193 lines
22 KiB
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193 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.148.1278" ID-GBIF-Dataset="343e60e1-7a94-4e5c-b650-45eb881c7814" ID-PMC="PMC3264409" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-148-125" ID-PubMed="22287893" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-148-125" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 148" ModsDocTitle="A new genus and species of mandibulate nasute termite (Isoptera, Termitidae, Syntermitinae) from Brazil" checkinTime="1451249615870" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rocha, Mauricio M., Cancello, Eliana M. & Cuezzo, Carolina" docDate="2011" docId="0536BA0C11FAE1397CD181ECF6353780" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 148: 125-134" docOrigin="ZooKeys 148" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.148.1278" docTitle="Acangaobitermes Rocha, Cancello & Cuezzo, 2011, gen. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="128" masterDocId="321D474B17398556C06B1627B252FF9B" masterDocTitle="A new genus and species of mandibulate nasute termite (Isoptera, Termitidae, Syntermitinae) from Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="134" masterPageNumber="125" pageNumber="126" updateTime="1668152709171" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new genus and species of mandibulate nasute termite (Isoptera, Termitidae, Syntermitinae) from Brazil</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rocha, Mauricio M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cancello, Eliana M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cuezzo, Carolina</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>148</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>125</mods:start>
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<mods:end>134</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.148.1278</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.148.1278</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-148-125</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032129" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0536BA0C11FAE1397CD181ECF6353780" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0536BA0C11FAE1397CD181ECF6353780" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="1" pageNumber="126">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="126" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="126">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B72916A1-CF82-4685-BA8C-F48677C2A9B2" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Acangaobitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acangaobitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acangaobitermes</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="126">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="126" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="126">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="126">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Acangaobitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acangaobitermes krishnai" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krishnai">Acangaobitermes krishnai</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="126" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="126">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="126">From Tupi, indigenous South American language, acangaobi meaning funneled head and the Latin termes meaning termite, in reference to soldier head capsule shape in profile. The name is masculine.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="1" pageNumber="126" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="126">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="126">Imago. Unknown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="126">Soldier. Monomorphic. Head capsule sub-quadrangular with almost parallel lateral margins and two very discrete saliencies on the latero-posterior corners (Fig. 7, arrows). Surface of head capsule covered with numerous minute and closely set points of about equal diameter, forming a conspicuous and characteristic microsculpture (Figs 7-8). Frontal tube conical and upturned, in profile, apex with a relatively wide aperture surrounded by a white membrane. Antennae with 14 articles. Piercing slender mandibles; blade strongly curved inwards and upturned; a very small tooth at the base of the blade and a molar plate/prominence fully developed with no ridges. Clypeus very reduced. Labrum with a rounded and flat hyaline tip. Posmentum sub-rectangular with antero-lateral margins slightly concave. Coxae with a keel shape projection, pointing outwards and situated at distal antero-lateral margins (Fig. 2, arrow). Tibial spurs 2:2:2.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="126">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="126">
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Figures 1-4.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Acangaobitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acangaobitermes krishnai" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krishnai">Acangaobitermes krishnai</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp. n. 1 soldier head and pronotum in dorsal and profile view 2 soldier coxa in frontal view (arrow: keel shape projection) 3 worker mandibles 4 worker digestive tube in situ, a: dorsal view, b: right view, c: ventral view, d: left view and e: paunch in left view. MT= Mesenteric tongue; P1= first proctodeal segment (ileum); P3a and b = third proctodeal segment (paunch); P4a= first part of fourth proctodeal segment (colon).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="126">Worker. Monomorphic. Head capsule rounded. Postclypeusinflated. Antennae with 14 articles. Left mandible (Fig. 3): apical tooth larger than M1+2, margin between M1+2 and M3 sinuate, M3 distinct and smaller than M1+2, molar tooth conspicuous, partially hidden by molar prominence; molar prominence concave without ridges. Right mandible (Figs 3, 5): apical tooth larger than marginal teeth, M1 and M2 clearly distinct, molar plate concave without ridges (Fig. 5). Coxae smooth without projections. Body slender and elongated, digestive tube visible through abdominal sclerites. Tibial spurs 2:2:2.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="126">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="126">
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Figures 5-6.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Acangaobitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acangaobitermes krishnai" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krishnai">Acangaobitermes krishnai</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp. n. 5 worker molar plate 6 enteric valve armature.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="1" pageNumber="126">
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Worker digestive tube. Crop asymmetrical, without any constriction separating it from gizzard. Cuticular armature of gizzard with 24 visible folds, six of first order, six of second and 12 of third; ratio between columnar and pulvillar belt approximately equal to one; pulvilli without armature or ornamentation. Mesenteron tubular. Short mixed seg
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="127" start="start">ment</pageBreakToken>
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present. Mesenteric tongue on the external side of the mesenteric arch, slightly strangled proximally. Two pairs of Malpighian tubules attached at the mesenteron-proctodeum junction, one internal side to the mesenteric arch and the other external. First proctodeal segment (P1), diagonal to body axis, more enlarged than mesenteron with about same size of proximal portion of paunch (P3a); distal end of P1 narrowed, forming a short neck prior to the attachment to P3. Enteric valve (P2) at the left side of the body. P3 slightly constricted between P3a and P3b. Dorsal torsion well-developed. P3 joined to colon (P4) on left side, isthmus short and parallel to body length. P4a dilated, U-Turn and P4b tubular.
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</paragraph>
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<subSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" type="comparisons with other genera of syntermitinae">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="127">
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Comparisons with other genera of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Syntermitinae">Syntermitinae</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="127">
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Soldiers of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Syntermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Syntermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Syntermes</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cornitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cornitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cornitermes</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Labiotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Labiotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Labiotermes</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Procornitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procornitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Procornitermes</taxonomicName>
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have a short frontal tube, not exceeding the labrum; a well-developed hyaline tip to the labrum; straighter cutting mandibles, with well-developed marginal teeth; and a larger body size. Soldiers of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cahuallitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cahuallitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cahuallitermes</taxonomicName>
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have straighter cutting mandibles, with well-developed marginal teeth; a well-developed hyaline tip to the labrum; and a larger body size. Soldiers of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Embiratermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Embiratermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Embiratermes</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Ibitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ibitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ibitermes</taxonomicName>
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have a larger body size, straighter and large mandibles, with well-developed marginal teeth in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Embiratermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Embiratermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Embiratermes</taxonomicName>
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or totally absent in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Ibitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ibitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ibitermes</taxonomicName>
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. Soldiers of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cyrilliotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyrilliotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyrilliotermes</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Curvitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Curvitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Curvitermes</taxonomicName>
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have aberrant mandibles, with a molar plate, molar prominence and marginal teeth very similar to their corresponding worker mandibles; apical tooth fish-hooked in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Curvitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Curvitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Curvitermes</taxonomicName>
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, reduced in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cyrilliotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyrilliotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyrilliotermes</taxonomicName>
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; and the frontal tube cylindrical and elongate in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cyrilliotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyrilliotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyrilliotermes</taxonomicName>
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(see more details of these two genera, including the dissected soldier mandibles, in
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<bibRefCitation author="Mathews, AGA" journalOrPublisher="Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="8" pageNumber="133" title="Studies on termites from Mato Grosso State, Brazil." year="1977">Mathews 1997</bibRefCitation>
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, page 226).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Paracurvitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paracurvitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paracurvitermes</taxonomicName>
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has a broader head capsule with well developed conical and shorter frontal tube than
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<taxonomicName genus="Acangaobiermes" lsidName="Acangaobiermes" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" rank="genus">Acangaobiermes</taxonomicName>
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; the mandibles are much longer, less curved with triangular teeth, very different from the new genus. The soldiers of
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<taxonomicName genus="Rynchotermes" lsidName="Rynchotermes" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" rank="genus">Rynchotermes</taxonomicName>
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have strongly curved mandibles; a very long frontal tube; procoxae with a spine-like lateral projection; and a much larger body size. Soldiers of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Armitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Armitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Armitermes</taxonomicName>
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have the pronotum, mesonotum, and metanotum with serrate lateral margins; mandibles with well-developed marginal teeth; and a larger body size (see Rocha, 2011, for a redescription and new illustrations of the genus). Lastly, the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Macuxitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macuxitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Macuxitermes</taxonomicName>
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has dimorphic soldiers, with an aberrant head shape; pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum with serrate lateral margins; and mandibles with well-developed marginal teeth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="127">
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Despite differences in the shape of the soldier head,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Acangaobitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acangaobitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acangaobitermes</taxonomicName>
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shares many exclusive traits with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Noirotitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noirotitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Noirotitermes</taxonomicName>
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. The worker of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Acangaobitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acangaobitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acangaobitermes</taxonomicName>
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is very similar to that of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Noirotitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noirotitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Noirotitermes</taxonomicName>
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, with same mandibular pattern, body size and shape (elongate), labrum and digestive tract, including the enteric valve armature. The worker differences between both genera are: the inner margin of apical teeth in left and right mandibles are much more concave in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Noirotitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noirotitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Noirotitermes</taxonomicName>
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than in the new genus; the M3 in left mandibleand M2 in right mandible both are larger in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Acangaobitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acangaobitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acangaobitermes</taxonomicName>
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than in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Noirotitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noirotitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Noirotitermes</taxonomicName>
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; and the insertion of the enteric valve is in the body axis, while in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Noirotitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noirotitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Noirotitermes</taxonomicName>
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it is perpendicular to the body axis.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="128">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="128" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
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soldiers of both species have the same microsculpturing on the head capsule surface and the internal granulations (Fig. 8), that are otherwise absent in all other species of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Syntermitinae">Syntermitinae</taxonomicName>
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. The piercing, upturned mandibles, with a single marginal tooth reduced are nearly identical in both genera, while in all other
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Syntermitinae">Syntermitinae</taxonomicName>
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the marginal teeth are well-developed (or completely absent in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Ibitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ibitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ibitermes</taxonomicName>
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). The two occipital saliencies are present in both genera and in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Macuxitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macuxitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Macuxitermes</taxonomicName>
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, but are much more discrete in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Acangaobitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acangaobitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acangaobitermes</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 7, arrows).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="128">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="128">
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Figure 7.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Acangaobitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acangaobitermes krishnai" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krishnai">Acangaobitermes krishnai</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp. n. Soldier head in dorsal view (Arrows: saliencies on latero-posterior margins).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="128">
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The most conspicuous differences between the new genus and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Noirotitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noirotitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Noirotitermes</taxonomicName>
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are the shapes of the soldier head and pronotum. The pronotum is aberrant in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Noirotitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noirotitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Noirotitermes</taxonomicName>
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and saddle-shaped in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Acangaobitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acangaobitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acangaobitermes</taxonomicName>
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, as is usual for otherSyntermitinae. The shape of the soldier head in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Noirotitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noirotitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Noirotitermes</taxonomicName>
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is unusual, with a very broad frontal tube and two protuberances like sharp corners at the rear, while in the new genus the frontal tube is elongate and conical, similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Armitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Armitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Armitermes</taxonomicName>
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, and the posterior rear part of the head is devoid of conspicuous projections.
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</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |