treatments-xml/data/41/DE/9F/41DE9F16E4FDD1A9B3E3F225277544B3.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.43.7804" ID-GBIF-Dataset="23f76539-1e71-4f87-b4ff-14044fefd1db" ID-PMC="PMC4233625" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-43-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4C099F0AFF98FFCC5D14FFA25241FFDE" ID-PubMed="25408618" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576253" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1314-2003-43-1" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 43" ModsDocTitle="A revision of PassifloraL.subgenusDecaloba(DC.) Rchb.supersectionCieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal &amp; Feuillet (Passifloraceae)" checkinTime="1451251664511" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Porter-Utley, Kristen" docDate="2014" docId="41DE9F16E4FDD1A9B3E3F225277544B3" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 43: 1-224" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 43" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.43.7804" docTitle="Passiflora sexocellata Schltdl., Linnaea 27: 521. 1854" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="4C099F0AFF98FFCC5D14FFA25241FFDE" lastPageNumber="120" masterDocId="4C099F0AFF98FFCC5D14FFA25241FFDE" masterDocTitle="A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal &amp; Feuillet (Passifloraceae)" masterLastPageNumber="224" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="118" updateTime="1668141264401" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal &amp; Feuillet (Passifloraceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Porter-Utley, Kristen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number>43</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="161677303" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:41DE9F16E4FDD1A9B3E3F225277544B3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/41DE9F16E4FDD1A9B3E3F225277544B3" lastPageId="119" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<subSubSection pageId="117" pageNumber="118" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
17. 
<taxonomicName LSID="41DE9F16-E4FD-D1A9-B3E3-F225277544B3" authority="Schltdl., Linnaea 27: 521. 1854." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">Passiflora sexocellata Schltdl., Linnaea 27: 521. 1854.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 52" captionStartId="F52" captionText="Figure 52. Leaf, flower, inflorescence, and fruit of Passiflora sexocellata from plant growing in greenhouse at Butterfly World, Coconut Creek, Florida. Scale bar = 10 mm." pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Figs 52</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. Distribution of Passiflora sexocellata." pageId="117" pageNumber="118">, 53</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="117" pageNumber="118" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
Mexico. Veracruz: along Hwy. 180 between Tampico and Pozarica, 12 mi N of Ozuluama, 38 km N of Naranjos, 110 m, 5 June 1987, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">T. B. Croat 66095</emphasis>
(neotype, designated here: MO! [MO-312537]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="117" pageNumber="118" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Slender, climbing, perennial vine 2-6 m long or more, sparsely pubescent with unicellular curved trichomes on petiole, leaf, stem, sepal, and stipule, 0.20-0.64 mm long, 0.02-0.03 mm wide, also minutely antrorsely appressed-puberulent throughout with unicellular, curved trichomes, 0.03-0.12 mm long, 0.02-0.03 mm wide. Flowering stems 1.0-2.4 mm in diameter, terete to somewhat compressed, with the base woody and cork-covered. Stipules 2.5-6.0 mm long, 0.4-1.3 mm wide, narrowly ovate-triangular, acute; petioles 1.2-5.7 cm long, with 2 (rarely 3), opposite to subopposite, sessile, discoid nectaries with flat rims, 1.0-2.1 mm wide (on the widest axis), 0.3-1.3 mm high, borne in the proximal half of the petiole (0.34-0.54 of the distance from the base toward the apex of the petiole). Laminas 2.6-8.5 cm long, 6.5-23.5 cm wide, coriaceous, peltate (the distance from leaf base to point of petiole insertion 3.0-18.9 mm), transversely elliptic (widely divaricately bilobed) or sometimes 3-lobed, lateral lobes 3.7-12.9 cm long, 1.9-7.5 cm wide, elliptic, acute to attenuate, central lobe elliptic to obovate or present merely as a widely acute to obtuse tip (rarely retuse), central vein 1.8-7.0 cm long (measured from point of petiole insertion to the leaf apex), angle between the lateral lobes 132-188°, ratio of lateral lobe to central vein length 1.33-2.77, margins entire, hyaline, primary veins 3, diverging and branching above base, laminar nectaries present, 4-13, submarginal, associated with the minor veins of the abaxial surface, with 2-4 nectaries proximal to the lateral leaf veins, 0.5-1.4 mm in diameter, circular to widely elliptic, sessile; juvenile leaves bilobed and variegated, the variegation seen in some clones at maturity; tendril 0.3-1.0 mm wide, present at flowering node, absent in inflorescence. Flowers borne in leaf axils or inflorescences; inflorescences 2.0-18.5(-25.1) cm long, associated reduced laminas 2.0-4.3 mm long, 1.5-3.1 mm wide. Pedicels 1.9-15.8 mm long, 0.4-0.9 mm wide, 2 per node; bract(s) absent; spur(s) absent. Flowers 18.4-33.4 mm in diameter with stipe 3.1-8.6(-9.4) mm long, 0.5-1.3 mm wide; hypanthium 5.4-8.2 mm in diameter; sepals 6.5-13.3 mm long, 2.9-6.3 mm wide, ovate-triangular, acute to rounded, abaxially and adaxially greenish yellow; coronal filaments in 2 series, the outer 40-51, 5.5-8.4 mm long, 0.3-0.7(-0.8)mm wide, linear, more or less erect, very dark reddish purple (5RP 3/2) on proximal third, greenish yellow (5GY 8/4) on middle third, yellow on distal third (5Y 8/10), ratio of outer coronal row to sepal length 0.59-0.94, the inner 27-40, 2.3-3.8 mm long, 0.2-0.5(-0.6) mm wide, linear, capitate, erect, greenish yellow with a flush of very dark reddish purple at base, ratio of inner coronal row to outer coronal row length 0.35-0.52; operculum 1.2-2.0 mm long, plicate, greenish yellow with a flush of very dark reddish purple at base, the margin white with narrow minutely fimbrillate teeth; nectary 0.1-0.5(-0.6) mm high, 0.5-1.2(-2.9) mm wide; limen not recurved but inclined toward the operculum, 0.1-0.5(-0.7) mm high, 0.1-0.4(-0.5) mm wide, very dark red (5R 2.5/2), limen floor 2.5-5.1 mm in diameter, very dark red; androgynophore (2.1-)3.5-6.0 mm long, 0.4-1.3(-1.5) mm wide, the distal half dark red then greenish yellow with dark red spots and streaks; free portions of the staminal filaments 1.5-2.8 mm long, 0.5-0.9 mm wide, linear, greenish yellow; anthers 1.9-2.9 mm long, 0.6-1.5(-1.9) mm wide; styles 1.8-4.9(-5.4) mm long including stigmas, 0.2-0.5 mm wide, greenish yellow; stigmas 0.8-1.7 mm in diameter; ovary 1.6-2.7 mm long, 1.1-2.1 mm wide, widely ellipsoid to globose, greenish yellow. Berry (12.4-)18-23.1 mm long, (13.4-)18.4-33.0 mm in diameter, globose, very dark purple. Seeds ca. 40-50, 1.8-4.8 mm long, 2.1-2.9 mm wide, 1.5-2.1 mm thick, obovate in outline, acute at both ends, reticulate-foveate with each face marked with ca. 12-17(-19) foveae. Germination epigeal.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="117" pageNumber="118" start="Figure 52" startId="F52">
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Figure 52.</emphasis>
Leaf, flower, inflorescence, and fruit of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from plant growing in greenhouse at Butterfly World, Coconut Creek, Florida. Scale bar = 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="117" pageNumber="118" start="Figure 53" startId="F53">
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Figure 53.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="117" pageNumber="118" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Flowering and fruiting throughout the year.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="117" pageNumber="118" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Mexico and Central America (except Costa Rica and Panama). Growing in shrubs, trees or trailing on the ground in secondary successional areas, along the edges of semideciduous to deciduous, dry to wet tropical forests, both inland and near the seashore, 0-1171 m.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="117" pageNumber="118" type="ethnobotany">
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Ethnobotany.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
The vine is sold in Guatemalan herb markets and is sold dried where the plant does not grow naturally (
<bibRefCitation author="Morton, J" journalOrPublisher="C. C. Thomas, Springfield" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" refId="B125" refString="Morton, J, 1981. Atlas of medicinal plants of Middle America: Bahamas to Yucatan. C.C. Thomas, Springfield" title="Atlas of medicinal plants of Middle America: Bahamas to Yucatan" year="1981">Morton 1981</bibRefCitation>
). A decoction of the leaves is commonly taken as a diuretic, especially in the treatment of kidney infections (
<bibRefCitation author="Morton, J" journalOrPublisher="C. C. Thomas, Springfield" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" refId="B125" refString="Morton, J, 1981. Atlas of medicinal plants of Middle America: Bahamas to Yucatan. C.C. Thomas, Springfield" title="Atlas of medicinal plants of Middle America: Bahamas to Yucatan" year="1981">Morton 1981</bibRefCitation>
). In El Salvador and Honduras the leaves are combined with lard and used as a poultice on wounds and swellings (
<bibRefCitation author="Morton, J" journalOrPublisher="C. C. Thomas, Springfield" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" refId="B125" refString="Morton, J, 1981. Atlas of medicinal plants of Middle America: Bahamas to Yucatan. C.C. Thomas, Springfield" title="Atlas of medicinal plants of Middle America: Bahamas to Yucatan" year="1981">Morton 1981</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="118" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora coriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Passiflora coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora megacoriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacoriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Passiflora megacoriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and some of their similarities and differences are discussed under their respective descriptions. According to Jan Meerman (pers. comm.), 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora xiikzodz" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xiikzodz">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Passiflora xiikzodz</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grow side by side in Belize, with 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
growing in the sun and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora xiikzodz" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xiikzodz">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Passiflora xiikzodz</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
growing in the shade. Where these two species are found in the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yucatán">Yucatan</normalizedToken>
Peninsula of Mexico, I found that 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in wetter forests along rivers and lakes to the west and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora xiikzodz" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xiikzodz">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Passiflora xiikzodz</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the related 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora itzensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="itzensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Passiflora itzensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are found in drier forests to the east. However, MacDougal concluded that these plants grow together at some sites in the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yucatán">Yucatan</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation author="MacDougal, JM" journalOrPublisher="Novon" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" pagination="358 - 367" publicationUrl="10.2307/3391495" refId="B90" refString="MacDougal, JM, 1992. New species of Passiflora subgenus Plectostemma (Passifloraceae). Novon 2: 358 - 367, DOI: 10.2307/3391495" title="New species of Passiflora subgenus Plectostemma (Passifloraceae)." url="10.2307/3391495" volume="2" year="1992">MacDougal 1992</bibRefCitation>
). These two species are easily separated because 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora xiikzodz" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xiikzodz">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Passiflora xiikzodz</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora itzensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="itzensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Passiflora itzensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possess petiolar nectaries at or near the apex of the petiole whereas 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has petiolar nectaries on the proximal half of the petiole. In addition, numerous floral characters can be used to distinguish between them. The most obvious difference is the number of coronal rows, with 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora xiikzodz" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xiikzodz">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Passiflora xiikzodz</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora itzensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="itzensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Passiflora itzensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possessing seven series and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possessing only two.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<bibRefCitation author="Klucking, EP" journalOrPublisher="J. Kramer, Berlin" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" refId="B72" refString="Klucking, EP, 1992. Leaf venation patterns, vol. 6 (Flacourtiaceae). J. Kramer, Berlin" title="Leaf venation patterns, vol. 6 (Flacourtiaceae)" year="1992">Klucking (1992)</bibRefCitation>
classified the leaf venation of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, identified as 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora coriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Passiflora coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as actinodromous and pinnate secondary venation with irregular to regular intercostal venation consisting of lineate to transverse veins. The peltate, trilobed leaf illustrated is the typical form for 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. There are three primary veins and two acrodromal veins which extend two-thirds the length of the lateral lobes, the lateral lobes are acute, the angle between the lateral veins is 150°, and there are six laminar nectaries apparent on the abaxial surface (
<bibRefCitation author="Klucking, EP" journalOrPublisher="J. Kramer, Berlin" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" refId="B72" refString="Klucking, EP, 1992. Leaf venation patterns, vol. 6 (Flacourtiaceae). J. Kramer, Berlin" title="Leaf venation patterns, vol. 6 (Flacourtiaceae)" year="1992">Klucking 1992</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
In Belize, 
<bibRefCitation author="Meerman, JC" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Lepidoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" refId="B112" refString="Meerman, JC, 2001. Lepidoptera of Belize 1. Butterflies, 2. Emperor moths and hawk moths. Tropical Lepidoptera 10" title="Lepidoptera of Belize 1. Butterflies, 2. Emperor moths and hawk moths." volume="10" year="2001">Meerman (2001)</bibRefCitation>
found that 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Heliconius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heliconius erato" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erato">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Heliconius erato</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an herbivore of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(which he identified as 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora coriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Passiflora coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<bibRefCitation author="Benson, WW" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="659 - 680" publicationUrl="10.2307/2407076" refId="B6" refString="Benson, WW, Brown, KS, Gilbert, LE, 1975. Coevolution of plants and herbivores: Passion flower butterflies. Evolution 29: 659 - 680, DOI: 10.2307/2407076" title="Coevolution of plants and herbivores: Passion flower butterflies." url="10.2307/2407076" volume="29" year="1975">Benson et al. (1975)</bibRefCitation>
found that 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Hexapoda" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dryas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dryas julia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Dryas julia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Heliconius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heliconius erato" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erato">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Heliconius erato</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were herbivores of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(again, identified as 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora coriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Passiflora coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
In 1990, Joanna Turner collected Plaster bees, 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Colletidae" genus="Colletes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colletes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Colletes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., that regularly visited flowers of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Belize. The bees are approximately 10 mm long, 3-4 mm high, including some off-the-ground leg clearance, and have a thorax that is 2.0-2.5 mm high, and were identified by Rick Clinebell at MO (pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<pageBreakToken pageId="118" pageNumber="119" start="start">Passiflora</pageBreakToken>
sexocellata
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described by Schlechtendal in 1854. He cited &quot; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linden" authorityYear="1871" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora marmorea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marmorea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Passiflora marmorea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
hort.&quot;, as a synonym, but this horticultural name was not validly published. It is interesting that the specific epithet 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“marmorea”">&quot;marmorea&quot;</normalizedToken>
means marbled, as the leaves of this species are often variegated. 
<bibRefCitation author="Holm-Nielsen, LB" journalOrPublisher="The American Journal of Pharmacy" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 130" refId="B59" refString="Holm-Nielsen, LB, Jorgensen, PM, Lawesson, JE, 1988. 126. Passifloraceae. Fl. Ecuador.: 1 - 130" title="126. Passifloraceae. Fl. Ecuador" year="1988">Holm-Nielson et al. (1988)</bibRefCitation>
, in the synonomy of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora coriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Passiflora coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, stated that 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an illegitimate name that was based upon material of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora coriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Passiflora coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Juss. and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1817" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora difformis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="difformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Passiflora difformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kunth. However, I do not see any reason why 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schlechtendal’s">Schlechtendal's</normalizedToken>
species has to be considered illegitimate. He carefully describes the plant from cultivated material that he had at hand in the Botanical Gardens in Halle, Germany and spends a paragraph differentiating his species from both 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora coriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Passiflora coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1817" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora difformis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="difformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Passiflora difformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. I was unable to locate the type of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and U. Braun (curator of the herbarium at the Herbarium at the Institut fur Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Halle) was unable to find any material under the name 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Braun was also unable to locate appropriate material under 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora coriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Passiflora coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1817" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora difformis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="difformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Passiflora difformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Other species of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora" order="Malpighiales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Passiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Mexico and Central America were in cultivation in Europe by 1830 (
<bibRefCitation author="Loudon, JC" journalOrPublisher="Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, London" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" refId="B86" refString="Loudon, JC, 1830. Loudon's hortus Britannicus: A catalogue of all the plants indigenous, cultivated in, or introduced to Britain. Part I. The Linnaean arrangement: Part II. The Jussieuean arrangement. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, London" title="Loudon's hortus Britannicus: A catalogue of all the plants indigenous, cultivated in, or introduced to Britain. Part I. The Linnaean arrangement: Part II. The Jussieuean arrangement" year="1830">Loudon 1830</bibRefCitation>
), and it is plausible that Schlechtendal had such material at hand when he described 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schlechtendal’s">Schlechtendal's</normalizedToken>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to fit the description of the Mesoamerican entity that I am recognizing as a species distinct from 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora coriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Passiflora coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other similar taxa from supersection 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Cieca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" supersection="Cieca">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Cieca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, some of the vegetative characters that he uses to distinguish 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are actually quite variable, but he only had one live specimen available to him when he described the species. He describes the flower as having five green sepals, outer coronal filaments that are 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“lilac”">&quot;lilac&quot;</normalizedToken>
at the base but &quot;greenish yellow&quot; otherwise, inner coronal filaments that are dilated at the apex and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“lilac”">&quot;lilac&quot;</normalizedToken>
in color at the tips and lighter toward the base, an operculum that is dull 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“lilac”">&quot;lilac&quot;</normalizedToken>
at the base and becoming &quot;greenish yellow&quot; toward the apex, and a &quot;greenish yellow&quot; androgynophore. The use of the term 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“lilac”">&quot;lilac&quot;</normalizedToken>
is somewhat misleading, but the description of how the colors vary on the various parts of the flower is diagnostic. For example, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora coriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Passiflora coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses outer coronal filaments that are reddish purple at the base but obviously white toward the tips with a band of reddish purple and not &quot;greenish yellow.&quot; In addition, the operculum of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora coriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Passiflora coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is wholly reddish purple. However, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses outer coronal filaments that are reddish purple at their bases, greenish yellow at their middles and yellow at their apices and an operculum that is dark reddish purple at the base and greenish yellow otherwise (often with a white margin). Based upon 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schlechtendal’s">Schlechtendal's</normalizedToken>
detailed description, I apply the name 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to this species and have designated a neotype that perfectly illustrates the diagnostic characters of the taxon, with the colors of the corona and limen floor still very vibrant.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="119" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" type="selected specimens examined">
<paragraph pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Selected specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">MEXICO. Campeche:</emphasis>
road between Ulumal and Canosayab, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
Porter-Utley &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mondragón">Mondragon</normalizedToken>
311
</emphasis>
(CICY); road (MEX15) between El Estado de Mexico and Monclova, close to El Estado de Mexico, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
Porter-Utley &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mondragón">Mondragon</normalizedToken>
314
</emphasis>
(FLAS, CICY); Champoton, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Steere 1888</emphasis>
(US). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Chiapas:</emphasis>
Mpio. Ocosingo, el ejido Chajul a la orilla del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Lacantun, 150 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
et al. 26047
</emphasis>
(XAL). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Oaxaca:</emphasis>
5 mi. E of Temascal (10 mi. W of Veracruz border), 45 ft., 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Janzen s.n.</emphasis>
, 13 November 1963 (UC). PUEBLA: Mpio. Tenampulco, Tenampulco, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Chavez &amp; Kerbel 327</emphasis>
(CICY). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">San Luis Potosi:</emphasis>
Mpio. Ciudad Valles, ca. 1 km upstream from Rancho Pago Pago on 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Mesillas, 120 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Fryxell &amp; Anderson 3449</emphasis>
(CHAPA, MO). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Tabasco:</emphasis>
cerca de la parcela de Don Justo 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hernández">Hernandez</normalizedToken>
, Ejido 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
Manero, km 12.1 del camino hacia cacaos de la 
<normalizedToken originalValue="desviación">desviacion</normalizedToken>
KM 32 de la carretera Villahermosa hacia Escarcega, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Cowan 2815</emphasis>
(CAS, NY); San Isidro, near Balancan, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Matuda 6045</emphasis>
(LL); road (MEX 180) between Minatitlan and Villahermosa, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
Porter-Utley &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mondragón">Mondragon</normalizedToken>
384
</emphasis>
(CICY, FLAS). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Veracruz:</emphasis>
Mpio. Coatzacoalcos, Coatzacoalcos, entro las dos lenguas de la laguna del Ostion, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Castillo-Campos &amp; Acosta 16155</emphasis>
(XAL); Mpio. Tlacotalpan, along the hwy. following the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Papaloapan towards the coast, 2 km NE of Tlacotalpan, 2 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Nee &amp; Taylor 26567</emphasis>
(F, MO); Playa Escondida, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
Porter-Utley &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mondragón">Mondragon</normalizedToken>
326
</emphasis>
(CICY, FLAS); La Palmilla, Mpio. de Tlapacoyan, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Ventura 1270</emphasis>
(CHAPA, MEXU); El Encanto, Mpio. de Tlapacoyan, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Ventura 19595</emphasis>
(CAS, XAL).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">BELIZE. Belize:</emphasis>
along Belize River near Burrel Boom, near sea level, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Gentry 8046</emphasis>
(MO); Caves Branch Base Camp, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Whitefoord 1327</emphasis>
(BM). COROZAL: Alfonsoville, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Gentle 821</emphasis>
(MO, NY, US). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Orange Walk:</emphasis>
Mi. 54, N Hwy., 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Dwyer &amp; Liesner 12214</emphasis>
(MO). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Stann Creek:</emphasis>
Swasey Branch, Monkey River, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Gentle 3931</emphasis>
(GH, NY).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
EL SALVADOR. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cabañas">Cabanas</normalizedToken>
:
</emphasis>
Ilobasco, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Villacorta &amp; Rivas 2117</emphasis>
(MO). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">La Libertad:</emphasis>
Santa Tecla, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Garcia 151</emphasis>
(UC). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">San Salvador:</emphasis>
Cerro de San Jacinto, near San Salvador, 800-1171 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Standley 20602</emphasis>
(GH, NY, US). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">San Vicente:</emphasis>
vicinity of San Vicente, 400-500 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Standley &amp; Padilla 3444</emphasis>
(F). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Sonsonate:</emphasis>
vicinity of Izalco, 400-600 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Pittier 1949</emphasis>
(US).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="119" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">GUATEMALA. Alta Verapaz:</emphasis>
1 km N de finca Mercedes, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Telemán">Teleman</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Panzós">Panzos</normalizedToken>
, 32 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<pageBreakToken pageId="119" pageNumber="120" start="start">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
</pageBreakToken>
et al. 22859
</emphasis>
(MEXU); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pantín">Pantin</normalizedToken>
, below 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tamahú">Tamahu</normalizedToken>
, 600 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Standley 70882</emphasis>
(F). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Chiquimula:</emphasis>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chocón">Chocon</normalizedToken>
Plantation, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Watson s.n.</emphasis>
, 20 March 1885 (GH). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Esquintla:</emphasis>
San Luis, N of Escuintla, 450 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Standley 60135</emphasis>
(F). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Izabal:</emphasis>
27 km from junction of Atlantic Rt. with road to Tikal, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">McDade 210</emphasis>
(DUKE). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Petén">Peten</normalizedToken>
:
</emphasis>
SE part of Cerro Cauhui, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Walker 1172</emphasis>
(MO). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Retalhuleu:</emphasis>
above Asintal, on road toward Colomba, 750-800 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Standley 87879</emphasis>
(F). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">San Marcos:</emphasis>
vicinity of Pajapita, 120 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Molina &amp; Molina 27104</emphasis>
(F). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Santa Rosa:</emphasis>
Region of La Morenita, NE of Chiquimulilla, 400 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Standley 78869</emphasis>
(F). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Suchitepéquez">Suchitepequez</normalizedToken>
:
</emphasis>
Las 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ánimas">Animas</normalizedToken>
, 650 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Shannon 274</emphasis>
(US). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Unknown State:</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Tejada 248</emphasis>
(US).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
HONDURAS. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Atlántida">Atlantida</normalizedToken>
:
</emphasis>
Valle 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Lean near El 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mazapán">Mazapan</normalizedToken>
N of Mezapa, 20 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">MacDougal et al. 3298</emphasis>
(BM, CHAPA, MO, TEFH). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Comayagua:</emphasis>
1 km SW Palmitia, 840 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Lentz 996</emphasis>
(TEFH); Pitosolo Yojoa, 500 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Valerio &amp; Rodriguez 2895</emphasis>
(F). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Cortes:</emphasis>
Mountains E of Lake Yojoa, 600-800 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Morton 7760</emphasis>
(US). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Gracias A Dios:</emphasis>
Leymus, orilla del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Segovia o Wanki, 100 km SO de Puerto Lempira, 30 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Nelson &amp; Cruz 8707</emphasis>
(TEFH). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Santa Barbara:</emphasis>
San Pedro Sula, 1200 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Thieme 5242</emphasis>
(US).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">NICARAGUA. Chontales:</emphasis>
Cerro Oluma, 750 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Gentry et al. 43989</emphasis>
(MO). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Matagalpa:</emphasis>
Carretera al Tuma 6 km NW de Cuatro Esquinas, 700-800 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Guzman et al. 812</emphasis>
(MO). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
Region Autonomista 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Atlántico">Atlantico</normalizedToken>
Norte:
</emphasis>
matorrales de la Playa S de Puerto Cabezas, 0 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Molina 14759</emphasis>
(F).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>