6C6AFFA3740826C9D" box="[245,431,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. pseudolobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], with clusters of most anterior pair touching or almost touching (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305008AFF88FFA6C2E9FA3745D86C9E" box="[1203,1269,1432,1458]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1301,1325]" captionTargetBox="[180,1379,198,1216]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,141,1275]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lac insect structures: A, simplex type marginal duct cluster of Kerria lacca; B, duplex type marginal duct cluster of Tachardiella; C, triplex type marginal duct cluster of Austrotachardiella; D, brachial plate of Albotachardina sinensis, arrow pointing to accessory projection (after Zhang 1992); E, long pedicel and dorsal spine of Albotachardina sinensis (after Zhang 1992); F, dorsal spine of Austrotachardia melaleuca; G, dorsal spine of A. australis; H, dorsal spine of A. acaciae; I, dorsal spine of A. angulata; J, marginal duct cluster with two associated auxiliary clusters of Afrotachardina brachysetosa; K, anal ring of Tachardina aurantiaca divided into four sections; L, anal ring of a South African Tachardina sp. divided into four sections; M, marginal duct cluster of T. aurantiaca; N – P, relative position of vdc- 1 and mouthparts in: N, P. pseudolobata; O, P. silvestri; P, P. mahdihassani; Q, typical macroduct of Austrotachardiella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179123/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3295C9FFF88FFA6C2AFFA3744226C9E" box="[1269,1295,1432,1458]" name="Iceland" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
), each cluster with 10–20 (total of both clusters 24–40) microducts [anterior pair well separated and each cluster with 20–45 microducts in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF88FFA6C7CBFA4743606F2D" box="[401,589,1512,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudolobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF88FFA6C7CBFA4743606F2D" box="[401,589,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. pseudolobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]; and (ii) test of adult females four-lobed with 1–3 ridges on each lobe, resin of test often fused to adjacent tests; orange, wine red to dark reddish brown in colour [test rather smooth and purplish red to dark reddish brown, never orange, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF88FFA6C569F99742C36F7D" box="[819,1006,1592,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudolobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF88FFA6C569F99742C36F7D" box="[819,1006,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. pseudolobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]. For comparison of
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF88FFA6C2BDF99744716F7D" box="[1255,1372,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. s i l v e s t r i</emphasis>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF88FFA6C6CDF9CF407A6F55" box="[151,343,1632,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahdihassani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF88FFA6C6CDF9CF407A6F55" box="[151,343,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. mahdihassani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, refer to the 'Diagnosis' of the latter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF88FFA6C69DF928447E6ECE" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF88FFA6C69DF92840396F8D" bold="true" box="[199,276,1671,1697]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Notes.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF88FFA6C744F927432D6F8E" author="Chamberlin" box="[286,512,1672,1698]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="29" pageNumber="39" refString="Chamberlin, J. C. (1925) Supplement to a monograph of the Lacciferidae (Tachardiinae) or lac insects (Homopt. Coccidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 16, 31 - 41." type="journal article" year="1925">Chamberlin (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
criticised the publication of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF88FFA6C501F92745776F8E" author="Mahdihassan" box="[859,1114,1672,1698]" pageId="29" pageNumber="40" refString="Mahdihassan, S. (1923 a) Classification of lac insects from a physiological standpoint. Journal of the Science Association, Maharajah's College, Vizianagaram, 1, 47 - 99." type="journal article" year="1923" yearSuffix="a">Mahdihassan (1923a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
vehemently and ended his introduction by stating: "All further comments, changes and additions are made in their appropriate position in the following systematic section." (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF88FFA6C46CF97742186FDE" author="Chamberlin" box="[566,821,1752,1778]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="29" pageNumber="39" refString="Chamberlin, J. C. (1925) Supplement to a monograph of the Lacciferidae (Tachardiinae) or lac insects (Homopt. Coccidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 16, 31 - 41." type="journal article" year="1925">Chamberlin 1925: 32</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In his section on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF88FFA6C24EF977441E6FDE" authority="Chamberlin" authorityName="Chamberlin" box="[1044,1331,1752,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF88FFA6C24EF97745B46FDD" box="[1044,1177,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tachardina</emphasis>
|
||
, Chamberlin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
used the name "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF88FFA6C6B0F8AF40F66E35" box="[234,475,1792,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF88FFA6C6B0F8AF40F66E35" box="[234,475,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tachardina silvestrii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" without explanation, although presumably he changed it deliberately. Mahdihassan did not indicate whether "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF88FFA6C7AEF887437A6E6E" box="[500,599,1832,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestri">silvestri</taxonomicName>
|
||
" was a noun or an adjective and thus according to Article 31.2.2 of the
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF88FFA6C6CDF8FF43E86E45" box="[151,709,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">International Code of Zoological Nomenclature</emphasis>
|
||
(ICZN 1999) "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF88FFA6C52EF8FF42FA6E46" box="[884,983,1872,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestri">silvestri</taxonomicName>
|
||
" should be treated as a noun in apposition and the original spelling retained. Chamberlin's "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF88FFA6C552F8D7425E6EBE" box="[776,883,1912,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii">silvestrii</taxonomicName>
|
||
" becomes an incorrect subsequent spelling and we use Mahdihassan's original spelling for the name of this species. Furthermore, the transfer of this species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF88FFA6C6EFF86740426ECD" box="[181,367,1992,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF88FFA6C6EFF86740426ECD" box="[181,367,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Paratachardina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was by Varshney (1968), not
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF88FFA6C494F86742D26ECE" author="Varshney" box="[718,1023,1992,2018]" pageId="29" pageNumber="41" refString="Varshney, R. K. & Teotia, T. P. S. (1968) A supplementary list of the host-plant of lac insects. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 64, 488 - 511." type="journal article" year="1968">Varshney & Teotia (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as listed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF88FFA6C2D0F86744626ECE" author="Ben-Dov" box="[1162,1359,1992,2018]" pageId="29" pageNumber="39" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (2006) A systematic catalogue of eight scale insect families (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of the world: Aclerdidae, Asterolecaniidae, Beesoniidae, Carayonemidae, Conchaspididae, Dactylopiidae, Kerriidae and Lecanodiaspididae. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 368 pp." type="book" year="2006">Ben-Dov (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B811C0FFF8BFFA5C69DFF3740C06D5E" blockId="30.[151,1437,152,1138]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Three subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8BFFA5C7E4FF374305699D" box="[446,552,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C7E4FF374305699D" box="[446,552,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P. lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8BFFA5C40CFF3743FF699D" box="[598,722,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C40CFF3743FF699D" box="[598,722,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P. silvestri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF8BFFA5C5DEFF374564699E" author="Ben-Dov" box="[900,1097,152,178]" pageId="30" pageNumber="39" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (2006) A systematic catalogue of eight scale insect families (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of the world: Aclerdidae, Asterolecaniidae, Beesoniidae, Carayonemidae, Conchaspididae, Dactylopiidae, Kerriidae and Lecanodiaspididae. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 368 pp." type="book" year="2006">Ben-Dov (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8BFFA5C2D7FF37409969F6" authority="Mahdihassan" authorityName="Mahdihassan" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lobata" subSpecies="schmidti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C2D7FF3741D769F5" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Paratachardina lobata schmidti</emphasis>
|
||
(Mahdihassan)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8BFFA5C79BFF6F425B69F6" authority="Mahdihassan" authorityName="Mahdihassan" box="[449,886,192,218]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lobata" subSpecies="walczuchae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C79BFF6F439169F5" box="[449,700,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P. lobata walczuchae</emphasis>
|
||
(Mahdihassan)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8BFFA5C5ECFF6F443369F6" authority="Chamberlin" authorityName="Chamberlin" box="[950,1310,192,218]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lobata" subSpecies="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C5ECFF6F455969F5" box="[950,1140,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P. lobata lobata</emphasis>
|
||
(Chamberlin)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, no justification is provided for recognizing as subspecies the two varieties mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF8BFFA5C2FFFF4744BA682E" author="Mahdihassan" box="[1189,1431,232,258]" pageId="30" pageNumber="40" refString="Mahdihassan, S. (1946) Two varieties of Tachardina lobata. Current Science (India) 15, 135 - 136." type="journal article" year="1946">Mahdihassan (1946)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, nor for recognizing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8BFFA5C7DBFEBF43166805" box="[385,571,272,297]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lobata" subSpecies="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C7DBFEBF43166805" box="[385,571,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P. lobata lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF8BFFA5C4A1FEBF42ED6806" author="Ben-Dov" box="[763,960,272,298]" pageId="30" pageNumber="39" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (2006) A systematic catalogue of eight scale insect families (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of the world: Aclerdidae, Asterolecaniidae, Beesoniidae, Carayonemidae, Conchaspididae, Dactylopiidae, Kerriidae and Lecanodiaspididae. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 368 pp." type="book" year="2006">Ben-Dov (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. According to article 45.6.4 of the
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C303FEBF43A0687D" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">International Code of Zoological Nomenclature</emphasis>
|
||
(ICZN 1999: 50), names of varieties described before 1961 should be treated as subspecies unless their author also expressly gave them infrasubspecific rank or the content of the work unambiguously reveals that the names were proposed for infrasubspecific entities. Mahdihassan's two varietal names fall into the infrasubspecific category, as explained below.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF8BFFA5C27FFE1F443968E6" author="Mahdihassan" box="[1061,1300,432,458]" pageId="30" pageNumber="40" refString="Mahdihassan, S. (1946) Two varieties of Tachardina lobata. Current Science (India) 15, 135 - 136." type="journal article" year="1946">Mahdihassan (1946)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
named two morphologically identical varieties,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8BFFA5C41FFE77423368DD" box="[581,798,472,497]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C41FFE77423368DD" box="[581,798,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Tachardina lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8BFFA5C572FE7742F668DD" box="[808,987,472,498]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="variety" variety="walczuchii">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C507FE7742F668DD" box="[861,987,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">walczuchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8BFFA5C242FE7745AF68DD" box="[1048,1154,472,497]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C242FE7745AF68DD" box="[1048,1154,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">T. lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8BFFA5C2D6FE77440168DD" box="[1164,1324,472,498]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="variety" variety="schmidtii">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C29AFE77440168DD" box="[1216,1324,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">schmidtii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the same locality (in Bangalore,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3295C9FFF8BFFA5C7BCFDAF43096B36" box="[486,548,512,538]" name="India" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
) but on different host plants (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8BFFA5C526FDAF454E6B35" box="[892,1123,512,537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Michelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="champaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C526FDAF454E6B35" box="[892,1123,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Michelia champaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8BFFA5C2C1FDAF44A76B35" box="[1179,1418,512,537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Guazuma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C2C1FDAF44A76B35" box="[1179,1418,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Guazuma tomentosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and distinguished them from each other on the basis of morphologically different bacterial symbionts. Furthermore,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF8BFFA5C748FDFF43686B46" author="Mahdihassan" box="[274,581,592,618]" pageId="30" pageNumber="40" refString="Mahdihassan, S. (1946) Two varieties of Tachardina lobata. Current Science (India) 15, 135 - 136." type="journal article" year="1946">Mahdihassan (1946: 136)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
commented as follows: "There is no meaning in naming one insect
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8BFFA5C3DCFDFF41CF6BBD" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C3DCFDFF41CF6BBD" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">T. lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8BFFA5C7CAFDD740D76BBD" box="[400,506,632,657]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C7CAFDD740D76BBD" box="[400,506,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">T. lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
variety
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C407FDD743F76BBD" box="[605,730,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Walczuchii</emphasis>
|
||
, for one is as much as the other. Mere museum-specimens cannot but be simply called
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8BFFA5C7B9FD0F43666B95" box="[483,587,672,697]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C7B9FD0F43666B95" box="[483,587,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">T. lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which might mean one or the other variety; cytologically and by blood smears the varieties can be easily distinguished".
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF8BFFA5C48CFD6742916BCE" author="Kapur" box="[726,956,712,738]" pageId="30" pageNumber="40" refString="Kapur, A. P. (1958) A Catalogue of the Lac Insects (Lacciferidae, Hemiptera). Lac Cess Commission, Ranchi, India, 47 pp." type="book" year="1958" yearSuffix="p">Kapur (1958, p. 38)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized only the "
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C2E1FD6744156BCD" box="[1211,1336,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">walczuchii</emphasis>
|
||
" variety and regarded the "
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C735FD5F40F76A25" box="[367,474,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">schmidtii</emphasis>
|
||
" variety as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8BFFA5C54BFD5F42C46A25" box="[785,1001,752,777]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C54BFD5F42C46A25" box="[785,1001,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Tachardina lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In a review of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8BFFA5C288FD5F403A6A1E" authority="Varshney (1984)" authorityName="Varshney" authorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Kerriidae,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF61FEFF8BFFA5C315FD5F403A6A1E" author="Varshney" pageId="30" pageNumber="41" refString="Varshney, R. K. (1984) A review of the family Tachardiidae (Kerriidae) in the Orient (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Oriental Insects, 18, 361 - 384." type="journal article" year="1984">Varshney (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recognizes Mahdihassan's two names as mere varieties of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8BFFA5C596FCB745186A1D" box="[972,1077,792,817]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C596FCB745186A1D" box="[972,1077,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P. lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We suggest that it is inappropriate to elevate these varietal names to subspecies level, and here we treat Mahdihassan's
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8BFFA5C29EFCEF44B16A75" box="[1220,1436,832,857]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C29EFCEF44B16A75" box="[1220,1436,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Tachardina lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8BFFA5C6CDFCC740156AAD" box="[151,312,872,898]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="variety" variety="schmidtii">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C696FCC740156AAD" box="[204,312,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">schmidtii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8BFFA5C72DFCC740CF6AAD" box="[375,482,872,897]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C72DFCC740CF6AAD" box="[375,482,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">T. lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8BFFA5C7B7FCC7438D6AAD" box="[493,672,872,898]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="variety" variety="walczuchii">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C479FCC7438D6AAD" box="[547,672,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">walczuchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as varieties. However, we believe that Mahdihassan may have been referring to bacterial variation in the species that we describe above as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8BFFA5C241FC3F45F66A85" box="[1051,1243,912,937]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahdihassani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C241FC3F45F66A85" box="[1051,1243,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P. mahdihassani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see under 'Etymology and notes' for that species) rather than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8BFFA5C483FC17426C6AFD" box="[729,833,952,977]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Tachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C483FC17426C6AFD" box="[729,833,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P. lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(now
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C5D6FC17452F6AFD" box="[908,1026,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P. s i l v e s t r i</emphasis>
|
||
). Unfortunately Mahdihassan designated no
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485A2ADFF8BFFA5C77AFC4F407E6AD6" box="[288,339,992,1018]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens nor did he give any descriptions of the morphology for these varieties, and he appears not to have deposited any specimens in a museum. Hence, deliberately we have not considered either of these varietal names as possible valid names for our new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8BFFA5C5F4FB9F45406D65" box="[942,1133,1072,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahdihassani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C5F4FB9F45406D65" box="[942,1133,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P. mahdihassani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but do list them above in the synonymy for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E678CFF8BFFA5C737FBF740CA6D5D" box="[365,487,1112,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" genus="Paratachardina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AC01DFF8BFFA5C737FBF740CA6D5D" box="[365,487,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P. silvestri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |