346 lines
35 KiB
XML
346 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.298.4894" ID-PMC="PMC3689106" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-298-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5926FFEB7878FFCD16244219FFA9021F" ID-PubMed="23794883" ID-Zenodo-Dep="577552" ModsDocID="1313-2970-298-1" checkinTime="1451247317302" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pyrcz, Tomasz W., Warren-Gash, Haydon, Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga, Dieuwko Knoop,, Oremans, Philippe & Safian, Szabolcs" docDate="2013" docId="78F9408D783E5758976C67C11F84117F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 298: 1-37" docOrigin="ZooKeys 298" docPubDate="2013-05-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.298.4894" docTitle="Euphaedra sarcoptera subsp. nipponicorum 1965" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="5926FFEB7878FFCD16244219FFA9021F" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="5926FFEB7878FFCD16244219FFA9021F" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and distribution pattern of the African rain forest butterfly genus Euphaedra Huebner sensu stricto with the description of three new subspecies of Euphaedra cyparissa (Cramer) and one of E. sarcoptera (Butler) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae, Adoliadini)" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1668155792272" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomy and distribution pattern of the African rain forest butterfly genus Euphaedra Huebner sensu stricto with the description of three new subspecies of Euphaedra cyparissa (Cramer) and one of E. sarcoptera (Butler) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae, Adoliadini)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pyrcz, Tomasz W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoological Museum of the Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30 - 060 Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Warren-Gash, Haydon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>98 Overstrand Mansions, Prince of Wales Drive, London SW 11 4 EU</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoological Museum of the Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30 - 060 Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dieuwko Knoop,</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Rijsberkamperweg 7, 8392 TP Boyl, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Oremans, Philippe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>35, rue des Jacinthes, 6110 Montigny - le - Tilleul, Belgique</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Safian, Szabolcs</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, University of West Hungary, Sopron, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2013-05-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>298</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>37</mods:end>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.298.4894</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.298.4894</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-298-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">5926FFEB7878FFCD16244219FFA9021F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">577552</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<subSection lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="results">
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182235553" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:78F9408D783E5758976C67C11F84117F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/78F9408D783E5758976C67C11F84117F" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName LSID="78F9408D-783E-5758-976C-67C11F84117F" authority="(Carcasson), 1965" authorityName="" authorityYear="1965" baseAuthorityName="Carcasson" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euphaedra sarcoptera subsp. nipponicorum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="nipponicorum">Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum (Carcasson), 1965</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Adults, males: A Euphaedra sarcoptera cyparissoides holotype (dorsum) B Euphaedra sarcoptera cyparissoides holotype (venter) C Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo (dorsum) D Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo (venter) E E. sarcoptera sarcoptera-styx cline, Mount Swa, Liberia (dorsum) F E. sarcoptera sarcoptera-styx cline, Mount Swa, Liberia (venter)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20996" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 6C, 6D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Adults, females: A Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Kigoma, Tanzania (dorsum) B Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Kigoma, Tanzania (venter) C Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo (dorsum) D Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo (venter) E Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo (dorsum) F Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo (venter)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20999" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">, 8A-F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Male genitalia (in lateral view, aedeagus extracted): A Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera Bibiani, Ghana B Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo C Euphaedra sarcoptera styx Tai, Ivory Coast D Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo E Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Mont Nimba, Guinea F Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/21002" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">, 11B, 11D, 11F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Female genitalia (in lateral view): A Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Kigoma, Tanzania B Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Mont Nimba, Guinea C Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/21003" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">, 12A, 12C</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Carcasson" authorityYear="1965" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Najadaceae" genus="Najas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Helobiae" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="nipponicorum">Najas sarcoptera nipponicorum</taxonomicName>
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Carcasson, 1965: 132, fig. 4.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="" authorityYear="1965" baseAuthorityName="Carcasson" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="nipponicorum">Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum</taxonomicName>
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(Carcasson);
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<bibRefCitation author="Ackery, PR" journalOrPublisher="CSIRO, Australia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="B1" refString="Ackery, PR, Smith, LR, Vane-Wright, RI, 1995. Carcasson's African Butterflies. CSIRO, Australia, 803 pp." title="Carcasson's African Butterflies." year="1995">Ackery et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 414.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="type-locality">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Type-locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ititye Camp, Mihuno, 25 miles east of Kigoma, Western Province, Tanzania.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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3 ♀: Kasye Forest, Kigoma, Tanzania, III.1990, leg. local dealer, ex coll. P. Boyer, MZUJ; 3 ♂: R.C.A., Bangui, C.A.R., VIII.2000, S. Collins leg.; 1 ♂: R.C.A., Bangui, IX.2000, S. Collins leg., 2 ♂ and 1 ♀: R.C.A., Bangui, IV.2004, S. Collins leg.; 1 ♂: R.C.A., Bomoloto, R. Longamp, VII.1985, S. Collins leg.; 2 ♀: R.C.A., Bangui, VIII.2000, S. Collins leg.; 1 ♀: R.C.A., I.2004, S. Collins leg.; 2 ♂: R.D.C. (NW), Lukolela, Congo River, V.2012; 11 ♂ and 10 ♀: Tanzania, ABRI; 1 ♂: Congo, Province de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Equateur">l'Equateur</normalizedToken>
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, Mbandaka, 12.II.1998, prep. genit. 01/04.12.2012, J. Lorenc; 1 ♂: same data, prep. genit. 05/04.1.2012, J. Lorenc; 1 ♀: same data but XII.1997, prep. genit. 08/04.12.2012, J. Lorenc; 1 ♂: Congo, Province de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Equateur">l'Equateur</normalizedToken>
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, Environ de Mbandaka - Kuluboku, 27.IV.1995, prep. genit. 06/04.1.2012, J. Lorenc; 1 ♀: same data but 15.XI.1995, prep. genit. 07/04.12.2012, J. Lorenc; 1 ♂: Congo, Province de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Equateur">l'Equateur</normalizedToken>
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, Lukolela, 26.X.1993, prep. genit. 03/04.12.2012, J. Lorenc; 1 ♂: same data but 27.X.1993, prep. genit. 04/04.12.2012, J. Lorenc; 1 ♂: same data but XI.1993, PhO; 1 ♂: Sandoa, Katanga, R.D.C., Sandoa, 16.I.1991; 1 ♂: same data but 30.X.1920; 1 ♂: Kafakumba, Katanga, R.D.C., VII.1939; F.G. Overlaet leg.; 2 ♂: same data but II.1939; 1 ♂: same data but IX.1933; 1 ♂: Kinda, Katanga, R.D.C., 31.III.1916; 1 ♂: same data but 31.VIII.1916; 1 ♂: Montamba, 24.V.1916; 1 ♂:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kondué">Kondue</normalizedToken>
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, East Kasai, R.D.C., no date, E. Luja leg.; 1 ♂: Tshilolo, Sankuru, East Kasai, 10.III.1951, Dr. Vallard leg.; 1 ♀: Kafakumba, Katanga, R.D.C., II.1939, F. G. Overlaet leg.; 1 ♀: same data but III.1939; 1 ♀: same data but IV.1939; 1 ♀: same data but IX.1933; 1 ♀: Kinda, 27.II.1916, F. G. Overlaet leg., MRAC.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Upperside ground colour golden yellow, same as in
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ferrea</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Male</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Adults, males: A Euphaedra sarcoptera cyparissoides holotype (dorsum) B Euphaedra sarcoptera cyparissoides holotype (venter) C Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo (dorsum) D Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo (venter) E E. sarcoptera sarcoptera-styx cline, Mount Swa, Liberia (dorsum) F E. sarcoptera sarcoptera-styx cline, Mount Swa, Liberia (venter)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20996" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 6C, 6D</figureCitation>
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): Head, thorax and abdomen same as in of the nominate subspecies. Wings: FW (length: 37-43 mm, mean: 40,3 mm, n=18) with an elongated apical part, and gently convex outer margin; most of wing surface black; costa from base to apex dusted with dark blue; a golden yellow area with a light green
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<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="start">suffusion</pageBreakToken>
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from wing base to two-thirds of anal margin, covering lower half of discal cell; black postbasal and mid discal cell black round spots connected to black costal area; a large, elongated golden yellow subapical patch, extending from subcosta costa, progressively widening to space M2-M3, then narrowing and reaching to vein Cu1, with an irregular basal limit marked by an incision along vein M3, and a diffused outer limit, not reaching outer margin; fringes grey and black. HWD subtriangular with a gently scalloped outer margin; golden yellow, from Rs to costal margin dull brown; submarginal and marginal area black with a strong blue sheen, gradually narrowing from costa, where some 4 mm wide, to tornus, where greenish-blue takes over black and leaves one black spot in Cu1-Cu2 free; fringes grey and black. FWV green yellow, except for diffuse are in mid cell Cu2-1A-2A where free of green and in subapical area where forming a large patch shaped as on the upperside; basal to median area purple; a series of black patches, a rounded postbasal spot, a wide mid cell bar, a similar bar along discal cell distal margin, a series of four, moon-shaped patches along basal limit of a diffused subapical light yellow area, a large moon-shaped patch in mid cell Cu1-Cu2 coupled with a minute spot in Cu2-1A-2A, and a series of submarginal patches, five small from costa to cell M3-Cu1 and two large, roughly oval, in Cu1-Cu2 and Cu2-1A-2A. HWV golden yellow, with an elongated basal purple patch extending from costal margin to Rs to one-fourth costa, edged with black; six to seven black median spots, three or four of which in discal cell, and a row of eight large, roughly oval black submarginal patches; marginal area darker bottle green and black.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Male genitalia</emphasis>
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: (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Male genitalia (in lateral view, aedeagus extracted): A Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera Bibiani, Ghana B Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo C Euphaedra sarcoptera styx Tai, Ivory Coast D Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo E Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Mont Nimba, Guinea F Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/21002" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 11B, 11D, 11F</figureCitation>
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) Tegumen same length as uncus, with a dome-like dorsal surface; uncus stout, more so than in other subspecies, slightly arched, with a sharp tip pointing downwards; gnathos long, same length as uncus; pedunculus prominent; saccus flattened in lateral view; valvae with a smooth dorsal surface with a blunt distal extremity ending with a small tip; aedeagus as long as valvae tubular and straight, with a sharp distal extremity, longer than in the nominate subspecies or
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">styx</emphasis>
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, approaching the length of
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">nimbta</emphasis>
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,and prominent cornuti.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Female</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Adults, females: A Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Kigoma, Tanzania (dorsum) B Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Kigoma, Tanzania (venter) C Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo (dorsum) D Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo (venter) E Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo (dorsum) F Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo (venter)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20999" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 8A-F</figureCitation>
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): Sexual dimorphism slight except for the larger size of the female (FW length: 40-51 mm, mean: 47,5 mm, n=10).
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Female genitalia</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Female genitalia (in lateral view): A Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Kigoma, Tanzania B Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Mont Nimba, Guinea C Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/21003" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 12A, 12C</figureCitation>
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): Bursa copulatrix very large, larger than the rest of genital body, oval, no signa; ductus bursae wide, of same width throughout, one-third the length of bursa; colliculum short and weakly sclerotized; ductus seminalis joins the colliculum at the entrance of ductus bursae; lamella postvaginalis very small, slat-like; papillae anales three times as long as wide in lateral view, compressed in ventral view, apophyse posteriores one and half as long as the width of papillae anales; von Siebold organ prominent.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20999" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 8.</emphasis>
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Adults, females:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="" authorityYear="1965" baseAuthorityName="Carcasson" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="nipponicorum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Kigoma, Tanzania (dorsum)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="" authorityYear="1965" baseAuthorityName="Carcasson" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="nipponicorum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Kigoma, Tanzania (venter)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="" authorityYear="1965" baseAuthorityName="Carcasson" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="nipponicorum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Mbandaka, Congo (dorsum)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">D</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="" authorityYear="1965" baseAuthorityName="Carcasson" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="nipponicorum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Mbandaka, Congo (venter)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="" authorityYear="1965" baseAuthorityName="Carcasson" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="nipponicorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mbandaka, Congo (dorsum)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="" authorityYear="1965" baseAuthorityName="Carcasson" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="nipponicorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mbandaka, Congo (venter).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/21000" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia (in lateral view, aedeagus extracted):
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="cyparissa" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cyparissa" subSpecies="cyparissa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euphaedra cyparissa cyparissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Guma, Sierra Leone
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hecq" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cyparissa" subSpecies="tai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euphaedra cyparissa tai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Tai, Ivory Coast
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pyrcz & Warren-Gash" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cyparissa" subSpecies="nimbina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euphaedra cyparissa nimbina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mont Nimba, Guinea
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pyrcz & Oremans" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cyparissa" subSpecies="aurantina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euphaedra cyparissa aurantina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Abengourou, Ivory Coast
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cyparissa" subSpecies="aurata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euphaedra cyparissa aurata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ebogo, Cameroon
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pyrcz & Knoop" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cyparissa" subSpecies="nominalina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euphaedra cyparissa nominalina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bangui, Central African Republic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/21001" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Female genitalia (in lateral view):
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pyrcz & Oremans" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cyparissa" subSpecies="aurantina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euphaedra cyparissa aurantina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mpasso, Ghana
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">cyparissa aurantina</emphasis>
|
||
Abengourou, Ivory Coast; 1 ♂: S. Nigeria, Ewohimi, 29.XI.55, J. Boorman; 1 ♂: no label; 2 ♂: Cameroon, Ebogo, Mbalmayo, X.2001; 1 ♂: Cameroon
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pyrcz & Warren-Gash" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cyparissa" subSpecies="nimbina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euphaedra cyparissa nimbina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mont Nimba, Guinea
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hecq" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cyparissa" subSpecies="tai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euphaedra cyparissa tai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Tai, Ivory Coast
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cyparissa" subSpecies="aurata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euphaedra cyparissa aurata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Obudu, Nigeria
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pyrcz & Knoop" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cyparissa" subSpecies="nominalina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euphaedra cyparissa nominalina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mongorimba, R.C.A.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/21002" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia (in lateral view, aedeagus extracted):
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="sarcoptera" authorityName="sarcoptera (Butler" authorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="sarcoptera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bibiani, Ghana
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="" authorityYear="1965" baseAuthorityName="Carcasson" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="nipponicorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mbandaka, Congo
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Larsen & Warren-Gash" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="styx">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euphaedra sarcoptera styx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Tai, Ivory Coast
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="" authorityYear="1965" baseAuthorityName="Carcasson" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="nipponicorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mbandaka, Congo
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pyrcz & Warren-Gash" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="ferrea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mont Nimba, Guinea
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="" authorityYear="1965" baseAuthorityName="Carcasson" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="nipponicorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mbandaka, Congo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/21003" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Female genitalia (in lateral view):
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="" authorityYear="1965" baseAuthorityName="Carcasson" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="nipponicorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kigoma, Tanzania
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pyrcz & Warren-Gash" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="ferrea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mont Nimba, Guinea
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="" authorityYear="1965" baseAuthorityName="Carcasson" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="nipponicorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mbandaka, Congo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/21004" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution map:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
|
||
West Africa, west of the Dahomey Gap
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">B</emphasis>
|
||
West Africa east of the Dahomey Gap, and central Africa
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
|
||
Congo Basin
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="range">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Range.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
This subspecies was described from the now largely destroyed Kasye forest in western Tanzania. It is however widely distributed across the Congo Basin south to Katanga (Shaba). The individuals coming from the area of Mbandaka in the western part of the Congo Basin are attributable to this subspecies. They present however an unusual, apparently individual variation in the ground colour of the upperside, ranging from orange-yellow, through typically golden yellow to yellow with a strong green overcast. Such an apparent individual variation, quite common in some species
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="26" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sensu" subSpecies="lato">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Euphaedra sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has been also observed in the Mount Swa population of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarcoptera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Euphaedra sarcoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We refrain from further actions until more thorough sampling in the western Congo Basin confirms the differently patterned individuals are either syntopic or represent parapatric subspecies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |