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<document id="A7DE324E8F1B257CEA0B0A37656E8318" ID-CLB-Dataset="32317" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4311.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b3e435ef-67d4-40dc-a7f8-cfd8c520f28f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="847808" ID-ZooBank="F1404B14-628E-4Eb4-9501-Ed6A0910C9Cb" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1503550349708" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Klautau, Michelle" docDate="2017" docId="03C887A7A829FFEDFF7E6566FA8CE035" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4311.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4311 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ernstia solaris Klautau 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="333" masterDocId="FFF1FFDFA837FFCDFFE96304FFF0E33E" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and phylogeny of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea: Calcinea) from Brazilian mid-shelf and oceanic islands" masterLastPageNumber="344" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="331" updateTime="1698467134164" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A65591566230BBC0DEAF4E1867D29A50">Taxonomy and phylogeny of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea: Calcinea) from Brazilian mid-shelf and oceanic islands</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="17C39954DDBE7814C267DA8D109E30A8">Klautau, Michelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1B1B0419464BDD3B3BE921A302AD93CC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B991307156BE8B18C121DCE693888061">
<mods:date id="5D0CB6344E8098901E2AFFD12EBAE178">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="07837A74CDC602F619C9C00F73A0FBDA">2017-08-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7A76653A4C9FB125CAE8FA6D0FFAD9E2">4311</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="9C752618113E62DB54730F695FF34160" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4311.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C887A7A829FFEDFF7E6566FA8CE035" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6010605" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132923395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6010605" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887A7A829FFEDFF7E6566FA8CE035" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887A7A829FFEDFF7E6566FA8CE035" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="333" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">
<subSubSection id="C37B653AA829FFD3FF7E6566FE50E5A0" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A829FFD3FF7E6566FE5DE543" blockId="30.[151,429,1634,1694]" box="[151,429,1634,1661]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">
<heading id="D09681DDA829FFD3FF7E6566FE5DE543" bold="true" box="[151,429,1634,1661]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A829FFD3FF7E6566FE5DE543" bold="true" box="[151,429,1634,1661]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A829FFD3FF7E6566FEB8E542" ID-CoL="8J48F" authority="Klautau, 2017" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,328,1634,1660]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="solaris" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A829FFD3FF7E6566FEB8E542" bold="true" box="[151,328,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Ernstia solaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657D8A829FFD3FEA66567FE5DE543" box="[335,429,1635,1661]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A829FFD3FF7E6581FE50E5A0" blockId="30.[151,429,1634,1694]" box="[151,416,1669,1694]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">
(
<figureCitation id="135A2A34A829FFD3FF766581FF02E5A0" box="[159,242,1669,1694]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1265,1287]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1243]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1243]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 14. Ernstia solaris sp. nov. A—Specimen after fixation. B—Section. C—Triactine. D—Tetractine. E—Tetractine (ap: apical actine)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847836/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Figs 14</figureCitation>
A–E;
<tableCitation id="C6E3030AA829FFD3FEDC6581FE66E5A0" box="[309,406,1669,1694]" captionStart="TABLE 15" captionStartId="32.[151,239,293,316]" captionText="TABLE 15. Spicule measurements of Ernstia solaris sp. nov. (H = holotype; P = paratype)." pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Table 15</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B653AA829FFD3FF7E65C9FDCEE410" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A829FFD3FF7E65C9FDCEE410" blockId="30.[151,1437,1741,2018]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A829FFD3FF7E65C9FEE1E5D8" bold="true" box="[151,273,1741,1766]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A829FFD3FEF165CAFE9BE5DB" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[280,363,1742,1765]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A829FFD3FEF165CAFE9BE5DB" box="[280,363,1742,1765]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Ernstia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with yellow to lemon-green cormus formed by irregular and tigthly anastomosed tubes. watercollecting tubes are present. Skeleton composed of one category of triactine and one of tetractine. Actines are cylindrical with rounded to blunt tips.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B653AA829FFD3FF2E643DFDF3E4DC" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A829FFD3FF2E643DFDF3E4DC" blockId="30.[151,1437,1741,2018]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">
<materialsCitation id="3B093CECA829FFD3FF2E643DFC03E448" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586985565" collectingDate="2003-08-19" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="Parcel das Tartarugas Tide Pool &amp; F. Moraes" elevation="1" location="Trindade Island" municipality="Espirito Santo State" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" specimenCode="MNRJ 7374" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A829FFD3FF2E643DFE5CE46C" bold="true" box="[199,428,1849,1874]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Material examined</emphasis>
(Three specimens).
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A829FFD3FD73643DFCE0E46C" bold="true" box="[666,784,1849,1874]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">
<typeStatus id="54DA8813A829FFD3FD73643DFCFBE46C" box="[666,779,1849,1874]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DBC79ECAA829FFD3FCF3643EFC5AE46C" box="[794,938,1850,1874]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">MNRJ 7374</specimenCode>
,
<collectorName id="26945367A829FFD3FC51643DFADAE46C" box="[952,1322,1849,1874]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Parcel das Tartarugas Tide Pool</collectorName>
,
<location id="8EBE606AA829FFD3FAD1643DFF2EE448" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887A7A829FFEDFF7E6566FA8CE035:8EBE606AA829FFD3FAD1643DFF2EE448" municipality="Espirito Santo State" name="Trindade Island" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Trindade Island</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBAACCBA829FFD3FF056459FE21E448" box="[236,465,1885,1910]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Espírito Santo State</collectingMunicipality>
,
<elevation id="004CD182A829FFD3FE36645AFDD2E44B" box="[479,546,1886,1910]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" unit="m" value="0.1">
<quantity id="4C999B54A829FFD3FE36645AFDD2E44B" box="[479,546,1886,1910]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" unit="m" value="0.1">0.1 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth, coll.
<collectorName id="26945367A829FFD3FD5C645AFCDAE44B" box="[693,810,1886,1909]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">F. Moraes</collectorName>
,
<collectingDate id="EF9BE999A829FFD3FCDE645AFC03E448" box="[823,1011,1886,1910]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" value="2003-08-19">
<date id="FFDF1071A829FFD3FCDE645AFC03E448" box="[823,1011,1886,1910]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" value="2003-08-19">19 August 2003</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B093CECA829FFD3FBE96459FA69E4A4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586985572" collectingDate="2003-08-20" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="Parcel das Tartarugas Tide Pool &amp; G. Muricy" elevation="3" location="Trindade Island" municipality="Espirito Santo State" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" specimenCode="MNRJ 7370" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A829FFD3FBE96459FB71E448" bold="true" box="[1024,1153,1885,1910]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">
<typeStatus id="54DA8813A829FFD3FBE96459FB8CE448" box="[1024,1148,1885,1910]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DBC79ECAA829FFD3FB63645AFAE9E448" box="[1162,1305,1886,1910]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">MNRJ 7370</specimenCode>
,
<collectorName id="26945367A829FFD3FACE6459FE7FE4A4" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Parcel das Tartarugas Tide Pool</collectorName>
,
<location id="8EBE606AA829FFD3FE486485FDA9E4A4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887A7A829FFEDFF7E6566FA8CE035:8EBE606AA829FFD3FE486485FDA9E4A4" box="[417,601,1921,1946]" municipality="Espirito Santo State" name="Trindade Island" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Trindade Island</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBAACCBA829FFD3FD836485FCA7E4A4" box="[618,855,1921,1946]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Espírito Santo State</collectingMunicipality>
,
<elevation id="004CD182A829FFD3FC806486FC5FE4A7" box="[873,943,1922,1946]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" unit="m" value="0.3">
<quantity id="4C999B54A829FFD3FC806486FC5FE4A7" box="[873,943,1922,1946]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" unit="m" value="0.3">0.3 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth, coll.
<collectorName id="26945367A829FFD3FBA56486FB35E4A4" box="[1100,1221,1921,1946]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">G. Muricy</collectorName>
,
<collectingDate id="EF9BE999A829FFD3FB3F6486FA69E4A4" box="[1238,1433,1922,1946]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" value="2003-08-20">
<date id="FFDF1071A829FFD3FB3F6486FA69E4A4" box="[1238,1433,1922,1946]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" value="2003-08-20">20 August 2003</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B093CECA829FFD3FF7E64A2FE0FE4DC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586985567" collectingDate="2011-06-26" collectorName="F. Azevedo &amp; Rodriguez" county="Pernambuco State" elevation="15" location="Ressurreta" municipality="Fernando de Noronha Archipelago" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
UFRJPOR 6538,
<location id="8EBE606AA829FFD3FEB464A2FE26E483" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887A7A829FFEDFF7E6566FA8CE035:8EBE606AA829FFD3FEB464A2FE26E483" box="[349,470,1958,1981]" county="Pernambuco State" municipality="Fernando de Noronha Archipelago" name="Ressurreta" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Ressurreta</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBAACCBA829FFD3FE0A64A1FC9EE480" box="[483,878,1957,1982]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Fernando de Noronha Archipelago</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="62BF4E3DA829FFD3FC9364A1FBB9E480" box="[890,1097,1957,1982]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Pernambuco State</collectingCounty>
,
<elevation id="004CD182A829FFD3FBBD64A1FB7EE483" box="[1108,1166,1957,1982]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" unit="m" value="15.0">
<quantity id="4C999B54A829FFD3FBBD64A1FB7EE483" box="[1108,1166,1957,1982]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth, coll.
<collectorName id="26945367A829FFD3FAF564A2FA6DE480" box="[1308,1437,1957,1982]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">F. Azevedo</collectorName>
and G.
<collectorName id="26945367A829FFD3FF0C64CDFEACE4DC" box="[229,348,1993,2018]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Rodríguez</collectorName>
,
<collectingDate id="EF9BE999A829FFD3FE8164CDFE0FE4DC" box="[360,511,1993,2018]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" value="2011-06-26">
<date id="FFDF1071A829FFD3FE8164CDFE0FE4DC" box="[360,511,1993,2018]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" value="2011-06-26">26 June 2011</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF1E6639A828FFD2FF7E67F5FEA3E61B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847836/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1243]" targetPageId="31">
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A828FFD2FF7E67F5FEA3E61B" blockId="31.[151,1435,1265,1317]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FF7E67F5FED2E639" bold="true" box="[151,290,1265,1287]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A828FFD2FEC267F6FE33E639" authority="Klautau, 2017" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[299,451,1265,1287]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="solaris" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FEC267F6FE33E639" box="[299,451,1265,1287]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Ernstia solaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657D8A828FFD2FE2567F5FDEFE639" box="[460,543,1265,1287]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FE2567F5FDEFE639" bold="true" box="[460,543,1265,1287]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
A—Specimen after fixation. B—Section. C—Triactine. D—Tetractine. E—Tetractine (ap: apical actine).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C37B653AA828FFD2FF2E6648FC33E6B7" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A828FFD2FF2E6648FBA1E65B" blockId="31.[151,1436,1356,2030]" box="[199,1105,1356,1381]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FF2E6648FEBEE65B" bold="true" box="[199,334,1356,1381]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Etymology.</emphasis>
From the Latin
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A828FFD2FDEA6649FDBFE65B" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[515,591,1357,1381]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="solaris">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FDEA6649FDBFE65B" box="[515,591,1357,1381]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">solaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=solar), for the yellow colour of the cormus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A828FFD2FF2E6674FC33E6B7" blockId="31.[151,1436,1356,2030]" box="[199,963,1392,1417]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FF2E6674FEEFE6B7" bold="true" box="[199,287,1392,1417]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Colour.</emphasis>
Yellow to lemon-green in life and white to beige in ethanol.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B653AA828FFD2FF2E6691FABDE428" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A828FFD2FF2E6691FEB6E6C8" blockId="31.[151,1436,1356,2030]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FF2E6691FE91E690" bold="true" box="[199,353,1429,1454]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Morphology.</emphasis>
The cormus of this sponge is fragile, formed by thin, irregular and tigthly anastomosed tubes (
<figureCitation id="135A2A34A828FFD2FF7666BCFF19E6EF" box="[159,233,1464,1489]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1265,1287]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1243]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1243]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 14. Ernstia solaris sp. nov. A—Specimen after fixation. B—Section. C—Triactine. D—Tetractine. E—Tetractine (ap: apical actine)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847836/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Fig 14</figureCitation>
A). water-collecting tubes are present. The diameter of the osculum
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FC0D66BDFBDFE6EE" box="[996,1071,1465,1488]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">in vivo</emphasis>
was
<quantity id="4C999B54A828FFD2FB8E66BDFB34E6EE" box="[1127,1220,1465,1489]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
but after fixation it was contracted.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A828FFD2FF2E6504FC6BE500" blockId="31.[151,1436,1356,2030]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FF2E6504FECBE527" bold="true" box="[199,315,1536,1561]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Anatomy.</emphasis>
Cells with granules were not observed. The skeleton has no special organization (
<figureCitation id="135A2A34A828FFD2FB1C6504FAB4E527" box="[1269,1348,1536,1561]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1265,1287]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1243]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1243]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 14. Ernstia solaris sp. nov. A—Specimen after fixation. B—Section. C—Triactine. D—Tetractine. E—Tetractine (ap: apical actine)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847836/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Fig 14</figureCitation>
B). It is composed of triactines and tetractines in almost the same proportion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A828FFD2FF2E654CFCBBE5BB" blockId="31.[151,1436,1356,2030]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FF2E654CFED9E55F" bold="true" box="[199,297,1608,1633]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Spicules</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="135A2A34A828FFD2FED0654CFE5DE55F" box="[313,429,1608,1633]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1265,1287]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1243]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1243]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 14. Ernstia solaris sp. nov. A—Specimen after fixation. B—Section. C—Triactine. D—Tetractine. E—Tetractine (ap: apical actine)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847836/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Figure 14</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6E3030AA828FFD2FE52654CFDD2E55F" box="[443,546,1608,1633]" captionStart="TABLE 15" captionStartId="32.[151,239,293,316]" captionText="TABLE 15. Spicule measurements of Ernstia solaris sp. nov. (H = holotype; P = paratype)." pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Table 15</tableCitation>
). Triactines: Equiangular and equiradiate. Actines are cylindrical and slightly undulated, with tips varying from rounded to blunt (
<figureCitation id="135A2A34A828FFD2FD346569FCD9E5BB" box="[733,809,1645,1670]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1265,1287]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1243]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1243]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 14. Ernstia solaris sp. nov. A—Specimen after fixation. B—Section. C—Triactine. D—Tetractine. E—Tetractine (ap: apical actine)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847836/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Fig 14</figureCitation>
C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A828FFD2FF2E6594FDCCE5CF" blockId="31.[151,1436,1356,2030]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">
Tetractines: Equiangular and equiradiate. Actines are cylindrical and slightly undulated, with tips varying from rounded to blunt (
<figureCitation id="135A2A34A828FFD2FE8D65B1FE40E5F3" box="[356,432,1717,1742]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1265,1287]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1243]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1243]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 14. Ernstia solaris sp. nov. A—Specimen after fixation. B—Section. C—Triactine. D—Tetractine. E—Tetractine (ap: apical actine)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847836/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Fig 14</figureCitation>
D). The apical actine is slightly conical, sharp, smooth, straight, and usually shorter and thinner than the basal ones (
<figureCitation id="135A2A34A828FFD2FE3965DCFDEBE5CF" box="[464,539,1752,1777]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1265,1287]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1243]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1243]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 14. Ernstia solaris sp. nov. A—Specimen after fixation. B—Section. C—Triactine. D—Tetractine. E—Tetractine (ap: apical actine)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847836/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Fig 14</figureCitation>
E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A828FFD2FF2E65F9FABDE428" blockId="31.[151,1436,1356,2030]" box="[199,1357,1789,1814]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FF2E65F9FEDBE428" bold="true" box="[199,299,1789,1814]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Ecology.</emphasis>
The two specimens were collected from
<quantity id="4C999B54A828FFD2FD1165F9FC88E42B" box="[760,888,1789,1814]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.55" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" unit="m" value="7.55" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="0.1">0.1 to 15 m</quantity>
of depth in shaded habitats in a tide pool.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B653AA828FFD2FF2E6424FC2AE407" box="[199,986,1824,1849]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A828FFD2FF2E6424FC2AE407" blockId="31.[151,1436,1356,2030]" box="[199,986,1824,1849]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FF2E6424FE90E407" bold="true" box="[199,352,1824,1849]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Distribution.</emphasis>
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago and Trindade Island.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B653AA828FFEDFF2E6441FA8CE035" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="333" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A828FFEDFF2E6441FE05E3C6" blockId="31.[151,1436,1356,2030]" lastBlockId="32.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="333" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FF2E6441FECBE460" bold="true" box="[199,315,1861,1886]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Remarks.</emphasis>
There are five yellow species of
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A828FFD2FD536442FCFDE463" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[698,781,1862,1885]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FD536442FCFDE463" box="[698,781,1862,1885]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Ernstia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A828FFD2FCF46442FC8EE463" authority="Klautau, 2017" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[797,894,1862,1885]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="citrea" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FCF46442FC8EE463" box="[797,894,1862,1885]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">E. citrea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657D8A828FFD2FC6E6441FC12E460" box="[903,994,1861,1886]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FC6E6441FC12E460" bold="true" box="[903,994,1861,1886]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A828FFD2FC186442FB86E463" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" box="[1009,1142,1861,1885]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chrysops">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FC186442FB86E463" box="[1009,1142,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">E. chrysops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A828FFD2FB6C6442FAF6E463" box="[1157,1286,1861,1885]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="klautaue">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FB6C6442FAF6E463" box="[1157,1286,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">E. klautaue</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A828FFD2FAFF6442FA6CE463" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" box="[1302,1436,1861,1885]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="naturalis">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FAFF6442FA6CE463" box="[1302,1436,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">E. naturalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A828FFD2FF25646DFE96E4BE" authority="Klautau, 2017" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[204,358,1897,1920]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rocasensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FF25646DFE96E4BE" box="[204,358,1897,1920]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">E. rocasensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657D8A828FFD2FE9D646CFE23E4BF" box="[372,467,1896,1921]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FE9D646CFE23E4BF" bold="true" box="[372,467,1896,1921]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and three whose colours are unknown:
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A828FFD2FC2B646DFB92E4BE" baseAuthorityName="Hozawa" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[962,1122,1897,1920]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sagamiana">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FC2B646DFB92E4BE" box="[962,1122,1897,1920]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">E. sagamiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A828FFD2FB9F646DFAB1E4BF" box="[1142,1345,1897,1921]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FB9F646DFAB1E4BF" box="[1142,1345,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">E. septentrionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A828FFD2FA6D646DFF09E49B" baseAuthorityName="Klautau &amp; Valentine" baseAuthorityYear="2003" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sueziana">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FA6D646DFF09E49B" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">E. sueziana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A828FFD2FEEF648AFE5BE49B" authority="Klautau, 2017" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[262,427,1933,1957]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="solaris" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FEEF648AFE5BE49B" box="[262,427,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Ernstia solaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657D8A828FFD2FE5A6489FDFCE498" box="[435,524,1933,1958]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FE5A6489FDFCE498" bold="true" box="[435,524,1933,1958]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be differentiated from
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A828FFD2FCD5648AFC30E49B" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" box="[828,960,1933,1957]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="naturalis">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FCD5648AFC30E49B" box="[828,960,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">E. naturalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A828FFD2FC27648AFBBFE49B" baseAuthorityName="Klautau &amp; Valentine" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[974,1103,1934,1957]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sueziana">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FC27648AFBBFE49B" box="[974,1103,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">E. sueziana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A828FFD2FB6C648AFAE9E49B" authority="Klautau, 2017" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[1157,1305,1934,1957]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rocasensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FB6C648AFAE9E49B" box="[1157,1305,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">E. rocasensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657D8A828FFD2FAC96489FA89E498" box="[1312,1401,1933,1958]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FAC96489FA89E498" bold="true" box="[1312,1401,1933,1958]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
by the organisation of the cormus, which is loosely anastomosed in these three species, and tightly anastomosed in the new one. It can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A828FFD2FDAE64D2FD3BE4D3" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" box="[583,715,2005,2029]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chrysops">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FDAE64D2FD3BE4D3" box="[583,715,2005,2029]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">E. chrysops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A828FFD2FCEB64D2FC6DE4D3" baseAuthorityName="Hozawa" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[770,925,2006,2029]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sagamiana">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A828FFD2FCEB64D2FC6DE4D3" box="[770,925,2006,2029]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">E. sagamiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of diactines in those species, and from
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A817FFEDFEEA639DFE91E391" authority="Klautau, 2017" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[259,353,152,176]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="citrea" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A817FFEDFEEA639DFE91E391" box="[259,353,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">E. citrea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657D8A817FFEDFE816393FE31E38E" box="[360,449,151,176]" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A817FFEDFE816393FE31E38E" bold="true" box="[360,449,151,176]" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A817FFEDFE1F639DFD72E38E" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" box="[502,642,152,176]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="klautauae">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A817FFEDFE1F639DFD72E38E" box="[502,642,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">E. klautauae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the shape of the actines, which are conical in those two species, and cylindrical in
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A817FFEDFEDE63B9FE55E3EA" authority="Klautau, 2017" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[311,421,188,212]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="solaris" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A817FFEDFEDE63B9FE55E3EA" box="[311,421,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">E. solaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657D8A817FFEDFE4763B8FDFAE3EB" box="[430,522,188,213]" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A817FFEDFE4763B8FDFAE3EB" bold="true" box="[430,522,188,213]" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A817FFEDFDFD63B9FCE5E3EA" box="[532,789,188,212]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A817FFEDFDFD63B9FCE5E3EA" box="[532,789,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">Ernstia septentrionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from the new species because that species has cells with granules.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1E6639A817FFEDFF7E6221FB95E202" box="[151,1125,292,316]" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A817FFEDFF7E6221FB95E202" blockId="32.[151,1125,292,316]" box="[151,1125,292,316]" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A817FFEDFF7E6221FEE7E202" bold="true" box="[151,279,293,316]" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">TABLE 15.</emphasis>
Spicule measurements of
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A817FFEDFDD96221FD3EE202" authority="Klautau, 2017" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[560,718,292,316]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="solaris" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A817FFEDFDD96221FD3EE202" box="[560,718,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">Ernstia solaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657D8A817FFEDFD3C6221FCDBE202" box="[725,811,293,316]" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A817FFEDFD3C6221FCDBE202" bold="true" box="[725,811,293,316]" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(H= holotype; P= paratype).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A817FFEDFF74625CFA9FE250" blockId="32.[157,1404,344,779]" box="[157,1391,344,366]" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">Specimen Spicule Length (µm) Width (µm) n</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A817FFEDFDDE6285FADBE2A9" blockId="32.[157,1404,344,779]" box="[567,1323,385,407]" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">min mean sd max min mean sd max</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A817FFEDFF7462AFFA8CE035" blockId="32.[157,1404,344,779]" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">MNRJ 7374 (H) Triactine 62.1 66.0 3.5 72.9 2.7 4.9 0.8 5.4 30 Tetractine 56.7 64.3 4.0 72.9 4.1 5.0 0.6 5.4 30 Apical 24.3 52.1 13.7 81.0 2.7 4.1 0.4 5.4 30 MNRJ 7370 (P) Triactine 54.0 60.9 4.1 67.5 4.1 4.4 0.6 5.4 20 Tetractine 43.2 60.5 5.6 67.5 4.1 4.7 0.7 5.4 20 Apical 21.6 52.9 15.3 81.0 2.7 3.4 0.7 4.1 20 UFRJPOR 6538 (P) Triactine 54.0 66.0 6.6 81.0 4.1 4.4 0.6 5.4 20 Tetractine 51.3 63.6 7.5 78.3 4.1 4.3 0.5 5.4 20 Apical 29.7 61.6 17.1 86.4 2.7 2.7 0.0 2.7 10</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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