178 lines
19 KiB
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178 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.332.4753" ID-PMC="PMC3804768" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-332-95" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9C1CE036FFBF8D66FF024F74FFB0FFCC" ID-PubMed="24163583" ID-Zenodo-Dep="577540" ModsDocID="1313-2970-332-95" checkinTime="1451246929074" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Barney, Robert J., LeSage, Laurent & Savard, Karine" docDate="2013" docId="8AC53B0CAB19F3A20AD65D4653A520ED" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 332: 95-176" docOrigin="ZooKeys 332" docPubDate="2013-09-19" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.332.4753" docTitle="Pachybrachis atomarius" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="9C1CE036FFBF8D66FF024F74FFB0FFCC" lastPageNumber="113" masterDocId="9C1CE036FFBF8D66FF024F74FFB0FFCC" masterDocTitle="Pachybrachis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae) of Eastern Canada" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="95" pageNumber="113" updateTime="1668156466159" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Pachybrachis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae) of Eastern Canada</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Barney, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Gus R. Douglass Land-Grant Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States 25112 - 1000</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rbarney@wvstateu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>LeSage, Laurent</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Neatby Building, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K 1 A 0 C 6</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Savard, Karine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Neatby Building, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K 1 A 0 C 6</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2013-09-19</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>332</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>95</mods:start>
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<mods:end>175</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.332.4753</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.332.4753</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-332-95</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">9C1CE036FFBF8D66FF024F74FFB0FFCC</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">577540</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152047707" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8AC53B0CAB19F3A20AD65D4653A520ED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8AC53B0CAB19F3A20AD65D4653A520ED" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="18" pageNumber="113">
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="113" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="113">
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<taxonomicName LSID="8AC53B0C-AB19-F3A2-0AD6-5D4653A520ED" authority="(F. E. Melsheimer, 1847)" baseAuthorityName="F. E. Melsheimer" baseAuthorityYear="1847" class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachybrachis atomarius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atomarius">Pachybrachis atomarius (F. E. Melsheimer, 1847)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Habitus 1" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Habitus 1. Dorsal habitus of Pachybrachis atomarius. Scale bar, 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20904" pageId="18" pageNumber="113">Habitus 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Map 1" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Map 1. The known distribution of Pachybrachis atomarius in eastern Canada. Carolinian Zone in dark beige; EE - Eardley Escarpment." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20927" pageId="18" pageNumber="113">; Map 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Eyes: a close eyes, Pachybrachis pectoralis b normal eyes, Pachybrachis peccans c normal eyes and yellow face, male Pachybrachis atomarius d remote eyes, Pachybrachis hepaticus." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20858" pageId="18" pageNumber="113">; Figures 1c</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tibial spurs: a absent from front leg, Pachybrachis atomarius b minute on front leg, Pachybrachis spumarius c large on front leg, Pachybrachis calcaratus d small and pointed on middle legs in most species." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20862" pageId="18" pageNumber="113">, 5a</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Pygidium: a largely yellow, Pachybrachis bivittatus b with well-defined yellow spots, Pachybrachis cephalicus c with faint reddish spots, Pachybrachis spumarius d black, Pachybrachis atomarius." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20866" pageId="18" pageNumber="113">, 8d</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="113" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="113">
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<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cryptocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atomarius">Cryptocephalus atomarius</taxonomicName>
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F. E. Melsheimer, 1847: 170.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="113">
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<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infaustus">Pachybrachis infaustus</taxonomicName>
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Haldeman, 1849: 262.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="113">
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<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atomus">Pachybrachys atomus</taxonomicName>
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Bowditch, 1909: 319.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="113" type="recognition">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="113">Recognition.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="113">
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Body largely fuscous, dull, mottled with many yellow spots (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Habitus 1" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Habitus 1. Dorsal habitus of Pachybrachis atomarius. Scale bar, 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20904" pageId="18" pageNumber="113">Habitus 1</figureCitation>
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); elytral puncturation dense, confused discally, more or less arranged in rows towards rear and sides; face of males predominately yellow; pygidium entirely black, convex (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Pygidium: a largely yellow, Pachybrachis bivittatus b with well-defined yellow spots, Pachybrachis cephalicus c with faint reddish spots, Pachybrachis spumarius d black, Pachybrachis atomarius." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20866" pageId="18" pageNumber="113">Figure 8d</figureCitation>
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); male size small: length 1.85
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.07 mm, width 1.01
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.03 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="113" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="113">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="113">
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The distribution in eastern Canada is restricted in southern Ontario to remnants of the Carolinian forest (
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<bibRefCitation author="Johnson, L" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="48" pageNumber="143" publicationUrl="http://onnaturemagazine.com/endangered-ecosystem-carolinian-zone.html" refId="B112" refString="Johnson, L, 2012. Endangered ecosystems: Carolinian Zone. On Nature., http://onnaturemagazine.com/endangered-ecosystem-carolinian-zone.html" title="Endangered ecosystems: Carolinian Zone. On Nature." url="http://onnaturemagazine.com/endangered-ecosystem-carolinian-zone.html" year="2012">Johnson 2012</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Shelford, VE" journalOrPublisher="University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois" pageId="52" pageNumber="147" refId="B175" refString="Shelford, VE, 1963. The ecology of North America. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois, 610 pp." title="The ecology of North America." year="1963">Shelford 1963</bibRefCitation>
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). In
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Québec">Quebec</normalizedToken>
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, the distribution is isolated from the main distribution area (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Map 1" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Map 1. The known distribution of Pachybrachis atomarius in eastern Canada. Carolinian Zone in dark beige; EE - Eardley Escarpment." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20927" pageId="18" pageNumber="113">Map 1</figureCitation>
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). The unique specimen available was probably collected on the Eardley Escarpment, which is a warmer refugium created by cliffs of the Laurentian Highlands oriented southwards (
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<bibRefCitation author="Brunton, DF" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Field-Naturalist" pageId="44" pageNumber="139" pagination="337 - 344" refId="B27" refString="Brunton, DF, Lafontaine, JD, 1971. An unusual escarpment flora in western Quebec. The Canadian Field-Naturalist 88 (3): 337 - 344" title="An unusual escarpment flora in western Quebec." volume="88" year="1971">Brunton and Lafontaine 1971</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="113" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="113">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="113">ONTARIO: Essex Co., Ojibway, 7.VIII.1943, S. D. Hicks [6♀, CNC]; same data, except 8.VII.1943, S. D. Hicks [1♀, CNC]; Point Pelee, 9.VII.1931, W. J. Brown [5♂ 1♀, CNC]; Roseland, 24.VI.1944, S. D. Hicks [1♂, CNC]; Lambton Co., Walpole Island [1♂ 1♀, CNC]; Norfolk Co., Normandale, 4.VI.1931, W. J. Brown [1♂ 1♀, CNC]; Turkey Point, 8.VII.1931, W. J. Brown [1♂ 4♀, CNC]; Walsh, 10.VI.1931, W. J. Brown [1♀, CNC]; Ontario Co., Fisher Glen, 12.VI.1931, W. J. Brown [2♂ 6♀, CNC].</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="113">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="QUÉBEC">QUEBEC</normalizedToken>
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: Pontiac Co., Old Chelsea, 12.VII.1961, J. R. Vockeroth [1♂, CNC].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="113" type="host plants">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="113">Host plants.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="113">
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No plant association records were available from specimens examined, and
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<bibRefCitation author="Barney, RJ" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="43" pageNumber="138" pagination="15 - 19" publicationUrl="10.1649/0010-065X-65.1.15" refId="B11" refString="Barney, RJ, Hall, SL, 2011. New host plant records for selected Cryptocephaline leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Kentucky. The Coleopterists Bulletin 65 (1): 15 - 19, 10.1649/0010-065X-65.1.15" title="New host plant records for selected Cryptocephaline leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Kentucky." url="10.1649/0010-065X-65.1.15" volume="65" year="2011">Barney et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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did not report any either.
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<bibRefCitation author="Clark, SM" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Publications of the West Virginia Department of Agriculture" pageId="45" pageNumber="140" refId="B44" refString="Clark, SM, LeDoux, DG, Seeno, TN, Riley, EG, Gilbert, AJ, Sullivan, JM, 2004. Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada. In: The Coleopterists Society, Special Publication No. 2., 476 pp." title="Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada." volumeTitle="The Coleopterists Society, Special Publication No. 2." year="2004">Clark et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
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presents the known literature, but since adults were usually swept from vegetation, these records cannot automatically be interpreted as real host associations.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="113" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="113">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="113">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="F. E. Melsheimer" baseAuthorityYear="1847" class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atomarius">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="113">Pachybrachis atomarius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is one of
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<bibRefCitation author="Fall, HC" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="46" pageNumber="141" pagination="291 - 486" refId="B76" refString="Fall, HC, 1915. A revision of the North American species of Pachybrachys. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 41: 291 - 486" title="A revision of the North American species of Pachybrachys." volume="41" year="1915">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fall’s">Fall's</normalizedToken>
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(1915)
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</bibRefCitation>
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Group C species that have "great variation in the degree of (elytral) maculation." In spite of the extremely variable elytral mottling, ranging from heavily speckled with yellow to almost entirely black,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="F. E. Melsheimer" baseAuthorityYear="1847" class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atomarius">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="113">Pachybrachis atomarius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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males are relatively easy to identify by the combination of the predominately yellow face (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Eyes: a close eyes, Pachybrachis pectoralis b normal eyes, Pachybrachis peccans c normal eyes and yellow face, male Pachybrachis atomarius d remote eyes, Pachybrachis hepaticus." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20858" pageId="18" pageNumber="113">Figure 1c</figureCitation>
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) and entirely black, convex pygidium (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Pygidium: a largely yellow, Pachybrachis bivittatus b with well-defined yellow spots, Pachybrachis cephalicus c with faint reddish spots, Pachybrachis spumarius d black, Pachybrachis atomarius." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20866" pageId="18" pageNumber="113">Figure 8d</figureCitation>
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). The entirely black, convex pygidium character also permits identification of singleton females.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="113">
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Although
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="F. E. Melsheimer" baseAuthorityYear="1847" class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atomarius">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="113">Pachybrachis atomarius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a typical eastern North American species distributed from Manitoba to Oklahoma to Atlantic states (
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<bibRefCitation author="Riley, EG" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterists Society" pageId="51" pageNumber="146" refId="B167" refString="Riley, EG, Clark, SM, Seeno, TN, 2003. Catalog of the leaf beetles of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae and Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society 1, 290 pp." title="Catalog of the leaf beetles of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae and Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae)." volume="1" year="2003">Riley et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="LeSage, L" editor="Bousquet, Y" journalOrPublisher="Ottawa" pageId="49" pageNumber="144" pagination="301 - 323" refId="B130" refString="LeSage, L, 1991. Family Chrysomelidae leaf beetles. In: Bousquet, Y, Ed., Checklist of beetles of Canada and Alaska. Ottawa: 301 - 323" title="Family Chrysomelidae leaf beetles." volumeTitle="Checklist of beetles of Canada and Alaska." year="1991">LeSage 1991</bibRefCitation>
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; Barney, unpublished data), in Ontario it is restricted to the Carolinian Zone in the southernmost part of the province. Its presence in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Québec">Quebec</normalizedToken>
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is considerably disjunct from its main distribution area, and this isolation is due to the warmer microhabitat of the Laurentian Highlands cliffs of Eardley Escarpment, which are fully exposed southwards and harbor similarly disjunct insects and plants (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hall, PW" journalOrPublisher="Trail and Landscape" pageId="47" pageNumber="142" pagination="37 - 39" refId="B92" refString="Hall, PW, 1991. A surprise hairstreak summer. Trail and Landscape 25 (2): 37 - 39" title="A surprise hairstreak summer." volume="25" year="1991">Hall 1991</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Layberry, RA" journalOrPublisher="University of Toronto Press, Toronto" pageId="49" pageNumber="144" refId="B121" refString="Layberry, RA, Hall, PW, Lafontaine, JD, 1998. The Butterflies of Canada. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 280 pp." title="The Butterflies of Canada." year="1998">Layberry et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="NCC, (National Capital Commission)" journalOrPublisher="W. D. Lepper, Hanover" pageId="50" pageNumber="145" publicationUrl="http://www.canadascapital.gc.ca/sites/default/files/pubs/Eastern-Red-Cedar-Endangered-Tree-Protected-Gatineau-Park.pdf" refId="B139" refString="NCC, (National Capital Commission), 2011a. The eastern red cedar: an endangered tree protected in Gatineau Park. Capitale, Eardley Escarpment., http://www.canadascapital.gc.ca/sites/default/files/pubs/Eastern-Red-Cedar-Endangered-Tree-Protected-Gatineau-Park.pdf" title="The eastern red cedar: an endangered tree protected in Gatineau Park. Capitale, Eardley Escarpment." url="http://www.canadascapital.gc.ca/sites/default/files/pubs/Eastern-Red-Cedar-Endangered-Tree-Protected-Gatineau-Park.pdf" year="2011 a">NCC 2011a</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="113">
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Since
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="F. E. Melsheimer" baseAuthorityYear="1847" class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atomarius">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="113">Pachybrachis atomarius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has not been collected in eastern Canada over the last 50 years, it is likely extirpated from the eastern Canadian fauna.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |