203 lines
19 KiB
XML
203 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e5e47a0-f8f3-4039-b0e1-c159fef0b9f6" ID-PMC="PMC4714384" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-544-1" ID-PubMed="26798289" ID-ZBK="C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-544-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 544" ModsDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" checkinTime="1451243640953" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2015" docId="6ACDF31F5DA2370F9FF27DBF5814C96E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 544: 1-407" docOrigin="ZooKeys 544" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" docTitle="Mecyclothorax kipahulu Liebherr, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="BE581D50-3084-4EC3-A510-0A59383095F0" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="233" masterDocId="FF92FFC2FF9FFFC7191EFFB8FF91AF5D" masterDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" masterLastPageNumber="407" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="230" updateTime="1668162300918" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>544</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>407</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-544-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127853635" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BE581D50-3084-4EC3-A510-0A59383095F0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6ACDF31F5DA2370F9FF27DBF5814C96E" lastPageId="232" lastPageNumber="233" pageId="229" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="229" pageNumber="230" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="229" pageNumber="230">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="229" pageNumber="230" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="229" pageNumber="230">
|
||
(094)
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/BE581D50-3084-4EC3-A510-0A59383095F0" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax kipahulu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="229" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kipahulu">Mecyclothorax kipahulu</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="229" pageNumber="230">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Figs 117D, 118D, 121, 122A, 123
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 124
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="230" lastPageNumber="231" pageId="229" pageNumber="230" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="229" pageNumber="230">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="230" lastPageNumber="231" pageId="229" pageNumber="230">
|
||
Individual of this species can be diagnosed from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax kaumakani" order="Coleoptera" pageId="229" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaumakani">Mecyclothorax kaumakani</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax kuiki" order="Coleoptera" pageId="229" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuiki">Mecyclothorax kuiki</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the less developed elytral microsculpture. The elytral intervals are glossy, with only indistinct transverse lines, at most, visible over portions of the glossy cuticle. The male aedeagal median lobe has a short apex that is narrowed from the ostial opening to a rounded tip (Fig. 123
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
). The median lobe internal sac is divided
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="230" pageNumber="231" start="start">into</pageBreakToken>
|
||
a shorter, broader basal lobe and a longer, thinner apical lobe (Fig. 123C). Setal formula 2 0 1 0. Standardized body length 4.1-5.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="230" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="230" pageNumber="231">
|
||
Figure 123. Male aedeagus,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax vitreus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="230" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitreus">Mecyclothorax vitreus</taxonomicName>
|
||
group species (for abbreviations see Table 2, p. 23).
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax kipahulu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="230" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kipahulu">Mecyclothorax kipahulu</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
Right, ventral, and right with sac everted views (Kīpahulu, 1950 m) D Right view (Kīpahulu, 1800 m) E Right view (Kīpahulu, 1500 m)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="F–L">F-L</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax kaumakani" order="Coleoptera" pageId="230" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaumakani">Mecyclothorax kaumakani</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="F–H">F-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
Right and right with sac everted views (Kaumakani, 1120-1150 m)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–J">I-J</normalizedToken>
|
||
Right views. I (Kīpahulu W rim, 1850 m) J (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pu‘u">Pu'u</normalizedToken>
|
||
Ahulili, 1600 m)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="K–L">K-L</normalizedToken>
|
||
Right and ventral views (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pu‘u">Pu'u</normalizedToken>
|
||
Ahulili, 1600 m).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="232" lastPageNumber="233" pageId="230" pageNumber="231" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="230" pageNumber="231">Description</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="231" lastPageNumber="232" pageId="230" pageNumber="231">
|
||
(n = 5). [The above description of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax kipwilli" order="Coleoptera" pageId="230" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kipwilli">Mecyclothorax kipwilli</taxonomicName>
|
||
can serve to describe this species with the following substitutions.] Eyes more convex than in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax kipwilli" order="Coleoptera" pageId="230" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kipwilli">Mecyclothorax kipwilli</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="231" pageNumber="232" start="start">ocular</pageBreakToken>
|
||
ratio = 1.55-1.59, ocular lobe ratio = 0.79-0.85. Pronotum slightly transverse, MPW/PL = 1.16-1.19, variably constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.56-1.69; median base bearing 13-16 large, isolated punctures each side. Elytra narrowly ellipsoid, lateral margins somewhat projected laterad humeri, MEW/HuW = 2.17-2.36 (a conformation that coincides with the elytral shape of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax kaumakani" order="Coleoptera" pageId="231" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaumakani">Mecyclothorax kaumakani</taxonomicName>
|
||
, MEW/HuW = 2.10-2.27, and is broader basally, though not diagnostically so, than the elytra of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax kipwilli" order="Coleoptera" pageId="231" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kipwilli">Mecyclothorax kipwilli</taxonomicName>
|
||
, MEW/HuW = 2.32-2.44, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax kuiki" order="Coleoptera" pageId="231" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuiki">Mecyclothorax kuiki</taxonomicName>
|
||
, MEW/HuW = 2.30-2.39). Mesepisternum with ~8-10 punctures in 2 rows; metathoracic flight wing a narrow strap 1.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
long as broad, remnant M vein present; strap not reaching hind margin of metanotum. Coloration of vertex rufous with piceous cast; pronotal disc rufopiceous, margins narrowly paler, rufous; elytral disc glossy rufopiceous, sutural interval rufous basally and apically, concolorous on disc.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="231" pageNumber="232">
|
||
Male genitalia (n = 14). Aedeagal median lobe moderately robust, shaft curved, dorsal margin convex near apex of ostial opening, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–3.4×">-3.4x</normalizedToken>
|
||
depth at midlength (Fig. 123A,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
); apical extension parallel sided, the tip evenly rounded; median lobe nearly straight in ventral view, the tip curved rightward, dorsal margin visible behind and to the left of curved tip (Fig. 123B), internal sac with large broad basal lobe, and narrower, more elongate apical lobe bearing the flagellar plate (Figs 123C, 124), sac surface covered with variously pigmented microspicules, but without distinct microtrichial patches; flagellar plate small, length 0.29
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
parameral articulation-tip distance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="231" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="231" pageNumber="232">
|
||
Figure 124. Male aedeagus of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax kipahulu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="231" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kipahulu">Mecyclothorax kipahulu</taxonomicName>
|
||
in situ (Kīpahulu Vy., 1845m), ventral view, with internal sac partially everted (for abbreviations see Table 2, p. 23; apex = aedeagal apex). Aedeagus everts to left of body, and internal sac everts toward right side of aedeagal median lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="232" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="232" pageNumber="233" start="start">Based</pageBreakToken>
|
||
on aedeagal conformation,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax kipwilli" order="Coleoptera" pageId="232" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kipwilli">Mecyclothorax kipwilli</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 120),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax kipahulu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="232" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kipahulu">Mecyclothorax kipahulu</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 123
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax kaumakani" order="Coleoptera" pageId="232" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaumakani">Mecyclothorax kaumakani</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 123
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="F–L">F-L</normalizedToken>
|
||
) comprise a triplet of closely related species. All have males with median lobes that are robust in breadth, distinctly curved, and have dorsoventrally broad, truncate apices. Males of all three species possess aedeagal internal sacs with both apical and basal lobes (Figs 120G, 123C, G), however in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax kipahulu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="232" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kipahulu">Mecyclothorax kipahulu</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax kaumakani" order="Coleoptera" pageId="232" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaumakani">Mecyclothorax kaumakani</taxonomicName>
|
||
males, the basal lobe approaches or exceeds the size of the plesiomorphically present apical lobe that bears the flagellar plate, supporting adelphotaxon status for these species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="232" pageNumber="233">
|
||
Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with rounded apex, length 0.84 mm, apical breadth 0.34 mm, maximum breadth 0.43 mm (Fig. 117D); bursal walls thickly wrinkled at midlength, more finely wrinkled apically; gonocoxite 1 with 2-4 apical fringe setae, a curved seta at medioapical angle and 5-6 smaller setae along medial surface (Fig. 118D); gonocoxite 2 falcate, apex subacuminate, base broadly extended laterally with curved terminus, 2 elongate lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.69
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
gonocoxite length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="232" pageNumber="233" type="holotype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="232" pageNumber="233">Holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="232" pageNumber="233">
|
||
Male (BPBM) dissected and labeled: HAWAII: Maui I (E): / Haleakala Nat. Park / Kipahulu Valley / 1525 m, 25-XI-1980 // Sweeping // Rain forest understory // W.C.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gagné">Gagne</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Coll. / BISHOP Museum / Acc. #1980.545 //
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax" order="Coleoptera" pageId="232" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mecyclothorax</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="kipahulu" pageId="232" pageNumber="233" rank="species" species="kipahulu">kipahulu</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ ♂ #61 / det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE /
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax" order="Coleoptera" pageId="232" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mecyclothorax</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="kipahulu" pageId="232" pageNumber="233" rank="species" species="kipahulu">kipahulu</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="232" pageNumber="233" type="paratypes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="232" pageNumber="233">Paratypes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="232" pageNumber="233">138 specimens (see Appendix).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="232" pageNumber="233" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="232" pageNumber="233">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="232" pageNumber="233">
|
||
This species is given the epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="kipahulu" pageId="232" pageNumber="233" rank="species" species="kipahulu">kipahulu</taxonomicName>
|
||
in reference to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kīpahulu">Kīpahulu</normalizedToken>
|
||
Valley, home to Laka, a god of canoe makers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pukui, MK" journalOrPublisher="University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu" pageId="309" pageNumber="310" title="Place Names of Hawai'i" year="1974">Pukui et al. 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and within whose boundaries this species lives (Fig. 121).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="232" pageNumber="233" type="distribution and habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="232" pageNumber="233">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="232" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax kipahulu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="232" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kipahulu">Mecyclothorax kipahulu</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed within
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kīpahulu">Kīpahulu</normalizedToken>
|
||
Valley from 1300-2045 m elevation (Fig. 121), with its distribution parapatrically adjacent to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax kaumakani" order="Coleoptera" pageId="232" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaumakani">Mecyclothorax kaumakani</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax kipwilli" order="Coleoptera" pageId="232" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kipwilli">Mecyclothorax kipwilli</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax kuiki" order="Coleoptera" pageId="232" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuiki">Mecyclothorax kuiki</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The upper portion of the species distribution comprises older Kula volcanics (150-750 Ka), whereas the lower elevation portion of the distribution lies on
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hāna">Hana</normalizedToken>
|
||
Volcanic flow Qhn2, dated 11,000 years ago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sherrod, DR" journalOrPublisher="U. S. Geological Survey" pageId="310" pageNumber="311" title="Geologic Map of the State of Hawai'i, Sheet 7, Island of Maui" url="http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1089/" year="2007">Sherrod et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Occurring at higher elevations in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kīpahulu">Kīpahulu</normalizedToken>
|
||
, the host substrate records all involve
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘ōhi‘a">'ōhi'a</normalizedToken>
|
||
, with other means of collecting including sifting leaf and moss litter, and beating vegetation at night.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |