211 lines
29 KiB
XML
211 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="EA09DF9E7BF1A9D31252B42B94257F20" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bb933c13-3ebb-44fb-9934-0e9719ba6a58" ModsDocID="z01166p057" checkinTime="1247228369600" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Carlos David de Santana & William G. R. Crampton" docDate="2006" docId="422FF47F98BCE3B90D8E31DEF14D413E" docLanguage="en" docName="2006_de_Santana_Crampton_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1166" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9F94D386-15AE-424A-88C9-4169AB93DB60" docTitle="Sternarchorhynchus curumim Santana & Crampton, 2006, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="F9A7E9E6C9D6C3D9BC56C867DC4F6C54" masterDocTitle="Sternarchorhynchus curumim (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae), a new species of tube-snouted ghost electric knifefish from the lowland Amazon basin, Brazil." masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1701326144552" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A27D0CAE9F74359B6AE4731173E0174E">
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<mods:title id="D385169203DA0E6710815B47E3247EC0">Sternarchorhynchus curumim (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae), a new species of tube-snouted ghost electric knifefish from the lowland Amazon basin, Brazil.</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7B2285D038AA9CE2D8951E4DE56C3C21" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="85F5D78F79BC79A5E3F99A0FF7367E79">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2A82079AF276126E9501D0CD327028A3">Carlos David de Santana</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B356E0785F3FCFFDAE9393805E9A95A3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="CA875FA3C37F10A074C2CE3F8EFA935A">William G. R. Crampton</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="354CAD84166FA167E84B9432FE76883E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="20C81D882804712BDE4F9AAFB47CA6E3">
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<mods:title id="BEED93E12D7F2EFC819284AE52996DDF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="7EBE7F95BDAA82C3714B5D8622C19148">
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<mods:date id="6F385F0C908D3631C38DA9337225EF64">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="F3AACFFE8DF53F618EF3A13D95839E7F" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A375F306B46D294C8564E500B4E508E0">1166</mods:number>
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<mods:location id="F1B90ACCE16C5ABAB4EA94227D231FFB">
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<mods:url id="32D4B7C0412499C67EC43DF688476384">http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9F94D386-15AE-424A-88C9-4169AB93DB60</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="333DBBADFB6741C8FC465283BDC303C0">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6364E48724820319F9DCC51F7D6AB9AC" type="Plazi-Custom">z01166p057</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="422FF47F98BCE3B90D8E31DEF14D413E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6263780" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100123746" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6263780" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9020B2B1-A494-4803-844C-74FD21615FD0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/422FF47F98BCE3B90D8E31DEF14D413E" lastPageNumber="64" pageNumber="59">
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<subSubSection id="F2AF762872DAD68C2FD74B31BA15D807" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0100EEBD337D5F81A2D5384EE47E494D" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName id="288DC54962BB25A931ECC2CC51507184" ID-CoL="52F2F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9020B2B1-A494-4803-844C-74FD21615FD0" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus curumim de Santana & Crampton 2006" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curumim">Sternarchorhynchus curumim</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="2E037DC50F55EEC71E629B39BDF101B2" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BDDE7BBF67B96DF68525D693DE3FAB87" type="description">
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<paragraph id="46AC09E1D5F5506C02C8F710E3DEB9FD" pageNumber="59">Figure 1, Table 1</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="23F9834143A235478AACFD3EB7FF639C" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AF02BB8D6AC07D78A6683E736C956346" pageNumber="59">
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<materialsCitation id="ABF7687CD3D8B8441C9B423969F09FEE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923904502" country="Brazil" stateProvince="Amazonas">
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<typeStatus id="DAF81D9306C91DC80DCC49121072CDCF">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectionCode id="A386D1BCAD5697D83A505475F6898A4C" collectionName="MCP">MCP</collectionCode>
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38304 (
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<collectionCode id="21B76E2DB6EBD028B6F788C2C6474B1D" collectionName="WGRC">WGRC</collectionCode>
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50.231099, female, 163 mm),
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<collectingCountry id="BB18EA9811C1C7122884DF3C6D497075">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="7BAC87A95BED330558E26101171BEB17">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
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, Rio
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<normalizedToken id="0A090305588A20B5925BFD9BA9FDA49A" originalValue="Tefé">Tefe</normalizedToken>
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, Toco Preto, trawl sample, Municipality of
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<normalizedToken id="BB68634E8738F491EC79034A1E2510EE" originalValue="Tefé">Tefe</normalizedToken>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="F794D8C03F5DDF7AC17655CDCB00CE70" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-3.7885">03°47.31’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="2257F5EFF9B1F4739BA3DF784E1ED7B0" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-64.9985">64°59.91’W</geoCoordinate>
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, collected by W. Crampton,
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<date id="CCD56F43D0F94F734862BB422B1332EA" day="23" month="10" value="1999-10-23" year="1999">23 Oct 1999</date>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6D58F21733BC1295EA48B2323219C9D9" country="Brazil" pageNumber="59">
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<materialsCitation id="BAD1DA4B76595700200D21D8FFE80736" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923904510" country="Brazil" stateProvince="Amazonas">
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<typeStatus id="813012E3978FF1AEFB45FF25736892DE">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectionCode id="9DCC8847206089A005FAFAE672E0E082" collectionName="Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazoonia, Colecao Sistematica da Entomologia">INPA</collectionCode>
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25256, (1 female c&s, 211 mm), same locality as holotype, collected by W. Crampton,
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<date id="4899F37BEDC2E09EBB878894E09DE02B" day="24" month="10" value="1999-10-24" year="1999">24 Oct 1999</date>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="F0F9BDE9FF35C8E4EC4100ECFF1DD5F4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923904516" country="Brazil" stateProvince="Amazonas">
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<collectionCode id="77256E5CF4196F9395563B0F1045BEB7" collectionName="MCP">MCP</collectionCode>
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38305 (2: female 181 mm, male 183 mm), same locality as holotype, collected by W. Crampton, 24-
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<date id="66FE3A1099C58455AFD5CCCFC9F297CF" day="25" month="10" value="1999-10-25" year="1999">25 Oct 1999</date>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="67655690D46A4A7B4B1254E28B0C5E56" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="969DDEB7D59ECD737B4CA1DB1BD5C772" lastPageNumber="60" pageNumber="59">
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Diagnosis.
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<taxonomicName id="3970C17B01517F889E32B302CBDB3999" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9020B2B1-A494-4803-844C-74FD21615FD0" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus curumim de Santana & Crampton 2006" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curumim">Sternarchorhynchus curumim</taxonomicName>
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is diagnosed as a member of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="84426AAF36A09C0B7292ED56F87B1770" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6F85136B-D848-4991-BCE1-D75B760B078E" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus Castelnau 1855:91, 95" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sternarchorhynchus</taxonomicName>
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by anguloarticular, and endopterygoid bones elongate, five to 10 times longer than deep in specimens larger than 100 mm TL; anterior process of maxilla unossified; orbitosphenoid narrow, with unossified anterior margin; five branchiostegal rays; and Meckel’s cartilage lost or greatly reduced (Campos-da-Paz, 2000).
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<taxonomicName id="D3B9EDD2564B9A1D47CF960B55E19346" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9020B2B1-A494-4803-844C-74FD21615FD0" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus curumim de Santana & Crampton 2006" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curumim">Sternarchorhynchus curumim</taxonomicName>
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is diagnosed from congeners by the following combination of characters: head and mid-dorsum as dark as dorsolateral areas (four specimens examined) (Fig. 1) (vs. white or yellow pigments along head and mid-dorsum forming long pale stripe in
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<taxonomicName id="41B1FCAE89237E46781A11E9F44CCC14" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:62B16178-E1F4-4C87-AB95-88450FD16169" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus roseni Mago-Leccia 1994:99" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseni">S. roseni</taxonomicName>
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; this character appears to be polymorphic in
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<taxonomicName id="B1F5FEC8457606241CD90C0D6ED8731B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E2C0D2EB-9CE4-4F48-AF53-550D0F9F9E98" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus britskii Campos-da-Paz 2000:528" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="britskii">S. britskii</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="AB9B26A3B8635B2EF24A00F688A64709" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curvirostris">S. curvirostris</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="9425A1DE782739899F4DEAE6BD8DF1BE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:902B8800-F38B-4AAE-8FC7-DFAAF24C0800" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus mesensis Campos-da-Paz 2000:531" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mesensis">S. mesensis</taxonomicName>
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(Campos-da-Paz, 2000: 527)); anal and pectoral fins translucent, without conspicuous distal dark margins (vs. dark margins in
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<taxonomicName id="21444118A461B7F0D6740C9A8B2F159D" genus="Sternarchorhychus" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="mormyrus">S. mormyrus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="166134BBD9491DB405361755778B9777" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxyrhynchus">S. oxyrhynchus</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="A2CCBB899AD173CF8662294119FF7202" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:62B16178-E1F4-4C87-AB95-88450FD16169" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus roseni Mago-Leccia 1994:99" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseni">S. roseni</taxonomicName>
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); 10-11 scales above lateral line at mid-body (vs. 11-17 in
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<taxonomicName id="F5A4E0081CCDBE058CBC611CABC19FEB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E2C0D2EB-9CE4-4F48-AF53-550D0F9F9E98" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus britskii Campos-da-Paz 2000:528" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="britskii">S. britskii</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="DC79A1C08CFD09223ADC0445E4CAE97E" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curvirostris">S. curvirostris</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="819427484415BB489D2E74132A34A2D5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:902B8800-F38B-4AAE-8FC7-DFAAF24C0800" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus mesensis Campos-da-Paz 2000:531" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mesensis">S. mesensis</taxonomicName>
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, and 5-8
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<taxonomicName id="9F03D62E82B5D34E7B386F85530CA7AE" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxyrhynchus">S. oxyrhynchus</taxonomicName>
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); 23-24 anterior unbranched anal-fin rays (vs. 18-22 in
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<taxonomicName id="BB4D6DB19F580436350A5E46889F21C1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E2C0D2EB-9CE4-4F48-AF53-550D0F9F9E98" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus britskii Campos-da-Paz 2000:528" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="britskii">S. britskii</taxonomicName>
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); 179-189 total anal-fin rays (vs. 213-227 in
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<taxonomicName id="44DD8147CA35D9BB21E1A202072FE6BB" genus="Sternarchorhychus" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="mormyrus">S. mormyrus</taxonomicName>
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, 209-221
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<taxonomicName id="A127F008CC1352EA25072B10C4267AC3" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxyrhynchus">S. oxyrhynchus</taxonomicName>
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, and 187-215
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<taxonomicName id="847B35DA65139FD76DDECD753EB90496" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:62B16178-E1F4-4C87-AB95-88450FD16169" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus roseni Mago-Leccia 1994:99" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseni">S. roseni</taxonomicName>
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); greatest body depth 9.0- 10.0% of length to end of anal fin (LEA) (vs. 10.0-14.5% in
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<taxonomicName id="2789B37E306DEF5E98221331FFFCC037" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E2C0D2EB-9CE4-4F48-AF53-550D0F9F9E98" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus britskii Campos-da-Paz 2000:528" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="britskii">S. britskii</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="2FA24A6B32247A06A16188EC8F72BD31" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:902B8800-F38B-4AAE-8FC7-DFAAF24C0800" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus mesensis Campos-da-Paz 2000:531" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mesensis">S. mesensis</taxonomicName>
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); mouth length 3.5-5.6% of head length (HL) (vs. 5.9-9.6% in
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<taxonomicName id="5EA9E98173A636E368A5C1EAE10AF573" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E2C0D2EB-9CE4-4F48-AF53-550D0F9F9E98" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus britskii Campos-da-Paz 2000:528" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="britskii">S. britskii</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="5FB0E78E546BE7A3AD509062819309B9" genus="Sternarchorhychus" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="mormyrus">S. mormyrus</taxonomicName>
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); internarinal distance 2.4-2.8 % of HL (vs. 3.1-5.8 in
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<taxonomicName id="455C48A1737D689DC2312F1906A0308A" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curvirostris">S. curvirostris</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="8EE54B4056FF71FA69CB595C86EA24D0" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:902B8800-F38B-4AAE-8FC7-DFAAF24C0800" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus mesensis Campos-da-Paz 2000:531" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mesensis">S. mesensis</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="C8DFDA60369D36F990CB8E4E201920FD" genus="Sternarchorhychus" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="mormyrus">S. mormyrus</taxonomicName>
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); branchial opening 11.7-12.9% of HL (vs. 13.1-17.9% in
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<taxonomicName id="1EABC1428DF8903BDBBCFC80CF0B33C8" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E2C0D2EB-9CE4-4F48-AF53-550D0F9F9E98" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus britskii Campos-da-Paz 2000:528" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="britskii">S. britskii</taxonomicName>
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); postocular distance 33.6-39.2% of HL (vs. 40.0-50.5% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="719FBE145C049E2D3CE3D2EA1F887B7D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E2C0D2EB-9CE4-4F48-AF53-550D0F9F9E98" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus britskii Campos-da-Paz 2000:528" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="britskii">S. britskii</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAE5D0743457107D075BF430787214DD" genus="Sternarchorhychus" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="mormyrus">S. mormyrus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); prepectoral distance 18.3-20.6% of LEA (vs. 21.4-23.8% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D0760BC87707FAE345E49390961CA9E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:902B8800-F38B-4AAE-8FC7-DFAAF24C0800" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus mesensis Campos-da-Paz 2000:531" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mesensis">S. mesensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
); tail length (CL) 19.5-25.2% of LEA (vs. 5.9-14.3% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8A361D2AC6F185B2CFBE30239EB5D26D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E2C0D2EB-9CE4-4F48-AF53-550D0F9F9E98" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus britskii Campos-da-Paz 2000:528" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="britskii">S. britskii</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2444A9DA4AC982A9C0A1C485E1232497" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:902B8800-F38B-4AAE-8FC7-DFAAF24C0800" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus mesensis Campos-da-Paz 2000:531" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mesensis">S. mesensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
); tail depth 10.6-11.9% of CL (vs. 18.9-25.0% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B4C808F1C583AA3635FFE03C5A93B35" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E2C0D2EB-9CE4-4F48-AF53-550D0F9F9E98" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus britskii Campos-da-Paz 2000:528" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="britskii">S. britskii</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and 15 precaudal vertebrae (vs. 16-17 in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0169D530C86B982A99EE23B330245F8" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E2C0D2EB-9CE4-4F48-AF53-550D0F9F9E98" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus britskii Campos-da-Paz 2000:528" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="britskii">S. britskii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7F29D4F3B9C729EAB5A44702218A1F86" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:902B8800-F38B-4AAE-8FC7-DFAAF24C0800" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus mesensis Campos-da-Paz 2000:531" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mesensis">S. mesensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F994F2416B1E8C4825D7E1FABA939166" genus="Sternarchorhychus" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="mormyrus">S. mormyrus</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Additional characters used to diagnose all valid described species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A06BF732E50A7AEB8571A2763C2EB386" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6F85136B-D848-4991-BCE1-D75B760B078E" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus Castelnau 1855:91, 95" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sternarchorhynchus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are summarized in Table 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F7F91ED19D6E6833976E92B5A6717453" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="679D7D02F36803D170A9BD7377259664" lastPageNumber="63" pageNumber="62">Description. Morphometric data for holotype and paratypes are presented in Table 1. Body laterally compressed, with greatest body depth at abdominal cavity or a little posterior to this area. Dorsal profile nearly straight. Lateral line extending to tail, but absent on caudal fin. First anterior perforated scale of lateral line above pectoral-fin origin (Fig. 1). Head laterally compressed, widest at opercular region and deepest at nape; snout elongate, compressed and curved downward. Eyes small, located laterally on head, and completely covered by a thin membrane. Anterior nares at end of a small tube, close to tip of snout; posterior ones ellipsoid, without a tube and closer to tip of snout than to eyes. Branchial opening slightly anterior to pectoral-fin origin; branchial membranes joined at isthmus. Anus and urogenital papilla adjacent, ventral, located in a vertical posterior to eyes, does not noticeable move anteriorly with age. Neurocranium partially reticulated. Infraorbital series not ossified. Mesethmoid long and narrow. Lateral ethmoid absent. Premaxillae of small size, somewhat rounded, seven to 10 teeth (n=1). Dentary elongate, a row of seven curved conical teeth (n=1). Meckel’s cartilage greatly reduced. Coronomeckelian bone absent. Anguloarticular elongate. Mouth terminal, rictus not passing a vertical through anterior nares. Endopterygoid thin and long, without teeth or an ascending process connecting orbitosphenoid. Five branchiostegal rays, first, second and third almost filamentous, ventromedial branchiostegals large and broad. Urohyal with trapezoidal head, and well-developed at posterior laminar portion. Basihyal elongate, narrow at base and broad posteriorly, about same size or bigger than first ceratobranchial. First and second basibranchial ossified, posterior ones cartilaginous. Epibranchials one to four ossified, fifth one cartilaginous. Lower pharyngeal tooth plates with six teeth (n=1); upper pharyngeal tooth plates with seven to eight teeth (n=1). Four ossified independent proximal pectoral radials; third postcleithrum not ossified; anterior portion of coracoid reaching anterior edge of cleithrum. Absence of medial ridge on cleithrum, scapula without scapular foramen; supracleithrum and postemporal fused. Pectoral fin elongate, broad and pointed distally, with ii+11-12 rays (n=4). Anal-fin origin anterior to opercular region; 23-24 (n= 2) anterior unbranched anal-fin rays and 179-189 (n= 3) total anal-fin rays. 10-11 (n=4) scales above lateral line at mid-body. Dorsal mid-sagittal electroreceptive filament origin on posterior half of body, and inserted into a narrow middorsal groove, almost extending to, or slightly passing end of anal fin. Tail compressed and short, ending in a small and elongate caudal fin, 13-15 rays (n=3). Number of precaudal vertebrae 15 (12 anterior, three transitional), (n= 4).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB6D591D5022B41D962CD4CAF8EEB0BB" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Secondary sexual dimorphism. Single male specimen with wider snout than in all three female specimens (see Fig. 1). External teeth resembling those known from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FC7AA057558F508394BD9767EAE8FE96" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:62B16178-E1F4-4C87-AB95-88450FD16169" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus roseni Mago-Leccia 1994:99" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseni">S. roseni</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Orinoco basin (Mago Leccia, 1994) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74D20D06802389FCC68E311A85B50BDC" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:62B16178-E1F4-4C87-AB95-88450FD16169" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus roseni Mago-Leccia 1994:99" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseni">S. cf. roseni</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Amazon (PyDaniel& Cox-Fernandes, 2005: 105, fig. 5) were not present in the male specimen. No sexual differences in size or post-cranial morphology were evident.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F438DFB6E07CAEA33C3613B023028B11" pageNumber="63">Coloration in alcohol. Body dark brown; pectoral-fins hyaline to translucent; anal-fin hyaline to translucent; caudal-fin black. Coloration in life is similar, with brown pigments less faded and with a purplish hue.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A88470ED1FEB55BFDCA05270C7CE1EF" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Electric organ discharge. Known from a single sexually mature female (the holotype). Continuous periodic wave-type EOD with biphasic waveform and stable repetition rate of 1168 Hz. Downward inflection in rising voltage above zero line. The EOD of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CD5D392D366BE85193C6038373D3981" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9020B2B1-A494-4803-844C-74FD21615FD0" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus curumim de Santana & Crampton 2006" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curumim">S. curumim</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a harmonic spectral content, with energy concentrated into the fundamental frequency (F0) and higher harmonics (at integer multiples of F0) (Fig. 2). No spontaneous amplitude modulations (‘chirps’) or other EOD modulations (Zakon et al., 2002) were observed during the recording.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7A3C9430E64D76D432DFC42CF0A91EE4" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="1562B8A61AA6092A8D25B111C1C50189" pageNumber="64">
|
||
Ecology.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47B1D6BC2B258C8EBC98CD360DFB1C1D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9020B2B1-A494-4803-844C-74FD21615FD0" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus curumim de Santana & Crampton 2006" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curumim">Sternarchorhynchus curumim</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from the type series captured at depths of 5-14 m in the Rio
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E3452F4F4FA61B3A7CF9D10B325994F7" originalValue="Tefé">Tefe</normalizedToken>
|
||
towards the end of the low-water period. The Rio
|
||
<normalizedToken id="18899032AA7DFFB25C9F56412A3AE324" originalValue="Tefé">Tefe</normalizedToken>
|
||
is a typical nutrient poor blackwater river with low electrical conductivity (6-20 µScm-1). All four specimens were in reproductive condition. The females possessed swollen ovaries containing large yellow globular eggs typical of spawning fish. The male specimen had enlarged white testes typical of a spawning specimen. The stomachs of all specimens contained only autochthonous invertebrates, mainly the larvae of Chironomidae, Coleoptera and Plecoptera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="348DAFE4F5C5A4FC33010751FE71C500" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="DD0F2019559836E5977DEC4D83DA5568" pageNumber="64">
|
||
Distribution. Known only from the type series collected in the lower Rio
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9F36341474451F55CD4CD2032E690C7B" originalValue="Tefé">Tefe</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Amazonas, Brazil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E60277DB4D71CDC6D9AD087DFDA9B8F7" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD73953B4D3375BDB940F5CEC7AEBF1C" pageNumber="64">
|
||
Etymology. The specific epithet is from curumim, the Brazilian Portuguese derivate of the Tupi-Guarani for child, curumi, or
|
||
<normalizedToken id="875FC39FA821B166E99F3A31677A2A37" originalValue="kurumí">kurumi</normalizedToken>
|
||
; referring to the small size of this species. A noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |