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<mods:title id="0A0FA4D55E964B748BAEC18DA33F9D86">Diversity and taxonomy of intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) at Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F2EA79749ED14DEA1C5081BCDEBD8E44">Dick, Matthew H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="88BB91E1EE035ECE722B1838BEE6AA20">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DE9ECCC13210A60EE68597B61588465E">2007</mods:date>
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<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC69DE16FEAE26ACD2A21F10" bold="true" box="[380,688,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077">Cauloramphus magnus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6B42BEB6CC69DE16FD6B26ACD3A21F10" author="Dick MH &amp; Ross JRP" box="[697,944,764,788]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077" refId="ref52032" refString="Dick MH, Ross JRP. 1988. Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of the Kodiak vicinity, Alaska. Bellingham: Western Washington University. 133 p. (Centre for Pacific Northwest Studies occasional paper; 23)." type="book" year="1988">Dick and Ross, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="97E8DFC2CC69DE16FD8E274CD2DC1F30" box="[604,718,796,820]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="33.[125,185,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[125,1174,133,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-78@33.[125,1174,133,1208]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 10. Cauloramphus magnus Dick and Ross, 1988. (A, C, D) NHM 2006.2.27.3334; (B) NHM 2006.2.27.54; (E) NHM 2006.2.27.35; (F) NHM 2006.2.27.32. (A) Colony margin with developing zooids, unbleached; (B) same, bleached; (C) autozooids, unbleached; (D) close up of autozooids showing details of avicularia and spines, unbleached; (E) autozooids, bleached; (F) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids, bleached. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (AC, E, F); 0.4 mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5228855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5228855/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077">Figure 10</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="0F6CC347CC69DE16FF58276CD3D51F50" blockId="32.[138,1184,764,981]" box="[138,967,828,852]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077">
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<treatmentCitation id="8E72E556CC69DE16FF58276CD2D31F50" author="Dick MH &amp; Ross JRP" box="[138,705,828,852]" page="36" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077" year="1988">
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC69DE16FF58276CD2D31F50" ID-CoL="RXH4" authority="Dick and Ross 1988, p 36" authorityName="Dick and Ross" authorityPageNumber="36" authorityYear="1988" box="[138,705,828,852]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Cauloramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="magnus">
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC69DE16FF58276CD1971F50" box="[138,389,828,852]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077">Cauloramphus magnus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6B42BEB6CC69DE16FE5C276CD2921F50" author="Dick MH &amp; Ross JRP" box="[398,640,828,852]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077" refId="ref52032" refString="Dick MH, Ross JRP. 1988. Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of the Kodiak vicinity, Alaska. Bellingham: Western Washington University. 133 p. (Centre for Pacific Northwest Studies occasional paper; 23)." type="book" year="1988">Dick and Ross 1988</bibRefCitation>
, p 36
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, Plates 2F, 10C, 13B.
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<treatmentCitation id="8E72E556CC69DE16FF58270DD2D11F71" author="Grischenko AV" box="[138,707,861,885]" page="163" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077" year="1997">
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC69DE16FF58270DD2D11F71" ID-CoL="RXH4" authority=": Grischenko 1997, p 163" authorityName="Grischenko" authorityPageNumber="163" authorityYear="1997" box="[138,707,861,885]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Cauloramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="magnus">
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC69DE16FF58270DD19B1F71" box="[138,393,861,885]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077">Cauloramphus magnus</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="6B42BEB6CC69DE16FE4D270DD27D1F71" author="Grischenko AV" box="[415,623,861,885]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077" pagination="153 - 192" refId="ref53186" refString="Grischenko AV. 1997. Bryozoans (Ctenostomida, Cheilostomida) of the Commander Islands shelf zone. In: Rzhavsky AV, editor. Benthic flora and fauna of the shelf zone of the Commander Islands. Vladivostok: Dalnauka Press. p 153 - 192. (Rus with Eng summary)." type="book chapter" year="1997">Grischenko 1997</bibRefCitation>
, p 163
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; 2004, p 40;
<treatmentCitation id="8E72E556CC69DE16FCB9270DD48E1F71" author="Dick MH &amp; Grischenko AV &amp; Mawatari SF" box="[875,1180,861,885]" page="3700" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="6B42BEB6CC69DE16FCB9270DD42B1F71" author="Dick MH &amp; Grischenko AV &amp; Mawatari SF" box="[875,1081,861,885]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077" pagination="3687 - 3784" refId="ref51869" refString="Dick MH, Grischenko AV, Mawatari SF. 2005. Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of Ketchikan, Alaska. Journal of Natural History 39 (43): 3687 - 3784." type="journal article" year="2005">Dick et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
, p 3700
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,
<figureCitation id="97E8DFC2CC69DE16FF77272DD12F1F91" box="[165,317,893,917]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="12.[138,198,1453,1472]" captionTargetBox="[246,1076,136,1414]" captionTargetId="figure-44@12.[246,1076,133,1417]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 2. Dendrogram (below) showing similarity of sampling localities based on species presence/absence, and a map (above) showing the geographical distribution of three groups of sampling localities (circled) that are less than 70% similar in species composition between groups." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5228839" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5228839/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077">Figure 2EH</figureCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0F6CC347CC69DE16FF5827CDD31E1FB1" blockId="32.[138,1184,764,981]" box="[138,780,925,949]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2FC3E469CC69DE16FF5827CDD31E1FB1" box="[138,780,925,949]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077">
<treatmentCitation id="8E72E556CC69DE16FF5827CDD31A1FB1" author="Dick MH &amp; Ross JRP" box="[138,776,925,949]" page="89" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077" year="1986">
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC69DE16FF5827CDD31A1FB1" ID-CoL="RXGW" authority=": Dick and Ross 1986, p 89" authorityName="Dick and Ross" authorityPageNumber="89" authorityYear="1986" box="[138,776,925,949]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Cauloramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cymbaeformis">
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC69DE16FF5827CDD1D11FB1" box="[138,451,925,949]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077">Cauloramphus cymbaeformis</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="6B42BEB6CC69DE16FE0627CDD2D41FB1" author="Dick MH &amp; Ross JRP" box="[468,710,925,949]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077" pagination="87 - 93" refId="ref51983" refString="Dick MH, Ross JRP. 1986. Intertidal cheilostome bryozoans in rock-pile habitat at Narrow Strait, Kodiak, Alaska. In: Nielsen C, Larwood GP, editors, Bryozoa: Ordovician to Recent. Fredensborg: Olsen and Olsen. p 87 - 93." type="book chapter" year="1986">Dick and Ross 1986</bibRefCitation>
, p 89
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0F6CC347CC69DE16FF5827EDD38E1FD1" blockId="32.[138,1184,764,981]" box="[138,924,957,981]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2FC3E469CC69DE16FF5827EDD38E1FD1" box="[138,924,957,981]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077">
<treatmentCitation id="8E72E556CC69DE16FF5827EDD3351FD1" author="Kubota K &amp; Mawatari SF" box="[138,807,957,981]" page="80" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077" year="1985">
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC69DE16FF5827EDD3351FD1" ID-CoL="RXHB" authority=": Kubota and Mawatari 1985 a, p 80" authorityName=": Kubota and Mawatari" authorityPageNumber="80" authorityYear="1985" box="[138,807,957,981]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Cauloramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spinifer">
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC69DE16FF5827EDD16D1FD1" box="[138,383,957,981]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077">Cauloramphus spinifer</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="6B42BEB6CC69DE16FE4227EDD2F51FD1" author="Kubota K &amp; Mawatari SF" box="[400,743,957,981]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077" pagination="75 - 91" refId="ref55052" refString="Kubota K, Mawatari SF. 1985 a. A systematic study of cheilostomatous bryozoans from Oshoro Bay, Hokkaido. 1. Anasca. Environmental Science, Hokkaido 8 (1): 75 - 91." type="journal article" year="1985">Kubota and Mawatari 1985a</bibRefCitation>
, p 80
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,
<figureCitation id="97E8DFC2CC69DE16FCE727EDD3851FD1" box="[821,919,957,981]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="21.[125,185,1501,1520]" captionTargetBox="[161,1137,133,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-0@21.[161,1137,133,1466]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 5. Electra asiatica n. sp. (A, G) NHM 2006.2.27.19; (B) NHM 2006.2.27.20; (C, D) NHM 2006.2.27.21; (E, F) NHM 2006.2.27.24. Colony from Ptichiy Island, Sea of Okhotsk (H). (A, B) Colonies radiating in coherent, fan-shaped lobes from the point of origin, unbleached; (C) colony margin with developing zooids, unbleached; (D) astogenetically mature zooids, unbleached; (E) astogenetically mature zooids, bleached; (F) astogenetically mature zooids with a small interzooidal kenozooid (lower right quadrant), bleached; (G) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids; enlargement of ancestrular area seen in panel (A), unbleached; (H) astogenetically mature zooids, bleached. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (CH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5228845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5228845/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077">Figure 5</figureCitation>
.
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<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC69DE16FF58205ED14A1822" box="[138,344,1038,1062]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077">Material examined</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="BFBBC91ACC69DE16FF58206ED2E518B2" country="Japan" location="Oshoro Bay" municipality="Sea" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077" specimenCount="97" stateProvince="Hokkaido">
ANC, ancestrular colony on rock (NHM 2006.2.27.32), colony on rock (NHM 2006.2.27.54), two extensive colonies on rock (NHM 2006.2.27.3334); DIN, two colony fragments (NHM 2006.2.27.35). Additional material:
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; also several colonies on stones from
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,
<collectingRegion id="CD170DA5CC69DE16FE0F20CED24018B2" box="[477,594,1182,1206]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
,
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of
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.
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<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC69DE16FF5820BED1111902" box="[138,259,1262,1286]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077">Description</emphasis>
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Colony up to
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across, light yellow to tan when alive. Zooids (
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)
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long (0.67¡
<quantity id="C82B6EA2CC69DE16FE47216ED2131952" box="[405,513,1342,1366]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077" unit="mm" value="0.07">0.07 mm</quantity>
),
<quantity id="C82B6EA2CC69DE16FDC9216ED2D01952" box="[539,706,1342,1366]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.48" valueMin="0.32">0.320.48 mm</quantity>
wide (0.39¡
<quantity id="C82B6EA2CC69DE16FCB9216ED3C41952" box="[875,982,1342,1366]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077" unit="mm" value="0.04">0.04 mm</quantity>
), separated by a distinct, shallow groove. Cryptocyst (
<figureCitation id="97E8DFC2CC69DE16FD87210ED2CB1972" box="[597,729,1374,1398]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="33.[125,185,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[125,1174,133,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-78@33.[125,1174,133,1208]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 10. Cauloramphus magnus Dick and Ross, 1988. (A, C, D) NHM 2006.2.27.3334; (B) NHM 2006.2.27.54; (E) NHM 2006.2.27.35; (F) NHM 2006.2.27.32. (A) Colony margin with developing zooids, unbleached; (B) same, bleached; (C) autozooids, unbleached; (D) close up of autozooids showing details of avicularia and spines, unbleached; (E) autozooids, bleached; (F) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids, bleached. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (AC, E, F); 0.4 mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5228855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5228855/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077">Figure 10E</figureCitation>
) narrow, sloping, coarsely granulate. Gymnocyst mostly reduced, smooth; occasionally tapering back between preceding zooids. Opesia
<quantity id="C82B6EA2CC69DE16FF3021CED19819B2" box="[226,394,1438,1462]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.53" valueMin="0.37">0.370.53 mm</quantity>
long (0.44¡
<quantity id="C82B6EA2CC69DE16FDF721CED28319B2" box="[549,657,1438,1462]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077" unit="mm" value="0.04">0.04 mm</quantity>
),
<quantity id="C82B6EA2CC69DE16FD7421CED35C19B2" box="[678,846,1438,1462]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.200.30 mm</quantity>
wide (0.26¡
<quantity id="C82B6EA2CC69DE16FC3C21CED44B19B2" box="[1006,1113,1438,1462]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077" unit="mm" value="0.03">0.03 mm</quantity>
), with crenulate margin, occupying 7090% of zooidal length. Around mural rim, 1118 spines; five or six distal spines hollow, straight, thicker and blunter than the rest; proximal 612 spines considerably thinner, sharp, curved, arched over opesia, well separated, occasionally meeting in midline; in some zooids, most proximal spine erect, hollow, thicker and longer than others, similar in length to distal spines. Avicularia (
<figureCitation id="97E8DFC2CC69DE16FC8A226DD3CD1A51" box="[856,991,1597,1621]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="33.[125,185,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[125,1174,133,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-78@33.[125,1174,133,1208]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 10. Cauloramphus magnus Dick and Ross, 1988. (A, C, D) NHM 2006.2.27.3334; (B) NHM 2006.2.27.54; (E) NHM 2006.2.27.35; (F) NHM 2006.2.27.32. (A) Colony margin with developing zooids, unbleached; (B) same, bleached; (C) autozooids, unbleached; (D) close up of autozooids showing details of avicularia and spines, unbleached; (E) autozooids, bleached; (F) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids, bleached. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (AC, E, F); 0.4 mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5228855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5228855/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077">Figure 10D</figureCitation>
) generally rare, usually single when present, originating from gymnocyst between proximal and distal spines (
<figureCitation id="97E8DFC2CC69DE16FF33222DD19D1A91" box="[225,399,1661,1685]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="33.[125,185,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[125,1174,133,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-78@33.[125,1174,133,1208]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 10. Cauloramphus magnus Dick and Ross, 1988. (A, C, D) NHM 2006.2.27.3334; (B) NHM 2006.2.27.54; (E) NHM 2006.2.27.35; (F) NHM 2006.2.27.32. (A) Colony margin with developing zooids, unbleached; (B) same, bleached; (C) autozooids, unbleached; (D) close up of autozooids showing details of avicularia and spines, unbleached; (E) autozooids, bleached; (F) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids, bleached. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (AC, E, F); 0.4 mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5228855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5228855/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="1077">Figure 10C, D</figureCitation>
); slightly longer than distal spines, with relatively long, thin pedicel gradually expanding into heavy, slightly curved chamber with terminally facing rostrum; mandible triangular, directed laterally. Embryos brooded endozooidally; fertile zooids with a small kenozooidal ooecium (
<figureCitation id="97E8DFC2CC68DE17FE0E21A4D2721A08" box="[476,608,1524,1548]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="33.[125,185,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[125,1174,133,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-78@33.[125,1174,133,1208]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 10. Cauloramphus magnus Dick and Ross, 1988. (A, C, D) NHM 2006.2.27.3334; (B) NHM 2006.2.27.54; (E) NHM 2006.2.27.35; (F) NHM 2006.2.27.32. (A) Colony margin with developing zooids, unbleached; (B) same, bleached; (C) autozooids, unbleached; (D) close up of autozooids showing details of avicularia and spines, unbleached; (E) autozooids, bleached; (F) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids, bleached. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (AC, E, F); 0.4 mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5228855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5228855/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="1078">Figure 10E</figureCitation>
) occupying distal portion of mural rim. Six pore chambers in each lateral wall and three in distal wall. Ancestrula (
<figureCitation id="97E8DFC2CC68DE17FC4A2245D4091A29" box="[920,1051,1557,1581]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="33.[125,185,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[125,1174,133,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-78@33.[125,1174,133,1208]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 10. Cauloramphus magnus Dick and Ross, 1988. (A, C, D) NHM 2006.2.27.3334; (B) NHM 2006.2.27.54; (E) NHM 2006.2.27.35; (F) NHM 2006.2.27.32. (A) Colony margin with developing zooids, unbleached; (B) same, bleached; (C) autozooids, unbleached; (D) close up of autozooids showing details of avicularia and spines, unbleached; (E) autozooids, bleached; (F) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids, bleached. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (AC, E, F); 0.4 mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5228855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5228855/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="1078">Figure 10F</figureCitation>
) tatiform, elongate-oval,
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long, with about 16 spines along opesial margin. Ancestrula buds triplet of small zooids distally and distolaterally, each with 812 spines; ancestrula surrounded by six zooids.
</paragraph>
<caption id="5BAC93CFCC68DE17FFAF208BD238195D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5228855" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5228855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5228855/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="1078" startId="33.[125,185,1243,1262]" targetBox="[125,1174,133,1208]" targetPageId="33">
<paragraph id="0F6CC347CC68DE17FFAF208BD238195D" blockId="33.[125,1174,1243,1369]" pageId="33" pageNumber="1078">
Figure 10.
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC68DE17FF22208BD2B818EA" authority="Dick and Ross, 1988" authorityName="Dick and Ross" authorityYear="1988" box="[240,682,1243,1262]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Cauloramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="33" pageNumber="1078" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="magnus">
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC68DE17FF22208BD1AD18EA" box="[240,447,1243,1262]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1078">Cauloramphus magnus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6B42BEB6CC68DE17FE1F208BD2B818EA" author="Dick MH &amp; Ross JRP" box="[461,682,1243,1262]" pageId="33" pageNumber="1078" refId="ref52032" refString="Dick MH, Ross JRP. 1988. Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of the Kodiak vicinity, Alaska. Bellingham: Western Washington University. 133 p. (Centre for Pacific Northwest Studies occasional paper; 23)." type="book" year="1988">Dick and Ross, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. (A, C, D) NHM 2006.2.27.3334; (B) NHM 2006.2.27.54; (E) NHM 2006.2.27.35; (F) NHM 2006.2.27.32. (A) Colony margin with developing zooids, unbleached; (B) same, bleached; (C) autozooids, unbleached; (D) close up of autozooids showing details of avicularia and spines, unbleached; (E) autozooids, bleached; (F) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids, bleached. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (AC, E, F); 0.4 mm (D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0F6CC347CC6BDE14FF5824D9D0FB1CA5" blockId="34.[138,233,137,161]" box="[138,233,137,161]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1079">
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC6BDE14FF5824D9D0FB1CA5" box="[138,233,137,161]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1079">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0F6CC347CC6BDE14FF5824E9D10D1D56" blockId="34.[138,1185,185,338]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1079">
Specimens from
<collectingRegion id="CD170DA5CC6BDE14FE9E24E9D1AC1CD5" box="[332,446,185,209]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="34" pageNumber="1079">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
agree well with the original description (
<bibRefCitation id="6B42BEB6CC6BDE14FC5C24E9D4681CD5" author="Dick MH &amp; Ross JRP" box="[910,1146,185,209]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1079" refId="ref52032" refString="Dick MH, Ross JRP. 1988. Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of the Kodiak vicinity, Alaska. Bellingham: Western Washington University. 133 p. (Centre for Pacific Northwest Studies occasional paper; 23)." type="book" year="1988">Dick and Ross 1988</bibRefCitation>
) of
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC6BDE14FF58248AD1131CF5" authorityName="Dick and Ross" authorityYear="1988" box="[138,257,218,242]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Cauloramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="1079" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="magnus">
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC6BDE14FF58248AD1131CF5" box="[138,257,218,242]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1079">C. magnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Kodiak Island, Gulf of
<collectingRegion id="CD170DA5CC6BDE14FD8F248AD2BF1CF6" box="[605,685,218,242]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="34" pageNumber="1079">Alaska</collectingRegion>
. Both zooidal and opesial sizes are similar, but the spine number is greater at Akkeshi (1118 compared to 1114); a population from Ketchikan,
<collectingRegion id="CD170DA5CC6BDE14FEC3254AD14F1D36" box="[273,349,282,306]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="34" pageNumber="1079">Alaska</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6B42BEB6CC6BDE14FEBE254AD23E1D36" author="Dick MH &amp; Grischenko AV &amp; Mawatari SF" box="[364,556,282,306]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1079" pagination="3687 - 3784" refId="ref51869" refString="Dick MH, Grischenko AV, Mawatari SF. 2005. Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of Ketchikan, Alaska. Journal of Natural History 39 (43): 3687 - 3784." type="journal article" year="2005">Dick et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
) also had more spines (1218) than material from the
<typeStatus id="D0687DE5CC6BDE14FF58256AD0A91D56" box="[138,187,314,338]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1079">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0F6CC347CC6BDE14FF5825DBD1191DA7" blockId="34.[138,267,395,419]" box="[138,267,395,419]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1079">
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC6BDE14FF5825DBD1191DA7" box="[138,267,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1079">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0F6CC347CC6BDE14FF5825ECD19D1E71" blockId="34.[138,1185,444,629]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1079">
This is a Boreal Pacific species, reported in the eastern Pacific from Kodiak Island in the western Gulf of
<collectingRegion id="CD170DA5CC6BDE14FE94258CD1801DF0" box="[326,402,476,500]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="34" pageNumber="1079">Alaska</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6B42BEB6CC6BDE14FE70258CD2801DF0" author="Dick MH &amp; Ross JRP" box="[418,658,476,500]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1079" refId="ref52032" refString="Dick MH, Ross JRP. 1988. Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of the Kodiak vicinity, Alaska. Bellingham: Western Washington University. 133 p. (Centre for Pacific Northwest Studies occasional paper; 23)." type="book" year="1988">Dick and Ross 1988</bibRefCitation>
) and Ketchikan in southern southeast
<collectingRegion id="CD170DA5CC6BDE14FB87258CD4B31DF0" box="[1109,1185,476,500]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="34" pageNumber="1079">Alaska</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6B42BEB6CC6BDE14FF4025ACD1701E10" author="Dick MH &amp; Grischenko AV &amp; Mawatari SF" box="[146,354,508,532]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1079" pagination="3687 - 3784" refId="ref51869" refString="Dick MH, Grischenko AV, Mawatari SF. 2005. Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of Ketchikan, Alaska. Journal of Natural History 39 (43): 3687 - 3784." type="journal article" year="2005">Dick et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
). In the western Pacific, it has been reported from the Commander Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="6B42BEB6CC6BDE14FF3E264DD1A81E31" author="Grischenko AV" box="[236,442,541,565]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1079" pagination="153 - 192" refId="ref53186" refString="Grischenko AV. 1997. Bryozoans (Ctenostomida, Cheilostomida) of the Commander Islands shelf zone. In: Rzhavsky AV, editor. Benthic flora and fauna of the shelf zone of the Commander Islands. Vladivostok: Dalnauka Press. p 153 - 192. (Rus with Eng summary)." type="book chapter" year="1997">Grischenko 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="6B42BEB6CC6BDE14FE15264DD2151E31" author="Grischenko AV" box="[455,519,541,565]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1079" pagination="38 - 43" refId="ref53303" refString="Grischenko AV. 2004. Intertidal Bryozoa of the Commander Islands. In: Tokranov AM, editor. Conservation of biodiversity of Kamchatka and coastal waters. Materials of 5 th scientific conference. Petropavlovsk- Kamchatsky: KamchatNIRO Press. p 38 - 43. (Rus)." type="book chapter" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
), though this material needs reexamination by SEM. We also collected this species at Oshoro Bay (
<collectingRegion id="CD170DA5CC6BDE14FD52266DD2E81E51" box="[640,762,573,597]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="34" pageNumber="1079">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
), which is the southernmost known locality for
<taxonomicName id="C8D3B8C4CC6BDE14FEC2260DD1951E71" authorityName="Dick and Ross" authorityYear="1988" box="[272,391,605,629]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Cauloramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="1079" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="magnus">
<emphasis id="3DA71F55CC6BDE14FEC2260DD1951E71" box="[272,391,605,629]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1079">C. magnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>