222 lines
42 KiB
XML
222 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document id="6767C3548FD2A3AC5E0BF364518DB302" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3702.5.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4eb07759-6030-417d-9838-37bffe33561a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="217210" ID-ZooBank="C4481743-38D1-4574-AFB1-C40F736A9AE6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460672034698" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mockford, Edward L. & Wynne, J. Judson" docDate="2013" docId="9E7B5A571502CC3213F84C3E41B5A983" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03702p449.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3702 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cyptophania pakaratii Mockford & Wynne, 2013, n.sp." docType="treatment" docUuid="4210194A-FCD5-47A4-9C5F-4407EE029478" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="446" masterDocId="6242222F150ACC3B136F4F7D4435AD46" masterDocTitle="Genus Cyptophania Banks (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Lepidopsocidae): unique features, augmented description of the generotype, and descriptions of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="449" masterPageNumber="437" pageNumber="445" updateTime="1698348456577" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="496ACDE96D1AB333B9A9962BE3F05C37">Genus Cyptophania Banks (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Lepidopsocidae): unique features, augmented description of the generotype, and descriptions of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0C0BA8A27F74EA9E06E18AAB6175BE2C">Mockford, Edward L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="179E1F882EFB5580EA0E0752F3B04035">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5A214F6CB922F2116DC50E42EE4C9B1B">Wynne, J. Judson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BCC3D307E0D924AF19356EAC224E1273">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="714F9F1E62DAA513863A2FCC3F0DD874">
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<mods:date id="F006A521760E5BCD6BB70A4D1ECC2259">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AE679D93D6D0CFE6286ED3A0EC6B061F">3702</mods:number>
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<treatment id="9E7B5A571502CC3213F84C3E41B5A983" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6152485" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119576979" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6152485" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4210194A-FCD5-47A4-9C5F-4407EE029478" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E7B5A571502CC3213F84C3E41B5A983" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="446" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">
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<subSubSection id="5EC8B8CA1502CC3313F84C3E45DDAE18" box="[151,488,835,862]" pageId="8" pageNumber="445" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="166DEB411502CC3313F84C3E45DDAE18" blockId="8.[151,488,835,862]" box="[151,488,835,862]" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">
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<heading id="4D255C2D1502CC3313F84C3E45DDAE18" bold="true" box="[151,488,835,862]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="445" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="24A637531502CC3313F84C3E45DDAE18" bold="true" box="[151,488,835,862]" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">
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<taxonomicName id="D1D290C21502CC3313F84C3E4593AE1B" ID-CoL="33JF3" box="[151,422,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidopsocidae" genus="Cyptophania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pakaratii" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="24A637531502CC3313F84C3E4593AE1B" bold="true" box="[151,422,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">Cyptophania pakaratii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3F958A281502CC3312C24C3945DDAE18" box="[429,488,836,862]" pageId="8" pageNumber="445" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5EC8B8CA1502CC3313F84CF74068AE81" pageId="8" pageNumber="445" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="166DEB411502CC3313F84CF74068AE81" blockId="8.[151,1437,906,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">
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<emphasis id="24A637531502CC3313F84CF7453FAEE5" bold="true" box="[151,266,906,931]" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Antenna with distinct whorls of microtriches on flagellomeres beyond f1 (
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<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41502CC33170F4CF74081AEE5" box="[1120,1204,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1356,141,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Structures of Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp. (15) flagellomeres f 2 and f 3 showing distinct whorls of microtriches and distal whorls of setae; (16) female, fore wing showing color pattern; (17) female, lacinial tip; (18) female, inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (19) male, phallosome; (20) male, distal end of phallosome, enlarged (see text for interpretation of labels); (21) female, fore wing showing venation; (22) female, hind tibial spurs; (23 – 24) female, collars of spermathecal duct; (25) female, spermathecal sac (outline of spongiform gland in dashed lines). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217213/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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). Ctenidia absent on hind t1. Two tergites sclerotized and pigmented before clunium (
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<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41502CC3310044CD3479AAE81" box="[875,943,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,180,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1400,149,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 14. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (3) C. pakaratii n. sp. head and body with fore wings removed, dorsal view (hw = hind wing); (4) C. hirsuta Banks, hind wing; (5) C. costalis n. sp., maxillary palpus (setae not shown); (6) C. pakaratii n. sp., pretarsal claw; (7) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, right paraproct; Figs 8 – 14: C. hirsuta Banks, female. (8) lacinial tip; (9) fore wing; (10) inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (11) ctenidia of hind t 1; (12) ovipositor valvulae; (13) collar of spermathecal duct; (14) spermathecal sac (C = cutter). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217212/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). See also Key.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5EC8B8CA1502CC3213A84CAF47A2AC22" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="446" pageId="8" pageNumber="445" type="description">
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<paragraph id="166DEB411502CC3313A84CAF4792A911" blockId="8.[151,1437,906,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">
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<emphasis id="24A637531502CC3313A84CAF457FAEAD" bold="true" box="[199,330,978,1003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">Male color</emphasis>
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(in alcohol 4 years). Compound eyes black. Rest of head, thorax, and appendages beige. Fore wings beige, darker along anterior margin and tip region, mottled with distinct colorless areas in basal and in distal one-third (
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<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41502CC33127A4B674544A975" box="[277,369,1050,1075]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1356,141,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Structures of Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp. (15) flagellomeres f 2 and f 3 showing distinct whorls of microtriches and distal whorls of setae; (16) female, fore wing showing color pattern; (17) female, lacinial tip; (18) female, inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (19) male, phallosome; (20) male, distal end of phallosome, enlarged (see text for interpretation of labels); (21) female, fore wing showing venation; (22) female, hind tibial spurs; (23 – 24) female, collars of spermathecal duct; (25) female, spermathecal sac (outline of spongiform gland in dashed lines). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217213/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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). Preclunial abdominal segments colorless with white internal tissues showing through; persistent scales on sides brown. Terminal abdominal segments beige.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="166DEB411502CC3313A84B1F47A9AB35" blockId="8.[151,1437,906,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">
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<emphasis id="24A637531502CC3313A84B1F4639A93D" bold="true" box="[199,524,1122,1147]" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">Male structural characters</emphasis>
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. Habitus (
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<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41502CC3311EA4B1F46FDA93D" box="[645,712,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,135,1947]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. (1) Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp., male, habitus; (2) Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp., female, with spermatophore (arrow) protruding from genital chamber." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217211/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). Antenna with up to 42 flagellomeres, with distinct whorls of microtriches from f2 presumably to tip (but slide-mounted specimens with antennae missing beyond f17); with a subapical whorl of long setae, some as long as their segment, on each flagellomere. Lacinial tip (
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<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41502CC3317844BD7410AA985" box="[1259,1343,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1356,141,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Structures of Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp. (15) flagellomeres f 2 and f 3 showing distinct whorls of microtriches and distal whorls of setae; (16) female, fore wing showing color pattern; (17) female, lacinial tip; (18) female, inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (19) male, phallosome; (20) male, distal end of phallosome, enlarged (see text for interpretation of labels); (21) female, fore wing showing venation; (22) female, hind tibial spurs; (23 – 24) female, collars of spermathecal duct; (25) female, spermathecal sac (outline of spongiform gland in dashed lines). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217213/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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): lateral tine with double outer denticle, one part shorter than the other, inner denticle short and blunt; median tine simple. Fore wing venation not visible.
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<collectingCountry id="6EC5ABD11502CC3311784B8F467AA84D" box="[535,591,1266,1291]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">Hind</collectingCountry>
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coxal rasp as in female (
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<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41502CC3310E84B8F47D4A84D" box="[903,993,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1356,141,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Structures of Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp. (15) flagellomeres f 2 and f 3 showing distinct whorls of microtriches and distal whorls of setae; (16) female, fore wing showing color pattern; (17) female, lacinial tip; (18) female, inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (19) male, phallosome; (20) male, distal end of phallosome, enlarged (see text for interpretation of labels); (21) female, fore wing showing venation; (22) female, hind tibial spurs; (23 – 24) female, collars of spermathecal duct; (25) female, spermathecal sac (outline of spongiform gland in dashed lines). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217213/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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). Sub-basal and sub-distal hind tibial trichobothrium-like setae present (as in
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<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41502CC3311074A6B46F5A869" box="[616,704,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[216,1368,177,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[213,1376,159,1843]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 35. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (26) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, ovipositor valvulae. Figs 27 – 34: C. australica n. sp., female. (27) fore wing; (28) lacinial tip; (29) Inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (30) hind tibia showing sub-basal and sub-distal trichobothrium-like setae; (31) hind tibial spurs; (32) ovipositor valvulae; (33) collar of spermathecal duct (P = ‘ pen’); (34) spermathecal sac; (35) C. costalis n. sp., female, fore wing (Florida specimen). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217214/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
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). Spurs of hind tibia striated. Ctenidia absent on hind t1. Two abdominal tergites before clunium sclerotized and pigmented (as in
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<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41502CC3310C64A4747DAA815" box="[937,1007,1338,1363]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,180,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1400,149,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 14. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (3) C. pakaratii n. sp. head and body with fore wings removed, dorsal view (hw = hind wing); (4) C. hirsuta Banks, hind wing; (5) C. costalis n. sp., maxillary palpus (setae not shown); (6) C. pakaratii n. sp., pretarsal claw; (7) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, right paraproct; Figs 8 – 14: C. hirsuta Banks, female. (8) lacinial tip; (9) fore wing; (10) inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (11) ctenidia of hind t 1; (12) ovipositor valvulae; (13) collar of spermathecal duct; (14) spermathecal sac (C = cutter). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217212/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). Hypandrium with straight posterior margin, rounded sides, bearing scattered setae on outer surface. Phallosome (
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<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41502CC3317794A234095A831" box="[1046,1184,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1356,141,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Structures of Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp. (15) flagellomeres f 2 and f 3 showing distinct whorls of microtriches and distal whorls of setae; (16) female, fore wing showing color pattern; (17) female, lacinial tip; (18) female, inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (19) male, phallosome; (20) male, distal end of phallosome, enlarged (see text for interpretation of labels); (21) female, fore wing showing venation; (22) female, hind tibial spurs; (23 – 24) female, collars of spermathecal duct; (25) female, spermathecal sac (outline of spongiform gland in dashed lines). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217213/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">Figs 19, 20</figureCitation>
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): basal struts straight, about 2⅓X length of external parameres, each bending slightly inward distally to join base of external paramere; internal parameres not visible as distinct regions, probably fused to externals, the region of probable fusion (no. 1+2 on
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<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41502CC3313984AB74579A8A5" box="[247,332,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1356,141,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Structures of Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp. (15) flagellomeres f 2 and f 3 showing distinct whorls of microtriches and distal whorls of setae; (16) female, fore wing showing color pattern; (17) female, lacinial tip; (18) female, inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (19) male, phallosome; (20) male, distal end of phallosome, enlarged (see text for interpretation of labels); (21) female, fore wing showing venation; (22) female, hind tibial spurs; (23 – 24) female, collars of spermathecal duct; (25) female, spermathecal sac (outline of spongiform gland in dashed lines). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217213/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
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) bearing pores medio-distally; external endophallic rami (no. 3 on
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<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41502CC3317024AB740F7A8A5" box="[1133,1218,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1356,141,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Structures of Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp. (15) flagellomeres f 2 and f 3 showing distinct whorls of microtriches and distal whorls of setae; (16) female, fore wing showing color pattern; (17) female, lacinial tip; (18) female, inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (19) male, phallosome; (20) male, distal end of phallosome, enlarged (see text for interpretation of labels); (21) female, fore wing showing venation; (22) female, hind tibial spurs; (23 – 24) female, collars of spermathecal duct; (25) female, spermathecal sac (outline of spongiform gland in dashed lines). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217213/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
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) (nomenclature of
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<bibRefCitation id="724396B01502CC3313F84A934557AB41" author="Mockford" box="[151,354,1518,1543]" pageId="8" pageNumber="445" refString="Mockford, E. L. (2005) A new genus of perientomine psocids (Psocoptera: Lepidopsocidae) with a review of the perientomine genera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 131, 201 - 215." type="journal article" year="2005">Mockford (2005))</bibRefCitation>
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broadened near their bases, terminating anteriorly and posteriorly in a slender filament; internal endophallic rami (no. 4 on
|
||
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41502CC3312A2496F462AAB6D" box="[461,543,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1356,141,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Structures of Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp. (15) flagellomeres f 2 and f 3 showing distinct whorls of microtriches and distal whorls of setae; (16) female, fore wing showing color pattern; (17) female, lacinial tip; (18) female, inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (19) male, phallosome; (20) male, distal end of phallosome, enlarged (see text for interpretation of labels); (21) female, fore wing showing venation; (22) female, hind tibial spurs; (23 – 24) female, collars of spermathecal duct; (25) female, spermathecal sac (outline of spongiform gland in dashed lines). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217213/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
) each forming a well-sclerotized curved surface along inner margin of base of external ramus and terminating apically in a slender filament; membrane between internal rami bearing two longitudinal sets of spinules. Telson lobes as described for the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="166DEB411502CC3313A849034019ABFD" blockId="8.[151,1437,906,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">
|
||
<emphasis id="24A637531502CC3313A849034582ABD1" bold="true" box="[199,439,1662,1687]" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">Male measurements</emphasis>
|
||
(µm). BL = 1954, FW = 889, F = 603, T = 848, t1 = 350, t2 = 62, t3 = 66, f1 = 44, f2 = 45, f3 = 46, f4 = 53, IO = 448.6, d = 112.2, D = 205.4, IO/d = 4.00, IO/D = 2.184.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="166DEB411502CC3313A849BB417CAA45" blockId="8.[151,1437,906,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">
|
||
<emphasis id="24A637531502CC3313A849BB4553AB99" bold="true" box="[199,358,1734,1759]" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">Female color</emphasis>
|
||
(in alcohol 3 years). Compound eyes black. Rest of head, thorax, appendages, and terminal abdominal segments medium brown. Fore wings and preclunial abdominal segments as described for male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="166DEB411502CC3213A848734153AC5B" blockId="8.[151,1437,906,2011]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,1221]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="446" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">
|
||
<emphasis id="24A637531502CC3313A848734617AA61" bold="true" box="[199,546,1806,1831]" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">Female structural characters</emphasis>
|
||
. Habitus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41502CC3311F8487346EEAA61" box="[663,731,1806,1831]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,180,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1400,149,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 14. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (3) C. pakaratii n. sp. head and body with fore wings removed, dorsal view (hw = hind wing); (4) C. hirsuta Banks, hind wing; (5) C. costalis n. sp., maxillary palpus (setae not shown); (6) C. pakaratii n. sp., pretarsal claw; (7) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, right paraproct; Figs 8 – 14: C. hirsuta Banks, female. (8) lacinial tip; (9) fore wing; (10) inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (11) ctenidia of hind t 1; (12) ovipositor valvulae; (13) collar of spermathecal duct; (14) spermathecal sac (C = cutter). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217212/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
, wings removed, appendages and persistent scales not shown). Antenna as described for male (missing beyond f13). Lacinial tip as described for male. Fore wing venation vaguely visible at low power (
|
||
<date id="626CCD811502CC33129A482A461FAA29" box="[501,554,1879,1903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="445" value="1940-10">40X</date>
|
||
), basal cell absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41502CC331062482B4756AA29" box="[781,867,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1356,141,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Structures of Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp. (15) flagellomeres f 2 and f 3 showing distinct whorls of microtriches and distal whorls of setae; (16) female, fore wing showing color pattern; (17) female, lacinial tip; (18) female, inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (19) male, phallosome; (20) male, distal end of phallosome, enlarged (see text for interpretation of labels); (21) female, fore wing showing venation; (22) female, hind tibial spurs; (23 – 24) female, collars of spermathecal duct; (25) female, spermathecal sac (outline of spongiform gland in dashed lines). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217213/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EC5ABD11502CC331015482B4787AA29" box="[890,946,1878,1903]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
wings developed as small, rounded lateral swellings on metanotum.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EC5ABD11502CC3312D3480745C1AAD5" box="[444,500,1914,1939]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
coxal rasp relatively short and slender (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41502CC3310AF48074023AAD5" box="[960,1046,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1356,141,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Structures of Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp. (15) flagellomeres f 2 and f 3 showing distinct whorls of microtriches and distal whorls of setae; (16) female, fore wing showing color pattern; (17) female, lacinial tip; (18) female, inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (19) male, phallosome; (20) male, distal end of phallosome, enlarged (see text for interpretation of labels); (21) female, fore wing showing venation; (22) female, hind tibial spurs; (23 – 24) female, collars of spermathecal duct; (25) female, spermathecal sac (outline of spongiform gland in dashed lines). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217213/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
). Basal tubercles of sub-basal and sub-distal hind tibial trichobothrium-like setae present (the setae missing). Spurs of hind tibia striated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41502CC33165648E341A5AAF1" box="[1337,1424,1950,1975]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1356,141,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Structures of Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp. (15) flagellomeres f 2 and f 3 showing distinct whorls of microtriches and distal whorls of setae; (16) female, fore wing showing color pattern; (17) female, lacinial tip; (18) female, inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (19) male, phallosome; (20) male, distal end of phallosome, enlarged (see text for interpretation of labels); (21) female, fore wing showing venation; (22) female, hind tibial spurs; (23 – 24) female, collars of spermathecal duct; (25) female, spermathecal sac (outline of spongiform gland in dashed lines). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217213/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="445">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ctenidia absent on hind t1. Sclerotization of abdominal terga as described for male. Collar of spermathecal duct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41503CC3213F04FEA4510ADF6" box="[159,293,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1356,141,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Structures of Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp. (15) flagellomeres f 2 and f 3 showing distinct whorls of microtriches and distal whorls of setae; (16) female, fore wing showing color pattern; (17) female, lacinial tip; (18) female, inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (19) male, phallosome; (20) male, distal end of phallosome, enlarged (see text for interpretation of labels); (21) female, fore wing showing venation; (22) female, hind tibial spurs; (23 – 24) female, collars of spermathecal duct; (25) female, spermathecal sac (outline of spongiform gland in dashed lines). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217213/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Figs 23, 24</figureCitation>
|
||
) with orifice in middle or slightly distal to middle, distal appendage a beak-like structure pointed apically. Cutter of spermathecal sac (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41503CC32112E4FC146A1AD93" box="[577,660,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1356,141,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Structures of Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp. (15) flagellomeres f 2 and f 3 showing distinct whorls of microtriches and distal whorls of setae; (16) female, fore wing showing color pattern; (17) female, lacinial tip; (18) female, inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (19) male, phallosome; (20) male, distal end of phallosome, enlarged (see text for interpretation of labels); (21) female, fore wing showing venation; (22) female, hind tibial spurs; (23 – 24) female, collars of spermathecal duct; (25) female, spermathecal sac (outline of spongiform gland in dashed lines). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217213/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
) slender, sword-shaped, slightly over half as long as width (shorter diameter) of the sac in slide preparation. Spermathecal gland spongiform (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41503CC3210894FA2400EADBE" box="[998,1083,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1356,141,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Structures of Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp. (15) flagellomeres f 2 and f 3 showing distinct whorls of microtriches and distal whorls of setae; (16) female, fore wing showing color pattern; (17) female, lacinial tip; (18) female, inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (19) male, phallosome; (20) male, distal end of phallosome, enlarged (see text for interpretation of labels); (21) female, fore wing showing venation; (22) female, hind tibial spurs; (23 – 24) female, collars of spermathecal duct; (25) female, spermathecal sac (outline of spongiform gland in dashed lines). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217213/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ovipositor valvulae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41503CC32162E4FA241A6ADBE" box="[1345,1427,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[216,1368,177,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[213,1376,159,1843]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 35. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (26) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, ovipositor valvulae. Figs 27 – 34: C. australica n. sp., female. (27) fore wing; (28) lacinial tip; (29) Inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (30) hind tibia showing sub-basal and sub-distal trichobothrium-like setae; (31) hind tibial spurs; (32) ovipositor valvulae; (33) collar of spermathecal duct (P = ‘ pen’); (34) spermathecal sac; (35) C. costalis n. sp., female, fore wing (Florida specimen). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217214/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
) typical of the genus;
|
||
<date id="626CCD811503CC3212ED4E7945ABAC5A" box="[386,414,260,284]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">v1</date>
|
||
relatively weakly sclerotized beyond its base. Telson lobes as described for the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="166DEB411503CC3213A84E5A47A2AC22" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<emphasis id="24A637531503CC3213A84E5A45E5AC06" bold="true" box="[199,464,295,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Female measurements</emphasis>
|
||
(µm). BL = 2246, FW = 1329, F = 671, T = 951, hind tarsi missing, f1 = 44, f2 = 38, f3 = 50, f4 = 44, IO = 467, d = 112, D = 201, IO/d = 4.18, IO/D = 2.32.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5EC8B8CA1503CC3213A84E1247ACAFC2" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="166DEB411503CC3213A84E1247ACAFC2" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<emphasis id="24A637531503CC3213A84E12459CACCE" bold="true" box="[199,425,367,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EC5ABD11503CC3212D84E1245CDACCE" box="[439,504,367,392]" name="Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Rapa Nui, five lava tube caves of the Roiho Lava Flow approximately
|
||
<quantity id="D12A46A41503CC32164E4E12416FACCE" box="[1313,1370,367,392]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
north of Hanga Roa Village, Materials were collected using timed searches of fern and moss gardens within collapsed pit entrances of the caves (cave codes Q15-056, Q15-067, Q15-070, Q15-076-078, Q15-074) from
|
||
<date id="626CCD811503CC32178D4EC544FAACB2" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" value="2009-06-30" valueMax="2009-07-13" valueMin="2009-06-30">30 June–13 July 2009</date>
|
||
and bait sampling using locally occurring tree branches and sweet potato within the deep zone (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="724396B01503CC3216554EA144E6AF5E" author="Howarth" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" refString="Howarth, F. G. (1980) The zoogeography of specialized cave animals: a bioclimatic model. Evolution, 34, 394 - 406. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2407402" type="journal article" year="1980">Howarth 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="724396B01503CC3213894D7D452AAF5E" author="Howarth" box="[230,287,512,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" refString="Howarth, F. G. (1982) Bioclimatic and geologic factors governing the evolution and distribution of Hawaiian cave insects. Entomologia Generalis, 8, 17 - 26." type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) of cave Q15-074 from
|
||
<date id="626CCD811503CC3211344E824779AF5E" box="[603,844,511,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" value="2011-08-02" valueMax="2011-08-06" valueMin="2011-08-02">02–06 August 2011</date>
|
||
. All collections by JJW and associates (see Acknowledgments),
|
||
<typeStatus id="C96955E31503CC3212EA4D5945D2AF7B" box="[389,487,548,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female (on slide and in alcohol),
|
||
<specimenCount id="00D420C81503CC3210EE4D5847E4AF7B" box="[897,977,548,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" type="male">7 male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="00D420C81503CC32177E4D584042AF7B" box="[1041,1143,548,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" type="female">7 female</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="C96955E31503CC3217EC4D5840DBAF7B" box="[1155,1262,549,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(one male the allotype on slide and in alcohol) and 3 nymphs (
|
||
<typeStatus id="C96955E31503CC3211BB4D3A470DAF26" box="[724,824,583,608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and allotype plus
|
||
<specimenCount id="00D420C81503CC32177B4D354053AF26" box="[1044,1126,583,608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" type="male">4 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="00D420C81503CC32171A4D3540EFAF26" box="[1141,1242,583,608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" type="female">4 female</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="C96955E31503CC32178A4D354164AF26" box="[1253,1361,584,608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
and 2 nymphs to
|
||
<collectionCode id="70C373841503CC32127C4D114562AFC2" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" box="[275,343,620,644]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" name="Illinois Natural History Survey" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">INHS</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="00D420C81503CC32120C4D114584AFC3" box="[355,433,620,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" type="male">2 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="00D420C81503CC3212D34D114628AFC3" box="[444,541,620,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" type="female">2 female</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="C96955E31503CC32114B4D1046BAAFC3" box="[548,655,621,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
and 1 nymph to
|
||
<collectionCode id="70C373841503CC3210234D1147B9AFC2" box="[844,908,620,644]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">ELM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5EC8B8CA1503CC3213A84DF241B5A983" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="166DEB411503CC3213A84DF244FDAF8B" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<emphasis id="24A637531503CC3213A84DF24573AFEE" bold="true" box="[199,326,655,680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The species is named for Lázaro Pakarati, a spiritual leader and principal cave explorer in Rapa Nui.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="166DEB411503CC3213A84DA541B5A983" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">
|
||
Note (distribution and conservation).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1D290C21503CC3211064DAA4752AFB6" box="[617,871,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidopsocidae" genus="Cyptophania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pakaratii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="24A637531503CC3211064DAA4752AFB6" box="[617,871,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Cyptophania pakaratii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3F958A281503CC3210024DA5479CAFA9" box="[877,937,728,751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
represents the second new species described from caves of the Roiho Lava Flow. The first,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1D290C21503CC3211C94D8140F5AE52" authority="Jordana & Baquero (2008)" authorityName="Jordana & Baquero" authorityYear="2008" box="[678,1216,764,789]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Coecobrya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kennethi">
|
||
<emphasis id="24A637531503CC3211C94D8147BDAE53" box="[678,904,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">Coecobrya kennethi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="724396B01503CC3210FF4D8140F5AE52" author="Jordana" box="[912,1216,764,789]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" refString="Jordana, R. & Baquero, E. (2008) Coecobrya kennethi n. sp. (Collembola, Entomobryomorpha) and presence of Arrhopalites caecus (Tullberg 1871) from Ana Roiho cave (Maunga Hiva Hiva), Rapa Nui-Easter Island. Euryale, 2, 68 - 75." type="journal article" year="2008">Jordana & Baquero (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was a new species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1D290C21503CC3213DA4C62450EAE7E" box="[181,315,799,824]" class="Entognatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Collembola</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both are currently known only from these caves. A surface pitfall trapping effort in 2009 (by JJW) (two sampling grids of 20 pitfall traps deployed on either side of the Roiho Flow) did not detect
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1D290C21503CC3217B14C384153AE1B" box="[1246,1382,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidopsocidae" genus="Cyptophania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pakaratii">
|
||
<emphasis id="24A637531503CC3217B14C384153AE1B" box="[1246,1382,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">C. pakaratii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(J.J. Wynne, unpublished data). Additionally, this animal was not detected during any previous entomological investigations on Rapa Nui, nor did
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="724396B01503CC3211564CF146C8AEE2" author="Mockford" box="[569,765,908,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" refString="Mockford, E. L. (1972) Psocoptera records from Easter Island. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 74, 327 - 329." type="journal article" year="1972">Mockford (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
find this psocid in materials he identified from the island. Currently,
|
||
<emphasis id="24A637531503CC3212604CCD459DAE8E" box="[271,424,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">C. pakaratii’s</emphasis>
|
||
distribution appears to be limited to the fern-moss gardens within the cave entrances. In two regions of western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6EC5ABD11503CC3212F04CA94602AEAA" box="[415,567,980,1005]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="446">United States</collectingCountry>
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, moss gardens within cave entrances have been identified as relict habitats of the last glacial maximum (LGM) and support species now restricted to these habitats (see
|
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<bibRefCitation id="724396B01503CC3217B54C8A41A2A956" author="Benedict" box="[1242,1431,1015,1040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" refString="Benedict, E. M. (1979) A new species of Apochthonius Chamberlin from Oregon (Pseudoscorpionida, Chthoniidae). Journal of Arachnology, 7, 79 - 83." type="journal article" year="1979">Benedict (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="724396B01503CC3213F84B6145EBA972" author="Northup" box="[151,478,1052,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" refString="Northup, D. E. & Welbourn, W. C. (1997) Life in the twilight zone - lava tube ecology, natural history of El Malpais National Monument. New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Bulletin, 156, 69 - 82." type="journal article" year="1997">Northup & Welbourn (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="724396B01503CC3212834B6046AEA972" author="Wynne" box="[492,667,1052,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" refString="Wynne, J. J. (2013) Conservation and management of lava tube caves at El Malpais National Monument. Park Science, 30, 45 - 55." type="journal article" year="2013">Wynne (2013))</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. On Rapa Nui, we suggest that this habitat and some of the species supported within it may represent relicts of a pre-disturbance ecosystem that existed prior to the arrival of the Polynesians. To best protect this animal and the fern-moss garden habitat, we recommend roping off these areas to restrict tourist access (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="724396B01503CC3212A74BFA4725A9E6" author="Northup" box="[456,784,1159,1184]" pageId="9" pageNumber="446" refString="Northup, D. E. & Welbourn, W. C. (1997) Life in the twilight zone - lava tube ecology, natural history of El Malpais National Monument. New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Bulletin, 156, 69 - 82." type="journal article" year="1997">Northup & Welbourn (1997)</bibRefCitation>
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for details). Also, we recommend conducting additional surveys in other caves on the island to gain further understanding of the distribution of this animal on the island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
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</document> |