269 lines
38 KiB
XML
269 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="B992F29808EBFA51839383C05E7E9DA3" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.177452" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5e048e8a-640d-4326-9a43-355353600ca0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="177452" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459860991261" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="O’Hara, James E." docDate="2007" docId="9527878A2764AA2568ADFC6ACC6EFC52" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01521p041.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1521" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Myiopharus Brauer and Bergenstamm 1889" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="691EFFF22765AA27683AFF97C939FFFE" masterDocTitle="A new species of Myiopharus Brauer and Bergenstamm (Diptera: Tachinidae) parasitic on adults of the sunflower beetle, Zygogramma exclamationis (Fabricius)" masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1698226076270" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="294E69F24750DEF0EBDF4AA53E52FE03">A new species of Myiopharus Brauer and Bergenstamm (Diptera: Tachinidae) parasitic on adults of the sunflower beetle, Zygogramma exclamationis (Fabricius)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D5FFF0D8B113E3F8EB90EB809D82D62F">O’Hara, James E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A8DD0809F68D4C2B34441D96D0644E40">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="71A8D4526143144B929AD0F4ED24B7EE">
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<mods:date id="E54E7BEBD5611917F9CCFF8BBABC9274">2007</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="559465172764AA2668ADFC6ACB86FBE9" box="[151,703,1021,1047]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1D31369C2764AA2668ADFC6ACB86FBE9" blockId="1.[151,703,1021,1047]" box="[151,703,1021,1047]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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<heading id="467981F02764AA2668ADFC6ACB86FBE9" bold="true" box="[151,703,1021,1047]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2764AA2668ADFC6ACB86FBE9" ID-CoL="63D35" ID-ENA="179498" authority="Brauer and Bergenstamm, 1889" authorityName="Brauer and Bergenstamm" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,703,1021,1047]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2764AA2668ADFC6ACB86FBE9" bold="true" box="[151,703,1021,1047]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2764AA2668ADFC6AC813FBE9" bold="true" box="[151,298,1021,1047]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Myiopharus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D2764AA26690BFC6ACB86FBE9" author="Brauer" box="[305,703,1021,1047]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Brauer, F. & Bergenstamm, J. E. von (1889) Die Zweiflgler des Kaiserlichen Museums zu Wien. IV. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Muscaria schizometopa (exclusive Anthomyidae). Pars I. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 56 (1), 69 - 180 + 11 pls. Note: Also published separately in Wien [Vienna], 1890, 112 pp. + 11 pls." type="book chapter" year="1889">Brauer and Bergenstamm, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="559465172764AA2668ADFBDFCA9BFA1C" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="1D31369C2764AA2668ADFBDFCB21FB81" blockId="1.[151,1435,1096,1151]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="3D9E11B22764AA2668ADFBDFCB21FB81" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2764AA2668ADFBDFCB96FBA1" ID-CoL="63D35" authority="Brauer and Bergenstamm, 1889: 161" authorityName="Brauer and Bergenstamm" authorityPageNumber="161" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,687,1096,1119]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2764AA2668ADFBDFC821FBA1" box="[151,280,1096,1119]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Myiopharus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="9C2F108D2764AA26691AFBDFCB96FBA1" author="Brauer" box="[288,687,1096,1119]" page="161" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" year="1889">
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<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D2764AA26691AFBDFCB42FBA1" author="Brauer" box="[288,635,1096,1119]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Brauer, F. & Bergenstamm, J. E. von (1889) Die Zweiflgler des Kaiserlichen Museums zu Wien. IV. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Muscaria schizometopa (exclusive Anthomyidae). Pars I. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 56 (1), 69 - 180 + 11 pls. Note: Also published separately in Wien [Vienna], 1890, 112 pp. + 11 pls." type="book chapter" year="1889">Brauer and Bergenstamm, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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: 161
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(also 1890: 93).
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<typeStatus id="C235883E2764AA266B56FBDFCA98FBA1" box="[876,929,1096,1119]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2764AA266C3FFBDFC843FB81" ID-CoL="452YN" authority="Brauer and Bergenstamm, 1889" authorityName="Brauer and Bergenstamm" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metopia">
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<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2764AA266C3FFBDFCDDCFBA1" box="[1029,1253,1096,1119]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Myiopharus metopia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D2764AA266CD7FBDFC843FB81" author="Brauer" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Brauer, F. & Bergenstamm, J. E. von (1889) Die Zweiflgler des Kaiserlichen Museums zu Wien. IV. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Muscaria schizometopa (exclusive Anthomyidae). Pars I. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 56 (1), 69 - 180 + 11 pls. Note: Also published separately in Wien [Vienna], 1890, 112 pp. + 11 pls." type="book chapter" year="1889">Brauer and Bergenstamm, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D31369C2764AA2668ADFB27CA9BFA1C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1200,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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The
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<typeStatus id="C235883E2764AA2668EAFB27C83AFB34" box="[208,259,1200,1226]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">type</typeStatus>
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species of
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<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2764AA2669A9FB27CB18FB37" ID-CoL="63D35" box="[403,545,1200,1225]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2764AA2669A9FB27CB18FB37" box="[403,545,1200,1225]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Myiopharus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is
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<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2764AA266A76FB27CBECFB37" ID-CoL="452YN" box="[588,725,1200,1225]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metopia">
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<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2764AA266A76FB27CBECFB37" box="[588,725,1200,1225]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">M. metopia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, described from the Neotropical Region.
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<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D2764AA266CEDFB27CCA4FB34" author="Reinhard" box="[1239,1437,1200,1226]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41" refString="Reinhard, H. J. (1945) New genera and species of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). Canadian Entomologist, 77, 28 - 36." type="journal article" year="1945">Reinhard (1945)</bibRefCitation>
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added the first North American species to
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<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2764AA266A98FB4FCA09FB0F" ID-CoL="63D35" box="[674,816,1240,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2764AA266A98FB4FCA09FB0F" box="[674,816,1240,1265]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Myiopharus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2764AA266B78FB4FCD96FB0C" ID-CoL="452Y5" authority="Coquillett, 1898" authorityName="Coquillett" authorityYear="1898" box="[834,1199,1240,1266]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
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<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2764AA266B78FB4FCAF2FB0F" box="[834,971,1240,1265]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">M. dorsalis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D2764AA266BE4FB4FCD9FFB0C" author="Coquillett" box="[990,1190,1240,1266]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Coquillett, D. W. (1898) Additions to my synopsis of the Tachinidae. Canadian Entomologist, 30, 233 - 237." type="journal article" year="1898">Coquillett, 1898</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, and described two additional species,
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<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2764AA26694FFA97CB27FAE7" ID-CoL="452XW" box="[373,542,1280,1305]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
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<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2764AA26694FFA97CB27FAE7" box="[373,542,1280,1305]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">M. canadensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2764AA266A6CFA97CBE9FAE7" ID-CoL="452ZG" box="[598,720,1280,1305]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="securis">
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<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2764AA266A6CFA97CBE9FAE7" box="[598,720,1280,1305]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">M. securis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. This classification, recognizing three species of
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<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2764AA266D34FA97CCA5FAE7" ID-CoL="63D35" box="[1294,1436,1280,1305]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2764AA266D34FA97CCA5FAE7" box="[1294,1436,1280,1305]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Myiopharus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<collectingCountry id="6599760C2764AA26688EFABFC820FABC" box="[180,281,1320,1346]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">America</collectingCountry>
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north of
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<collectingCountry id="6599760C2764AA2669B9FABFC8E6FABC" box="[387,479,1320,1346]" name="Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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, was followed by
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<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D2764AA266A88FABFCD3EFABC" author="Sabrosky" box="[690,1031,1320,1346]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41" refString="Sabrosky, C. W. & Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1965) Family Tachinidae (Larvaevoridae). In: Stone, A., Sabrosky, C. W., Wirth, W. W., Foote, R. H. & Coulson, J. R. (Eds.), A catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico. United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook, 276, 961 - 1108." type="journal article" year="1965">Sabrosky and Arnaud (1965)</bibRefCitation>
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. An earlier synonymy of the North American genus
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<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2764AA26695CFAC7CA23FA94" authority="Townsend (1931)" authorityName="Townsend" authorityYear="1931" box="[358,794,1360,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Adoryphorophaga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2764AA26695CFAC7CB05FA97" box="[358,572,1360,1385]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Adoryphorophaga</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D2764AA266A72FAC7CA23FA94" author="Townsend" box="[584,794,1360,1386]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41" refString="Townsend, C. H. T. (1931) New genera and species of American oestromuscoid flies. Revista de Entomologia, 1, 313 - 354, 437 - 479." type="journal article" year="1931">Townsend (1931)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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with
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<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2764AA266B5CFAC7CACDFA97" ID-CoL="63D35" box="[870,1012,1360,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2764AA266B5CFAC7CACDFA97" box="[870,1012,1360,1385]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Myiopharus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D2764AA266C13FAC7CC2DFA94" author="Mesnil" box="[1065,1300,1360,1386]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41" refString="Mesnil, L. P. (1960) Larvaevorinae (Tachininae) [cont.]. [Fam.] 64 g. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, Stuttgart, 8, 561 - 608, 609 - 656 [cont.]." type="journal article" year="1960">Mesnil (1960: 653)</bibRefCitation>
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||
was either overlooked or disregarded by
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<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D2764AA266A3CFAEFCA51FA6C" author="Sabrosky" box="[518,872,1400,1426]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41" refString="Sabrosky, C. W. & Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1965) Family Tachinidae (Larvaevoridae). In: Stone, A., Sabrosky, C. W., Wirth, W. W., Foote, R. H. & Coulson, J. R. (Eds.), A catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico. United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook, 276, 961 - 1108." type="journal article" year="1965">Sabrosky and Arnaud (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
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||
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D2764AA266B4DFAEFCD13FA6C" author="Aldrich" box="[887,1066,1400,1426]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Aldrich, J. M. (1934) Tachinidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile based mainly on material in the British Museum (Natural History). Part VII. Fascicle 1. London. 170 pp." type="book" year="1934">Aldrich (1934)</bibRefCitation>
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||
described two new species of
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||
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2764AA2668ADFA37C81CFA47" ID-CoL="63D35" box="[151,293,1440,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2764AA2668ADFA37C81CFA47" box="[151,293,1440,1465]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Myiopharus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="6599760C2764AA266951FA37C894FA44" box="[363,429,1440,1466]" name="Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Chile</collectingCountry>
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||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D2764AA2669D0FA37CB87FA44" author="Guimaraes" box="[490,702,1440,1466]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Guimaraes, J. H. (1971) Family Tachinidae (Larvaevoridae). In: A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States, Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 104, 333 pp." type="book" year="1971">Guimarães (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
grouped these and eight other species under
|
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<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2764AA266CF2FA37CC6FFA47" ID-CoL="63D35" box="[1224,1366,1440,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2764AA266CF2FA37CC6FFA47" box="[1224,1366,1440,1465]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Myiopharus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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in his catalogue of the
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<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2764AA266963FA5FC8E0FA1C" ID-CoL="GVY" box="[345,473,1480,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tachinidae</taxonomicName>
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||
of
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<collectingCountry id="6599760C2764AA266A3AFA5FCB5CFA1C" box="[512,613,1480,1506]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">America</collectingCountry>
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south of the
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<collectingCountry id="6599760C2764AA266AC4FA5FCAA7FA1C" box="[766,926,1480,1506]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">United States</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="559465172764AA2568FCFA67CDC4FDBC" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D31369C2764AA2568FCFA67CDACFF24" blockId="1.[151,1437,1200,2026]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,152,940]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D2764AA2668FCFA67C85AF9F4" author="Wood" box="[198,355,1520,1546]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41" refString="Wood, D. M. (1985) A taxonomic conspectus of the Blondeliini of North and Central America and the West Indies (Diptera: Tachinidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 132, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1985">Wood (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
re-evaluated the generic concepts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2764AA266B1EFA67CA8BF9F7" box="[804,946,1520,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2764AA266B1EFA67CA8BF9F7" box="[804,946,1520,1545]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Myiopharus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other blondeliine genera in his revision of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2764AA266926F98FC899F9CC" box="[284,416,1560,1586]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Blondeliini">Blondeliini</taxonomicName>
|
||
of North and Central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6599760C2764AA266A9CF98FCA36F9CC" box="[678,783,1560,1586]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In an attempt to simplify the oversplit classification of his predecessors, and to bring related species closer together, Wood proposed a revised classification that consisted of fewer, more broadly defined, genera. His intention was to group species based on similarities and shared derived characters, and the result was 55 genera and 177 new generic synonyms for the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2764AA266CC2F907CC45F954" box="[1272,1404,1680,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Blondeliini">Blondeliini</taxonomicName>
|
||
of North and Central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6599760C2764AA266948F92FC8E2F92C" box="[370,475,1720,1746]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2764AA2669DCF92FCB4DF92F" box="[486,628,1720,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2764AA2669DCF92FCB4DF92F" box="[486,628,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Myiopharus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remained an exclusively New World genus, but swelled in size from fewer than 15 described species in the New World to 54 described species in just North and Central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6599760C2764AA266D0DF977CCA5F904" box="[1335,1436,1760,1786]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
(creating over 30 new generic synonyms in the process). Wood (pers. comm.) believes there are about 50 described species in South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6599760C2764AA2669E7F8A7CB7BF8B4" box="[477,578,1840,1866]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
that should also be classified in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2764AA266BF4F8A7CD65F8B7" box="[974,1116,1840,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2764AA266BF4F8A7CD65F8B7" box="[974,1116,1840,1865]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Myiopharus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in addition to many undescribed species throughout the Neotropics, making this the largest genus in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2764AA266C62F8CFCDD9F88C" box="[1112,1248,1880,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Blondeliini">Blondeliini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Relatively few species are known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6599760C2764AA26698FF817CB23F864" box="[437,538,1920,1946]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6599760C2764AA266ABCF817CBDAF864" box="[646,739,1920,1946]" name="Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D2764AA266B07F817CD51F864" box="[829,1128,1920,1946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41" refString="O'Hara, J. E. & Wood, D. M. (2004) Catalogue of the Tachinidae (Diptera) of America north of Mexico. Memoirs on Entomology, International, 18, 410 pp." type="book">O’Hara and Wood (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed just 14 species. It is suspected that the hosts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2764AA2669DFF83FCB4AF83F" box="[485,627,1960,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2764AA2669DFF83FCB4AF83F" box="[485,627,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Myiopharus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are exclusively beetles in the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2764AA266C9EF83FCC61F83C" box="[1188,1368,1960,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chrysomelidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with other recorded hosts probably being in error (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D2764AA266AEDF847CA55F814" author="Wood" box="[727,876,2000,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41" refString="Wood, D. M. (1985) A taxonomic conspectus of the Blondeliini of North and Central America and the West Indies (Diptera: Tachinidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 132, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1985">Wood 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The sister group to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2764AA266CBEF847CC2BF817" box="[1156,1298,2000,2025]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2764AA266CBEF847CC2BF817" box="[1156,1298,2000,2025]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Myiopharus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2767AA2568ADFF0FC822FF4C" box="[151,283,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Blondeliini">Blondeliini</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been determined, though
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D2767AA256A91FF0FCA7EFF4C" author="Wood" box="[683,839,152,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" refString="Wood, D. M. (1985) A taxonomic conspectus of the Blondeliini of North and Central America and the West Indies (Diptera: Tachinidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 132, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1985">Wood (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that the monotypic genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2767AA256CC1FF0FC836FF24" authority="Townsend" authorityName="Townsend" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Thelyoxynops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2767AA256CC1FF0FCCA5FF4F" box="[1275,1436,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Thelyoxynops</emphasis>
|
||
Townsend
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6599760C2767AA25696CFF57C883FF24" box="[342,442,192,218]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
might be related to, or possibly congeneric with,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2767AA256C3AFF57CDB7FF27" box="[1024,1166,192,217]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2767AA256C3AFF57CDB7FF27" box="[1024,1166,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Myiopharus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D31369C2767AA2568FCFF7FCDC4FDBC" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
|
||
The monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2767AA256993FF7FCB0EFEFF" box="[425,567,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2767AA256993FF7FCB0EFEFF" box="[425,567,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Myiopharus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been established, and the genus could possibly be paraphyletic. It does contain species of different appearance; for example, the males of some species have a black thorax and shiny frons (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85B52A192767AA256911FEAFC848FEAC" box="[299,369,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,183,1768]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1. Myiopharus neilli sp. nov., left lateral view of male holotype. Body length = 6.9 mm. 2. M. neilli, oblique view of head of female allotype. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 3. M. neilli, left lateral view of female allotype. Body length = 6.9 mm. 4. M. dorsalis, oblique view of female head. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 5. M. canadensis, showing dark thorax and shiny frons that characterizes males of some Myiopharus species (image courtesy of S. A. Marshall). 6. M. neilli, ventral view of female showing tufts of setae on katepisternum in front of mid coxae. Scale bar = 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177453/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) whereas males of other species are gray like females (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85B52A192767AA256BC7FEAFCD78FEAC" box="[1021,1089,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,183,1768]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1. Myiopharus neilli sp. nov., left lateral view of male holotype. Body length = 6.9 mm. 2. M. neilli, oblique view of head of female allotype. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 3. M. neilli, left lateral view of female allotype. Body length = 6.9 mm. 4. M. dorsalis, oblique view of female head. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 5. M. canadensis, showing dark thorax and shiny frons that characterizes males of some Myiopharus species (image courtesy of S. A. Marshall). 6. M. neilli, ventral view of female showing tufts of setae on katepisternum in front of mid coxae. Scale bar = 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177453/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), the eye is densely haired in most species and sparsely haired in a few, and the facial ridge is setose along most of its length in some species and on less than lower half in others (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85B52A192767AA256A44FE1FCBD7FE5C" box="[638,750,392,418]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,183,1768]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1. Myiopharus neilli sp. nov., left lateral view of male holotype. Body length = 6.9 mm. 2. M. neilli, oblique view of head of female allotype. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 3. M. neilli, left lateral view of female allotype. Body length = 6.9 mm. 4. M. dorsalis, oblique view of female head. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 5. M. canadensis, showing dark thorax and shiny frons that characterizes males of some Myiopharus species (image courtesy of S. A. Marshall). 6. M. neilli, ventral view of female showing tufts of setae on katepisternum in front of mid coxae. Scale bar = 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177453/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Figs. 2, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). As well, female ovipositors vary from tubular to piercing to laterally flattened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85B52A192767AA2569A3FE27CB35FE34" box="[409,524,432,458]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1798,1822]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,229,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,229,1750]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Myiopharus neilli sp. nov. 7. Left lateral view of female ovipositor. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 8. Posterior view of female ovipositor. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 9. Puparium. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. 10. Posterior and slightly dorsal view of posterior spiracular discs of puparium. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 11. Puparium within remains of host, Zygogramma exclamationis. Beetle is typically decapitated between prothorax and mesothorax. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177454/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Figs. 7–8</figureCitation>
|
||
). These sorts of differences are often used to separate genera and explain in part why the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2767AA256915FE4FC884FE0F" box="[303,445,472,497]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2767AA256915FE4FC884FE0F" box="[303,445,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Myiopharus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D2767AA256A05FE4FCBE0FE0C" author="Wood" box="[575,729,472,498]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" refString="Wood, D. M. (1985) A taxonomic conspectus of the Blondeliini of North and Central America and the West Indies (Diptera: Tachinidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 132, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1985">Wood (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were once dispersed among many genera. Yet there is also a continuity among species for certain characters and a continuum from one species to the next for others, such that there is no easy way to divide the genus nor any clear indication that it is not monophyletic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="559465172767AA2568FCFDC7CC6EFC52" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D31369C2767AA2568FCFDC7CC6EFC52" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2767AA2568FCFDC7C86DFD97" ID-CoL="63D35" box="[198,340,592,617]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2767AA2568FCFDC7C86DFD97" box="[198,340,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Myiopharus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily recognizable as a blondeliine tachinid by a combination of character states (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D2767AA256D6EFDC7C9ECFD6C" author="Wood" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" refString="Wood, D. M. (1985) A taxonomic conspectus of the Blondeliini of North and Central America and the West Indies (Diptera: Tachinidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 132, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1985">Wood 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; couplet
|
||
<quantity id="DA769B792767AA256907FDEFC8BFFD6C" box="[317,390,632,658]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0225999999999997" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="in" value="119.0">119 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D2767AA2569B6FDEFCB21FD6C" author="Wood" box="[396,536,632,658]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" refString="Wood, D. M. (1987) Tachinidae. In: McAlpine, J. F., Peterson, B. V., Shewell, G. E., Teskey, H. J., Vockeroth, J. R. & Wood, D. M. (Eds.), Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Volume 2. Agriculture Canada Monograph, 28, 1193 - 1269." type="journal article" year="1987">Wood 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): prosternum haired, first postsutural supra-alar seta smaller than first postsutural dorsocentral seta, scutellum with four setae including a pair of large and divergent subapicals, and bend of vein
|
||
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2767AA2568D5FD5FC83EFD1F" box="[239,263,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">M</emphasis>
|
||
rounded and obtuse-angled.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2767AA256A62FD5FCBDFFD1F" ID-CoL="63D35" box="[600,742,712,737]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2767AA256A62FD5FCBDFFD1F" box="[600,742,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Myiopharus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is less easily characterized, keying out three times in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D2767AA256D6DFD5FC9D1FCF4" author="Wood" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" refString="Wood, D. M. (1987) Tachinidae. In: McAlpine, J. F., Peterson, B. V., Shewell, G. E., Teskey, H. J., Vockeroth, J. R. & Wood, D. M. (Eds.), Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Volume 2. Agriculture Canada Monograph, 28, 1193 - 1269." type="journal article" year="1987">Wood (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The genus is diagnosed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="791F4B6D2767AA256A17FD67CBF2FCF4" author="Wood" box="[557,715,752,778]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" refString="Wood, D. M. (1985) A taxonomic conspectus of the Blondeliini of North and Central America and the West Indies (Diptera: Tachinidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 132, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1985">Wood (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The species described here,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2767AA256C1BFD67CDBDFCF7" ID-CoL="452YT" box="[1057,1156,752,777]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2767AA256C1BFD67CDBDFCF7" box="[1057,1156,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">M. neilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, can be recognized as a member of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA8E4D1F2767AA25691FFC8FC88BFCCF" ID-CoL="63D35" box="[293,434,792,817]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myiopharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2767AA25691FFC8FC88BFCCF" box="[293,434,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Myiopharus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following features: eye moderately to densely haired, parafacial bare, both sexes with 2 pairs of proclinate orbital setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85B52A192767AA256AEBFCD7CA27FCA4" box="[721,798,832,858]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,183,1768]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1. Myiopharus neilli sp. nov., left lateral view of male holotype. Body length = 6.9 mm. 2. M. neilli, oblique view of head of female allotype. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 3. M. neilli, left lateral view of female allotype. Body length = 6.9 mm. 4. M. dorsalis, oblique view of female head. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 5. M. canadensis, showing dark thorax and shiny frons that characterizes males of some Myiopharus species (image courtesy of S. A. Marshall). 6. M. neilli, ventral view of female showing tufts of setae on katepisternum in front of mid coxae. Scale bar = 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177453/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), subvibrissal ridge with row of 2–3 setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85B52A192767AA256D7AFCD7CCB4FCA4" box="[1344,1421,832,858]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,183,1768]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1. Myiopharus neilli sp. nov., left lateral view of male holotype. Body length = 6.9 mm. 2. M. neilli, oblique view of head of female allotype. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 3. M. neilli, left lateral view of female allotype. Body length = 6.9 mm. 4. M. dorsalis, oblique view of female head. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 5. M. canadensis, showing dark thorax and shiny frons that characterizes males of some Myiopharus species (image courtesy of S. A. Marshall). 6. M. neilli, ventral view of female showing tufts of setae on katepisternum in front of mid coxae. Scale bar = 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177453/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), proepisternum bare, vein
|
||
<emphasis id="2FFAEA8E2767AA2569F9FCFFC8ECFC7F" box="[451,469,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">R</emphasis>
|
||
4+5 with just a few hairs basally, middorsal depression on abdominal syntergite 1+2 not extended back to hind margin of syntergite (but close), and body black or almost so in ground color.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |