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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.30.6147" ID-PMC="PMC3881355" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-30-33" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D914FFF0FFC8FF9C2C0A744BED3DFFF7" ID-PubMed="24399899" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576187" ModsDocID="1314-2003-30-33" checkinTime="1451251802241" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wagner, Warren L., Wagner, Anthony J. &amp; Lorence, David H." docDate="2013" docId="C5F380AC318AB6C7D3FBA13AB5BE7A98" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 30: 33-64" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 30" docPubDate="2013-11-27" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.30.6147" docTitle="Cyrtandra tahuatensis Fosberg &amp; Sachet, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 47: 31. 1981." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="D914FFF0FFC8FF9C2C0A744BED3DFFF7" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="D914FFF0FFC8FF9C2C0A744BED3DFFF7" masterDocTitle="Revision of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) in the Marquesas Islands" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="33" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1668140974741" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revision of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) in the Marquesas Islands</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wagner, Warren L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, MRC- 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">wagnerw@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wagner, Anthony J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, MRC- 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lorence, David H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>National Tropical Botanical Garden, 3530 Papalina Road, Kalaheo, HI 96741 - 9599, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2013-11-27</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>30</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>33</mods:start>
<mods:end>64</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.30.6147</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.30.6147</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-30-33</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">D914FFF0FFC8FF9C2C0A744BED3DFFF7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576187</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152024846" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C5F380AC318AB6C7D3FBA13AB5BE7A98" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C5F380AC318AB6C7D3FBA13AB5BE7A98" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="52">
<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="52" start="start">9</pageBreakToken>
.
<taxonomicName LSID="C5F380AC-318A-B6C7-D3FB-A13AB5BE7A98" authority="Fosberg &amp; Sachet, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 47: 31. 1981." authorityName="Fosberg &amp; Sachet, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 47: 31. 1981." class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Cyrtandra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cyrtandra tahuatensis" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="tahuatensis">Cyrtandra tahuatensis Fosberg &amp; Sachet, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 47: 31. 1981.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Cyrtandra tahuatensis Fosberg &amp; Sachet A Habit, Wood 6563 (US) B Flower, lateral view, Perlman 18399 (US, PTBG) and photographs by Wood from greenhouse specimens grown at NTBG C Flower, face view, Perlman 18399 (US, PTBG) and photographs by Wood from greenhouse specimens at NTBG." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10502" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="52" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="52">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="52">
Marquesas Islands: Tahuata: Above Hamatea, on central crest of
<normalizedToken originalValue="U’ua’o">U'ua'o</normalizedToken>
, 850 m, 31 May 1975,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">J.-C. Thibault 83</emphasis>
(holotype: US-2969232! &amp; US-2969234!, mounted on 2 sheets; isotype: US!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="52" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="52">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="52">
Shrub to 1-4 m tall; stems ferruginous pubescent. Leaves opposite, densely ferruginous pubescent, elliptic to broadly elliptic, 12-22
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-9.5 cm, apex acuminate, base attenuate, margins serrate, petioles 2-5 cm long. Flowers 1-3 in cymes to 20 cm, peduncles 6-8.5 cm long, ca. 2-3 mm in diameter, pedicels 20-35 mm, bracts ca. 4 mm; calyx green, 12-20 mm, divided almost to base, densely ferruginous pubescent deciduous; corolla ca. 25 mm long, tube cylindrical, 18-20 mm long, lobes suborbicular; ovary ca. 8-14 mm, densely pilose, style 4-5 mm, densely pilose. Immature fruit narrowly ovoid, ca. 15 mm long, densely pubescent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="52">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="52">Marquesas Islands, occurring on Hiva Oa and Tahuata, from 690 to 830 m.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="52" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="52">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Cyrtandra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="tahuatensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">Cyrtandra tahuatensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from ridges and summit areas in wet forest and shrublandwith shrubs and trees such as species of
<taxonomicName class="Rosopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coprosma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">Coprosma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Crossostylis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">Crossostylis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Freycinetia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pandanales" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">Freycinetia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aquifoliaceae" genus="Ilex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Aquifoliales" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">Ilex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rutaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rutales" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">Melicope</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">Metrosideros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Araliaceae" genus="Polyscias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Umbelliflorae" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">Polyscias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cunoniaceae" genus="Weinmannia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Oxalidales" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">Weinmannia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="52" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="52">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="52">
IUCN Red List Category: Endangered EN B1ab(i,ii,iii) + 2ab(i,ii,iii). B2: total area of occupancy less than 5000 km2 (ca. 376 km2). B1a, severely fragmented; B1b (i-iii), habitat continuing decline inferred. The suitable habitat for
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Cyrtandra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="tahuatensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">Cyrtandra tahuatensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on Hiva Oa (ca. 315 km2), and Tahuata (ca. 61 km2) is restricted to mountain slopes and summits, indicated as an endangered environment that is threatened by human activity (deforestation and fire), feral animals, and invasive plants, reducing the extent of the forest (
<bibRefCitation author="Florence, J" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="24" pageNumber="57" pagination="226 - 237" refId="B8" refString="Florence, J, Lorence, DH, 1997. Introduction to the flora and vegetation of the Marquesas Islands. Allertonia 7: 226 - 237" title="Introduction to the flora and vegetation of the Marquesas Islands." volume="7" year="1997">Florence and Lorence 1997</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Mueller-Dombois, D" journalOrPublisher="Springer, New York" pageId="24" pageNumber="57" pagination="444 - 460" refId="B14" refString="Mueller-Dombois, D, Fosberg, FR, 1998. Marquesas. Vegetation of the Tropical Pacific Islands. Springer, New York: 444 - 460" title="Marquesas. Vegetation of the Tropical Pacific Islands." year="1998">Mueller-Dombois and Fosberg 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Meyer, J-Y" editor="Gillespie, RG" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="24" pageNumber="57" pagination="332 - 338" refId="B13" refString="Meyer, J-Y, Salvat, B, 2009. French Polynesia, Biology. In: Gillespie, RG, Clague, DA, Eds., Encyclopedia of Islands. University of California Press, Berkeley: 332 - 338" title="French Polynesia, Biology." volumeTitle="Encyclopedia of Islands." year="2009">Meyer and Salvat 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="52">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">Marquesas Islands. Hiva Oa:</emphasis>
Mt. Ootua, 750 m, 27 February 1975, Oliver &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schäfer">Schaefer</normalizedToken>
3223 (BISH, US); road from Atuona to Puamau, just below Mt. Ootua, 660-690 m, 22 January 1975, Sachet, Oliver &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schäfer">Schaefer</normalizedToken>
2127 (BISH, CBG, CHR, NSW, PTBG, US).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">Tahuata:</emphasis>
ridge from Amatea to Moteve passing Meikaea, view down is on village of Hanatetena, on W side of ridge, 823 m, 13 July 1997, Perlman, Wood &amp; Luce 15976 (MO, NY, P, PAP, PTBG, US, WU); ridge E of trail ridge up to Amatea from Kuaee, W facing slope, 774 m,
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-9.933333">9°56'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="139" direction="west" minutes="4" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-139.06667">139°4'W</geoCoordinate>
, 18 July 1997, Perlman, Wood &amp; Luce 16010 (BISH, F, HAST, K, MO, NY, P, PAP, PTBG, US, WU); summit ridge near Haaiputeomo, satellite dish region NE of Vaitahu, 762-823 m,
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="19" value="-9.955277">9°57'19&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="139" direction="west" minutes="5" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="7.4" value="-139.08539">139°5'7.4&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 17-19 July 1997, Wood 6553 (PTBG), Wood 6563 (AD, BISH, HAST, MO, NY, P, PAP, PTBG, US, WU); Amatea region, locations around Haaoiputeomo satelite dish (parabowl), 823 m,
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="9.2" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-9.153334">9°9.2'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="139" direction="west" minutes="8" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-139.13333">139°8'W</geoCoordinate>
, 4 Jul 2003, Wood 10266 (PAP, PTBG, US).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">Fatu Hiva:</emphasis>
Mounanui slopes,
<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="53" start="start">from</pageBreakToken>
Teavapuhiau pass, in gulches below mt., 680 m,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="49.7" value="-10.480472">10°28'49.7&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="138" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="17.0" value="-138.63805">138°38'17.0&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 6 Feb 2003, Perlman 18399 (BISH, P, PAP, PTBG, US); slopes of Mounanui, 719 m,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="6.63" value="-10.468508">10°28'6.63&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="138" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="18" value="-138.63834">138°38'18&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 16 July 2005, Perlman 19667 (BISH, P, PAP, PTBG, US); Crete du Mt. Mounanui, 805 m,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-10.466666">10°28'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="138" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-138.61667">138°37'W</geoCoordinate>
, 26 July 1988, Florence &amp; Perlman 9589 (PTBG, US).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="53" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="53">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="53">Perlman 18399, Wood 6563</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="53">Wood 10266</emphasis>
were identified as
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Cyrtandra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="20" pageNumber="53" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="ootensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="53">Cyrtandra ootensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="53">mollissima</emphasis>
in the molecular study of
<bibRefCitation author="Clark, JR" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="24" pageNumber="57" pagination="982 - 994" publicationUrl="10.1016/j.ympev.2009.09.002" refId="B6" refString="Clark, JR, Wagner, WL, Roalson, EH, 2009. Patterns of diversification and ancestral range reconstruction in the Southeast Asian-Pacific angiosperm lineage Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae). Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 53: 982 - 994, 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.09.002" title="Patterns of diversification and ancestral range reconstruction in the Southeast Asian-Pacific angiosperm lineage Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae)." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2009.09.002" volume="53" year="2009">Clark et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
, but are here considered to represent
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Cyrtandra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="20" pageNumber="53" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="tahuatensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="53">Cyrtandra tahuatensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10502" pageId="20" pageNumber="53" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="53">Figure 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Cyrtandra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="20" pageNumber="53" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="tahuatensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="53">Cyrtandra tahuatensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fosberg &amp; Sachet
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="53">A</emphasis>
Habit, Wood 6563 (US)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="53">B</emphasis>
Flower, lateral view, Perlman 18399 (US, PTBG) and photographs by Wood from greenhouse specimens grown at NTBG
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="53">C</emphasis>
Flower, face view, Perlman 18399 (US, PTBG) and photographs by Wood from greenhouse specimens at NTBG.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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