280 lines
20 KiB
XML
280 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.167.1833" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ff2e62f9-b478-406a-9812-d87c5b0f1275" ID-PMC="PMC3272638" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-167-1" ID-PubMed="22363201" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-167-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 167" ModsDocTitle="Systematics, conservation and morphology of the spider genus Tayshaneta (Araneae, Leptonetidae) in Central Texas Caves" checkinTime="1451249361926" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ledford, Joel, Paquin, Pierre, Cokendolpher, James, Campbell, Josh & Griswold, Charles" docDate="2012" docId="683D05E88AEE6A661FF0EFC1F063A874" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 167: 1-102" docOrigin="ZooKeys 167" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.167.1833" docTitle="Tayshaneta anopica Gertsch 1974" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FFABFF9EDA67666EBE2E632CFFF08176" masterDocTitle="Systematics, conservation and morphology of the spider genus Tayshaneta (Araneae, Leptonetidae) in Central Texas Caves" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1668153202787" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Systematics, conservation and morphology of the spider genus Tayshaneta (Araneae, Leptonetidae) in Central Texas Caves</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ledford, Joel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Paquin, Pierre</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cokendolpher, James</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Campbell, Josh</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Griswold, Charles</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>167</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>102</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.167.1833</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.167.1833</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-167-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152033168" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:683D05E88AEE6A661FF0EFC1F063A874" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/683D05E88AEE6A661FF0EFC1F063A874" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Tayshaneta_anopica" authority="Gertsch, 1974" authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1974" class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta anopica" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anopica">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">Tayshaneta</pageBreakToken>
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anopica (Gertsch, 1974)
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</taxonomicName>
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Figs 1A2D12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F33A–F52A–B">A-F33A-F52A-B</normalizedToken>
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56
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Leptoneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptoneta anopica" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anopica">Leptoneta anopica</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Gertsch, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Arachnology" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="145 - 203" title="The spider family Leptonetidae in North America." volume="1" year="1974">Gertsch 1974</bibRefCitation>
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: 172.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Neoleptoneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoleptoneta anopica" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anopica">Neoleptoneta anopica</taxonomicName>
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(Gertsch, 1974):
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<bibRefCitation author="Brignoli, PM" journalOrPublisher="Quaderna Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="213 - 218" title="Spiders of Mexico, III. A new leptonetid from Oaxaca (Araneae, Leptonetidae)." volume="171" year="1977">Brignoli 1977</bibRefCitation>
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: 216;
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<bibRefCitation author="Platnick, NI" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 16" title="On the tibial and patellar glands, relationships and American genera of the spider family Leptonetidae (Arachnida, Araneae)." volume="2855" year="1986">Platnick 1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 6;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Platnick 2010</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta anopica" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anopica">Tayshaneta anopica</taxonomicName>
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(Gertsch, 1974):
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<bibRefCitation author="Ledford, JM" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="334 - 388" title="Systematics and evolution of the spider genus Neoleptoneta (Araneae: Leptonetidae) with a discussion of the morphology and relationships for the North American Leptonetidae." url="doi: 10.1071/IS11014" volume="25" year="2011">Ledford et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="type data">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Type data.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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Female holotype from Cobb Cave (=
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cobb’s">Cobb's</normalizedToken>
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Caverns), 15 miles north of Georgetown, Williamson County, Texas, 31-March-1963, J. Reddell, D. McKenzie,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="30.78">30.78N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-97.73">97.73W</geoCoordinate>
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, (AMNH, examined).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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Cobb Cave is also known as
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cobb’s">Cobb's</normalizedToken>
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Caverns and is located on the Cobb Ranch in Northern Williamson County (Figs 1A, 55). The general area of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cobb’s">Cobb's</normalizedToken>
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Spring has a long history of occupation by Indians who likely discovered the cave thousands of years ago (K. White, pers. comm.). The cave was first reported by the National Speleological Society in 1948 (K. White, pers. comm.) and briefly operated as a commercial cave from 1962 to 1969.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="other material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Other material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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USA: Texas: Williamson County:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cobb’s">Cobb's</normalizedToken>
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Caverns, 15mi. N. of Georgetown, 30-March-2004, M. Warton,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="30.78">30.78N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-97.73">97.73W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1♂, (TTU);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cobb’s">Cobb's</normalizedToken>
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Caverns, 15mi. N. of Georgetown, 12-October-2004, K. White,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="30.78">30.78N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-97.73">97.73W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1 ♀, (TMM);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cobb’s">Cobb's</normalizedToken>
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Caverns, 15mi. N. of Georgetown, 24-November-2004, P. Paquin,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="30.78">30.78N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-97.73">97.73W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1 ♀, (TMM);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cobb’s">Cobb's</normalizedToken>
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Caverns, 15mi. N. of Georgetown, 7-September-2007, P. Paquin,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="30.78">30.78N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-97.73">97.73W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1♂, (TMM);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cobb’s">Cobb's</normalizedToken>
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Caverns, 15mi. N. of Georgetown, 10-December-2009, P. Paquin, C. Crawford,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="30.78">30.78N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-97.73">97.73W</geoCoordinate>
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, 3 juvs, (TMM); Corn
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cobb’s">Cobb's</normalizedToken>
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Cave, 17-July-2008, M. Archambault, J. Ledford, P. Paquin,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="30.75">30.75N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-97.73">97.73W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1 ♀, (TMM); Corn
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cobb’s">Cobb's</normalizedToken>
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Cave, 15-October-2008, P. Paquin, Parker, Baird,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="30.75">30.75N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-97.73">97.73W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1 ♀, (TMM); Corn
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cobb’s">Cobb's</normalizedToken>
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Cave, 31-October-2008, P. Paquin, Crawford, Parker,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="30.75">30.75N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-97.73">97.73W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1 ♀, (TMM).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta anopica" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anopica">Tayshaneta anopica</taxonomicName>
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may be separated from all
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tayshaneta</taxonomicName>
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species that have a ventral sclerite and an undivided male palpal tarsus, except
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta concinna" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinna">Tayshaneta concinna</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta oconnorae" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oconnorae">Tayshaneta oconnorae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta sandersi" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandersi">Tayshaneta sandersi</taxonomicName>
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, by the following combination of characters: pigmentation and eyes entirely absent (Figs 12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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); femur I elongate, 1.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2.3×">-2.3x</normalizedToken>
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carapace length; male retrolateral tibial spine thin, sculptured throughout, length 0.50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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tarsus length (Fig. 33A); embolus curved distally and with prominent basal tooth (E, Fig. 33D). Separated from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta concinna" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinna">Tayshaneta concinna</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta oconnorae" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oconnorae">Tayshaneta oconnorae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta sandersi" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandersi">Tayshaneta sandersi</taxonomicName>
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by having a straight ventral sclerite (VS, Figs 33B, E) and by the unique shape of the embolus (E, Fig. 33D).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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Complete description of female in
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<bibRefCitation author="Gertsch, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Arachnology" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="145 - 203" title="The spider family Leptonetidae in North America." volume="1" year="1974">Gertsch (1974</bibRefCitation>
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: 172). Habitus of female in Figs 12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
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, genitalia as in Fig. 52A and images of egg-sac in Figs 2D, 52B.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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Male (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cobb’s">Cobb's</normalizedToken>
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Caverns). Body length 1.38, carapace 0.62 long, 0.45 wide, length 1.36
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width. Carapace depigmented to light brown, eyes absent, sparsely setose (Figs 12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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). Legs elongate and thin, femur I 2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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carapace length, covered in fine setae.Palpal tarsus entire, tapering apically; retrolateral tibial spine straight, on shallow
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<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="18" start="start">base</pageBreakToken>
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, sculptured throughout, length 0.50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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tarsus length (RTS, Fig. 33A). Bulb suboval, length 1.84
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width; embolus circular, with prominent basal tooth (E, Fig. 33D), length 1.17
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width. Abdomen pale to yellow-brown, without pattern, 0.76 long, 0.54 wide, covered in fine setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="19" start="start">Variation</pageBreakToken>
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(n = 2). Total length 1.25-1.38; carapace length 1.19-1.36
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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carapace width; femur I length 2.0-2.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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carapace width.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Figure 12.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta anopica" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anopica">Tayshaneta anopica</taxonomicName>
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(Gertsch, 1974),
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cobb’s">Cobb's</normalizedToken>
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Cave, Williamson County, Texas (CASC), habitus. A
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta anopica" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anopica">Tayshaneta anopica</taxonomicName>
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male, dorsal B
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta anopica" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anopica">Tayshaneta anopica</taxonomicName>
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male, ventral C
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta anopica" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anopica">Tayshaneta anopica</taxonomicName>
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male, lateral D
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta anopica" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anopica">Tayshaneta anopica</taxonomicName>
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female, dorsal E
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta anopica" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anopica">Tayshaneta anopica</taxonomicName>
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female, ventral F
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta anopica" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anopica">Tayshaneta anopica</taxonomicName>
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female, lateral.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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||
Known only from two caves in Williamson County, Texas (Figs 1A, 56).
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cobb’s">Cobb's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Caverns is the largest known cave in the area, however, several smaller karst features occur on the property including Corn
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cobb’s">Cobb's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Cave (K. White, pers. comm.). The records of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta anopica" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anopica">Tayshaneta anopica</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Corn
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cobb’s">Cobb's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Cave suggest that it may be more broadly distributed in the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cobb’s">Cobb's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Spring region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Natural History.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
An egg-sac for this species was found with a female specimen from Corn
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cobb’s">Cobb's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Cave (Figs 2D, 52B). The egg-sac was found hanging by a single thread covered with small pebbles and contained two eggs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |