163 lines
22 KiB
XML
163 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="A2292E697CFF61B232B0636E6F79063A" ID-CLB-Dataset="25629" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" ID-GBIF-Dataset="44420001-28a0-4c06-b87e-3a4621d00270" ID-PMC="PMC3118779" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-99-1" ID-PubMed="21738435" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-99-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 99" ModsDocTitle="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region" checkinTime="1451250430027" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Crews, Sarah C. & Harvey, Mark S." docDate="2011" docId="A759F869B9D479B8B33EC47BE0BDEC6E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 99: 1-103" docOrigin="ZooKeys 99" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" docTitle="Anyphops Benoit 1968" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFCF164DFFC1FFB8FFE86B62FFD3934E" masterDocTitle="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1732651085883" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="2B413C6166901AF07645677D86522DF1">The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A219238CB78E0BE5CB61D94927177D38">Crews, Sarah C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="190CC33554CFA0BA7D3D6FD26D164C1E">Harvey, Mark S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7AD1A47C22F9D3A0427B2C5B88B3E28B">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="135EA2D7FE1D4A0E756518FE31093CF0">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="CEA0987DF1A3E2E1BC7AC72FEA7EC0CD" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2D7F874403BA30554F81A9D16DBCBDB1">99</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="F2B9F91EB12549C4782F181AC5A6D6EF">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="0BD6653DB3564CAE1A3B7CE92526741B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C1D70A09F171B1E2CBDA12AF12EFC87E" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7D4AEFDC188E0CD80772077FD7CA4541" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-99-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A759F869B9D479B8B33EC47BE0BDEC6E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159365253" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A759F869B9D479B8B33EC47BE0BDEC6E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A759F869B9D479B8B33EC47BE0BDEC6E" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" scope_class="Arachnida" scope_family="Selenopidae" scope_order="Araneae">
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<subSubSection id="4F31F5FADCA609D9C9B8AAF9FE766D7F" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D5C6EDEEAC95CDC9E2AD149D210BE297" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="05CE804142A6A47C96B8D33ECC81458F" ID-CoL="XXG" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Anyphops" authority="Benoit, 1968" authorityName="Benoit" authorityYear="1968" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Anyphops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anyphops" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anyphops Benoit, 1968</taxonomicName>
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Figs 104-105
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EB37D6387464C12D67B0827C02BAD54F" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="CABA422AB009EF95EE43BB0DF6E8958E" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName id="DBBCDA3F3E53A4CCDEA0BDA70A3DC543" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Anyphops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anyphops" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anyphops</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="ACC0F274CDE623FA502DAF8BA08C52A8" author="Benoit, PLG" journalOrPublisher="Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="113 - 141" title="Les Selenopidae africains au Nord du 17 e parallele Sud et reclassement des especes africaines de la famille (Araneae)." volume="77" year="1968">Benoit 1968</bibRefCitation>
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: 115. Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="51FCD822DC38620FA04320081DB36E36" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Selenops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selenops atomarius" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atomarius">Selenops atomarius</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="CCF8A04733F4DCDD8EA9882C4C7F7FBF" author="Simon, E" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin des Societe Zoologie France" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="466 - 474" title="Especes et genres nouveaux de la famille des Sparassidae." volume="12" year="1887">Simon 1887</bibRefCitation>
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, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DF235BE11198A580AF865F127E3DE565" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="EC5F5F67E3401B2077C10FB7F8069965" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D27A8A47D8AD130168D95D6F82B81BB0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName id="DAA3BB85B8746AEB213103E532AA3C60" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Anyphops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anyphops" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anyphops</taxonomicName>
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can be separated from all other genera by the ventral leg spination of Ti and Mt I and II, coupled with the collection locality. Specimens have either 4, 5, 6 or 7 paired ventral tibial spines and are found in Africa or Madagascar. If the tibial-metatarsal spination is 4-3 the spider is found in Africa and not Madagascar (see below under Remarks). In males, an additional character useful for diagnosis is the large, complex, sclerotized and often twisted MA.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="29CFE068AF6F42E455D29FB6BC0CA3F8" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="550F4A390F595B41FA962C9AE9033682" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FEE1381B319E54061DDBA6270673AE78" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<bibRefCitation id="A271C1F5F367CA9F3C9398205C7F0C86" author="Corronca, JA" journalOrPublisher="Studies of Neotropical Fauna and the Environment" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="124 - 148" title="The South American spiders of the genus Selenops (Araneae, Selenopidae) with a description of three new species." url="doi: 10.1076/snfe.33.2.124.2153" volume="33" year="1998">Corronca (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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described a single species of
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<taxonomicName id="F1CB91717FCC92EB13DBAB6307C1B91E" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Anyphops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anyphops" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anyphops</taxonomicName>
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from Madagascar,
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<taxonomicName id="6C0916095D4C889634FD7C5FC82E74E3" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Anyphops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anyphops benoiti" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benoiti">Anyphops benoiti</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="106C2132F366B5D3E0E348289AB474E4" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Anyphops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anyphops" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anyphops</taxonomicName>
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had previously been known only from Africa while at the time only one genus,
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<taxonomicName id="53701793FD78CC5FF0073D19328B47AE" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Hovops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hovops" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hovops</taxonomicName>
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, had been described from Madagascar. Presumably
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<taxonomicName id="BAD124559FC12DDACBD07C0BA737602F" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Anyphops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anyphops benoiti" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benoiti">Anyphops benoiti</taxonomicName>
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was included in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="C5831B8213A5007BBE681723EC466371" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Anyphops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anyphops" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anyphops</taxonomicName>
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due to the leg spination on the metatarsi and tarsi of legs I and II (5-3). In 2003, Corronca described a new genus,
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<taxonomicName id="04A0F87C201F0D0E1DFF9B31E7B39623" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Garcorops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Garcorops" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Garcorops</taxonomicName>
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, endemic to Madagascar. He mentioned differences between
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<taxonomicName id="8A4C2589D363634D188AF0A13C100701" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Anyphops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anyphops" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anyphops</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="1384F96C32BF018A24F0A1091B535301" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Garcorops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Garcorops" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Garcorops</taxonomicName>
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, and that
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<taxonomicName id="91ED181DD5A1FCAE5EAFCE3DB762205F" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Garcorops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Garcorops" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Garcorops</taxonomicName>
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seemed to be morphologically closest to the B1 group of
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<taxonomicName id="FA91A388A0E1E58E50F268062550AD7D" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Anyphops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anyphops" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anyphops</taxonomicName>
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, as defined by
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<bibRefCitation id="7E8B696E1734688FF61E6D61C84B108E" author="Lawrence, RF" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="555 - 608" title="The genus Selenops (Araneae) in South Africa." volume="32" year="1940">Lawrence (1940)</bibRefCitation>
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from Kenya and South Africa.
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<taxonomicName id="92B47B4BF3D664A0F0CE465A993E051E" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Anyphops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anyphops benoiti" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benoiti">Anyphops benoiti</taxonomicName>
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was not specifically mentioned in this paper. Although we have not examined specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="6B35DD5F0468F68D434B8375E033646B" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Anyphops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anyphops benoiti" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benoiti">Anyphops benoiti</taxonomicName>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="35CAAB29068D2B254D823A40E987FA68" originalValue="Corronca’s">Corronca's</normalizedToken>
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illustration of the male palpus does not show the large, twisted
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<pageBreakToken id="D01A39C17704359D0A708FB03452A592" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" start="start">median</pageBreakToken>
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apophysis found in the majority of
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<taxonomicName id="6FCFC48511839E8C01052215D7AD028E" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Anyphops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anyphops" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anyphops</taxonomicName>
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species, but has a somewhat T-shaped conductor similar to that found in
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<taxonomicName id="149ABE0206F669D7D0907BE4C3AC1F0D" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Garcorops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Garcorops" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Garcorops</taxonomicName>
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, though
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<taxonomicName id="6200401C60544A56749AC04CFB3C4E1B" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Anyphops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anyphops benoiti" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benoiti">Anyphops benoiti</taxonomicName>
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does not have the projection on the conductor that Garcorops has. The illustrations of the female copulatory organs are similar to both
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<taxonomicName id="FF2343AE2D6051323560F2BEF7A5D39D" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Anyphops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anyphops" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anyphops</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="53150B02F2BAF42DFF0668CF4520BEA4" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Garcorops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Garcorops" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Garcorops</taxonomicName>
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. While it may seem that leg spination may not be a very strong character by which to separate genera, we would like to point out that in the molecular study of
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<bibRefCitation id="381E5E610A2E73391A30BCAEA416398C" author="Crews, SC" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="288 - 322" title="Molecular systematic of Selenops spiders (Araneae: Selenopidae) from North and Central America: implications for Caribbean biogeography." url="doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01494.x" volume="101" year="2010">Crews and Gillespie (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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, while not having all genera discussed in the current paper available for genetic study, the genera
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<taxonomicName id="4AF147B3EA2F1A6B8B1B8D35441C6CFD" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Karaops</taxonomicName>
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gen. n.,
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<taxonomicName id="BAE03A35898B1D3A9C1E9884EDA052B2" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Garcorops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Garcorops" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Garcorops</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="BFF5D3425452081A58ABFE352F45151C" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Hovops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hovops" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hovops</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="1C0FA13466ED0561FDBBB628E3FBD8D5" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Anyphops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anyphops" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anyphops</taxonomicName>
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were distinct in all analyses. After examining many other morphological characters in detail, the leg spination, coupled with biogeographical data and genetic data, appears to be the best way to distinguish genera at the present time given the specimens that are available.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4BE79D520470728DA4B288DAA6C70CEC" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4D0F45D97D1B82D1ADB81659093E9EFE" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1DE28512FA11EBFDAE81B8C4A1B4B02B" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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Total length 4.00-17.40. Cephalothorax: Carapace with dark bands or spots laterally, wider than long or equally as long as wide, with cephalic portion more noticeable than in
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<taxonomicName id="5C6AD284E33FDABDEA904F644625A7D8" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Selenops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selenops" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Selenops</taxonomicName>
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. Narrow fovea with six radiating lines. Setae are simple and sometimes spiniform. Median eyes strongly recurved, PME>AME. Chelicerae slightly geniculate, robust, with 3 prolateral and 2 retrolateral teeth. Legs: Leg IV longer than leg II, and leg lengths are typically 4321. Tibiae I and II with pairs of 7, 6, 5 or 4 spines. Tarsal, and in some species, metatarsal scopulae present. Female copulatory organs: Epigynum with or without lateral lobes, with well defined median field, depression or septum. Epigynal pockets sometimes present. Spermathecae simple or complex. Male copulatory organs: Palpal cymbium with dense terminal scopulae. Palpal tibia with 2 tibial apophyses, dorsal larger than ventral. Dorsal apophysis twisted in some species, and in some species both branches bifurcated. MA complex, strongly sclerotized, angular, and twisted in some species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A93A3B34D47FAB2099E73F5B08C9C147" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="B33A3DFA56E62284833136DECB627107" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="116AA8EBD34F27C4AE5A800E7E3C3F31" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="4F95E4D9731236CA34A4F05C5FE2F381" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Anyphops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anyphops" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anyphops</taxonomicName>
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occurs throughout Africa, as well as on the islands of St. Helena and Madagascar.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D2FD5BE1E3F10C697323C18AD285303B" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="composition">
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<paragraph id="7BF6E816343F479224BCE1349C18D8EB" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Composition.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="297877343C33FCDB288883F8A625E1F4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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Currently there are 64 species of
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<taxonomicName id="83A5507549727958F9BC092E924965F3" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Anyphops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anyphops" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anyphops</taxonomicName>
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described. Most species were first described as members of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B242A96E01CEB1CC1DF47C32B8741DFC" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Selenops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selenops" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Selenops</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E4247706B23B1B2B0F02404563D299A5" author="Lawrence, RF" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="555 - 608" title="The genus Selenops (Araneae) in South Africa." volume="32" year="1940">Lawrence (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC91A7807EF1E96F6523B400636BD3E5" author="Benoit, PLG" journalOrPublisher="Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="113 - 141" title="Les Selenopidae africains au Nord du 17 e parallele Sud et reclassement des especes africaines de la famille (Araneae)." volume="77" year="1968">Benoit (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
transferred these into the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7B97329B29C9F1C746B2D95D437701CC" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Anyphops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anyphops" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anyphops</taxonomicName>
|
||
and described additional species. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3652ACBD63CAAD11624B4F51C469B808" author="Corronca, JA" journalOrPublisher="Studies of Neotropical Fauna and the Environment" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="124 - 148" title="The South American spiders of the genus Selenops (Araneae, Selenopidae) with a description of three new species." url="doi: 10.1076/snfe.33.2.124.2153" volume="33" year="1998">Corronca (1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="342E4A43DEEC17B0F85F29FF64A9C446" author="Corronca, JA" journalOrPublisher="Arthropoda Selecta" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="51 - 54" title="Two new species of Anyphops Benoit, 1968 and description of the male of A. amatolae (Lawrence, 1940) (Aranei: Selenopidae)." volume="9" year="2000">2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="66157FD2950E6BB2B94576761204575F" author="Corronca, JA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="1381 - 1393" title="Re-description of the lycosiformis species group of Anyphops Benoit and description of two new species (Araneae, Selenopidae)." url="doi: 10.1080/00222930400008868" volume="39" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) described five more species, and re-described the lycosiformis group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |