218 lines
20 KiB
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218 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.816.29738" ID-GBIF-Dataset="31bce27d-7094-467b-95ae-009a27e00cf5" ID-PMC="PMC6341056" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-816-1" ID-PubMed="30686917" ID-ZBK="51CEEF2E1E1040A8A6731140426ED5A7" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1313-2970-816-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 816" ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic review of the pericaline ground-beetles in Taiwan, with descriptions of new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini)" checkinTime="1547561011487" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hunting, Wesley & Yang, Man-Miao" docDate="2019" docId="0B36C0A0BA8AC91A7E3AAD88F4EB5A8A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 816: 1-164" docOrigin="ZooKeys 816" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.816.29738" docTitle="Pericalus formosanus Dupuis stat. resurr." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="142" masterDocId="AA26FF84157BFFAE490E7F133744FF98" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic review of the pericaline ground-beetles in Taiwan, with descriptions of new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini)" masterLastPageNumber="164" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="139" updateTime="1668166739332" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A taxonomic review of the pericaline ground-beetles in Taiwan, with descriptions of new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hunting, Wesley</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Yang, Man-Miao</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>816</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>164</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.816.29738</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.816.29738</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-816-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">51CEEF2E1E1040A8A6731140426ED5A7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">51CEEF2E1E1040A8A6731140426ED5A7</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154125996" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0B36C0A0BA8AC91A7E3AAD88F4EB5A8A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0B36C0A0BA8AC91A7E3AAD88F4EB5A8A" lastPageId="141" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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<subSubSection pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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<taxonomicName authority="Dupuis stat. resurr." class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pericalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pericalus formosanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus">Pericalus formosanus Dupuis stat. resurr.</taxonomicName>
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Figs 104A, B, 105
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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, 106, 110A
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pericalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pericalus formosanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus">Pericalus formosanus</taxonomicName>
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Dupuis, 1913: 83;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Csiki 1932</bibRefCitation>
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: 1369;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jedlička">Jedlicka</normalizedToken>
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1963
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 379;
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<bibRefCitation author="Fedorenko, DN" journalOrPublisher="Russian Entomological Journal" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" pagination="303 - 312" title="A new species of Pericalus s. str. (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Lebiini) from Vietnam, with notes on some Oriental members of the subgenus." url="http://kmkjournals.com/upload/PDF/REJ/26/ent26_4_303_312_Fedorenko_for_Inet.pdf" volume="26" year="2017">Fedorenko 2017</bibRefCitation>
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: 311.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pericalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pericalus ornatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="ornatus" subspecies="formosanus">Pericalus ornatus formosanus</taxonomicName>
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Dupuis:
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<bibRefCitation author="Shi, H" journalOrPublisher="G Haase Soehne, Prague" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.758.24169" year="2018">Shi and Liang 2018</bibRefCitation>
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: 36.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Types and other material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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Holotype (male) labeled "Chip Chip/ II Formosa/Sauter 07-09";
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“TYPUS”">"TYPUS"</normalizedToken>
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[rectangular, red paper]; "
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pericalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pericalus formosanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus">Pericalus formosanus</taxonomicName>
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Dupuis/Dupuis det. ";
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Syntypus”">"Syntypus"</normalizedToken>
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; "DEI
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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/# 200415". Five paratypes and 151 other specimens of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. formosanus" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="formosanus">P. formosanus</taxonomicName>
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: 75 males and 76 females. For further details see EH Strickland Virtual Entomology Museum Database.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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Taiwan. Kaoshiung County,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Hoozan”">"Hoozan"</normalizedToken>
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= Fengshan City.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="taxonomic notes">
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Taxonomic notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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In a recent paper
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<bibRefCitation author="Shi, H" journalOrPublisher="G Haase Soehne, Prague" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.758.24169" year="2018">Shi and Liang (2018)</bibRefCitation>
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considered
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. formosanus" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="formosanus">P. formosanus</taxonomicName>
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to be a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pericalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pericalus ornatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatus">Pericalus ornatus</taxonomicName>
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Schmidt-Goebel, 1846. While these taxa are similar, we have deduced that there are sufficient differences to maintain the species status of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. formosanus" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="formosanus">P. formosanus</taxonomicName>
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. Along with differences in the hind angles of the elytra, and number of discal setae (one in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. formosanus" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="formosanus">P. formosanus</taxonomicName>
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and two in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ornatus" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="ornatus">P. ornatus</taxonomicName>
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), there are slight but consistent differences in the genitalic characteristics. Females of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. formosanus" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="formosanus">P. formosanus</taxonomicName>
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have a spermathecal gland duct that is longer and a spermathecal gland (Fig. 110B) that is larger than seen in specimens of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ornatus" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="ornatus">P. ornatus</taxonomicName>
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. Males of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. formosanus" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="formosanus">P. formosanus</taxonomicName>
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have a phallus with ostium more dorsally situated than in members of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ornatus" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="ornatus">P. ornatus</taxonomicName>
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and an endophallus that is obviously narrower in form and has only one prominent endophallic lobe (Fig. 108A), located more basally than the most basal endophallic lobe of specimens of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ornatus" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="ornatus">P. ornatus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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Shi and Liang observed that
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<bibRefCitation author="Fedorenko, DN" journalOrPublisher="Russian Entomological Journal" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" pagination="303 - 312" title="A new species of Pericalus s. str. (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Lebiini) from Vietnam, with notes on some Oriental members of the subgenus." url="http://kmkjournals.com/upload/PDF/REJ/26/ent26_4_303_312_Fedorenko_for_Inet.pdf" volume="26" year="2017">Fedorenko (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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, recorded
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. formosanus" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="formosanus">P. formosanus</taxonomicName>
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from Vietnam based on misidentification of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. acutidens" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="acutidens">P. acutidens</taxonomicName>
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. After examining his images of the everted endophallus, it is clear that it was a mistaken identity.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pericalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pericalus formosanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus">Pericalus formosanus</taxonomicName>
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is restricted to Taiwan and allopatric with all other species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pericalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pericalus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pericalus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Specimens of this species are easily distinguished from other Taiwanese pericalines by having smooth tarsal claws, two pairs of supraorbital setae, two pairs of latero-marginal setae on the pronotum and a black dorsal coloration with eight maculae on the disc of the elytra.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="140" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="redescription">
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">OBL 7.67 - 11.33 mm. Length (n = ten males, ten females): head 0.92 - 1.24, pronotum 1.28 - 2.12, elytra 4.33 - 6.33, metepisternum 1.04 - 1.40 mm; width: head 2.14 - 3.10, pronotum 3.33 - 4.67, elytra 3.33 - 4.67, metepisternum 0.56 - 0.84 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Body proportions. HW/HL 2.24 - 2.58; PWM/PL 1.45 - 1.58; EL/EW 1.25 - 1.46; ML/MW 1.40 - 1.94.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="139" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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Color. Fig. 104A, B. Various. Dorsum of head piceous, clypeus piceous with rufo-brunneous apical edge, antennae and palpi rufo-brunneous, scape sometimes darker; pronotum piceous; elytral disc piceous, with eight testaceous maculae, two in basal 1/3, two near mid-length, and four in apical 1/3, basal macula somewhat dentate, from interval 3 or 4 to interval 6 or 7, always closest to base in interval 5 and closest to apex
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<pageBreakToken pageId="139" pageNumber="140" start="start">in</pageBreakToken>
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interval 4, mid-length macula from interval 4 to interval 5 or 6, apical macula with small patch from interval 2 to 3 and small patch in interval 7; ventral surface rufo-piceous to piceous; legs rufo-brunneous, tibia darker.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
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<paragraph pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
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Figure 104. Dorsal habitus and intrapopulation variation of color pattern of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pericalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pericalus formosanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus">Pericalus formosanus</taxonomicName>
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Dupuis. A larger elytral macula (common) (OBL 11.02 mm). B smaller elytral macula (OBL 8.02 mm).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Microsculpture. Head with microsculpture almost isodiametric to isodiametric; pronotum with microsculpture shallow, somewhat transverse to transverse; elytra with sculpticells transverse, single row of isodiametric cells down center of each stria; ventral surface with transverse to almost isodiameteric microsculpture.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="140" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
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Macrosculpture and pilosity. Dorsum of head and base of clypeus rugulose, surface with very fine, scattered, setigerous punctures, hardly visible at 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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; pronotum disc
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<pageBreakToken pageId="140" pageNumber="141" start="start">faintly</pageBreakToken>
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rugulose centrally, more so along lateral margins, surface with very fine, scattered, setigerous punctures; elytral intervals convex, interval 7 slightly more raised than others in apical 1/3, entire dorsal surface with fine, scattered setigerous punctures, punctures hardly visible but setae easily viewed in lateral view at 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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, striae impunctate; ventral surface of head rugulose to gula suture, remaining ventral surface with randomly scattered setigerous punctures.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Fixed setae. Two pairs of supraorbital setae; clypeus with two long, lateral setae; labrum with six setae along apical margin; one pair of suborbital setae; pronotum with two pairs of setae, one at base of lateral margin, one on lateral margin at pronotum max width; 24 - 25 lateral (umbilical) setae in interval 9; elytra with interval 3 with one seta in basal 1/6 (See also, variation); ventral surface with two setae on each of abdominal sterna III to VI; four setae along apical margin of sternum VII.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="140" pageNumber="141" type="variation">
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<paragraph pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="140" pageNumber="141">of 151 specimens observed only one was observed to have two setae in interval 3, the typical apical setae and one at mid-length; see Fig. 104A (two setae) vs. Fig. 104B (one seta).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Luster. Dorsal surface moderately glossy; ventral surface glossy.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Head. Mandibles long, left mandible with distinctive notch on inside and dorsal surface in apical 1/3; labrum deeply bilobed, mentum without tooth; eyes large, convex; palpi cylindrical and elongate and with fine setae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Pronotum. Lateral margins explanate, with margins curved slightly upwards, anterior transverse impression moderately shallow, posterior transverse impression deep, median longitudinal impression moderately deep, apico-lateral margins broadly and distinctly lobed, posterio-lateral margins sinuate, right-angled.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Elytra. Hind angles slightly sinuate, apex of lateral margin with distinctly sharp edge, pointed.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Hind wings. Macropterous.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Legs. Tarsal claws smooth, rather long and slender, males with adhesive vestiture ventrally, two rows squamo-setae on tarsomeres 1-3 of fore-leg.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
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Male genitalia. Fig. 105
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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. Length 1.80 - 2.06 mm. Ostium catopic, open slightly more on the left side. Phallus cylindrical, widest at mid-length, apex short, rounded at tip; endophallus relatively long and narrow along length, with single distinctive lobe (el) at base.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
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<paragraph pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
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Figure 105. Digital images of male genitalia of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pericalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pericalus formosanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus">Pericalus formosanus</taxonomicName>
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Dupuis. A left lateral aspect, endophallus everted B right lateral aspect C ventral aspect D left lateral aspect. Legend: el endophallic lobe.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Female genitalia. Fig. 110A. Width 1.15 - 1.30 mm. Gonocoxite 2 (gc2) distinctively long and narrow, relatively uniform in width along length; three lateral ensiform setae spaced widely apart (les), one dorsal ensiform seta. Sensory furrow, furrow pegs, and associated nematiform setae not observed. One spermatheca present (sp1), elongate and cylindrical, expanding slightly in apical half; one spermathecal accessory gland (sg), associated spermathecal gland duct (sgd), with attachment site just before widening of spermatheca.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="141" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Habitat, habits, and seasonal occurrence.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="141" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
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The known elevational range of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. formosanus" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="formosanus">P. formosanus</taxonomicName>
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is from 500 to 2095 meters with the majority of adults being collected between 1800 and 2000 meters. Adults of this species are crepuscular and are found in mixed primary and secondary forest of montane areas, typically in moist areas.
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<pageBreakToken pageId="141" pageNumber="142" start="start">They</pageBreakToken>
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can be found inside and under deadwood during the day and on deadwood at night. Specimens are easily captured as they do not run or fly when illuminated. Specimens have been collected throughout the year with most collected from May to July. Methods of collecting include light trap on ground, u.v. light sheet, pitfall trap, and hand collecting.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="141" pageNumber="142" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Geographical distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pericalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pericalus formosanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus">Pericalus formosanus</taxonomicName>
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is known only from Taiwan. See Figure 106.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
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<paragraph pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
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Figure 106. Map showing known localities for species of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pericalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pericalus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pericalus</taxonomicName>
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MacLeay, in Taiwan.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |