417 lines
50 KiB
XML
417 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="ECC234373D310388B09F0354B0B349FE" ID-CLB-Dataset="31139" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21545" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cd2cf861-0325-4bbc-9131-8ae4252e593b" ID-PMC="PMC5769723" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-723-121" ID-PubMed="29362528" ID-ZooBank="925CD37F313C42D08A1425F6720ABC3C" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-723-121" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 723" ModsDocTitle="The genus Gallerucida Motschulsky in Taiwan (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae)" checkinTime="1513622319708" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lee, Chi-Feng" docDate="2017" docId="E125E8674E8020DF871559AF240A02AC" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 723: 121-151" docOrigin="ZooKeys 723" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21545" docTitle="Gallerucida bifasciata Motschulsky" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="129" masterDocId="FFEC3D73FFD1C540FFC6EB65014ED850" masterDocTitle="The genus Gallerucida Motschulsky in Taiwan (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae)" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="121" pageNumber="123" updateTime="1732681482661" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="0C9DA5813CA6E0B267E213BDF3BBDB71">The genus Gallerucida Motschulsky in Taiwan (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EDD77A02AB809C7FDF84DFF96E5328D1">Lee, Chi-Feng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BD600E3FF12984360AD08787B8CB0820">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DC66F034E8961871F7860597CBA4FD31">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3087EC95608548EC9E56C7C5F184D1AB">723</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="A12A77D5DB78CC75B8B1EF35B8873D7E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C1038C6B8304158344A62723C8FB8B8B" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21545</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="65CBE388652FD37C183028BA6DA35E54" type="ZooBank">925CD37F313C42D08A1425F6720ABC3C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="E125E8674E8020DF871559AF240A02AC" ID-GBIF-Taxon="139337008" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E125E8674E8020DF871559AF240A02AC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E125E8674E8020DF871559AF240A02AC" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" scope_class="Insecta" scope_family="Chrysomelidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_subFamily="Galerucinae">
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<subSubSection id="2B4877BDBCC9F420A697B16BDA251886" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F2F73424EA38A0D763B468111A84BE69" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="273ACB063A8B4E9ABCACF65C494FF08F" authority="Motschulsky" genus="Gallerucida" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gallerucida bifasciata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="bifasciata">Gallerucida bifasciata Motschulsky</taxonomicName>
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Figs 1, 2, 3
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="06089607720522A2FB6737503D5D619E" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="033B0D84798629B3C82B2CC611DD2AA9" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
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||
<taxonomicName id="EC13986C23EABA10ED5F92B6FF237159" genus="Gallerucida" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gallerucida bifasciata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="bifasciata">Gallerucida bifasciata</taxonomicName>
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Motschulsky, 1861: 24 (Japan);
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<bibRefCitation id="7DD7F9F273B076B96CB71CBE52201A25" author="Solsky, SM" journalOrPublisher="Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" pagination="232 - 277" title="Coleopteres de la Siberie orientale." volume="8" year="1872">Solsky 1872</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 259 (East Siberia);
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<bibRefCitation id="146CC2A3DFC7E8E9C966ADB12A0C1670" author="Chujo, M" journalOrPublisher="Mushi" pageId="26" pageNumber="147" pagination="3 - 8" title="Chrysomelid-beetles from northern Korea." volume="13" year="1940">
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<normalizedToken id="671C1F931E5DC2245BCA5805D0C9C9B8" originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
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||
1940
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 6 (Korea);
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<bibRefCitation id="AAF668D98DB212B05C1FF049176204FF" author="Chujo, M" journalOrPublisher="Transaction of the Natural History Society of Formosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="147" pagination="155 - 174" title="Chrysomelid-beetles from Korea (IV)." volume="31" year="1941">
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<normalizedToken id="07080611CAF609E3ECF81CCB7BA89968" originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
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1941
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 160 (Korea);
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<bibRefCitation id="41DE38980CFFC8DA4688C852CE16FFCB" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Gressitt and Kimoto 1963</bibRefCitation>
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: 721 (China: Jilin, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Hubei, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu);
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<bibRefCitation id="C8FBB0C114BA38F7ADAD3406A3780401" author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="369 - 400" title="The Chrysomelidae of Japan and the Ryukyu Islands, VII. Subfamily Galerucinae II." volume="13" year="1965 a">Kimoto 1965a</bibRefCitation>
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: 399 (infraspecific variation between north and south Japan);
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<bibRefCitation id="7EEF4FE89861024528D835E6F03BAE9D" author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Osaka Museum of Natural History" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="31 - 48" title="A list of chrysomelid specimens preserved in the Osaka Museum of Natural History II (Insecta: Coleoptera)." volume="18" year="1965">Kimoto and Hiura 1965</bibRefCitation>
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: 38 (Japan);
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<bibRefCitation id="24BB7273404DA132D71D2668507B8A0F" author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Esakia" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="21 - 38" title="A list of the chrysomelid specimens of Taiwan preserved in the Zoological Museum, Berlin." volume="5" year="1966">Kimoto 1966</bibRefCitation>
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: 34 (Taiwan);
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<bibRefCitation id="7A843F140A88FA6F309D0A7726B359FE" author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Esakia" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="39 - 48" title="A list of some chrysomelid specimens collected in E. Manchuria and N. Korea." volume="5" year="1966">Kimoto and Kawase 1966</bibRefCitation>
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: 47 (China: Jilin);
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<bibRefCitation id="BA8EDE9019201296E876CBC806A31216" author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Esakia" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="1 - 68" title="Motes on the Chrysomelidae from Taiwan II." volume="7" year="1969">Kimoto 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 68 (Taiwan);
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<bibRefCitation id="076A7BE1F2EB3F6B74717001ED2F64EE" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Wilcox 1971</bibRefCitation>
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: 201 (catalogue);
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<bibRefCitation id="0258C9A7BBBD5FA40F58ABB96A301805" author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Kurume University Journal" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="237 - 272" title="The Taiwanese Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) collected by Dr. Kintaro Baba, on the occasion of his entomological survey in 1983 and 1986." volume="38" year="1989">Kimoto 1989</bibRefCitation>
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: 260 (Taiwan);
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<bibRefCitation id="FEDF09F02913E6564B0B6E48213C89CC" author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Kurume University Journal" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="1 - 27" title="The Taiwanese Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) collected by Dr. Kintaro Baba, on the occasion of his entomological survey in 1987, 1988 and 1989." volume="40" year="1991">Kimoto 1991</bibRefCitation>
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: 17 (Taiwan);
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<bibRefCitation id="8894D5503832C6E587414369465916C9" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Kimoto and Chu 1996</bibRefCitation>
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: 92 (catalogue);
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<bibRefCitation id="301C1E56EABB8E93E205A7B7FBB04ACF" author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Tokai University Press, Tokyo" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" title="Leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) of Taiwan." year="1997">Kimoto and Takizawa 1997</bibRefCitation>
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: 392 (catalogue);
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<bibRefCitation id="D45C2E478EB538A076DBACF6B52F0B46" author="Lee, C-F" journalOrPublisher="Sishou-Hills Insect Observation Network, New Taipei City" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" title="The Chrysomelidae of Taiwan 1." year="2007">Lee and Cheng 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 104 (biology);
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<bibRefCitation id="DCDF983A570189FF01A98B3607172786" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Beenen 2010</bibRefCitation>
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: 459 (catalogue);
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<bibRefCitation id="1A735F83495201993A45FBC8848DFC4F" author="Yang, X-K" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" title="Chinese leaf beetles." year="2015">Yang et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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: 171 (catalogue).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="42F4CE6EC68BAA2F7DBD7B0793151749" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="3D51BA5432975AC59A59CDF1580007A3" genus="Galerucida" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Galerucida" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="genus">Galerucida</taxonomicName>
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[sic!]
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<taxonomicName id="9A2CD37BA9385E0B70FE927D07AF73E7" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="bifasciata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="bifasciata">bifasciata</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="2303954310BCDFF73A6B04D6BC49479D" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Weise 1886</bibRefCitation>
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: 578 (Amur);
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<bibRefCitation id="B0516BA065D574AF3AE9A90007799F7A" author="Heyden, LFJD" journalOrPublisher="Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="243 - 273" title="Verzeichniss der von Herrn Otto herz auf der chinesischen Halbinsel Korea gasammelten Coleopteren." volume="21" year="1887">Heyden 1887</bibRefCitation>
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: 263 (Korea);
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<bibRefCitation id="45A4669CDF2BAE7913745D1847E9E520" author="Weise, J" journalOrPublisher="Junk, Berlin" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" title="Pars 78: Chrysomelidae: 13. Galerucinae. In: Schenkling S (Ed.) Coleopterorum Catalogus. W." year="1924">Weise 1924</bibRefCitation>
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: 140 (catalogue);
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<bibRefCitation id="BCB7048C3D817907977A8B5C380EB7BC" author="Ogloblin, DA" journalOrPublisher="Moskva-Leningrad, Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" title="Listoedy, Galerucinae. Fauna SSSR. Nasekomye Zhestkokrylye, n. s. 8 (1)." year="1936">Ogloblin 1936</bibRefCitation>
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: 354 (redescription);
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<bibRefCitation id="1FBCE737C7AFB49FA4D2B56B3C082B9F" author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="485 - 490" title="A list of specimens of Chrysomelidae from Taiwan preserved in the Naturhistorisches Museum / Wien (Insecta: Coleoptera)." volume="68" year="1965 b">Kimoto 1965b</bibRefCitation>
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: 488 (Taiwan).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D82D68DFAE8B62BBD90BF54EF9A6598B" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="7FDCC09C824883497B7124623C619D15" genus="Melospila" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melospila bifasciata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="bifasciata">Melospila bifasciata</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
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<bibRefCitation id="8100605840C50511DCE2A81EC0F33FB6" author="Baly, JS" journalOrPublisher="The Journal of Entomology" pageId="26" pageNumber="147" url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1874.tb00164.x" year="1874">Baly 1874</bibRefCitation>
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: 185.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2235CEC25EC0F243ADCA1FA0E8763DAF" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="0D56C69598DBA71B014EEA2F69221255" genus="Melospila" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melospila nigromaculata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">Melospila nigromaculata</taxonomicName>
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Baly, 1861: 297;
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<bibRefCitation id="0DB0D725DB169DD6D39A2FCE29066CE3" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Harold 1876</bibRefCitation>
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: 3591 (as synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="EC51E3FFEB9C74488FA95CEF1170894E" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. bicolor" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="bicolor">G. bicolor</taxonomicName>
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, synonymy confirmed).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FC2DCBEE9D5FFC56F3825AE2C1A7C3F4" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="986682F51FDAC2E3B050D541CC071CFA" genus="Gallerucida" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gallerucida nigromaculata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">Gallerucida nigromaculata</taxonomicName>
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:
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<normalizedToken id="334F727905BD73F371005049AECD03F9" originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
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& Kimoto 1961: 163 (host plants);
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<bibRefCitation id="91AADE987085DF3CEAEC870AA9ECFEB3" author="Chujo, M" journalOrPublisher="The Philippine Journal of Science" pageId="26" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 239" title="A taxonomic study on the Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) from Formosa Part XI. Subfamily Galerucinae." volume="91" year="1962">
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<normalizedToken id="6047359E3654840FA4404FFE0D147071" originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
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1962
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</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 154 (redescription).
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="744D51495F076DD24ED06C278B0CF6AF" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="193C6154DD01B82F3B64CF092333CB68" genus="Galerucida" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Galerucida" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="genus">Galerucida</taxonomicName>
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[sic!]
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<taxonomicName id="AD86532E69853A65A74975F09AA26ABD" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="nigromaculata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">nigromaculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
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<bibRefCitation id="8190A8B662E3ACEA92AEEBF683313DEE" author="Weise, J" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" pagination="39 - 130" title="Chrysomeliden der Indo-Malayischen region." volume="65" year="1922">Weise 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 92 (China: Fujian);
|
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<bibRefCitation id="4EAB8FA132DC3A59AD59E833674B8A08" author="Chujo, M" journalOrPublisher="Arbeiten ueber Morphologische und Taxonomische Entomologie" pageId="26" pageNumber="147" pagination="160 - 174" title="H. Sauter's. Formosa-Ausbeute: Subfamily Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." volume="2" year="1935">
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<normalizedToken id="2A307212EF96DEBDAE24854219F3970A" originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
|
||
1935
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 169 (Taiwan); Ogloblin, 1936: 356 (redescripton).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FBBE938E4CB02B579F51FFF3DB1296BD" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C023D573A41D3A879E8442571CE33EDD" genus="Gallerucida" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gallerucida bifasciata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="subspecies" species="bifasciata" subspecies="nigromaculata">Gallerucida bifasciata nigromaculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D2EFF2D0DCD84E1F2D877E0E29B45B13" author="Takizawa, H" journalOrPublisher="Nature & Life" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" pagination="67 - 79" title="Notes on Korea Chrysomelidae." volume="19" year="1980">Takizawa 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 73 (Korea);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F6C77671F6B25B4F0EEB0E81A5AA1AD" author="Takizawa, H" journalOrPublisher="Nature & Life" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" pagination="1 - 18" title="Notes on Korea Chrysomelidae, part 2." volume="19" year="1985">Takizawa 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 10 (as synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFFDAB84401B8CFA985545DDB66BC84A" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. bifasciata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="bifasciata">G. bifasciata</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B3D920444D0E8B1703F46E60CD56BC0" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4451CB24BC7D156FF80F1CC82413A7B" genus="Galerucida" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Galerucida" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="genus">Galerucida</taxonomicName>
|
||
[sic!]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A8590988A85DE32AD9312631D3717373" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="nigrofasciata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="nigrofasciata">nigrofasciata</taxonomicName>
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||
Baly, 1879: 453 (should be error for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0A7A178943DEDBCA21A88E8B6B048A8A" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. nigromaculata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">G. nigromaculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Baly because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89F11A21039148EE1EB555B57C67ABC4" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. nigromaculata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">G. nigromaculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only one of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="91A28AD3265436E98282428FAAD07BF7" originalValue="Baly’s">Baly's</normalizedToken>
|
||
species which is treated by
|
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<bibRefCitation id="5410B1111A99811BD4F5FF615CEED5B2" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Harold (1876)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1CD73BD6159E3CFA4BE142D639B15EDF" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. bicolor" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="bicolor">G. bicolor</taxonomicName>
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) (as synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A130BBC03A0C5239C17F0B9C5C18E3EE" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. bifasciata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="bifasciata">G. bifasciata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, synonymy confirmed).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0CAF1FCE1588120550774EDC05193BFE" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88704E3B71D12F0EF92F2645BF68E0D9" genus="Melospila" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melospila consociata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="consociata">Melospila consociata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Baly, 1874: 185;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44952C1D98CCB5AB7D9626E127E6DE64" author="Ogloblin, DA" journalOrPublisher="Moskva-Leningrad, Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" title="Listoedy, Galerucinae. Fauna SSSR. Nasekomye Zhestkokrylye, n. s. 8 (1)." year="1936">Ogloblin 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 354 (as synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A1065FDD7C86D48B3B9D775EB0102E" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. bifasciata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="bifasciata">G. bifasciata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, synonymy confirmed).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="10FF8B01C0EEB7051A9C244331E96854" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2C47BEBE280F778C3AF1C17FCD08DC3" genus="Galerucida" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Galerucida" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="genus">Galerucida</taxonomicName>
|
||
[sic!]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9D90F1D37DF604A6B22EEA2B80BFC372" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="nigrita" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="nigrita">nigrita</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="67287666D68B110FA4BBBB95A152DE3A" originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1935: 168;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C94923BEE57424DDF4B1B51364F2CCCD" author="Chujo, M" journalOrPublisher="The Philippine Journal of Science" pageId="26" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 239" title="A taxonomic study on the Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) from Formosa Part XI. Subfamily Galerucinae." volume="91" year="1962">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1B1633309C08E8FB2184752A13A1478B" originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
|
||
1962
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 153 (redescription);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="075D4EF047F55AC0F5215B4F52B11189" author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Esakia" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="21 - 38" title="A list of the chrysomelid specimens of Taiwan preserved in the Zoological Museum, Berlin." volume="5" year="1966">Kimoto 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 34 (as synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3E7A889C69A59F5999F345C6BB694143" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. bifasciata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="bifasciata">G. bifasciata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, synonymy confirmed).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A22C506C89AA08CA2D4CE0D01A535277" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph id="DA1AFC35BC86E22BF8A2AF50F7DDEB03" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC0C4E23D847D2B7080783DD521B0DFF" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CE342DF72BA2EC41EE08D8958DECC66" genus="Gallerucida" lsidName="Gallerucida bifasciata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="bifasciata">Gallerucida bifasciata</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Lectotype ♂ (KUEC), here designated, labeled: "Galerucida / bifasciata / Motch. / Type / Japonia [h, w] //
|
||
<normalizedToken id="82B40D1A993D92724DEA617025FDBAD3" originalValue="Ex-Musæo">Ex-Musaeo</normalizedToken>
|
||
/ E. Harold [p, w]". Number of paralectotypes is uncertain.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E1A9B27D8026C473BBA775A660339B7" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="354572D2A12B82176E0BE04E2BB5216F" genus="Melospila" lsidName="Melospila nigromaculata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">Melospila nigromaculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Lectotype ♂ (BMNH), here designated, labeled: "Galerucida / nigromaculata / Baly / N. China [h, g] // Type [p, w, circular label with red border] // Type [h, w] // Baly Coll. [p, w]". Number of paralectotypes is uncertain.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D3B31CDCE36F2998B35EC9461C30FD29" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5020CCD8404BEE4EB43C4A8551271F64" genus="Melospila" lsidName="Melospila consociata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="consociata">Melospila consociata</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Lecotype ♀ (BMNH), here designated, labeled: "Hakodate / Mr. Moor [h, w, with pencil written on the back of the label which specimen glue on] // Hakodate [p, w] // Japan. / G. Lewis, / 1910-320. [p, w]". Number of paralectotypes is uncertain.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6C287A617ABCFEDDC6DA6CDD4B25DCC9" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76D028370F2091D5ECCB500A3498230C" genus="Glaerucida" lsidName="Glaerucida nigrita" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="nigrita">Glaerucida nigrita</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Lectotype ♂ (TARI), here designated, labeled: "Formosa. / Musha [= Wushe,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D5AE3FFFAF0907124B4E643165032298" originalValue="霧社">霧社</normalizedToken>
|
||
], 1919. / V 18 - VI 15. / T. Okuni, [p, w] // CO / Types [p, w, yellow letters, circular label with yellow border] // Galerucida / nigrita
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9660B9AD1F35825246EAAC2CFB5AA095" originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
|
||
[h] / DET. M. CHUJO [p, g] // 1928 [p, w]". Paralectotypes. 2♂♂, 1♀ (TARI), same as lectotype but with "2183, or 2184, or 1929; 1♂ (TARI): "Horisha / Apr. 2, 1919 [h, w] // CO / Types [p, w, yellow letters, circular label with yellow border] // Galerucida / nigrita
|
||
<normalizedToken id="39DED1E814E6D97FE909CD20E35711C1" originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
|
||
[h] / DET. M. CHUJO [p, g]" // 2182 [p, w]"; 1♂ (SDEI): "Taihorinsho [= Talin,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="00A2F564EF13548CA02816577D2C1E55" originalValue="大林">大林</normalizedToken>
|
||
] / Formosa / Sauter [p] VIII. [h] 07.09 [p, w] // Syntypus [p, r] // Galerucida / nigrita
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FC1B18EEAA1471E85B73C1D32EC6D34C" originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
|
||
[h] / DET. M. CHUJO [p, g] // DEI
|
||
<normalizedToken id="35D4F563ECF249356C7D86F6658F9FBA" originalValue="Müncheberg">Muencheberg</normalizedToken>
|
||
/ Col-09171 [p, g]".
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A76BB4A7216F7DECEB5920152BDE9214" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="E9A2CCD54B57DC9110A9604539341C0B" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="2BEFF45A452B9CC72A20DE1D02D3CAA3" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1CB3CD7D0527D888E2AF3C126816F298" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D74D79B1039E1D836C8EE6DD6713FAD6" genus="Gallerucida" lsidName="Gallerucida bifasciata" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" rank="species" species="bifasciata">Gallerucida bifasciata</taxonomicName>
|
||
adults are easily recognized by their black bodies, with or without yellowish brown stripes, and strongly serrate antennae. Aedeagi of male endophallic sclerite complex is characterized by its short endophallic sclerite complex, and the median sclerite is similar to the lateral sclerite in length. By contrast, the endophallic sclerite complex is comparatively longer, and the median sclerite is much longer than the lateral sclerite in other species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8502E3ACF35F81041383376719B33497" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" type="redescription">
|
||
<paragraph id="10BEB7D2DB34C08465F3C65C62774869" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">Redescription.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F0158137B4289FB6984FB9E7921466F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">
|
||
Length 7.1-11.2 mm, width 4.2-6.0 mm. General color (Fig. 1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E0DC62483DA54551C7FB935C62017510" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
) black; elytra with three pairs of transverse, yellowish brown or orange stripes, one pair at baso-lateral angles curved inwards; second pair behind middle sinuate, expanding
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="16E040C73E02A03E7026D098D6635415" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" start="start">posteriorly</pageBreakToken>
|
||
at 1/3 and 2/3 distance between suture and lateral margins; third pair near apex curved inwards, expanding anteriorly at 1/3 and 2/3 distance between suture and lateral margins; lateral margin of abdomen yellowish brown. Antenna serrate in males (Fig. 2A), length ratios of antennomeres
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9E5F2DE05F7367F9E92F995FFEBBC039" originalValue="I–XI">I-XI</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.0: 0.4: 0.5: 1.3: 1.2: 1.1: 1.1: 1.1: 1.1: 1.1: 1.3, length to width ratios of antennomeres
|
||
<normalizedToken id="089C6952D1143B9B42026E688C87C43B" originalValue="I–IX">I-IX</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.6: 1.4: 1.5: 3.3: 2.3: 2.2: 2.1: 1.9: 2.2: 2.1: 2.9; less serrate and shorter in females (Fig. 2B), length ratios of antennomeres
|
||
<normalizedToken id="06E819E4D350DF2D7A0804222DED01E1" originalValue="I–XI">I-XI</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.0: 0.4: 0.5: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.8: 1.1, length to width ratios of antennomeres
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8A8EB0AD8AD4F429FD2BDB6C49F66A28" originalValue="I–IX">I-IX</normalizedToken>
|
||
3.1: 1.6: 2.0: 3.5: 3.1: 2.5: 2.0: 1.9: 1.8: 1.9: 2.5. Pronotum transverse, 1.9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="61BBB3D2B56C6EA8438E6C1FCC0B0B7E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
wider than long, disc convex, with indistinct depressions at sides, disc with microreculation, and extremely coarse, sparse punctures, and minute, sparse punctures between coarse punctures; lateral margin rounded; apical margin concave; basal margin convex. Elytra parallel-sided; 1.4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D99A6C126DBADB0E1B2447A54CBDD317" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than wide, disc without micro-reticulation but with extremely coarse punctures arranged into striae, with minute punctures between coarse punctures. Penis (Fig. 2C, D) elongate, 5.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="64A653AB825BA648C800536A48898F5A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than wide; parallel-sided; apex lanceolate; slightly curved in lateral view; ventral surface well sclerotized; endophallic sclerite complex (Fig. 2H) small, about 0.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BA354391258435A31051B818C98AA05F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as penis, composed of one median sclerite and one pair of lateral sclerites, median sclerite longitudinal, with dorsal process at apical 1/4, with dense setae along apical margin of dorsal process; lateral sclerites longitudinal and slightly longer than median, about 1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="242A9BF6FA0FDB2F891962AF2927037C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
median sclerite, asymmetric, curved near apex, apices circular and with one acute tooth. Gonocoxae (Fig. 2F) elongate, connected from base to apical 1/3, apices rounded, with dense elongate setae; base shallow bifurcate. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 2E) longitudinal, apex transverse, apical margin truncate; with dense short setae along apical margin; spiculum extremely slender. Receptacle of spermatheca (Fig. 2G) strongly swollen; pump short but strongly curved; proximal spermathecal duct wide and deeply inserted into receptacle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="42388E726C2210E0C7A60BBBC3FBF824" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D0C70ED15307D36FC0BC035CDFB6EF3" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
|
||
Figures 1. Habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B011FEE8C2BCF4F9979564775905AEAF" genus="Gallerucida" lsidName="Gallerucida bifasciata" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="bifasciata">Gallerucida bifasciata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Motschulsky. A Female, dorsal view B Male, color variation, ventral view C Ditto, ventral view D Female, stripes completely reduced, dorsal view E Male, stripes well developed, dorsal view F Male, from northern Japan.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="EB28CDBA36E1A486D59D0DC17106D4A7" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<paragraph id="ACC8F5E549A3864CF59B69F89DBD387A" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
|
||
Figures 2. Diagnostic characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="184508C6868951758BF9EFD9CE4FF8A2" genus="Gallerucida" lsidName="Gallerucida bifasciata" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="bifasciata">Gallerucida bifasciata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Motschulsky. A Antenna, male B Antenna, female C Penis, dorsal view D Penis, lateral view E Abdominal ventrite VIII F Gonocoxae G Spermatheca H Endophallic sclerites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2ADD48D9A59221DF7B3CFDF6782F6686" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph id="7112E9FBA46578CEBD1CA271214719BD" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Variations.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="976E46DA7CA60F3402BCD4742D373E61" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C1A0AD6DFCA876C113BC37D80470C23" author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="369 - 400" title="The Chrysomelidae of Japan and the Ryukyu Islands, VII. Subfamily Galerucinae II." volume="13" year="1965 a">Kimoto (1965a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that specimens (Fig. 1F) collected from Hokkaido and Northeast Honshu possess coarser punctures on the pronotum and elytra, and reticulate microsculpture on the pronotum, and treated them as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E7707B26A4848971531814E008B89E8" lsidName="G. bifasciata" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="bifasciata">G. bifasciata</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F42B2BE6FA85CB550F7C4A40A7F98DD3" lsidName="G. consociata" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="consociata">G. consociata</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Some individuals from North China possess the well-developed yellowish brown stripes on the elytra with several black spots (Fig. 1E). By contrast, some specimens from Taiwan have the yellowish brown stripes completely reduced (Fig. 1D) and were identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C0474E45FFD6AE0A7FB5D256B6CF717" lsidName="G. nigrita" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="nigrita">G. nigrita</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="731A3A71F963BAB3D48343B85894BCFF" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" type="host">
|
||
<paragraph id="D496C09B880AB76400980C9709F942C2" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Host plants.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE545CB3A95BD35BA421368D15F06EE5" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="96AB4D1FB4CFE30A7AFCDDE492B86687" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Polygonaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FE6C3CED5F9A0D5B1D3C16BEF65AD952" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Fallopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fallopia multiflora var. hypoleucum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="multiflora" variety="hypoleucum">Fallopia multiflora var. hypoleucum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ohwi) Yonek. et H. Ohashi (present study);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04AB2F8BE7071FA593F0C96714A5E2A1" lsidName="F. sachaliensis" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="sachaliensis">F. sachaliensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(F. Schmidt) Ronse Decr. (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5851051619626226B014F13B4B33B17" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polygonum sachaliense" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sachaliense">Polygonum sachaliense</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CD4DAE12DB3E3EE6F337CF9F4D60F7E9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Reynoutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Reynoutria sachalinensis" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sachalinensis">Reynoutria sachalinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EFEBE52CC301F3C0B896346BCEACA6F0" originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Kimoto 1961);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17B4C7C34DD1107A70327249362EDF4E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Persicaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Persicaria perfoliata" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perfoliata">Persicaria perfoliata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) H. Gross (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A68CA09E0985EE07CE79784109A81E4" author="Lee, JE" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Koreana Supplement" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" pagination="1 - 127" title="Leaf beetles in the Crops (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Economic Insects of Korea 27." volume="34" year="2006">Lee and Cho 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D91036AE485BB9B46899C68B497D84F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polygonum cuspidatum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidatum">Polygonum cuspidatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
Sieb. & Zucc. (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0F3115C2A4495D3A367F5540AC663D4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Reynoutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Reynoutria japonica" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">Reynoutria japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E0367051E1FE320D76264201BF67074" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Fallopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fallopia japonica" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">Fallopia japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3781A5D83A80BB7BE35C3E840FE0329B" originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Kimoto 1961);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76FE79A2DCDF09B23ECD62ADF3B2B6CE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rheum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rheum undulatum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undulatum">Rheum undulatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
Linn. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6074BE76CD7A8550837535853D298147" author="Lee, JE" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Koreana Supplement" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" pagination="1 - 127" title="Leaf beetles in the Crops (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Economic Insects of Korea 27." volume="34" year="2006">Lee and Cho 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E7A14659C6D48BF28CE5DC301571C1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rumex acetosa" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acetosa">Rumex acetosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
Linn.;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1A8AFA4B47DC5BA5C1C051EE20CDC573" lsidName="Ru. japonicus" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="japonicus">Ru. japonicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Houtt. (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="77EA6B74D53DA5F99926A6BC9883B2CB" originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Kimoto 1961);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AAB7818A7072ECCDF247EF13C625521" lsidName="Ru. aquaticus" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="aquaticus">Ru. aquaticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Linn.;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F84D57C5A827844F63B7E6FDCD563E0" lsidName="Ru. crispus" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="crispus">Ru. crispus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Linn. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F8CA45722490BFD753FA5462DC8345E" author="Lee, JE" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Koreana Supplement" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" pagination="1 - 127" title="Leaf beetles in the Crops (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Economic Insects of Korea 27." volume="34" year="2006">Lee and Cho 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Its host specificity was examined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F02C2ECE441F4A89B598BED4E231E047" author="Wang, Y" journalOrPublisher="Biocontrol Science and Technology" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" pagination="59 - 74" title="Gallerucidabifasciata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a potential biological control agent for Japanese knotweed (Fallopiajaponica)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/09583150701742453" volume="18" year="2008">Wang et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Adults strongly preferred
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0621F1225F1EBC4EBDFCDD52E554471B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Fallopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fallopia japonica" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">Fallopia japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA7160DFF311F3346309B6047756EB93" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polygonum cuspidatum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidatum">Polygonum cuspidatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F77FB499DE2EBA291D24996C9A63E85B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Persicaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Persicaria perfoliata" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perfoliata">Persicaria perfoliata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABE9DEF95DA83D3532EDD21461F2360" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polygonum multiflorum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorum">Polygonum multiflorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B331051CF9533F4518FE9D6477906974" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Fallopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fallopia multiflora" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflora">Fallopia multiflora</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A59F94CF410C501E4DE33EF4F1B4FE51" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="47779BA4DB854EB09056DE690591F684" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F431D1EE481BBF15AB4A037985B14BB" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ED9043FF9637420A7B5C1A39FDDD48D" genus="Gallerucida" lsidName="Gallerucida bifasciata" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="bifasciata">Gallerucida bifasciata</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations are presumably multivoltine. The following life cycle information is based on our (TCRT) observations (Lee and Cheng
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="AB10BE6B3FAE253E517C6290B0EFDC82" pageId="5" pageNumber="126" start="start">2007</pageBreakToken>
|
||
). Females began to deposit an average of 20 eggs in single egg masses during mid-January. Eggs hatched in 11-14 days. The larvae (Fig. 3A) fed on leaves and the larval duration was 14-15 days. Mature larvae (Fig. 3B) burrowed into the soil and
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="9B88694D06EAC0DA37EF6847FBF0B2EE" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" start="start">built</pageBreakToken>
|
||
underground chambers for pupation. Duration of the pupal stage (Fig. 3C) was 14-19 days. Newly emerged adults appeared during spring and were active (Fig. 3D) during summer and autumn.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="0CB78F370CE8784AA268C250B1EE1240" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<paragraph id="C948C594B891471304B14D22C265192A" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
|
||
Figures 3. Field photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FFB46FF3D5CDE54CADB08B830220461D" genus="Gallerucida" lsidName="Gallerucida bifasciata" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" rank="species" species="bifasciata">Gallerucida bifasciata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Motschulsky. A Early instar larvae B Mature larvae C Pupa D Adults.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8CEE1AD10555E63B0A5A788D9FAEBB95" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="BB2532BE31E6B454504924FB6CD720E4" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Other material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A6FDEA5448CA54E19EDC18DCEE793876" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
|
||
CHINA. Anhui: 2♂♂, 1♀ (NHMB), Dabieshan [大別山], 21-24.VI.1998, leg. Bolm; Fujian: 1♀ (BMNH), Wuyishan [武夷山], Jianyang [建陽], 27.III.1980, leg. S. Q. Jiang; 2♂♂ (BPBM), Shui-Pei-Kai, Shaowu, 26.III.1942, leg. T. C. Maa; Guanxi: 1♂ (TARI), Dayaoshan [大瑤山], 14.V.2016; Hebei: 2♂♂, 3♀♀ (NHMB), Wudanshan [武當山], 5-7.VII.1998, leg. Bolm; 1♂, 1♀ (JBCB), Xintai [邢台], Taihang mts. [太行山], Neiqiu [內丘], 8-11.VI.2004, leg. M.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CDD8E9992D4A14FB2C1EF45D3794D582" originalValue="Knížek">Knizek</normalizedToken>
|
||
; 2♂♂ (JBCB), border between Hebei and Inner Mongolian, road Chengda-Chifeng, pass 1600 m, 1-2.VI.2000; Heilongjiang: 1♂ (BMNH), Erlungshan [二龍山], 29.V.1966, leg. P. M. Hammond; 1♀ (BMNH), Harbin [哈爾濱], 29.VI.1952; Hubei: 1♀ (BMNH), Ichang [= Yichang,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5AA125F4BA518EF2E0E71A9B0C0B7417" originalValue="宜昌">宜昌</normalizedToken>
|
||
], B.M. 1922-212, leg. C. T. Bowring; 1♂ (BPBM), Trail between Mo-Tai-Chi and Sang-Hou-Ken, 19.VII.1948, leg. Gressitt & Djou; Jiangsu: 1♂ (BMNH), Nanjing [南京], 1935, coll. IZAS; Shaanxi: 1♂ (BPBM), Mts. Chin-Ling [秦嶺山], IV.-V.1904; 1♀ (BMNH), Cuihuashan [翠華山], 19.IX.1980, leg. P. M. Hammond; 1♂ (BMNH), Huashan [華山], 30.VII.1966, leg. P. M. Hammond; 3♂♂, 1♀ (JBCB), same locality, 17-22.VI.1991, leg. Z. Kejval; Sichuan: 2♂♂ (TARI), Bayueshan [巴岳山], 21.IV.2013; 1♂ (TARI), Fenghuang [鳳凰鎮], 30.III.2013; 1♂ (NHMB), Guanxian [灌縣], 27.VI.1990, leg. L. & M.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7B2076BB00D9C491FD7C54FB3990FCF6" originalValue="Bocák">Bocak</normalizedToken>
|
||
; Zhejiang: 1♂ (BPBM), Hangchow [=Hangzhou,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A1A515A59F37282227840877BA7B0284" originalValue="杭州">杭州</normalizedToken>
|
||
], 11.VI.1924, leg. J. F. Illingworth; 1♀ (BMNH), same locality, 8.IV.1930, leg. P. H. Tsai; JAPAN. Hokkaido: 3♂♂, 1♀ (JBCB), Sapporo, Oshoro, 15.VI.1997, leg. V.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8978B34421F83D4F03A1A8EAED9934D6" originalValue="Košťál">Kostal</normalizedToken>
|
||
; Honshu: 2♀♀ (JBCB), Aomori, Fukaura, 11-13.VI.1999, leg. M. Hayashi; 1♂ (BMNH), Fukushima, 26-29.VII.1881, coll. G. Lewis; 1♂, 1♀ (NHMB), Mt. Fuji, 200 m, 4-13.VIII.1985, leg. G. J. Minet; 1♂ (NMNS), Gifu, Kamagatani, 7.VII.1946, leg. T. Takahashi; 1♀ (NMNS), Gifu, Suhara, 3.VI.1956, leg. K. Ohbayashi; 1♀ (NMNS), same but with
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D507FD88F85FDA8270946613BD4B682E" originalValue="“26.V.1957”">"26.V.1957"</normalizedToken>
|
||
; 16♂♂, 2♀♀ (NMNS), Hyogo, Mt. Oginosen, 4.V.1964, leg. M. H.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CB46FA86C757AFCA14106373FF8F7F96" originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
|
||
; 27♂♂, 2♀♀ (NMNS), same locality, 1-5.V.1965, leg. Y. Ohira; 1♂, 1♀ (BMNH), Kyoto, Kibune, V.1951, leg. A. Nobuchi; 3♂♂ (BMNH), Nikko, 3-21.VI.1880, coll. G. Lewis; 2♂♂, 1♀ (BMNH), Nikko dist., Kozawa, 15.VIII.1980, leg. P. M. Hammond; Kyushu: 1♂ (TARI), Fukuoka, Mt. Inunaki, 5.V.1939, leg. S. Nisiguti; 2♀♀ (TARI), same but with
|
||
<normalizedToken id="693CF4A09FDDA05E0E51D7F734046882" originalValue="“19.V.1940”">"19.V.1940"</normalizedToken>
|
||
; 1♀ (TARI), same but with
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3CD0F4FADDDBBBAFE950B27804DC9497" originalValue="“26.V.1940”">"26.V.1940"</normalizedToken>
|
||
; 1♂ (BMNH), Nagasaki, coll. G. Lewis, 1910-320; SOUTH KOREA. 2♀♀ (JBCB), Chungcheongbuk-do, Daegang-myeon, Danyang-gun, 12.VI.2008, leg. J. M. Kwon; 1♂ (JBCB), Gyeongsangbuk-do, Cheongsong-gun, Hyeonseo-myeon, Sachon-ri, 5.VI.2010, leg. H. W. Cho; 1♂ (NHMB), Kyongju National Park, VIII.1979, leg. G. M.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BDBC0944B474E31218C2A0132FCA9E73" originalValue="Récolt">Recolt</normalizedToken>
|
||
; RUSSIA. 2♂♂, 1♀ (JBCB), Primorskij kraj, Arsenev, VI.1991, leg.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="19C2D1DBACCE68F99FBA914CBBDC069E" originalValue="Štrba">Strba</normalizedToken>
|
||
; 1♂ (JBCB),
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A909153A9C4036C6B1061B12A14E3578" originalValue="Primor’ye">Primor'ye</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Lazo, VII.1990, leg. S.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7FB855C0D705462C5F42508B484E2F51" originalValue="Pokorný">Pokorny</normalizedToken>
|
||
; TAIWAN. Hsinchu: 5♀♀ (TARI), Kuanhsi [關西], 9.II.2007, leg. H.-H. Han; Hualien: 3♂♂, 2♀♀ (TARI), Fuli [富里] - Tungho [東河] (in Taitung), 9-11.XI.1982, leg. K. C. Chou & S. P. Huang; Kaoshiang: 1♀ (TARI), Hsiaokuanshan [小關山], 15.V.2016, leg. B.-X. Guo; 1♀ (TARI), Shanping [扇平], 7.VI.2014, leg. W.-C. Liao; 1♀ (TARI), Taoyuan [桃源], 15.IV.2013, leg. L.-P. Hsu;
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="D65E313C66BE35F6972ACFFF292310EE" pageId="7" pageNumber="128" start="start">1</pageBreakToken>
|
||
♂ (NMNS), Tengchih [藤枝], 22.VIII.1996, leg. M.-L. Chan; 2♂♂ (TARI), same locality 28.III.2015, leg. W.-C. Liao; 1♂ (TARI), Tona trail [多納林道], 20.III.2010, leg. U. Ong; Miaoli: 1♀ (NMNS), Hsueshanken [雪山坑], 16-17.III.1995, leg. W. T. Yang; Nantou: 1♀ (NMNS), Howangshan [合望山], 1997, leg. C. C. Lo; 1♀ (NMNS), Huisun Forest Rec. Area [惠蓀林場], 22.V.1997, leg. C.W. & L.B.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1DCB3E38390D2B8FB24212F5ECB75FB1" originalValue="O’Brien">O'Brien</normalizedToken>
|
||
; 2♀♀ (NMNS), Lushan [盧山], 18.V.1997, leg. C. W. & L. B.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="54907EF9BD89E1294BA6853BC4810003" originalValue="O’Brien">O'Brien</normalizedToken>
|
||
; 1♂ (NMNS), Meifeng [梅峰], 9-10.II.1999, leg. C. S. Lin & W. T. Yang; 2♂♂ (NMNS), Meihsi [眉溪], 16.VI.1965, leg. B. S. Chang; 8♂♂, 4♀♀ (NMNS), Nanshanhsi [南山溪], 21.V.-17.VI.1965, leg. B. S. Chang; 1♂ (NMNS), same locality 11.II.1999, leg. C.-S. Lin; 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 7.IV.2010, leg. Y.-T. Wang; 1♀ (NMNS), Penpuhsi [本部溪], 29.V.1965, leg. B. S. Chang; 2♀♀ (NMNS), same but with
|
||
<normalizedToken id="71177A5E245023690945BF4AC0D0D590" originalValue="“17.V.1970”">"17.V.1970"</normalizedToken>
|
||
; 1♀ (NMNS), Shihtzutou [獅子頭], 21.II.1998, leg. C.-C. Lo; 1♂ (TARI), Tungpu [東埔], 19-23.VII.1982, leg. L. Y. Chou & T. Lin; 1♂ (TARI), same locality, 10-14.I.1983, leg. K. C. Chou & S. P. Huang; 4♂♂ (BMNH), Musha [=Wushe,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="37652465D5E955B21149019A687B23CD" originalValue="霧社">霧社</normalizedToken>
|
||
], 18.V.-15.VI.1919, leg. T. Okuni, J. Sonan, K. Miy., M. Yosh.; 1♂ (TARI), same locality, 19-22.IV.1983, leg. K. C. Chou & S. P. Huang; 1♂, 1♀ (TARI), Yuanfeng [鳶峰], 2.VI.2012, leg. J.-F. Tsai; Pingtung: 1♂ (TARI), Ali [阿禮], 17.II.2016, leg. Y.-T. Chung; 1♂ (TARI), Peitawushan [北大武山], 17.II.2010, leg. S.-F. Yu; 1♂ (TARI), Tahanshan [大漢山], 16.IV.2007, leg. Y.-L. Lin; 1♂ (TARI), same locality, 21.V.2007, leg. Y.-L. Lin; 10♂♂, 2♀♀ (TARI), same locality, 18.VII.2007, leg. C.-F. Lee; 1♂ (TARI), Wutain [霧台], 11.IV.2007, leg. Y.-L. Lin; 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 12.V.2009, leg. U. Ong; Taichung: 2♂♂ (TARI),
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="23170769BCAAE12521D109F1E190814A" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" start="start">Kukuan</pageBreakToken>
|
||
[谷關], 20-22.VI.1978, leg. K. S. Lin & K. C. Chou; Tainan: 1♂ (TARI), Meiling [梅嶺], 4.VI.2010, leg. U. Ong; 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 6.VII.2012, leg. Y.-L. Lin; Taipei: 2♂♂, 2♀♀, Wulai [烏來], 23.I.2008, leg. S.-F. Yu; Taitung: 1♂ (TARI), Chipen [知本], 15-17.II.1981, leg. L. Y. Chou & T. Lin; 1♂ (TARI), Tulanshan [都蘭山], 4.VII.2016, leg. S.-P. Wu; 1♀ (TARI), Yanping trail [延平林道], 5.III.2016, leg. S.-P. Wu; Taoyuan: 1♀ (NMNS), Junghua [榮華], 15.V.1971, leg. B. S. Chang; 2♀♀ (TARI), Paling [巴陵], 3-5.V.1983, leg. K. C. Chou & C. C. Pan.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="268976BA25E03E3F241AAAA85A07794A" pageId="8" pageNumber="129" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="2D8B71E815D83C9E0FDB570161A576EC" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="297F95D1A258B00F63016A0D1AAE8DF5" pageId="8" pageNumber="129">China, Japan, Korea, Russia, Taiwan.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |